ST[Adonis]
Leaf Staining
Circum.UK
Circum.F
CIR1[Adonis]
Circum.I
Tree circumference at 1m
Girth at 1m
CIR1
Plant defects
D_P
DEF
DEF[Adonis]
PL[Adonis]
Petiole length
16_NB[Adonis]
BBCH_16
60% of leaves/needles out
RAMA
Number of sylleptic shoots
Sylle[Adonis]
Syllep.UK
Syllep.I
Syllep
Syllep.F
Leaf electron transport rate
ETR
drd
IRD[Adonis]
Increase of diameter below the apical bud
WHC
Hemicellulose wood composition
WHC[Adonis]
BBCH_49
50% of buds lignified and mature
49_NB[Adonis]
Chl a
Chlorophyll a
Budset scoring
BS_s[Adonis]
BS_score
Budset
RDM
R_mass
Root dry mass
RDM[Adonis]
Root biomass
RDW
60% of flowers sexually mature
BBCH_66
66_NB[Adonis]
damage to the n-1 shoot
NL[Adonis]
Number of lobes
LNCm
Leaf nitrogen content per leaf dry mass
LNCm[Adonis]
N-2W_lent
N-2WL[Adonis]
Lenticels : number of cell with secondary wall deposition
Elevation
elevation
elev[Adonis]
Ramicorn
RA[Adonis]
1/2 of the total height of the plant dry
Leaf surface
LS[Adonis]
LW[Adonis]
Lobe width
PoR[Adonis]
Pores Roundness
Survival
Health status
SURb
ESb
SURb[Adonis]
Cal
Cork plank thickness
Cal[Adonis]
calibre
Caliber
SPCm[Adonis]
SPCm
Soluble protein content per leaf dry mass
nP[Adonis]
Number of primary branching
DIST
DIST[Adonis]
Distance individual/neighbor
mBI
Mean early wood density
mBI[Adonis]
Cork annual growth
Cork AG
CAG[Adonis]
AnnualGrowth
SE_NB[Adonis]
Senescence BBCH
SEN_BBCH
Prec
Average rainfall
Maximum stomatal conductance
gwmax[Adonis]
gwmax
NBP[Adonis]
NBPIED
Feet number
CHAL_n3
Chalara on the tree - rating on 3
CHALn3[Adonis]
OB[Adonis]
Obversity
Lamina shape
15_NB[Adonis]
BBCH_15
50% of leaves/needles out
Beautiful tree, to keep
Cptyp[Adonis]
CPtype
Type de la cépée
nSBD[Adonis]
nSecBD
Number of secondary buds
STOM[Adonis]
STOM
Stomatal density
Leaf nitrogen content
NM[Adonis]
LNC
NM.F
He[Adonis]
Expected heterozygosity
Prego-Ta
NS-Ta[Adonis]
Wood inclusions area - Tangential section area
nail Area_Ta
Nail size area - Tangential section
Budflush precocity
BF_prec
BF_p[Adonis]
Most leaf or mixed buds have finished swelling and are ready to burst. For some species the scales may have changed color.
TRW[Adonis]
Annual ring width
ARW
Growth ring width
TRW
Tree ring width
N-A&E_lent
Lenticels : number of cells alongating/expanding
N-AEL[Adonis]
Leaf dry mass
LDM
LDM[Adonis]
Leaf biomass
LDW
L_mass
CIR_Base
CIRC_B
CIR_B
CBAS
CIBAS
CCO
CIR_B[Adonis]
Tree circumference at the collar
Pore Roundness - Radial section
Pore_Round-R
PR-R[Adonis]
PoresRoundness_R
cover2
Relative Vegetation/Rock cover
cov2[Adonis]
Mean ring density
mpond[Adonis]
mpond
Xylem hydraulic conductivity
KS[Adonis]
Damaged tree
Sex determination
SEX
SEX[Adonis]
Mean lowest density values
min5
min5[Adonis]
aspect
expo[Adonis]
Individual aspect
Suberin Enedioic content
SuberinEnedioicA_CC
Vigor
GR[Adonis]
Tree growth
eels
eels[Adonis]
Cork Eelness
SuberinThreo2OHoctadecanoicA_CC
Suberin Dihydroxyoctadenedioic acid content
31_NB[Adonis]
Shoots at 10% of their size
BBCH_31
Height increment
deltaH
HPOU
IHeight
IH[Adonis]
deltaH.F
Number of intercalary veins
NV[Adonis]
WF-l[Adonis]
Wood fibers lengh
WF-l
TSuberin_CC
Total suberin content
Beta caryophyllene content
b.caryophyllene
Harvest date
RECD
RECD[Adonis]
75 to 90% of the foliage remaining
Camphene content
camphene
espessura
thickness
ESP
Cork thickness before boiling
ESP[Adonis]
Hydrogen 1
Wood Hydrogen 1
1H[Adonis]
Cépée associée
Cpass[Adonis]
CPasso
Between 30° and 60°
vEBC[Adonis]
Epicormic branch volume
vEpiBC
Diameter of terminal bud
TBD
TBD[Adonis]
92_NB[Adonis]
20% of leaves faded or fallen
BBCH_92
Leaf_An_curve
Leaf photosynthesis light response curve
PP-Ta[Adonis]
% Pore size - Tangential section
PorosityCoef_Ta
% Pore-Ta
% Pore-Tr
PP-Tr[Adonis]
PorosityCoef_Tr
% Pore size - Transversal section
30% of flowers sexually mature
63_NB[Adonis]
BBCH_63
N-LL[Adonis]
Lenticels : number of cells lygnifying
N-Lygn_lent
NbCones
Nb_cone
NBCON
NBF
NBF[Adonis]
Fruits/Cones number
Nb_cones
Pores Frequency
PoF[Adonis]
DESC
Comments
Observations
COM
COM[Adonis]
GIBN
GIBN[Adonis]
Game damage note
CLCA[Adonis]
Chrysomela leaf consumed area
Chrysomela
Medium heterozygosity
NBASD[Adonis]
NBASD
Number of years sympodic - straight tree
SW[Adonis]
Sinus width
SEC[Adonis]
Drought damage
SEC
FSE
N-DL[Adonis]
N-div_lent
Lenticels : number of cells dividing
Plant dry weight
Total_mass
TDM[Adonis]
TDM
Plant biomass
Dry matter
PDW
Branching habit
BRAH[Adonis]
BRAH
ROU
Rust
ROU[Adonis]
RWC
Root water content
00_NB[Adonis]
Dormant winter buds
BBCH_00
Fructification BBCH
FRUC_BBCH
FR_NB[Adonis]
40% of leaves faded or fallen
BBCH_94
94_NB[Adonis]
Late
Chlorophyll content per leaf dry mass
LCCm[Adonis]
LCCm
Shoots reached 10% of their final size (deducted a posteriori)
BBCH_08
Leaves comes out of 10% of buds
08_NB[Adonis]
FO[Adonis]
Fork
Temp_MIN
Mean minimum temperature
No leaves have fallen, the tree is still green
100 % feuillé, bien vert
THL
Total hypertrophied lenticels
THL[Adonis]
Moderate damages
Leaf CO2 light response curve
Leaf_CO2_curve
Growth stop
August shots
AC[Adonis]
PN-R[Adonis]
% Prego-R
Wood inclusions percentage - Radial section area
Nail size percentage - Radial section
NailInclusionsCoef_R
%nail Area_Tr
Pubescence along the veins
HRn
HRn[Adonis]
AnII_Ef
Photosystem II operating efficiency
Shoots at 80% of their size
BBCH_38
38_NB[Adonis]
nSLBD[Adonis]
Number of latent secondary buds
nSecLBD
80% of flowers sexually mature
68_NB[Adonis]
BBCH_68
BBCH_65
50% of flowers sexually mature
65_NB[Adonis]
Chalara on the tree - rating on 5
CHAL_n5
CHALn5[Adonis]
net_An
Net photosynthesis
TPgCm[Adonis]
TpgCm
Total pigments content per leaf dry mass
BBCH_33
Shoots at 30% of their size
33_NB[Adonis]
84_NB[Adonis]
BBCH_84
40% of fruits mature
ICIR
deltaC.F
deltaCIRC
Circumference increment
ICIR[Adonis]
deltaC
deltaC.I
DEVFO
Become of fork
DEVFO[Adonis]
1 to 2 strong curves
03_NB[Adonis]
Buds ready to burst
BBCH_03
Plant width at the soil level
R[Adonis]
GIB[Adonis]
GIB
Game damage
NBBR[Adonis]
NBBRA
Branches number
NBBR
Dead
Dormant winter bud (late flushing)
SuberinTyramine_CC
Suberin Tyramine content
FOR
FOR[Adonis]
Shape
Angle between 0 and 30°
ESBR
ESBR[Adonis]
Health status red strip
MFL
MFL[Adonis]
Mean flush length
BBCH_75
50% of fruits reached maximum size
75_NB[Adonis]
gwmean[Adonis]
Mean stomatal conductance
gwmean
80% of leaves faded or fallen
98_NB[Adonis]
BBCH_98
BR[Adonis]
Inner plank surface relief
Inner plank surface uniformity
relevo da barriga
Soil water availability
SWA
Collar canker number
NBCH
NBCH[Adonis]
DESN[Adonis]
DESN
Stem drying up grading
DF_n5[Adonis]
Defoliation - rating on 5
DF_n5
Canker_LLC
CLLC[Adonis]
Canker cumulative length
CCH
Inner plank surface color
color da barriga
BC[Adonis]
cor da barriga
2H[Adonis]
Hydrogen 2
Wood Hydrogen 2
No leaves have fallen
78_NB[Adonis]
80% of fruits reached maximum size
BBCH_78
Number of individuals
NbI[Adonis]
NbI
UN[Adonis]
Uredinia Number
20% of flowers sexually mature
62_NB[Adonis]
BBCH_62
d.cadidene
Delta cadidene content
Up to 99% of affected shoots, tree almost dead
QUAL
QUAL[Adonis]
Cork Quality
Crown without damage
DOC[Adonis]
Dissolved oxygen content
DOC
RQa
RQa[Adonis]
Rubisco quantity per leaf area
Enzymatic activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase
PEPc
PEPc[Adonis]
mid
Medium ring density
mid[Adonis]
SHDM
SHDM[Adonis]
Shoot dry mass
CARm[Adonis]
CARm
Carotenoid content per leaf dry mass
stone_content
stone[Adonis]
Soil stone content
Total pigments content per leaf area
TPgCa
TPgCa[Adonis]
All buds dormant or just enlarged
CHALHa
Chalara on the tree upper part
CHALH
CHAH[Adonis]
13C[Adonis]
d13Cc
Wood carbon 13
Carbon 13
13C
NSEC[Adonis]
SECN
Drought damage note
45_NB[Adonis]
BBCH_45
50% of buds with juvenile coloration
Doubtful
BBCH_72
72_NB[Adonis]
20% of fruits reached maximum size
Up to 75% of affected shoots
BBCH_83
30% of fruits mature
83_NB[Adonis]
C/N
Leaf carbon-to-nitrogen ratio
C/N[Adonis]
Fructification regularity
FRUC_REG
FRU_R[Adonis]
Tree unharmed, not attacked
SuberinAlkanoicA_CC
Suberin Hydroxyalkanoic content
Fork gone and not transformed into a large branch
%Pores
PP[Adonis]
Cork Porosity
% Pore-R
PP-R[Adonis]
% Pore size - Radial section
PorosityCoef_R
F1 fully stretched comparable to older leaves apical but of older leaves, apical bud of fully closed between green and red
BarkT_mean
BT_m[Adonis]
Bark thickness mean
Medium
Crown completely yellow
Height.UK
Height.I
HT[Adonis]
Height.F
Tree total height
NBAMD[Adonis]
Number of years monopodic - straight tree
NBAMD
F2 fully stretched transition to bud structure
BBCH_39
Shoots at 90% of their size
39_NB[Adonis]
Shoots.F
Shoots.UK
Shoot[Adonis]
Number of resprouts
Shoots.I
Shoots
BRR[Adonis]
BRR
Straightened branch
09_NB[Adonis]
BBCH_09
50% of buds with leaves coming out
Diameter below terminal bud
RD[Adonis]
Fork(s) only in upper half of the tree height
nFork[Adonis]
nFork
Forks number - x-ray
Shoots reached 90% of their final size (deducted a posteriori)
SDM[Adonis]
SDW
Stem biomass
S_mass
SDM
Stem dry mass
Start of shoot growth
30_NB[Adonis]
BBCH_30
GOURM
Epicormic branches
GOU
GOU[Adonis]
Wood density
WD[Adonis]
Leaf nitrogen isotope discrimination
d15N
delta N15
D15N[Adonis]
Delta15N
POL[Adonis]
POL
P_F[Adonis]
PETIOL
Petiols without leaves
P_F
Dormant winter flower bud
BBCH_50
50_NB[Adonis]
LCCa[Adonis]
Leaf chlorophyll content per leaf area
LCCa
Total protein content per leaf dry mass
TPCm
TPCm[Adonis]
PoresArea_Tr
Pore size - Transversal section
Pore-Tr
P-Tr[Adonis]
DES[Adonis]
DES
Number of dry years on the stem
30% of flowers are sexually mature. Flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. Male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen.
