Lentil
Quality traits
Physiological traits
Phenological traits
Morphological traits
Biotic Stress traits
Agronomical traits
Abiotic Stress traits
WintSurv_Comp_ratio
WatLogTol_Calc_ratio
TanTyp_Est_1to3
TerBrchNb_Comp_TerBrch
StoCond_Meas_poromUnit
StBli_Est_1to9
StmWeeRes_Comp_pct
ChlCont_Meas_SPAD
SYPO_Meas_kgm2
SYPL_Meas_g
GrPrtCent_Comp_Ptc
SeedDiam_Meas_mm
SecBrchNb_Calc_SecBrch
SalTol_Est_1to5
RustRes_Est_1to9
RtLngDen_Comp_cmcm3
RtLng_RulMeas_cm
RtLng_WinMeas_cm
PrimBrchNb_Calc_PrimBrch
PrnscTan_Est_1to3
PodWght_Calc_g
PodShg_Est_0to7
PodFillPerd_Count_Day
PodDhsce_Est_1to7
PodBrRes_Comp_perc
PlntArch_Est_1to5
PlntPub_Est_1to3
PlntH_ToLeafMeas_cm
TesPat_Est_1to5
OroRes_Comp_oroPlnt
NbSdpPod_Calc_Sd
NbPodpPed_Calc_Pod
NbPedpPlnt_Calc_Ped
NbPodpPlnt_Calc_Pod
SdMcrNutCont_Meas_Ptc
LodgSuscp_Est_1to7
IrDef_Est_0to8
SdWt_Comp_g
HerbTol_Est_1to5
HghtPod_Est_cm
HeatTol_Cont_nbPod
HarvInx_Comp_ratio
GwthHab_Est_1to5
SdCol_VisClsn_1to6
FusWiRes_Est_1to5
GrthVig_Meas_cm
DrghtTol_Comp_idx
TtoMat_Count_d
Tto1Pod_Count_d
TFlow_CountTo1F_d
DFTFL, DFFL
TFlw_CountTo50Flow_d
DFFL_Meas_Days
DFTFL_Meas_Days
StrProtCont_Meas_Ptc
CotCol_Est_1to3
CookT_Meas_min
CollRotRes_Est_1to9
CoTol_Est_1to5
CanWid_Est_Cm
BruRes_Comp_pct
BranchPat_Est_1to3
BToxRes_Est_1to10
BDef_Est_0to9
BYPL_Meas_gplot
BYPL_Meas_gplnt
AscBltRes_Est_1to9
AphRes_Est_pct
AnthrRes_Est_1to9
Root length measurement - Method
Measured maually using the ruler
Time to flowering
Time elapsed between sowing to flowering
Ratio
Screening method for Winter survival
Plant stand counts recorded after complete emergence of seedlings survived through winter. Divide plant stand count by the number of emerged seedlings
Winter survival
Proportion of the plants emerged prior to winter and survived through winter
Screening method for Water logging tolerance
Root and shoot growth ratio of plants grown under water logged conditions over % of drained controls
Water logging tolerance
Degree of tolerance to waterlogging condition
classification scale
1= Bristle
2= Simple
3= Dichotomous
Tendrils Type - Method
Visual assessment of the type of tendrils
Type of tendril
A qualitative trait discriminating different types of tendrils
Tertiary Branch
Tertiary Branch number - Method
Mean number of tertiary branches from 3 or 5 randomly selected plants at maturity
Tertiary branches number
Number of tertiary branches per plant
Reading of porometer
Stomatal conductance measurment - Method
Measured using a Porometer
Stomatal conductance
It is the measure of the rate of passage of carbon dioxide entering, or water vapour exiting through the stomata of a leaf.
stem weevil damage score
1= 0-10% leaf area infected
7= 51-70% leaf area infected
9= More than 70% leaf area infected
3= 11-30% leaf area infected
5= 31-50% leaf area infected
Screening method for Stemphylium blight resistance
Visual estimation of the resistance to weevil
Stemphylium blight resistance
Degree of resistance to Stemphylium blight disease. Causative agent: Stemphylium botryosum. Small, light-beige lesions apper in the upper canopy. Leaves, pedicels, flowers and branches become necrotic resulting in a characteristic blighted appearance of lentil plants.