ANG_n5
ANGn5[Adonis]
Branch angle - rating on 5
DGB
Diameter largest branch
DGB[Adonis]
Pore Roundness - Tangential section
Pore_Round-Ta
PR-Ta[Adonis]
PoresRoundness_Ta
Fructification note
FRUCN[Adonis]
FRUCN
Lamina length
LL[Adonis]
LMA
LMA[Adonis]
Leaf mass per leaf area
Allelic richness
AR_bis
AR2[Adonis]
Flower buds swelling
BBCH_51
51_NB[Adonis]
Unscathed tree, without damage
tol[Adonis]
Tolerance
Tol
ND[Adonis]
Number of day to reach budburst
Shoots at 40% of their size
BBCH_34
34_NB[Adonis]
BBCH_90
First leaves faded or fallen
90_NB[Adonis]
LCC[Adonis]
Leaf chlorophyll content
LCC
Leaf number
Lf[Adonis]
Canker is developed along between 20% and 40% of stem circumference
DIACOL
RCD
DIA_col
DIA_C[Adonis]
DCOL
Root collar diameter
Enzymatic activity of Glutamine
GS[Adonis]
DP[Adonis]
Double feet
CPHM[Adonis]
Hauteur maximale cépée
CPHmax
Intra-ring variance
varintracerne
VIC[Adonis]
Leaf color
COUL
LC[Adonis]
06_NB[Adonis]
10% of the bud burst
BBCH_06
10 to 25% of the leaves have fallen
mBF[Adonis]
Mean late wood density
mBF
90% of the fruits reached their 'usual' maximum size, but did not changed color yet
Full cover
HGB[Adonis]
Height largest branch
HGB
FLX5b[Adonis]
FLX_n5b
Flexuosity - rating on 5b
Very marcescent
70% of flowers sexually mature
67_NB[Adonis]
BBCH_67
He2[Adonis]
He_bis
BBCH_93
30% of leaves faded or fallen
93_NB[Adonis]
Branching - rating on 3
BRA_n3
BRAn3[Adonis]
BFSn3[Adonis]
BF_score_n3
Budflush scoring - rating on 3
An_LightCurve_leaf
Photosynthetic rate - light curve
An_LightCurve
LA[Adonis]
LAR
Leaf area
Numerous branches concentrated at whorls
WAP-t[Adonis]
WAP-t
Wood axial parenchyma thickness
Limonene
Limonene content
Crown Chalara
CHALH[Adonis]
CHALHOU
FLXn5[Adonis]
Flexuosity - rating on 5
FLX_n5
Pica-pau
Woodp[Adonis]
Woodpecker
Nail size percentage - Transversal section
Wood inclusions percentage - Transversal section
PN-Tr[Adonis]
NailInclusionsCoef_Tr
% nail Area_Tr
% Prego-Tr
On all branches
LCH
Collar Chalara
CHALCOL
CHALC[Adonis]
CRL
Rubisco content in leaves
RQ[Adonis]
Less vigorous
More than 15-20 hypertrophied lenticels
Fis[Adonis]
Fixation index
Fis
soil_depth
depth[Adonis]
Soil depth
Deviation from verticality
VER
VER[Adonis]
No hypertrophied lenticels
70% of leaves/needles out
17_NB[Adonis]
BBCH_17
Frost damage note
GELN[Adonis]
GELN
CPt
CPt[Adonis]
Cépée transformée
LWC%
Leaf water content
LWC[Adonis]
TB[Adonis]
Number of buds at the terminal cluster
PIL[Adonis]
PIL
Penetration opposition
Amax[Adonis]
Amax
Maximum assimilation rate
crown_size
crown[Adonis]
Crown size
Crown spread
MaxWi
Maximum water use efficiency
MaxWi[Adonis]
gW[Adonis]
Stomatal conductance to water vapour
Dead tree
DHL
DHL[Adonis]
Date maximum color level of visible hypertrophied lenticels
FO_index
FO_i[Adonis]
Forking index
Fork_index
MOR
SUR[Adonis]
SUR
Terpinolene
Terpinolene content
Variance of late wood density values
varintraBF
VI_BF[Adonis]
Low allelic diversity
PoresLength_Tr
Pore Length - Transversal section
Pore_L-Tr
PL-Tr[Adonis]
Canker_nb
NBCHA
CNB[Adonis]
Canker number
50 to 75% of the leaves have fallen
surf[Adonis]
Ring surface
surf
Epicormic branches per epicormics
rEBC[Adonis]
rEpiBC
Rachis number
NBR[Adonis]
NBRACH
Enzymatic activity of hydroxypyruvate reductase
HPR[Adonis]
HPR
SI[Adonis]
Stomatal index
BRA_n5
Branching - rating on 5 scales
BRAn5[Adonis]
Water use efficiency
WUE
WUE[Adonis]
100% of crack bark, moderate cracks
CHAL_nbF
Chalara influence on leaves
C_nbF[Adonis]
SuberinFerulicA_CC
Suberin Ferulic content
Less than 10% of the area covered
FRUC[Adonis]
Fructification
FRUC
CON
BarkR
BarkR[Adonis]
Bark roughness
Ratio leaf nitrogen to leaf carbon
LN/LC[Adonis]
LN/LC
Tree total height in m
HTm[Adonis]
HTm
Broadleaves: the first leaves are spread on about 10% of the crown. Pines: 10% of very elongated buds with first needles coming out or out of the sheath but still tight, as stuck between them. Other conifers: 10% of buds with open-brushed needles
Height first living branch
HBV
HBV[Adonis]
Shoots reached 60% of their final size (deducted a posteriori)
ACC[Adonis]
Annual increase
ACC
Number of additional feet
NBPIEDSUP
NBPS[Adonis]
Dormant winter bud completely enveloped by the scales (perulae)
Growth BBCH
DV_NB[Adonis]
DEV_BBCH
Non-photochemical quenching
NPQ
PLAG
Plagiotropy
PLAG[Adonis]
NID[Adonis]
Nests presence
NID
CM.F
Leaf carbon content
CM[Adonis]
Between 10 and 25% of the area covered
BBCH_96
96_NB[Adonis]
60% of leaves faded or fallen
NBREC
Harvest number
CONREC
NBREC[Adonis]
ECL
ECL[Adonis]
CLOI
Thinning
GRA
GRA[Adonis]
Seeds
Stem water content
SWC
CR-w[Adonis]
Cork ring width
CR-w
32_NB[Adonis]
BBCH_32
Shoots at 20% of their size
SuberinOleicA_CC
Suberin Oleic content
Beta myrcene content
b.myrcene
Number of latent primary buds
nPriLBD
nPLBD[Adonis]
LNCa[Adonis]
LNCa
Leaf nitrogen content per leaf area
Less than 10% of the leaves have fallen
LDR
Lobe depth ratio
LDR[Adonis]
First fruits reached maximum size
BBCH_70
70_NB[Adonis]
Moderate to strong bends (severe)
AVR[Adonis]
ANVERE
Year reference whorl
BF_B[Adonis]
BF_score_B
Bud burst
DT[Adonis]
Trunk diameter below largest branch
'meia-marca' (12 to 14 'linhas' or 27 to 32 mm)
Uredinia size
US[Adonis]
mer_ls
F2 fully stretched no bud structure
Hydroxyphenylaldehyde/Syringaldehyde/Coniferaldehyde contents in cork
cork H/S/G
Most leaves or mixed buds began to swell
Ho[Adonis]
Observed heterozygosity
Canker is developed along between 40% and 60% of stem circumference
2nd quarter (between 45° and 67°)
Alive and unfrozen
ARM
ARMILL
Armillaria
ARM[Adonis]
Angle close to the right angle
10% of leaves/needles out
11_NB[Adonis]
BBCH_11
ANGn4[Adonis]
Branch angle - rating on 4
ANG_n4
Petiole ratio
PR[Adonis]
WRP-h[Adonis]
Wood radial parenchyma high
WRP-h
High allelic diversity
Sacharides_CC
Polysacharide cork composition
Germacrene content
germacrene
Saccharose content per leaf dry mass
SCm
SCm[Adonis]
Leaf carbone isotope discrimination
d13Cf
Delta.F
delta-13C
discriC13
D13C[Adonis]
delta C13
d13C
Delta13C
SEL[Adonis]
Phenotypic note
SEL
More than 75% of the area covered
60% of fruits reached maximum size
BBCH_76
76_NB[Adonis]
Presence
EP[Adonis]
Epidermal cells per adaxial leaf area
BUI
Cépée en buisson bosquet ou touffe
Wood vessels cell wall thickness
WV-t[Adonis]
WV-CW-t
More than 10 non-agglomerated sores
BBCH_80
80_NB[Adonis]
First fruits mature
95_NB[Adonis]
50% of leaves faded or fallen
BBCH_95
Fairly large but few branches per whorl
BBCH_60
First flowers sexually mature
60_NB[Adonis]
NBF_m[Adonis]
NBF_mean
Fruits/Cones number mean
MAR_n4
MARn4[Adonis]
Marcescence - rating on 4
Cork discontinuities
enguy[Adonis]
enguy
Crown dieback
canker_length
Canker_LL
CLL[Adonis]
Canker.length
Canker lesion length
Polyphenols cork composition
Phenols_CC
WRP-t[Adonis]
Wood radial parenchyma thickness
WRP-t
71_NB[Adonis]
10% of fruits reached maximum size
BBCH_71
Chl a/b
Chlorophyll a to b ratio
Prego
Nail size
Wood inclusions
NS[Adonis]
Other
Average tree
Number of years with terminal bud accident
NAAT[Adonis]
NAAT
61_NB[Adonis]
BBCH_61
10% of flowers sexually mature
BBCH_99
99_NB[Adonis]
90% of leaves faded or fallen
FO_score_n4
FOSn4[Adonis]
Forking score - rating on 4
LINE[Adonis]
Cépée linéaire
LINE
Terrentas/Barrentas
No branch
NBN[Adonis]
NBNPRO
NBN
Nests number
NS-R[Adonis]
Prego-R
nail Area_R
Wood inclusions area - Radial section
Nail size area - Radial section
Wood vessels diameter
WV-d
WV-d[Adonis]
ESP_B
espessura depois de cozido
cork thickness after boiling
ESP_B[Adonis]
Alive
Double feet number
NBDP
NBDP[Adonis]
BF_NB[Adonis]
BF_BBCH
Budflush BBCH
50 to 100% of the leaves have fallen
EHLD
EHLD[Adonis]
External hypertrophied lenticels diameter
Angle between 30 and 40°
Completely defoliated
Totally dry plant
NbA[Adonis]
Number of alleles
NbA
Broadleaves budflush scoring
Budflush.F
BF_BL[Adonis]
Bud break
Budflush
Budflush.UK
BF_score_BL
DEB
Budflush.I
nPriBD
Number of primary buds
nPBD[Adonis]
Beta pinene content
b.pinene
Dormant winter bud
Individual slope
slope[Adonis]
slope
DCE[Adonis]
Pollarding
DCE
Cobri[Adonis]
Cobrilha
Photosynthetic rate
None
CHALinf
CHALB
Chalara on the tree lower part
CHAB[Adonis]
Enzymatic activity of glycolate oxydase
GO[Adonis]
Groups: presence of scattered groups
PhiPS2
Leaf quantum yield of photosystem II
STAT[Adonis]
Status
STAT
Gamma cadidene content
g.cadidene
Fork gone but transformed into a large branch
Flor
rege[Adonis]
regeneration
Natural regeneration
Branch (ramicorn; thinner than a fork) with a similar angle
RAM[Adonis]
RAM
Branching degree
Nothing, no chalara
PoLe[Adonis]
Pores Length
Drought damage defects
DEF_S[Adonis]
D_S
DEF_SEC
Pore-R
P-R[Adonis]
Pore size - Radial section
PoresArea_R
HRf[Adonis]
HRf
Pubescence in lamina central part
AR[Adonis]
Missing data
2 rolled-up young leaves at equal height
26-50% buds-burst and have visible needles
Total protein content per leaf area
TPCa
TPCa[Adonis]
Canker_GI
CGI[Adonis]
girdling_index
Canker girdling index
Girdling.index
N-debark
N-deb[Adonis]
Number of debarkings
Absence
BBCH_40
40_NB[Adonis]
10% of shoots at growth stop
Very strong meander
Alpha cubebene content
a.cubebene
DCS
DCS[Adonis]
Crown dieback status
DCI
DC[Adonis]
Beautiful tree, to keep, deserves to be selected
SLA[Adonis]
SLA
Specific leaf area
SLAR
10% of the fruits reached their 'usual' maximum size, but did not changed color yet
Medium allelic diversity
Shoots at 70% of their size
BBCH_37
37_NB[Adonis]
Tree completely dry, the main axis and lateral shoots remain
Forking year
ANFO
ANFO[Adonis]
Wood axial parenchyma high
WAP-h
WAP-h[Adonis]
BBCH_55
Floral buds emerged but closed
55_NB[Adonis]
FL_NB[Adonis]
FLO_BBCH
Blossoming BBCH
CB[Adonis]
Basal sweep
DBH
DBH[Adonis]
DIA
Tree diameter
'Delgada' (10 to 12 'linhas' or 22 to 27 mm)
HBM[Adonis]
HBM
Height first dead branch
ram
20% of flowers are sexually mature. Flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. Male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen.
Less than 15-20 hypertrophied lenticels
FRUC_AB
Fructification abundance
FRU_A[Adonis]
Independant Vegetation/Rock cover
cover1
cov1[Adonis]
Height fork
HFO
HTF
HFO[Adonis]
Mean intrinsic water use efficiency
MWi
MWi[Adonis]
%C[Adonis]
a.copaene
Alpha copaene content
Fructification abundance 2
FRUT
FRUT[Adonis]
Flexuosity - rating on 3
FLX_n3
FLXn3[Adonis]
nLBD[Adonis]
Number of latent buds
nLBD
VI_BI[Adonis]
Variance of early wood density values
varintraBI
4th quarter (below 23°)
A lot of fruits in two or more sections of the crown
Stem_L
Stem length
Inflated bud
LRWC
Leaf relative water content
Irregular
Wood width
W-w
W_w[Adonis]
SPCa[Adonis]
SPCa
Soluble protein content per leaf area
Alive neighboring trees
NBV[Adonis]
NBVOIS
Rubisco quantity per gram of nitrogen
RQn[Adonis]
RQn
NCI[Adonis]
Competition index
NCI
Buds completely opened with leaves still clustered together but flushing, scales still present
75 to 100% of the leaves have fallen
75 % à 90 % du feuillage restant
Refugo
C_El[Adonis]
C_EL
Slenderness
Green
AIG
AIG[Adonis]
Needles coloration
max5[Adonis]
Mean strongest density values
max5
Between 25 and 50% of the area covered
Perfect
SuberinGlycerol_CC
Suberin Glycerol content
NBFO[Adonis]
NbFourches
Forks number
NBFO
DEBFAGUS
BF_score_n8
BFSn8[Adonis]
Budflush scoring - rating on 8
Vol
Vol[Adonis]
Volume
PoresRoundness_Tr
Pore_Round-Tr
Pore Roundness - Transverse section
PR-Tr[Adonis]
Instantaneous carboxylation efficiency
Inst_Carbon_eff
Chlorophyll b
Chl b
a.pinene
Alpha pinene content
Sequential branches angle
aSeqBC
aSBC[Adonis]
Number of years monopodic - forked tree
NBAMF
NBAMF[Adonis]
Small
Winter dormant flower bud
ECH[Adonis]
ECH
Sampling
NLV
Total number of leaves
NLV[Adonis]
BBCH_18
80% of leaves/needles out
18_NB[Adonis]
Marcescence - rating on 6
MAR_n6
MARn6[Adonis]
Stem diameter
Stem_D
NBDEF_V
NDEFV[Adonis]
Whorl defects
WP[Adonis]
Lamina largest width
LWC
Shoots at 50% of their size
BBCH_35
35_NB[Adonis]
50% of the fruits reached their 'usual' maximum size, but did not changed color yet
% Prego-Ta
% nail Area_Ta
Nail size percentage - Tangential section
PN-Ta[Adonis]
Wood inclusions percentage - Tangential section
NailInclusionsCoef_Ta
BBCH_64
64_NB[Adonis]
40% of flowers sexually mature
Very high
89_NB[Adonis]
BBCH_89
90% of fruits mature
Formiga
Formi[Adonis]
AVP
AVP[Adonis]
Ability to vegetative propagation
Broadleaves: the first leaves of the crown are spread. Pines: first buds very elongated with the first needles coming out of the sheath the sheath glued in pairs. Other conifers: first buds showing open-brushed needles.
The majority of the flower buds have begun to open
BBCH_82
20% of fruits mature
82_NB[Adonis]
BBCH_53
Flower buds opening
53_NB[Adonis]
Nomber of master branches
NBBRM
NBBRM[Adonis]
Presence of a few sores (10 max) difficult to detect
LPOUS
LPOUS[Adonis]
Shoot length
Branch length
LONG
A few fruits in two or more sections of the crown
SACL[Adonis]
SACL
Leaf saccharose content
Percentage venation
PV[Adonis]
FO_score_n5
FOSn5[Adonis]
Forking score - rating on 5
Slope of the vulnerability curve
S50
S50[Adonis]
Branche diameter
DBRA[Adonis]
DBRA
GBRA
Multi strands
mbs
30% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell
date15
date15.3
date15.UK
BS_date
date15.F
Budset date
BS_d[Adonis]
date15.I
date15.3.F
25 to 50% of the foliage remaining
COMP
COMP[Adonis]
Competition
BBCH_79
90% of fruits reached maximum size
79_NB[Adonis]
Ill
BarkT
Bark thickness
BarkT[Adonis]
preguentas/madeirentas'
preguentas/madeirentas
97_NB[Adonis]
70% of leaves faded or fallen
BBCH_97
Few and/or thin branches
SEN[Adonis]
Senescence
SEN
60% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell
het5
max5-min5
het5[Adonis]
GEL
Frost damage
GEL[Adonis]
Little
Growth unit number
NBUC[Adonis]
NBUC
Detailed health status
ESD[Adonis]
ESDET
EPI[Adonis]
Epinasty
EPI
Leaf perimeter
LP[Adonis]
Internal CO2 concentration
NBRA[Adonis]
Ramicorn number
NBRA
Polycyclism on lateral shoots only
vSeqBC
Sequential branches volume
vSBC[Adonis]
90% of flowers sexually mature
BBCH_69
69_NB[Adonis]
The first fruits reached their 'usual' maximum size, but did not changed color yet
3 to 4 cm of diameter at the insertion point
Low marcescence
DF_n3[Adonis]
DF_n3
Defoliation - rating on 3
10% of flowers are sexually mature. Flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. Male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen.
Canopy projection
canop[Adonis]
canopy_projection
WT%
Percentage of tension wood
WTP[Adonis]
Wood infradensity
WID[Adonis]
WID
BS_date_cnl
BScnl[Adonis]
Budset date in cumulative night length
date_cnl
Dry tree
Amean
Mean assimilation rate
Amean[Adonis]
Angle greater than 55°
Temp_MAX
Mean maximum temperature
mi[Adonis]
Minimal ring density
P50[Adonis]
Xylem pressure
P50
Absence: no recruit visible
Budburst date
BF_date
Budflush date
BF_d[Adonis]
70% of fruits reached maximum size
BBCH_77
77_NB[Adonis]
nEpiBC
Number of epicormic branches
nEBC[Adonis]
Number of sequential branches
nSeqBC
nSBC[Adonis]
Big
PoA[Adonis]
Pores Area
Carbon 12
12C[Adonis]
12C
Wood Carbon 12
Dying tree
On no branches
BS[Adonis]
Lamina basal shape
60% of fruits mature
BBCH_86
86_NB[Adonis]
30% of fruits reached maximum size
BBCH_73
73_NB[Adonis]
More than 5 cm of diameter at the insertion point
Shoots reached 30% of their final size (deducted a posteriori)
SUR_Rate
Survival rate
SUR_R[Adonis]
Shoots reached 20% of their final size (deducted a posteriori)
LD[Adonis]
Latent Period
70% of fruits mature
BBCH_87
87_NB[Adonis]
Dry or broken crown
50 to 75% of the foliage remaining
Shoots reached 70% of their final size (deducted a posteriori)
Média
Specific activity of Rubisco in leaves
SAR
SAR[Adonis]
Strong meander
10% of leaves faded or fallen
91_NB[Adonis]
BBCH_91
Cankers
CANK[Adonis]
Canker
SuberinAlkanols_CC
Suberin Alkanols content
WCP[Adonis]
Percentage of compression wood
WC%
Assimilation rate
A[Adonis]
10% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell
Nail size area - Transversal section
Prego-Tr
nail Area_Tr
NS-Tr[Adonis]
Wood inclusions area - Transversal section area
Shoots reached 40% of their final size (deducted a posteriori)
Light meander
3 carene content
3Carene
Shoot/Root dry mass
SDM/RDM
S/RDM
S/RDM[Adonis]
cork S/G
Syringaldehyde/Coniferaldehyde contents in cork
First leaves/needles out
10_NB[Adonis]
BBCH_10
Almost spread leaves, start of shoot
Female
Codominant tree
PoresArea_Ta
P-Ta[Adonis]
Pore-Ta
Pore size -Tangential section
Terminal bud dead
TE[Adonis]
BBCH_85
50% of fruits mature
85_NB[Adonis]
HTr[Adonis]
HTrunk
Height trunk
Nothing
pBF[Adonis]
pBF
Percentage of late wood
RQp[Adonis]
Rubisco content per gram of proteins
RQp
Tree completely dry, only the main axis remains
[fork height]
Fork still present at the given height
Dominant tree
An/Ci
Leaf carboxylation efficiency
Kept
07_NB[Adonis]
50% of buds burst
BBCH_07
CIR[Adonis]
Tree circumference
Tree girth
Ci130
CIR
No fruits
80% of the fruits reached their 'usual' maximum size, but did not changed color yet
3/4 of the total height of the plant dry
Rubisco quantity per leaf dry mass
RQm[Adonis]
RQm
WCC
WCC[Adonis]
Cellulose wood composition
20% of the fruits reached their 'usual' maximum size, but did not changed color yet
Absolutely straight stem (none)
BBCH_14
14_NB[Adonis]
40% of leaves/needles out
wood S/G
Syringaldehyde/Coniferaldehyde contents in wood
gC[Adonis]
Stomatal conductance to CO2
At least 10% of buds have the tips of the first leaves that extend beyond the tip of the bud scales
Acute angle less than 45 °
NBASF[Adonis]
NBASF
Number of years sympotic - forked tree
Smooth bark, no cracks
SuberinThreo3OHoctadecanoicA_CC
Suberin Trihydroxyoctadecanoic content
Fork in middle third of the tree
36_NB[Adonis]
Shoots at 60% of their size
BBCH_36
Very late
Forks developed both in upper and in lower half of the tree height
FLO[Adonis]
Blossoming
FLO
Naked tree (completely or with some top marcescent needles)
No fork
01_NB[Adonis]
BBCH_01
Buds swelling
The needle stretches up to twice the size of the bud, the needles are still tight to the shoot if bud scales are still there or they are splayed out
POLY
POLY[Adonis]
Polycyclism nature
NBS
Secateur knocks number
TAI
NBS[Adonis]
19_NB[Adonis]
BBCH_19
90% of leaves/needles out
Plagiotropic
13_NB[Adonis]
BBCH_13
30% of leaves/needles out
88_NB[Adonis]
80% of fruits mature
BBCH_88
Chalara very present
Angle between 40 et 55°
Number of repetitions
REP[Adonis]
REP
Identification
ID[Adonis]
Fork in lower third of the tree
Healthy, no sore
Very vigorous
a.humulene
Alpha humulene content
More than 2 rolled-up young leaves
12_NB[Adonis]
BBCH_12
20% of leaves/needles out
Smooth bark, some cracks
5 to 25% of the foliage remaining
Canker is developed along less than 20% of stem circumference
Transpiration rate
PL-Ta[Adonis]
Pore_L-Ta
PoresLength_Ta
Pore Length - Tangential section
No polycyclism
Superior
At least 50% of the foliar or mixed buds have burst. The green tips or bases of the leaves appear between the scales. In pines, the bud lengthens and the needles remain inside their sheath, which takes on a silvery hue; the green base of the needles can be seen. In other conifers, the needles begin to be visible.