Percentage
Screening method for Stem weevil resistance
Nodule damage was assessed in five plants randomly selected from each plot, uprooted with soil to recover most of the root system and then washed in laboratory
Stem weevil resistance
Degree of resistance to stem weevil.Sitona crinitus. Damage seedlings and root nodules
SPAD unit
Chlorophyll content measurement method
Measure using a SPAD chlorophil meter
Chlorophyll content
Proportions that indicate chlorophyll density and/or leaf thickness measured through a SPAD chlorophyll meter.
kg/m2
SYPO measurment method
Yield of seed after drying (Plot basis)
Seed yield per area
Seed yield from a plot
SYPL measurment method
Yield of seeds after drying
Seed yield per plant
Seed yield from a single plant
Grain protein content analysis - Method
Seed nitrogen content which is multiplied by the factor 6.25
Grain protein content
Amount of protein in the seed
Seed diameter - Method
Diameter of fully dried seed is measured using vernier caliper
Seed diameter
Secondary Branch
Secondary Branch number - Method
Mean number of basal secondary branches from 3 or 5 randomly selected plants at maturity
Secondary branches number
Number of basal secondary branches per plant
salinity suceptibility scale
1= Highly tolerant (100% healthy leaves)
4= Susceptible (25% healthy leaves)
5= Highly susceptible (completely dead)
2= Tolerant (75% healthy leaves)
3= Moderately Tolerant (50% healthy leaves)
Screening method for Salinity tolerance
Visual estimation of leaf symptoms
Salinity tolerance
Degree of tolerance to salinity
rust damage score
Screening method for Rust resistance
Quantification of symptoms development in leaves and stems
Rust resistance
Degree of resistance to rust disease. Causative agent : Uromyces viciae-faba. It produces lesions on stems and leaves which result leaf fall and premature plant death
cm cm-3
RLD measurement - method
Calculated using both root length measured and soil volume from where the root comes.
Root length density
The length of roots present in a unit volume of soil
Root length by Winrhizo - Method
Measured through winrhizo software from scanned image files
Root length
Cumulative root length of a sample
Primary branch
Primary Branch number - Method
Mean number of basal primary branches from 3 or 5 randomly selected plants at maturity
Primary branches number
Number of basal primary branches per plant
degree of tendril expression
1= Absent
2= Rudimentary
3= Prominent
Presence of tendrils - Method
Visual observation of the presence and nature of tendrils
Presence of Tendrils
A qualitative trait describing presence of tendrils
Pod Weight - Method
Average weight from 3 or 5 randomly-selected plants at maturity, from a plant grown in the pot or field.
Pod weight
Weight of pods
dropping occurrence score
0= None
7= High
3= Low
5= Medium
Pod shedding - method
Visually assessed after or during harvesting one week after maturity
Pod shedding
Dropping of pods caused by cessation of the peduncle at maturity
day
Pod filing per pod - Method
Counting up the duration of flowering and pod maturing period
Pod filling period
A quantitative trait indicating the time required for pod filling
splitting occurrence score
Pod dehiscence - Method
Visually assessed one week after maturity
Pod dehiscence
Splitting of pods at maturity along its built in line of weakness in order to release seeds
percentage
Screening method for Pod borer resistance
Damage at pod stage measured by counting total pods and damaged pods and calculating proportion of damaged pods
Pod borer resistance
Degree of tolerance to podborer.Helicoverpa armigera. Damage pods and seeds
structure scale
1= Highly branched, bushy
4= moderate to highly branched, semi-tall, subcompact
5= moderate to highly branched, short, subcompact
2= Sparsely branched, tall erect
3= moderately branched, semi-tall erect
Plant Structure - Method
Visual assessment of plant structure
Plant structure
A qualitative trait describing the structure and branching pattern of the plant
Plant artitecture
pubescent intesity score
1= Low pubescence
2= Moderate pubescence
3= High pubescence
Plant pubescence - Method
Visual assessment of the plant pubescence
Plant pubescence
A qualitative trait describing extent of hairiness of the shoot
Plant hairiness
Plant height highest leaf - Method
Height of the plant measured from the ground to the tip of the extended foliage at maturity. Mean plant height (cm) of five representative plants from soil surface measured at the end of flowering
Plant height
Height of the plant
seed coat pattern scale
4= Marbled
5= Complex
2= Dotted
3= Spotted
Pattern of seed testa - method
Visual assessment of the pattern of the seed testa
Pattern of seed testa
A qualitative trait describing the pattern of seed testa
orobranch/lentil plant
Screening method for Orobanche Resistance
1/ Count the number of broomrapes emerged in the four rows of faba bean surrounding each row of lentil plants. 2/ divide the number of broomrapes by the number of lentil plants to compute an average
Orobanche resistance
Plant resistance to Orobanche. Casative agent: Orobanche crenata.