SuberinEctadecanedioidA_CC
Suberin Ectadecanedioid content
1 pollarding
Low growth
Photo
photo
photo[Adonis]
LWR[Adonis]
Lobe width ratio
LWR
Hanging down (> 90°)
40% of the fruits reached their 'usual' maximum size, but did not changed color yet
ANG_n3b
Angle[Adonis]
Branch angle - rating on 3
Harvest
REC[Adonis]
REC
Suberin Hydroxyoctadecanoid content
SuberinOHoctadecanoidA_CC
At least 10% of the bud burst. Leaves appear between the scales. In pines, the bud lengthens and the needles remain inside their sheath which takes a silver tint; we see the green base of the needles. In other conifers, the needles begin to be visible.
BF_score_CO
Conifers budflush scoring
BF_CO[Adonis]
Fairly straight, slightly crooked in one direction (weak)
Number of flushes
NF[Adonis]
Bud sprouting with tips of the small leaves emerging out of the scales, first green is visible
Leaves expanding and diverging with their blades sill rolled up, scales may be present or absent
Worst
'Grossa' (> 18 'linhas' or > 40 mm)
Bud-burst, first green is visible (intermediate)
BBCH_81
10% of fruits mature
81_NB[Adonis]
Chalara difficult to see or visible but weak
20% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell
High heterozygosity
%N[Adonis]
80% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell
Between 50 and 75% of the area covered
Very numerous branches, large, concentrated double at the whorls and/or distributed along the shoot
Presence of attack and necrosis on one or more main axes
WI[Adonis]
Withered leaves
Orthotropic
Bud swelling and expanding with scales slightly diverging, presence of one or more droplets of balsam
76–100% buds-burst and have visible needles
no damage
Rejet sur souche crayon
1 to 2 light curves
Early
Marcescent
Fraca
sabinene
Sabinene content
BBCH_74
74_NB[Adonis]
40% of fruits reached maximum size
75% of crack bark
Uncertain
damage to the n-1 shoot and laterals recovery
Carotenoid content per leaf area
CARa[Adonis]
CARa
Leaning tree
nE[Adonis]
Number of epicormics
nEpis
Straight
More than 1 pollarding
Shoots reached 80% of their final size (deducted a posteriori)
ANG_n3
ANGn3[Adonis]
Alive and frozen
MAR_coef
Marcescence coefficient
MARc[Adonis]
Little early
50% of smooth bark, moderate cracks
Large number of merged and uncountable lenticels
Crown with brownish foliage and needle fall
The needle bundle starts to loosen, shoot are growing
Below 30° (steep)
Bud enlarge and starting to flush, first green is visible at the tip
Maximal ring density
ma[Adonis]
50% of flowers are sexually mature. Flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. Male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen.
Spread leaves, long shoot
Tree gone
Canker is developed along between 60% and 80% of stem circumference
Bud scales start to burst, first needles visible
40% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell
Boa
30% of the fruits reached their 'usual' maximum size, but did not changed color yet
Thin branches but distributed along the shoot
Vigorous
Acute angle greater than 45 °
Regular
Thin and few branches
Healthy tree
Very visible leaves
On some branches
BioF[Adonis]
BiomF
Foliar biomass
BioF
Accidentally cut
1 to 2 very strong curves
'Delgadinha' (6 to 8 'linhas' or 14 to 18 mm)
The first flowers are sexually mature. Flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. Male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen.
Main axis completely dry from the ground, some healthy shoots
Crown starts yellowing
Green white bud, beginning of leaves
fts
Cracks
Leaves are fully expanded (early flushing)
Low
Slight to moderate bends in different directions (weak)
Pore Length - Radial section
Pore_L-R
PoresLength_R
PL-R[Adonis]
Monoecious (both male and female)
Less than 10% of affected shoots
Wood fibers thickness
WF-t
WF-t[Adonis]
40% of flowers are sexually mature. Flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. Male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen.
A lot of fruits in a small section of the crown
No symptom
The majority of the flower buds began to swell
Healthy
1-25% buds-burst and have visible needles are visible
Leaves completely unfolded (but smaller in size than mature ones), lengthening of the axis of the shoot evident, scales absent
Abundant
Worst color
1/4 of the total height of the plant dry
10 to 50% of the leaves have fallen
Between 60° and 90° (plain)
Up to 50% of affected shoots
White bud (hair)
Chalara easy to see
1 to 2 cm of diameter at the insertion point
0% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell
Shoots reached 50% of their final size (deducted a posteriori)
51-75% buds-burst and have visible needles
Cut
'Marca' (14 to 18 'linhas' or 32 to 40 mm)
High
Broadleaves: the first leaves are spread on about 20% of the crown. Pines: 20% of very elongated buds with first needles coming out or out of the sheath but still tight, as stuck between them. Other conifers: 20% of buds with open-brushed needles
Significant damages
Embossed leaves
Crown completely green
100% of the foliage remaining, green tree
No marcescent
50% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell
Fork in upper third of the trre
Polycyclism only on the terminal shoot
Low heterozygosity
Total girdling of tree stem with associated mortality of the apex
Forks
fch
3rd quarter (between 23° and 45°)
No straight stem (severe)
The majority of floral buds have emerged from the buds but are closed. Flowers with petals: the majority of flower buds have emerged from the buds and are still closed, but the colour of the petals is visible. Male flowers in catkins: the catkins are at the end of lengthening, the scales begin to move apart. Other flowers: stamens begin to be visible.
2 to 3 cm of diameter at the insertion point
Scattered: few, scattered individuals
More than 2 very strong curves
Presence of attack and necrosis on a lateral shoot
Many and/or large branches
No damage
1st quarter (between 67° and 90°)
Top dry
F1 fully stretched with 'juvenile aspect', F2 comparable to older leaves apical bud not fully closed
At least 50% of the buds have the tips of the first leaves that extend beyond the tip of the scales, which may still be present. The leaves begin to individualize. In pines, the needles begin to pierce the sheath. In other conifers the first buds show individualized needles in closed brush.
Male
60% of the fruits reached their 'usual' maximum size, but did not changed color yet
70% of the fruits reached their 'usual' maximum size, but did not changed color yet
Abundant: abundant groups or few groups but with many individuals regularly spread all over the plot
A few fruits in a small section of the crown
Tree to cut
The first leaves of the crown have faded or fallen
Intermediate
Polycyclism on the terminal and lateral shoots and these lateral shoots are codominant
Cépée
70% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell
Dominated tree
Fork(s) only in the lower half of the tree height
Null
Apical bud red brown
4 to 5 cm of diameter at the insertion point
Polycyclism on the terminal and lateral shoots and these lateral shoots remain dominated
Leaf chlorophyll content protocol
Chlorophyll content was measured twice a week from 6 days before water-logging to 47 days of treatment. Measurements were made on 3 fully developed leaves of the last growth flush before water-logging on each tree, using a chlorophyll content meter (CCM, Opti Science, Tyngsboro, USA).
Resprout quantity
Assessment of the quantity of resprouts or shoots more than 30cm-long after coppicing
Sex scoring scale
Unknown
Mean inclination angle per log of the sequential branches
Primary branching quantity
Assessment of primary branching quantity
Woodpecker status
The woodpecker (Dendrocopus minor) that in pursuit of the larvae of the cobrilha also perforates often the planks.
Assessment of armillaria (parasitic fungi) at the base of the tree
BBCH_45 evaluation
Assessment of the date when at least 50% of buds have a juvenile coloration
10-epoxy-18-hydroxyoctadecanoid acid
suberin : cis-9
Cork chemical composition in suberin monomores (long-chain alfa, omega-bifunctional fatty acids): Hydroxyoctadecanoid acid
Epicormic branches quantity
Branche gourmande
EpiBC
Assessment of epicormic branches quantity, shoots growing from a dormant bud lying underneath the bark of an old structure
Measurement
Minimal mean value
Calculation of the mean of the 5 minimal values measured or computed
Epicormic percentage protocol
Assessment of the marcescence, the retention of dead plant organs that normally are shed such as the withering of leaves without falling off
Marcescence
Assessment of epinasty, a nastic movement in which a plant part (such as a leaf) is bent outward and often downward
The total amount of carbon fixed by the plant per unit time. Measured by determining the changes in CO2 concentration over a plant leaf in a glass enclosure.
Mean flush length during the growing season
Flush length
Calendar day
Flexuosity scoring scale on 5
Assessment of the date when leaves are coming out of their bud. For broadleaves: the first leaves of the crown are spread. For pines: first buds very elongated with the first needles coming out of the sheath the sheath glued in pairs. For other conifers: first buds showing open-brushed needles.
BBCH_10 evaluation
FO_score
Forking score
Assessment of forks position on the tree
Number of secateur knocks when shaping
g/m2
Tolerance protocol
Coefficient calculated for each untreated plant by comparing the values of a growth (HT, CIR or Vol) with the average values of the same for plants of the same genotype in treated situation
Assessment of primary buds quantity. The primary bud is the first to grow after the winter dormant period and is the most likely to develop a robust shoot during the growing season.
Primary bud quantity
PriBD
Maximum colour level of visible hypertrophied lenticels
Visual count
Total area of the leaf
Wood density at 12% moisture content
Wood density protocol
Measurements based on the coupling of catalyzed oxidation reactions of the same compound, NADH.
NADH protocol
Number of replicates used to calculate mean value of an associated
Assessment of the date when 40% of the crown fruits are mature (has changed color or is dried and dehiscent or has fallen)
BBCH_84 evaluation
Leaf staining
Computation per gram of nitrogen
Assessment of epicormic primary buds quantity, a primary having reached the bark as its growth has been delayed for a rather long time
Epicormic primary bud quantity
PriLBD
Amount of water in roots
water content
Anneau de croissance
Assessment of ring density, the layer of wood produced by a single year's growth of a woody plant
Ring density
Regularity of the fructification
Cork chemical composition in suberin monomores (long-chain mono-functional monomers): Alkanols
suberin :n-alkanols
Cork chemical composition in suberin monomores (long-chain alfa, omega-bifunctional fatty acids): Hydroxyalkanoic acid
suberin : alpha
omega-hydroxyalkanoic acid
Cork plank uniformity protocol
Sharp furrows, oriented longitudinally on the coast of the planks, and may cause discontinuities in the first layers of cork that were produced
enguiado
SLA protocol
Ratio of the leaf area, measured by image analysis, per the leaf dried mass (cm2/g)
Branch height
Height of the branch
azimuth
The direction (azimuth) that the slope faces at the location of the tree
Nitrogen isotope (N15) composition in leaves
Delta 15N
pé de linha'
Measured in 'linhas' (1 linha = 2,256 mm) with a kind of ruler called 'pé de linha'
Observation made by X-Ray
X-Ray protocol
Computation
suberin : (Z)-octadec-9-enedioic acid
Cork chemical composition in suberin monomores (long-chain alfa, omega-bifunctional fatty acids): Enedioic acid
Height increase by the growth of the tree main stem
Assessment of the roughness of the part of the stem that is external to the wood or xylem, including the vascular cambium: the bark
Assessment of frost damages
Pores area
Area of the circular discontinuities
Area of the circular discontinuities of the cork plank
Lenticular channels area
Visual assessment with a reference scoring scale
Visual scoring
Assessment of shoots growth
Shoot growth
DEV
Defects are quantified in the two tangential of 20 × 20 cm boards cut from the previous 30 × 30 cm boiled planks, and also in four strips of 20 × 1 cm (obtained from the same 30 × 30 cm samples), corresponding to Tangential surfaces (two strips for each surface). Each of the four faces of the 20 × 20 cm boards and the two faces of the 20 × 1 cm strips were photographed with a camera (10 mega pixels resolution). The defect areas were measured by image analysis, defining the limiting color threshold by visual inspection, using the Leica QWin software (V3.X—Leica Microsystems, Germany). Lengths were calibrated using a calibration ruler. The two types of defects (cork porosity and nail inclusions) were measured separately and the defect areas were expressed as a percentage of the total area of cork under analysis.
Cork defects percent - Tangential section protocol
Leaf surface protocol
Assessment of the date when 80% of the crown fruits are mature (has changed color or is dried and dehiscent or has fallen)
BBCH_88 evaluation
Count
Ratio between Hydroxyphenyl (H) Syringyl (S) and Guaiacyl (G) contents
Hydroxyphenylaldehyde/Syringaldehyde/Coniferaldehyde contents
H/S/G
H/S/G ratio
Spike protocol
Measured using a hammer and a sharp stick/pike (usually used for concrete), till 60 cm whenever possible, in a randomly chosen spot within the 10x10 m virtual plot around the tree. Make sure that you do not confuse a medium sized rock with the bedrock.
Weight of the dry leaf
Counting made with X-Ray
X-Ray counting protocol
Forking scoring scale on 5
Lenticel cell with secondary wall deposition
Assessment of the number of lenticels cells with secondary wall deposition
Assessment of the ramicorn quantity
Ramicorn quantity
Assessment of the number of lenticel cells dividing
Dividing lenticel cells
Dissolved oxygen content in leaves
kg/m3
Nail inclusions
Area of the nail inclusions
Plant height protocol
Measured from soil to basis of the apical meristem or bud (depending of time in season) with a pole or a clinometer
Abundance of natural regeneration around the tree
Girdling index
Growth scoring scale
Assessment of canker quantity
Canker quantity
Assessment of the date when 30% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell
BBCH_93 evaluation
Assessment of the panmixia (or panmicticism) standard deviation. It is the ability of individuals in a population to interbreed without restrictions; individuals are able to move about freely within their habitat, possibly over a range of hundreds to thousands of miles, and thus breed with other members of the population
Survival state scoring scale
Chalara scoring scale on 3
Petiol ratio protocol
Weight of the dry stem
Assessment of the date when shoots reached 30% of their final size (deducted a posteriori)
BBCH_33 evaluation
Assessment of the survival state of leaves
Chlorophyll b content in leaf green tissue
Assessment of the date when the first flowers are sexually mature. For flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. For male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen.
BBCH_60 evaluation
Assessment of the lamina pubescence, the fact of having fine hairs more or less spaced on the leaf blade
Hairiness
Lamina pubescence
Nitrogen content in leaves
Buds at the terminal cluster
suberin : Tyramine = 4-(2-aminoethyl)phenol
Cork chemical composition in suberin monomers (Glycerol and phenolics): Tyramine
Facteur d’élancement
C_El
Coefficient d'élancement
Facteur de stabilité
Slenderness of the tree, calculated by dividing its total height by its diameter
Feet quantity
Assessment of the feet quantity on the tree
Measured with a pilodyn with 3 repetitions
Pilodyn protocol
Soluble protein content in leaves
Leaf soluble protein content
SPC
Leaf gas exchange was assessed with a portable infrared gas analyzer (LI-6400; LI-COR Inc., Lincoln, USA) equipped with a fluorometer (LI-6400-40, LI-COR Inc., Lincoln, USA). Light response curves were performed 5–11 h after photoperiod initiation, using fully expanded leaves of 71 days-old plants under good illumination. A 28°C block temperature was used, with CO2 concentration at 400 ppm and an air flow rate of 500 umol s−1. Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was gradually decreased from 2000 to 0 (2000; 1750; 1500; 1200; 900; 700; 500; 250; 100; 70; 50 and 0 µmol photon m−2 s−1). A 2–3 min acclimation period was performed between the measurements of the 12 light levels.
Leaf gas exchange light response curve protocol
cm2/g
Cork discontinuities protocol
Comsumed leaf protocol
Measurement of consumed leaf disk area (image analysis) based on feeding multiple choice bioassay in laboratory conditions (boxes of 48 genotypes x 20 replicates).
Visual assessment of the branches angle with a reference scoring scale, on a minimum of two to three successive whorls and discarding the last two whorls.
Branches angle protocol 1
Branches angle scoring scale on 4
Transfer of electrons during photosynthesis in light saturated leaf
Additional feet
Assessment of additional feet quantity for the same tree since last passage
Assessment of the drying up level of the stem
Stem drying up
BBCH_66 evaluation
Assessment of the date when 60% of flowers are sexually mature. For flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. For male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen.
Assessment of the date when 80% of flowers are sexually mature. For flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. For male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen.
BBCH_68 evaluation
Relative cover protocol
Plant and rock covers are assessed relatively to each other (as if seen from above) in the 10x10 m virtual plot around the tree and with a predefined scoring scale. As the estimations are relatives, the total of the two must be 100%.
Leaf area measurement protocol
Measured on a fixed leaf area of 0.182 mm²
Latency measured against a given rust strain
Assessment of the phenotypic value of the tree for selection
Wood width protocol
Shoot diameter protocol
Measured below the terminal bud
Width of the leaf sinus, the space or indentation between two lobes or teeth of a leaf
BBCH_69 evaluation
Assessment of the date when 90% of flowers are sexually mature. For flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. For male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen.
Budflush scoring scale sur 8
ANG
Assessment of the branches angle
Branch angle
Flush
Growth of leaves
Assessment of flushes during the growing season
Defects are quantified in the two tangential of 20 × 20 cm boards cut from the previous 30 × 30 cm boiled planks, and also in four strips of 20 × 1 cm (obtained from the same 30 × 30 cm samples), corresponding to Tangential surfaces (two strips for each surface). Each of the four faces of the 20 × 20 cm boards and the two faces of the 20 × 1 cm strips were photographed with a camera (10 mega pixels resolution). The defect areas were measured by image analysis, defining the limiting color threshold by visual inspection, using the Leica QWin software (V3.X—Leica Microsystems, Germany). Lengths were calibrated using a calibration ruler. The two types of defects were measured separately: cork porosity and nail inclusions.
Cork defects - Tangential section protocol
Grosse courbure basale
Assessment of the basal curve
Image acquisition of the two radial, two transversal and one tangential sections was made through scanning at a minimum resolution of 300 dpi. Images were uploaded and then analysed using ImageProPlus1(Media Cybernetics, USA) image-processing software.
Cork Porosity protocol
Branches angle protocol 2
BBCH_87 evaluation
Assessment of the date when 70% of the crown fruits are mature (has changed color or is dried and dehiscent or has fallen)
Number of pores in frame area
Pores frequency
Lenticular channels density
Chemical content protocol
Content measured by chemical analysis
Branches angle scoring scale on 3b
Uredinia Size scoring scale
Senescence scoring scale
Content ratio measured by chemical analysis
Chemical content ratio protocol
Rust tolerance coefficient measured by comparing the growing values (CIR, HT, Vol) on treated and untreated plants
Early wood
springwood
Assessment of earlywood density, the softer more porous portion of an annual ring of wood that develops early in the growing season
spring wood
Earlywood density
lenticular channels round
Pores roundness
Circular discontinuities will have roundness about 1. When the pore is less circular the roundness value will be higher.
mm - no decimal
Appreciation of the space available for the tree to grow
Assessment of the date when 60% of the crown fruits are mature (has changed color or is dried and dehiscent or has fallen)
BBCH_86 evaluation
relative water content
Amount of water in leaves
Leaf coloration scoring scale
Defects are quantified in the two radial surfaces of 20 × 20 cm boards cut from the previous 30 × 30 cm boiled planks, and also in four strips of 20 × 1 cm (obtained from the same 30 × 30 cm samples), corresponding to radial surfaces (two strips for each surface). Each of the four faces of the 20 × 20 cm boards and the two faces of the 20 × 1 cm strips were photographed with a camera (10 mega pixels resolution). The defect areas are measured by image analysis, defining the limiting color threshold by visual inspection, using the Leica QWin software (V3.X—Leica Microsystems, Germany). Lengths were calibrated using a calibration ruler. The two types of defects were measured separately: cork porosity and nail inclusions.
Cork defects - Radial section protocol
Computation per leaf dry mass
Measured with spectrophotometer Beckman DU 640 and reported to leaf dry mass
Chlorophyll ratio protocol
Status scoring scale
Footprint or plan area of the crown of a tree expressed as crown width
Crown width
Assessment of double feet quantity
Double feet quantity
Assessment of sympodic growth. The apparent main axis is not developed from a terminal bud but transferred to a lateral meristem made up of successive secondary axes each of which represents one fork of a dichotomy, the other being of weaker growth or suppressed entirely.
sympodic
Sympodial growth
Expert visual assessment for cork inner surface uniformity
Cork industrial quality protocols
Visual assessment with a reference scoring scale for cork industrial quality
Notation of the date in cumulative night lentgh after July 1st that the observed score is reached for the first time
CNL protocol
Pore roundness protocol
Tree flexuosity
Straightness
Assessment of the flexuosity of the tree
FLX
Stem straightness
Assessment of uredinia, a reddish pustule that occurs on the leaves of a plant infected with rust fungus
Assessment of the date when 90% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell
BBCH_99 evaluation
Specific activity of rubisco in leaves
Assessment of epicormics quantity. These formations are appearing on trunks or master branches surfaces of living trees, resulting from buds repelled by cambial growth at the periphery on the trunk.
Epis
Epicormic quantity
Content in suberin measured by chemical analysis
Suberin chemical content protocol
cm3
Chlorophyll a content in leaf green tissue
Visual assessment
Ratio
parts per million (ppm)
Soil was spread in a fine layer and air-dried in the glasshouse until a constant weight was achieved. Minimum pot weight was considered to be pot’s weight containing a totally dry soil mixture. Maximum pot weight was measured when soil was at field capacity (FC)
Monopodic growth
Assessment of monopodic growth. The main or primary axis continues its original line of growth giving off successive axes or lateral branches from the apex of the main meristem.
monopodic
Numerical unknown
Cork plant thickness
BBCH_49 evaluation
Assessment of the date when at least 50% of buds are lignified and mature
Assessment of the tree condition in the face of a chalara attack, a disease in ash trees characterised by leaf loss and crown dieback and caused by the fungus Chalara fraxinea
CHAL
Chalara
mg/g
Abundance scoring scale
Measure of the distance between the observed tree and its targeted neighbor
Neighbor distance protocol
Assessment of the number of lenticel cells lygnifying
Lygnifying lenticel cells
Debarking protocol
Presence/Absence
Year of appearance of the reference verticula
Reference whorl
Leaf area consumed by chrysomela (phytophagous insect)
Number of individuals in the population
BBCH_98 evaluation
Assessment of the date when 80% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell
Assessed by the average of 5 random measurements of bark thickness à 130 cm.