Seed
Number of seed per pod - method
Average number of seeds of 10 dry pods
Number of seeds per pod
A trait indicating number of seeds per pod
Pod
Number of pod per peduncle method
Maximum number of pods per peduncle on 10 representative plants
Number of pods per peduncle
A trait indicating number of pods per peduncle
Peduncle
Number of peduncle per plant - Method
The mean number of peduncles on 10 representative plants
Number of peduncles per plant
A trait indicating total number of peduncles per plant
Number of Pod per Plant - method
Mean number of pods recorded from 10 randomly selected plants at physiological maturity
Number of pods per plant
A trait indicating total number of pods per plant
Micro nutrient content analysis -Method
Using atomic absorption spectrometry
Micro nutrient content
The amount of micro-nutrient including Fe and Zn in the seed
Micro-nutrient content in the grain
lodging incidence score
Lodgind susceptibility assessment - Method
Visually assessed at maturity
Lodging susceptibility
A trait describing status of susceptibilty of genotypes to lodging
iron deficiency score
0=No symptoms of Fe deficiency
3= 30% of plants showing Fe deficiency
4= 40% of plants showing Fe deficiency
1= 10% of plants showing Fe deficiency
2= 20% of plants showing Fe deficiency
7= 70% of plants showing Fe deficiency
8= 80% of plants showing Fe deficiency
5= 50% of plants showing Fe deficiency
6= 60% of plants showing Fe deficiency
Screening method for Iron Deficency
Visual estimation of Fe deficiency
Iron (Fe) deficiency
Deficiency of Iron (Fe) in the plant measured at flowering stage
100 seed weight - Method
Average weight of two samples of 100 randomly chosen seeds
Seed weight
Weight of seeds
herbicide tolerance score
1= Highly tolerant
4= Sensitive
5= Highly sensitive
2= Tolerant
3= Moderately tolerant
Screening method for Herbicide Tolerance
Estimation of the tolerance to herbicide
Herbicide tolerance
The plant ability to resist the toxic effects of herbicides.
Height of the lowest pod - Method
Estimate of the average height above ground of the lowest pod on randomly selected 3 to 5 unlodged plants at harvest
Height of the lowest pod
Height above ground of the lowest pod
Number of pods
Screening method for Heat tolerance
Heat tolerance can be observed by counting number of unfilled or filled pods per plant
Heat tolerance
Degree of tolerance to high temperature
Harvest Index - Method
Grain yield/ (straw yield + grain yield)
Harvest Index
A measurement of crop yield, the weight of the harvested product as a percentage of the total plant weight of a crop
growth habit scale
1= Erect (0-150 from vertical)
4= Spreading (61-800 from vertical)
5= Prostrate (branches flat on the ground)
2= Semi-erect (16-250 from vertical)
3= Semi-spreading (26-600 from vertical)
Growth Habit - Method
Visual observation of the angle of primary branches recorded at mid-pod
Growth habit
A qualitative description of the growth habit of the plant.
Plant growth habit
seed coat colour classes
1= Green
4= Black
5= Pink
2= Grey
3= Brown
6= Yellow
Seed coat color - Method
To be observed on seeds less than three months old
Ground colour of seed testa
A qualitative trait indicating seed coat color.
fusarium wilt damage score
1= Highly resistant
4= Susceptible
5= Highly susceptible
2= Resistant
3= Moderately resistant
Screening method for Fusarium wilt resistance
Proportion of wilted or dead plants per plot were recorded periodically every 3-4 days interval
Fusarium wilt resistance
Degree of resistance to Fusarium wilt disease.Causative organism: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis. Typical symptoms of wilt are first seen as sudden drooping of leaflets starting at the plant top and progressing downward. Leaflets close and do not shed prematurely, turning dull green . Finally the whole plant wilts . Wilting may be unilateral and confined to individual branches. When wilt appears at flowering no seeds are produced.
Early growth vigour - Method
Seedling length after 40-45 days of sowing , which is measured in field
Early growth vigour
A quantitative traits desrcibing the growth of seedlings
Index
Screening method for Drought tolerance
Drought tolerance index is calucated by using the formula of crop yield under drought conditons to the non-drought conditions i.e., 1-[(Ys)/(Yp)]
Drought tolerance
Degree of tolerance to drought stress
Days
Time to maturity - method
Number of days from sowing until 90% of the pods are in golden brown
Time to maturity
A quantitative trait describing the physiological maturity of plant
Time to first pod formation - method
Counting the number of days from sowing to first pod formation
Time to first pod formation
Number of days from sowing to formation of first pod
Time to first flower - method
Number of days from sowing until the first flower started to occur.