Leaf color in autumn
mm2
Assessment of the date when 20% of the crown fruits are mature (has changed color or is dried and dehiscent or has fallen)
BBCH_82 evaluation
Leaf rubisco content
Degree
Assessment of the date when 80% of the fruits reached their 'usual' maximum size, but did not changed color yet
BBCH_78 evaluation
Measurement of the deviation from the verticality
nkat/mg
Assessment of the date when leaves are coming out of their bud. For broadleaves: the first leaves are spread on about 20% of the crown. For pines: 20% of very elongated buds with first needles coming out or out of the sheath but still tight, as stuck between them. For other conifers: 20% of buds with open-brushed needles.
BBCH_12 evaluation
Cépée alignée sur un linéaire
Assessment of the plant defects
Branches angle scoring scale on 5
Ratio of the mass of carbon to the mass of nitrogen in leaves. It can, amongst other things, be used in analysing sediments and compost.
Shape of the lamina
Leaf blade shape
The maximum value of a list of measured meteo values
Maximal meteo value
Stomatal conductance, the rate of passage of carbon dioxide (CO2) entering through the stomata of a leaf
Duration in half-day scale between date of inoculation and first sporulating uredia.
Latent period protocol
BBCH_08 evaluation
Assessment of the date when at least 10% of buds have the tips of the first leaves that extend beyond the tip of the bud scales
Budflush scoring scale on 3
Leaf relative water content protocol
Leaf relative water content was determine at maximum stress (day 28) and at the end of the experiment (day 35). Six leaf discs (Ø = 19 mm) were collected for each plant from the three youngest expanded leaves (2 discs per leaf). Five plants were analysed per treatment.
Mean value
Calculation of the mean of a series of measured or computed values
Assessment of the growth of the tree
Vigueur
BBCH_38 evaluation
Assessment of the date when shoots reached 80% of their final size (deducted a posteriori)
Rachis quantity
RACH
Assessment of rachis quantity, the main stem of a compound leaf bearing each leaflet of the blade
Growth rings, also referred to as tree rings or annual rings, can be seen in a horizontal cross section cut through the trunk of a tree
Capillary electrophoresis
Quantification by capillary electrophoresis
Tree status
Assessment of the tree status
Broadleaves budflush scoring scale
cm-2
Assessment of the date when 30% of flowers are sexually mature. For flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. For male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen.
BBCH_63 evaluation
Chalara scoring scale on 5
Dry weight protocol
Dry weight (g) was determined after drying plant material at 70°C (until a constant weight was achieved)
Cork quality
Evaluated by the homogeneity of the cork, 'aspecto da barriga' and 'aspecto das costas' which are an association of different features. Varies between 1st to 6th and 'refugo' where 1st is the best, 6th the worst and 'refugo' even worst.
Identification of the targeted tree (mother tree, replenish …) or the sample collected on the tree
Plant and rock covers are assessed independently in the 10x10 m virtual plot around the tree and with a predefined scoring scale. As the estimations are independent, the total of the two can be > 100% (some plants can grow over rocks).
Independant cover protocol
Ring width protocol
% lenticular channels density
Assessment of the porosity (or empty spaces) in cork. It is a fraction of the volume of pores over the total volume, so between 0 and 1 or as a percentage.
The aspect/direction (azimuth) is measured by compass (5 degree steps) in the direction of the steepest slope
Aspect protocol
Assessment of the blossoming (male and/or female) level
Cork chemical composition in cellulose
Assessment of the Larch needles coloration
Assessment of the survival state of the tree
Flushing
Bud flush
Assessment of the bud break level
BF_score
Average meteo value
The mean value of a list of measured meteo values
Counting manualy the number of leaves longer than 2 cm on the plant
Leaf counting protocol
Assessment of the budset level
Growth cessation
Pore frequency protocol
Image acquisition of the two radial, two transversal and one tangential sections made through scanning at a minimum resolution of 300 dpi. Images uploaded and then analysed using ImageProPlus1 (Media Cybernetics, USA) image-processing software.
Leaf quantity
Assessment of the quantity of leaves on the tree
Geotropism scoring scale
Drying up scoring scale
Yes/No
Weight of the plant dry matter
Total plant biomass
CAR
Leaf carotenoid content
Carotenoid content in leaves
Sample(s) collected on the tree
Defects are quantified in the two radial surfaces of 20 × 20 cm boards cut from the previous 30 × 30 cm boiled planks, and also in four strips of 20 × 1 cm (obtained from the same 30 × 30 cm samples), corresponding to radial surfaces (two strips for each surface). Each of the four faces of the 20 × 20 cm boards and the two faces of the 20 × 1 cm strips were photographed with a camera (10 mega pixels resolution). The defect areas are measured by image analysis, defining the limiting color threshold by visual inspection, using the Leica QWin software (V3.X—Leica Microsystems, Germany). Lengths were calibrated using a calibration ruler. The two types of defects (cork porosity and nail inclusions) were measured separately and the defect areas were expressed as a percentage of the total area of cork under analysis.
Cork defects percent - Radial section protocol
Mean wood density
Calculation of the mean ring, latewood or earlywood density weighted by the ring surface
Cork plank color protocol
Expert visual assessment for cork belly color
Coefficient of the budflush precocity
Surface of the rings, the layer of wood produced by a single year's growth of a woody plant
Epicormic bud quantity
LBD
Assessment of epicormic buds quantity, a dormant/latent bud having reached the bark as its growth has been delayed for a rather long time
Latent bud
vpm [C02]
Stomatal conductance, the rate of passage of water vapor exiting through the stomata of a leaf
g/100g
Polysacharide composition
Chemical composition in polysacharide
The larva of the coriander (Coroebus undatus) that digs galleries in the nest near the felogene
Cobrilha status
Polycyclism scoring scale
Cork chemical composition in suberin monomores (long-chain alfa, omega-bifunctional fatty acids): Oleic acide
suberin : (Z)-18-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid
Epinasty protocol
The occurrence of leaf epinasty was recorded using three ordinals classes: above perpendicular, perpendicular to stem axis and less then perpendicular, and three numerical values were assigned for these classes: 120°, 90° and 60°
Shoot diameter
SeqBC
Sequential branches quantity
Assessment of sequential branches quantity, shoots produced throughout tree development within a short time period after the bearer growth unit has formed
Mass percentage
Asessment of the thickness of the part of the stem that is external to the wood or xylem, including the vascular cambium: the bark
BBCH_81 evaluation
Assessment of the date when 10% of the crown fruits are mature (has changed color or is dried and dehiscent or has fallen)
Measured randomly at 130 cm from ground level (approximately breast height) using either a small calliper or ruler (if the bark can be detached without damage for the tree) or with specifically designed bark gauges.
Bark thickness protocol
Increase protocol
Calculation of the difference between 2 measured values of the same morphological observation (ex: circunference, height) at different times to evaluate the tree growth
Day
Terminal bud diameter
Ratio epicormic branches/epicormics
Ratio between epicormic branches and epicormics
Leaf mass/area protocol
The leaves were sampled after 50 days of water-logging
Cover scoring scale
Branch diameter
Assessment of the diameter of the branch
Amount of water in the stem
Leaf area was determined with a color image analysis system (WinDIAS 2, Delta-T Devices, Cambridge, UK) by scaning individual leaves
Leaf area protocol
Weight of the dry root
Cloisonnement
Assessment of the thinning, an operation to remove a number of trees from a plot in favour of those left in place
Combination of the forking position and the number of forks
Forking index protocol
Diameter of the tree main stem
Assessment of petiols without leaves
Sub-stomatal cavity CO2 concentration measured under light curve
µmol.m-2.s-1
Slope protocol
Starting at the tree, one member of the field team walks 5 meters down and another walks 5 meters upslope. The measure is done using a clinometer and looking at the other´s eyes.
Water use efficiency, the ratio of water used in plant metabolism to water lost by the plant through transpiration
Name of the file or archive where photo(s) of the tree can be found
Assessment of game damages
Stable isotope analysis
Nail size protocol
Defoliation
Assessment of the tree defoliation
Défeuillaison
Assessment of the date when shoots reached 50% of their final size (deducted a posteriori)
BBCH_35 evaluation
Combination of the forking position and the number of forks, the highest index being for non-forking trees and for trees with a lower number of forks at a higher position
Ratio between chlorophyll a and b content in leaf green tissue
Assessment of rust, a plant disease caused by pathogenic fungi of the order Pucciniales (previously also known as Uredinales)
Gradians
Observation of the fork presence or absence. If the fork is gone and not transformed into a large branch, the value will be 0. If the fork is gone but transformed into a large branch, the value will be 1. If the fork is still present, its height from tree collar must be measured and the value will be the fork height.
Fork height protocol
Carbon content in leaves
Budset protocol
Visual assessment of the status of terminal apex with a reference scoring scale
Pore lenght protocol
S/G
S/G ratio
Ratio between Syringyl (S) and Guaiacyl (G) contents
Syringaldehyde/Coniferaldehyde contents
Assessment of drought damages
Fente de sécheresse
Assessment of the date when 20% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell
BBCH_92 evaluation
Lobe ratio protocol
DEF_V
Number of whorls whith 1 default (fork, ramicorn…). A whorl or verticil is an arrangement of at least 3 sepals, petals, leaves, stipules or branches that radiate from a single point and surround or wrap around the stem.
BBCH_67 evaluation
Assessment of the date when 70% of flowers are sexually mature. For flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. For male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen.
Cellulose carbon isotope discrimination
Carbon content in wood
Wood Carbon content
Individuals sampling for a specific study
Cork chemical composition in suberin monomores (long-chain alfa, omega-bifunctional fatty acids): Dihydroxyoctadenedioic acid
10-dihydroxyoctadenedioic acid
suberin : threo-9
Assessment of the health status related to red band disease
Needles coloration scoring scale
Fructification scoring scale
A loose, pulverulent tissue with rounded cells that leave empty spaces between them, whose walls do not always overlap, filling the lenticular channels. It occurs mainly in corks with a special type of porosity in which the pores have a longitudinally conical profile. When this defect manifests itself frequently, the cork is called 'terrenta' or 'muddy', and in the most severe cases it disables the production of natural cork works.
Cork Quality Terrentas/Barrentas
Carbon isotope (C13) composition in leaves
Delta C13
Number of alive neighboring trees for a given tree
Flatness uniformity of the inner plank surface
Pollarding scoring scale
Medium value
Calculation of the medium of a series of measured or computed values
Hauteur maximale de la cépée
Uredia number protocol
Count of uredia formed 14 days after inoculation.
Leaf gas exchange was assessed with a portable infrared gas analyzer (LI-6400; LI-COR Inc., Lincoln, USA) equipped with a fluorometer (LI-6400-40, LI-COR Inc., Lincoln, USA). Data was periodically collected from the youngest fully expanded leaf (5–9 h after photoperiod initiation), never extending a total period of 90 min. Block temperature was set at 28 ◦C, light intensity was set at 300 µmol photons m−2 s−1 and CO2 concentration was kept at 400 ppm with an air flow rate of 500 µmol s−1. Fs and Fm’ represent the steady state and maximum fluorescence measured under light adapted conditions.
PhiPS2 protocol
Ratio between the number of stomata and the total number of epidermal cells counted on the same unit area
Assessment of the date when budset score will be reached for the first time
Recording of an accident on the terminal bud
Terminal bud accident
Assessment of the senescence, the growth phase in a plant or plant part (such as a leaf) from full maturity to death
vegetative multiplication
vegetative cloning
Assessment of the ability to vegetative propagation, any form of asexual reproduction occurring in plants in which a new plant grows from a fragment of the parent plant or a specialized reproductive structure
Vegetative reproduction
Epinasty scoring scale
BBCH_96 evaluation
Assessment of the date when 60% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell
Visual assessment with the BBCH reference scoring scale
Visual scoring BBCH
bud burst date
Assessment of the date when budflush score will be reached for the first time
Bud flush date
Thinning scoring scale
Selection scoring scale
BBCH_00 evaluation
Assessment of the date when all buds are dormants
Assessment of the date when 50% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell
BBCH_95 evaluation
The slenderness of a tree is calculated by dividing its total height by its diameter at 1.30 m. Note that both values must be measured with the same unit.