Days to first flowering
Number of days from sowing to when first flower started to occur
Time to 50% flowering - method
Number of days from sowing until 50% of the plants are in flower under irrigated condition. In rain-fed conditions, it is counted from first day of rainfall or irrigation, which is sufficient for germination
Days to 50% flowering
Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants have started flowering
Straw protein content analysis - Method
Crude protein analysis in lentil straw
Straw protein content
The amount of protein content in the straw
cotyldeon colour classes
1= Yellow
2= Orange-red
3= Olive-green
Cotyledon Colour - Method
Cotyledon colour
A trait describing the colour of cotyledon
Minutes
Cooking time - Method
Cooking time for dry seed without soaking
Cooking time
Time needed for lentil sample to cook
collar rot damage score
0=No mortality
5=11-20% mortality
1=less than 1% mortality
3=1-10% mortality
9=51% or more mortality
Screening method for Colar resistance
Observation of seedling mortality
Collar rot resistance
Degree of resistance to collar rot. Causative agent: Sclerotium rolfsii.
cold tolerance score
1= No foliar damage
4= 70% of plants showing symptoms to low temperature stress
5= Completely dead
2= 30% of plants showing symptoms to low temperature stress
3= 50% of plants showing symptoms to low temperature stress
Screening method for Cold Tolerance
visual estimation of the proportion of plants showing symptoms of cold stress
Cold tolerance
Tolerance to damage caused to aerial plant parts by cold stress.
Canopy Width - method
Average canopy width of three/five representative plants of an accession.
Canopy width
Width of the canopy
Percentage of bruchid damaged seeds
Screening method for Bruchid Resistance
Proportion of penetrated seeds in a sample of 40 seeds
Bruchid resistance
Degree of resistance to Bruchids.Callosobruchus analis. Damage flowers, pods and seeds
branching pattern scale
1= Erect compact with a narrow branch angle
2= Spreading
3= Intermediate
Branching pattern - method
Visual observation of the branching pattern
Branching pattern
A qualitative trait describing the branching pattern of plant
boron toxicity score
1=No symptoms of B toxicity
4=40% of plants showing foliar damage
5=50% of plants showing foliar damage
2= 20% of plants showing foliar damage
3=30% of plants showing foliar damage
8=80% of plants showing foliar damage
9=90% of plants showing foliar damage
6=60% of plants showing foliar damage
7=70% of plants showing foliar damage
10= Completed dead
Screening method for Boron toxicity tolerance
Quantification of symptoms of boron toxicity in leaves
Boron toxicity tolerance
Degree of tolerance to boron toxicity
boron deficiency score
0=No symptoms of B deficiency
3= 30% of plants showing boron deficiency
4= 40% of plants showing boron deficiency
1= 10% of plants showing boron deficiency
2= 20% of plants showing boron deficiency
7= 70% of plants showing boron deficiency
8= 80% of plants showing boron deficiency
5= 50% of plants showing boron deficiency
6= 60% of plants showing boron deficiency
9 = All plants showing severe stunting and chlorosis
Screening method for Boron Deficiency
Quantification of symptoms development in leaves and stem, measured after six weeks of sowing
Boron deficiency
Deficiency of Boron in the plant
g/plot
Method of measuring BYPO
Yield of dried matured plants in a plot after pulling
Biological yield per area
The total biological yield (seed yield + straw yield) of plants in a plot
g/plant
Method of measuring BYPL
Yield of dried matured plants after pulling
Biological yield per plant
The total biological yield of a plant (seed yield + straw yield)
Ascochyta blight damage score
1=No symptoms
7=Defoliation, extended stem lesions
9= stem girdling and or plant death
3=small flecks or small lesions on leaves and chlorosis at leaf tips
5=Many leaf lesions, leaf drop, stem flecks or small lesions
Visual estimation of Ascochyta blight Resistance
Quantification of infestation rate in leaves and stem
Ascochyta blight resistance
Degree of resistance to Ascochyta blight . Causative agent: Ascochyta lentis (Didymella lentis). The pathogen infects leaves, stems, petioles, pods and seeds. On leaves, young lesions with small necrotic spots of 3-5mm diameter can be found. Reddish brown to black pycnidia from in the middle of the mature lesions. In severe infections, lesions gridle the stem, kill the epidermal and cortical cells and lead to stem breakage. Pods can also be infected and results seed infection. Heavily infected seeds look shrivelled and discoloured with a whitish mycelium and pycnidia.
Screening method for Aphid Resitance
Infestation area was taken and the percentage of area infestated was determined at seven days interval
Aphid resistance
Degree of resistance to Aphids. Acrythosiphon pisum. Suck sap from tender parts of plants and it is the vector of viral diseases.
Anthracnose damage score
1= No lesion
7= Several deep stem lesions, mixture of deep and superficial, partial wilting
9=Deep penetrating lesions coalesce, stem girdling, wilting
3= Few small superficial lesions
5=Few deep lesions, mostly superficial, no stem girdling
Scoring method for Anthracnose resistance
Quantification of symptoms development in leaves and stem
Anthracnose resistance
Degree of resistance to Anthracnose disease. Causative organism: Colletotrichum truncatum. Symptoms develop when plants start to flower. Necrotic lesions can be found on the lower leaflets and cause premature leaf senescence. Symptoms can also be found on stem starting from the base to the top of the plant