Slenderness protocol
cork age' scoring scale
Master branches quantity
Assessment of the quantity of branches of diameter approximately equal or greater than the trunk diameter
Assessment of debarkings quantity
Debarkings quantity
Cork defects - Transversal section protocol
Defects are quantified in the two transversal of 20 × 20 cm boards cut from the previous 30 × 30 cm boiled planks, and also in four strips of 20 × 1 cm (obtained from the same 30 × 30 cm samples), corresponding to transversal surfaces (two strips for each surface). Each of the four faces of the 20 × 20 cm boards and the two faces of the 20 × 1 cm strips were photographed with a camera (10 mega pixels resolution). The defect areas were measured by image analysis, defining the limiting color threshold by visual inspection, using the Leica QWin software (V3.X—Leica Microsystems, Germany). Lengths were calibrated using a calibration ruler. The two types of defects were measured separately: cork porosity and nail inclusions.
BBCH_53 evaluation
Assessment of the date when the majority of the flower buds have begun to open
Rust scoring scale
Assessment of the stop of shoots growth
Assessment of the date when 70% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell
BBCH_97 evaluation
Longueur de la lésion
Lesion length (longitudinal extent) of a canker lesion, an area of dead tissue which grow slowly and is caused by bacteria or fungus
Code de l'arbre dont lequel la cépée est associée par la racine
Number
Wood infradensity protocol
Foliar biomass, the mass of biodegradable living matter of the crown
Measured with spectrophotometer Beckman DU 640 and reported to leaf area
Computation per leaf area
Wood parenchyma protocol
µmol electron m-2 s-1
suberin : Ferulic acid = (E)-3-methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid
Cork chemical composition in suberin monomers (Glycerol and phenolics): Ferulic acid
Size of uredinia, a reddish pustule that occurs on the leaves of a plant infected with rust fungus
Uredinia Size
BBCH_94 evaluation
Assessment of the date when 40% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell
Competition scoring scale
Estimated date from polynomial regression of a time series of budflush or budset scores
Bud date protocol
Adaxial epidermal cells
Assessment of the number of epidermal cells on the adaxial leaf area (upper surface of the leaf)
Measured with a pole graduated in centimeters
Pole protocol
Girth increment
Circumference increase by the growth of the tree main stem
Chlorophyll content in leaves
Allelic richness scoring scale
Tree height
Total height of the tree, from the ground to the tallest part of the crown
Assessment of epicormic secondary buds quantity, a secondary bud having reached the bark as its growth has been delayed for a rather long time
SecLBD
Epicormic secondary bud quantity
Hypertrophied lenticels quantity
Assessment of hypertrophied lenticels quantity, a loose aggregation of cells which penetrates the surface of a woody plant and through which gases are exchanged between the atmosphere and the underlying tissues
Polyphenols composition
Chemical composition in polyphenols
Collar protocol
Measurement made at the base of the tree, at the collar
Assessment of seeds quantity
Seeds quantity
Insertion height of the fork
Variance
Calculation of the variance of a series of measured or computed values
Assessment of the date when at least 10% of the bud burst. Leaves appear between the scales. In pines, the bud lengthens and the needles remain inside their sheath which takes a silver tint; we see the green base of the needles. In other conifers, the needles begin to be visible.
BBCH_06 evaluation
Quantum yield of electron transfer at PSII
Tension wood, reaction wood formed on the upper side of tree branches and leaning trunks and characterized by narrower and thinner walled wood and fiber elements, excessive longitudinal shrinkage, and tendency to collapse on drying
Tension wood
Assessment of the quantity of lobes on the lamina
Lobe quantity
Collar diameter protocol
Diameter of the main stem measured at or within a specified distance from the collar, the part making the transition between the top of the root system and the base of the aerial part.
Fruits/Cones protocol
Number of mature fruits/cones that you are able to count on the tree in 30 seconds from the ground using binoculars
Half-day
Lenticels protocol
Amount of water present in the soil
Assessment of latewood density, the harder and less porous portion of an annual ring of wood that develops late in the growing season
summerwood
Late wood
summer wood
Latewood density
BBCH_71 evaluation
Assessment of the date when 10% of the fruits reached their 'usual' maximum size, but did not changed color yet
Continuity and felicity persistence are two characteristics of the periderm of cork oak that allow the sustained exploitation of cork. However, in some cork oaks sometimes appear in the secondary phloem small peridermal arcs enveloping the sclerites or the outermost blades of the broad phloem rays, and whose new felide ends up joining the anterior path of the felogene. These sclerenchymal formations, isolated from the intercarcass by a normal process of abcision, become sclerenchymal inclusions in the suberous tissue or the felogene surface. These corks have, for these reasons, great hardness, low elasticity and high density
Assessment of the date when 40% of the fruits reached their 'usual' maximum size, but did not changed color yet
BBCH_74 evaluation
Damage scoring scale
Lobe depth protocol
Assessment of the date when the first fruits reached their 'usual' maximum size, but did not changed color yet
BBCH_70 evaluation
Assessment according to the objectives of the scientific protocol
Thinning protocol
Leaf gas exchange was assessed with a portable infrared gas analyzer (LI-6400; LI-COR Inc., Lincoln, USA) equipped with a fluorometer (LI-6400-40, LI-COR Inc., Lincoln, USA). Data was periodically collected from the youngest fully expanded leaf (5–9 h after photoperiod initiation), never extending a total period of 90 min. Block temperature was set at 28°C, light intensity was set at 300 µmol photons m−2 s−1 and CO2 concentration was kept at 400 ppm with an air flow rate of 500 µmol s−1.
Leaf gas exchange protocol at 300 µmol photons m−2 s−1
mg/g DW
Assessment of the date when 50% of flowers are sexually mature. For flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. For male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen.
BBCH_65 evaluation
Color of the cork plank which adderes to the tree trunk
BBCH_30 evaluation
Assessment of the date when shoots start to growth
Calliper 130cm protocol
Measured at 130 cm from the ground (approximately breast height) with a calliper graduated in millimeters. If the tree has more than one trunk all of them have to be measured and the average has to be recorded (note that tree is multitrunk in comments).
Shoot to Root dry weight ratio
Percentage venation protocol
Assessment of the date when 10% of flowers are sexually mature. For flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. For male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen.
BBCH_61 evaluation
Debarking scoring scale
Forking score protocol
Competition protocol
The distance-dependent competition index is assessed by using the distance and diameter mesures of the 5 nearest neighbors to the target tree. It should also be specified whether they are conspecific or not with the sample tree.
Visual assessment on the first 15 m of the tree height (the crown is not taken into account) with a reference scoring scale. In case of forked stems, only the trunk below the deepest forking point is evaluated. Observations should ideally be done in winter time as visibility is better without leaves.
Flexuosity protocol
Heterozygosity
Assessment of the heterozygosity in the population
Terminal bud status
Assessment of the survival state of the terminal bud, the bud at the tip of the stem
Assessment of the fructification
Assessment of the date when leaves are coming out of their bud. For broadleaves: the first leaves are spread on about 70% of the crown. For pines: 70% of very elongated buds with first needles coming out or out of the sheath but still tight, as stuck between them. For other conifers: 70% of buds with open-brushed needles.
BBCH_17 evaluation
Biomass protocol
Measured by leaves weighing
BBCH_31 evaluation
Assessment of the date when shoots reached 10% of their final size (deducted a posteriori)
Numerical unknown - 1 decimal
Stone content in the soil around the tree
Pore area protocol
Canker_G
Extension latérale de lésion
Lateral extent of a canker lesion, an area of dead tissue which grow slowly and is caused by bacteria or fungus
Canker girdling
Length of the maximum extension of canopy branches from one end to the other (crown diameter)
Basal sweep protocol
BBCH_03 evaluation
Assessment of the date when most leaf or mixed buds have finished swelling and are ready to burst. For some species, the scales may have changed color.
Alleles quantity
Assessment of alleles quantity in the population
BBCH_80 evaluation
Assessment of the date when the first fruits of the crown are mature (has changed color or is dried and dehiscent or has fallen)
distance
Distance between the sampled tree and its closest neighbors
Crown chalara scoring scale
Assessment of the quantity of nests on the tree
Nests quantity
Computation per gram of protein
SecBD
Assessment of secondary buds quantity. The secondary bud is present next to the primary bud within the compound bud and it is dormant until it is needed by the plant as a back up when the primary bud fails.
Secondary bud quantity
Year
Degree celsius
CCM (arbitrary units of chlorophyll content meter)
Day number protocol
Notation of the number of days until the observed stage is reached for the first time
Stem length protocol
Measured from soil to basis of the apical meristem or bud (depending of time in season)
Slope angle at the location of the tree
Type cépée
BBCH_07 evaluation
Assessment of the date when at least 50% of the foliar or mixed buds have burst. The green tips or bases of the leaves appear between the scales. In pines, the bud lengthens and the needles remain inside their sheath, which takes on a silvery hue; the green base of the needles can be seen. In other conifers, the needles begin to be visible.
Rainfall on the site of the population
Rainfall
Marcescence scoring scale on 3
Regularity scoring scale
Cork plank color scoring scale
Branching habit scoring scale
Shoot/Root dry weight protocol
Roots were cleaned with tap water and adventitious roots were counted, sampled and their length measured. Dry mass was measured on fine, main and adventitious roots, separately, and on leaves and stems. Dry weight was determined after drying plant material at 70°C (until a constant weight was achieved).
Canker girdling index protocol
Visual appreciation at the inoculation point with a reference scoring scale. Most protocol are using 2 or 3 inoculation points per tree.
Identifier
Assessment of forks quantity, appearance of sequential branches with an inclination angle greater than 45°
Fork quantity
Drought damages scoring scale
Wood vessel protocol
Assessment of crown dieback, a condition in woody plants in which peripheral parts of the crown are killed
BBCH_18 evaluation
Assessment of the date when leaves are coming out of their bud. For broadleaves: the first leaves are spread on about 80% of the crown. For pines: 80% of very elongated buds with first needles coming out or out of the sheath but still tight, as stuck between them. For other conifers: 80% of buds with open-brushed needles.
Branching scoring scale on 3
Tree shape
Assessment of the shape of the tree
Hour
Cork ring width protocol
Trunk height protocol
Measured from soil to the first branches of the canopy
Soil depth around the tree
Observations on the tree, unsystematic and somewhat anecdotal
10-epoxy-18-ectadecanedioid acid
Cork chemical composition in suberin monomores (long-chain alfa, omega-bifunctional fatty acids): Ectadecanedioid acid
Canker lesion length protocol
Measured in millimeters with a measuring tape at the inoculation point. Most protocol are using 2 or 3 inoculation points per tree.
Code de l'arbre dont lequel la cépée est issue
Budburst scoring scale
The initial slope provides an in vivo measure of the activity of Rubisco in the leaf. This is sometimes called the mesophyll conductance.
mesophyll conductance
Carboxylation efficiency
Harvest protocol
Visual assessment collection
Compression wood, reaction wood formed on the lower sides of branches and leaning trunks and characterized by darker color, glassy appearance, relatively wide and eccentric annual rings, shorter vascular elements, and excessive and uneven shrinkage
Compression wood
Budflush BBCH scoring scale
BBCH_11 evaluation
Assessment of the date when leaves are coming out of their bud. For broadleaves: the first leaves are spread on about 10% of the crown. For pines: 10% of very elongated buds with first needles coming out or out of the sheath but still tight, as stuck between them. For other conifers: 10% of buds with open-brushed needles.
Budset scoring scale
Assessment of the date when 90% of the fruits reached their 'usual' maximum size, but did not changed color yet
BBCH_79 evaluation
Total length of the shoot
BBCH_39 evaluation
Assessment of the date when shoots reached 90% of their final size (deducted a posteriori)
Numerical unknown - 3 decimals
µmol CO2 / mmol H2O
mmol CO2 m-2 s-1 ppm-1
Assessment of wood hardness by testing its resistance to pilodyn penetration
Growth BBCH scoring scale
Wood density, or the dry weight per unit volume of wood
Assessment of the date when 10% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell
BBCH_91 evaluation
Hydrogen content in wood
Wood Hydrogen
Assessment of the date when shoots reached 20% of their final size (deducted a posteriori)
BBCH_32 evaluation
BBCH_83 evaluation
Assessment of the date when 30% of the crown fruits are mature (has changed color or is dried and dehiscent or has fallen)
Formiga status
The ant (Cremastogaster scutellaris) that opens wide and sinuous galleries in the suberous tissue
Obversity protocol
Cork defects percent - Transversal section protocol
Defects are quantified in the two transversal of 20 × 20 cm boards cut from the previous 30 × 30 cm boiled planks, and also in four strips of 20 × 1 cm (obtained from the same 30 × 30 cm samples), corresponding to transversal surfaces (two strips for each surface). Each of the four faces of the 20 × 20 cm boards and the two faces of the 20 × 1 cm strips were photographed with a camera (10 mega pixels resolution). The defect areas were measured by image analysis, defining the limiting color threshold by visual inspection, using the Leica QWin software (V3.X—Leica Microsystems, Germany). Lengths were calibrated using a calibration ruler. The two types of defects (cork porosity and nail inclusions) were measured separately and the defect areas were expressed as a percentage of the total area of cork under analysis.
Hypertophied lenticels scoring scale
Individual elevation
Elevation above sea level of the tree level
BBCH_09 evaluation
Assessment of the date when at least 50% of the buds have the tips of the first leaves that extend beyond the tip of the scales, which may still be present. The leaves begin to individualize. In pines, the needles begin to pierce the sheath. In other conifers the first buds show individualized needles in closed brush.
Assessment of the date when 50% of the crown fruits are mature (has changed color or is dried and dehiscent or has fallen)
BBCH_85 evaluation
BBCH_36 evaluation
Assessment of the date when shoots reached 60% of their final size (deducted a posteriori)
Cork thickness before boiling protocol
Cork's thickness is measured in eight positions: two in each radial surface and two others in each transversal face. The measured positions are marked for comparison with data obtained after boiling.
Crown scoring scale
Annual increment of cork rings thickness
Marcescence scoring scale on 6
Forking scoring scale on 4
Leaf blade width
Largest width of the lamina
Plant width at the soil level in spring
Volume of hardwood, the wooded part of a tree (trunk and branches) with a diameter at the smallest end greater than 7 cm (most often corresponding to the maximum cutting of wood made by forest operators)
Assessment of the date when leaves are coming out of their bud. For broadleaves: the first leaves are spread on about 40% of the crown. For pines: 40% of very elongated buds with first needles coming out or out of the sheath but still tight, as stuck between them. For other conifers: 40% of buds with open-brushed needles.
BBCH_14 evaluation
TPgC
Leaf pigments content
Pigments content in leaves
Senescence BBCH scoring scale
Defects scoring scale
Leaf blade length
3-triol
suberin : Glycerol = Propane-1
Cork chemical composition in suberin monomers (Glycerol and phenolics): Glycerol
Saccharose content in leaves
Virtual plot protocol
Estimated in the 10x10 m virtual plot around the tree with a predefined scoring scale
Determination of the tree sex
BBCH_77 evaluation
Assessment of the date when 70% of the fruits reached their 'usual' maximum size, but did not changed color yet
Colorimetric protocol
Colorimetric determination
µmol CO2 m-2 s-1
m2.MPa-1.s-1
Visual assessment on the terminal bud or on the whole tree when terminal bud is not visible with a reference scoring scale
Budflush scoring protocol
Eelness scoring score
Assessment of the of lenticel cells alongating and expanding
Growing lenticel cells
Assessment of the competition situation at the tree level
Precocity scoring scale
BBCH_76 evaluation
Assessment of the date when 60% of the fruits reached their 'usual' maximum size, but did not changed color yet
Curves scoring scale on 5
Assessment of the sequential branches volume
Assessment of the volume of epicormic branches
Volume des branches gourmandes
Epicormic branches volume
Canopy projection protocol
Measured on the maximum extension of canopy branches along an axis of the crown, from one edge to the opposite edge
Wood fiber protocol
Flexuosity scoring scale on 3
Measured at 1m from the ground with a graduated ribbon
Ribbon 1m protocol
Assesment of the allelic richness of the population by estimation of the mean allelic number by locus in the population
BBCH_72 evaluation
Assessment of the date when 20% of the fruits reached their 'usual' maximum size, but did not changed color yet
Index
Blossoming BBCH scoring scale
Number of replicates used to calculate the mean value of the associated trait
Repetitions protocol
BRA
Branching density
Assessment of the tree branches density
Temperature on the site of the population
Temp
Temperature
Assessment of the date when most leaf or mixed buds began to swell
BBCH_01 evaluation
Cork thickness after boiling protocol
To boil the cork, the 30×30 cm samples are submerged in water at approximately 90°C for 1 h. During the drying period of 72 h cork is kept protected from direct light. The marked positions are then measured for comparison with data obtained before boiling.
Calliper - largest branch protocol
Measured below the largest branch of the tree with a calliper graduated in millimeters
ETR protocol
Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. PPFD is the photon flux density of photosynthetically active radiation (400–700 nm), 0.84 is the assumed light absorbance of the sample, and 0.5 is the fraction of excitation energy diverted to the photosystem II
Height of trunk below the first branches of the canopy
BBCH_90 evaluation
Assessment of the date when the first leaves of the crown have faded or fallen
Assessment of the date when the majority of the flower buds began to swell
BBCH_51 evaluation
Defoliation scoring scale on 3
Assessment of straightened branch
Maximal mean value
Calculation of the mean of the 5 maximal values measured or computed
Leaf area per unit of leaf dry mass
Blossoming scoring scale
Rameaux anticipés
Sylleptic shoots quantity
Assessment of the sylleptic branches quantity, a shoot that develops from a lateral bud with any period of dormancy on the main shoot
Assessment of the influence of chalara on the leaves number
Branches angle scoring scale on 3
Assessment of the polycyclism nature, the ability for a plant to produce several flushes in the same growing season
Fruits/Cones mean
Assessed by the average of 3 rounds of counting of fruits/cones
Budflush conifers apical bud scoring scale
Calculation of the cumulative value of a series of measured or computed values
Cumulative value
Shoot diameter increase
IRD
mol.m-2.s-1
Assessment of the quantity of leaf intercalary veins
Intercalary veins quantity
Regeneration scoring scale
Number of sylleptic branches more than 10 cm-long are counted at the end of the growing season
Sylleptic shoot protocol
Defoliation scoring scale on 5
linha'
Frost damages scoring scale
BBCH_62 evaluation
Assessment of the date when 20% of flowers are sexually mature. For flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. For male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen.
Crown size protocol
Assessed by the average of 2 perpendicular diameter measurements across the crown, with the first measurement made along the longest axis of the crown from one edge to the opposite edge.
Chlorophyll protocol
Chlorophyll measurement: Absorbance was measured with a spectrophotometer (DU-70 Spectrophotometer, Beckman, USA) at 663.2 and 646.8 nm in a quartz cuvette. A646.8 is the absorbance at 646.8 nm and A663.2 is the absorbance at 663.2 nm, v is volume (ml), DW is dry weight.
Sulcos pronunciados, orientados longitudinalmente na costa das dapranchas, podendo causar descontinuidades nas primeiras camadas de cortiça que foram produzidas
suberin
Total cork chemical composition in suberin monomores
mmol H2O m-2 s-1
Measured with a calliper graduated in millimeters
Calliper protocol
Shape scoring scale
BBCH_75 evaluation
Assessment of the date when 50% of the fruits reached their 'usual' maximum size, but did not changed color yet
Branching scoring scale on 5
BBCH_16 evaluation
Assessment of the date when leaves are coming out of their bud. For broadleaves: the first leaves are spread on about 60% of the crown. For pines: 60% of very elongated buds with first needles coming out or out of the sheath but still tight, as stuck between them. For other conifers: 60% of buds with open-brushed needles.
Assessment of the date when leaves are coming out of their bud. For broadleaves: the first leaves are spread on about 90% of the crown. For pines: 90% of very elongated buds with first needles coming out or out of the sheath but still tight, as stuck between them. For other conifers: 90% of buds with open-brushed needles.
BBCH_19 evaluation
Quenching protocol
Assessment of the amount of vegetation or rock cover on the ground around the tree
cover
Vegetation/Rock cover
Heterozygosity scoring scale
Measure of the Caliber in 'linhas' (1 'linha' = 2,256 mm). The cork plank can be divided in 2 major classes regarding the thickness: 'Delgada' (thin) (6 to 8 'linhas' or 14 to 27 mm) and 'Rolhável' (stoperble) (12 to > 18 linhas or 27 to > 40 mm).
Detailed survival scoring scale
BBCH_64 evaluation
Assessment of the date when 40% of flowers are sexually mature. For flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. For male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen.
Number/area
Calendar year
The minimum value of a list of measured meteo values
Minimal meteo value
BBCH_89 evaluation
Assessment of the date when 90% of the crown fruits are mature (has changed color or is dried and dehiscent or has fallen)
Assessment of the date when all flower bud are dormants
BBCH_50 evaluation
Assessment of the date when at least 10% of the shoots show signs of growth arrest (appearance of morphological markers)
BBCH_40 evaluation
18-trihydroxyoctadecanoic acid
Cork chemical composition in suberin monomores (long-chain alfa, omega-bifunctional fatty acids): Trihydroxyoctadecanoic acid
Mf is the fresh mass, Mt is the turgid mass after rehydrating the leaves and Md is the dry mass after drying the leaves in an oven.
Leaf water content protocol
Survival scoring scale
Protein content in leaves
TPC
Leaf protein content
Drought defects scoring scale
The minimum value of a list of measured or computed values
Minimal value
BBCH_34 evaluation
Assessment of the date when shoots reached 40% of their final size (deducted a posteriori)
Leaf area counting protocol
Counted on a fixed leaf area of 0.182 mm²
Assessment of the number of stomata, the stomata controling the movement of gases in and out of a leaf, making carbon dioxide available for photosynthesis and controlling the loss of water from the leaf through transpiration
Measured at 130cm from the ground (approximately breast height) with a graduated ribbon
Ribbon 130cm protocol
Forking
Notation of the fork appearance
Water content protocol
Water content (WC) measurements were performed according to Levitt, 1980. FW: Fresh weight of plant material was determined at the end of the experiment (day 35). DW: Dry weight (g) was determined after drying plant material at 70°C (until a constant weight was achieved).
Assessment of the date when leaves are coming out of their bud. For broadleaves: the first leaves are spread on about 50% of the crown. For pines: 50% of very elongated buds with first needles coming out or out of the sheath but still tight, as stuck between them. For other conifers: 50% of buds with open-brushed needles.
BBCH_15 evaluation
Maximal value
The maximum value of a list of measured or computed values
Branch diameter scoring scale
Fructification BBCH scoring scale
Growth unit quantity
Assessment of growth units quantity
Observation of the tree growth orientation compared to the soil, imposed by gravity (geotropism). It is plagiotropic if the axis of growth is horizontal and orthotropic if the axis of growth is vertical.
BBCH_13 evaluation
Assessment of the date when leaves are coming out of their bud. For broadleaves: the first leaves are spread on about 30% of the crown. For pines: 30% of very elongated buds with first needles coming out or out of the sheath but still tight, as stuck between them. For other conifers: 30% of buds with open-brushed needles.
Abundance in crown scoring scale
Pore lenght
lenticular channels length
Lenght of the circular discontinuities of the cork plank
Survival scoring scale 2
cm2
mg/cm2
BBCH_37 evaluation
Assessment of the date when shoots reached 70% of their final size (deducted a posteriori)
mg/L
Bark roughness scoring scale
Assessment of the date when the majority of floral buds have emerged from the buds but are closed. For flowers with petals: the majority of flower buds have emerged from the buds and are still closed, but the colour of the petals is visible. For male flowers in catkins: the catkins are at the end of lengthening, the scales begin to move apart. For other flowers: stamens begin to be visible.
BBCH_55 evaluation
Circumference of the tree main stem
Cork age protocol
Assessment of the date when 30% of the fruits reached their 'usual' maximum size, but did not changed color yet
BBCH_73 evaluation