InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm2
CIMMYT
INFERTNO_tll_m2
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GLUD1_text
GluD1_M_text
09
Germination, Leaf just at coleoptile tip
LeafLng_M_cm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
LEAFLNG_cm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LeafWid_M_mm
LEAFWID_mm
CIMMYT
AWNLNG _cm
CIMMYT
AwnLng_M_cm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
VgP_calc_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
VEGPERIOD_pct
7
PH_M_cm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PH_cm
FHB_num__SPLINC
FHBSplInc_Ct_SplInfect
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GSize_ScreenMass1_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BSMV_0_9
CIMMYT
BSMV_E_0to9pct
03
Germination, Imbibition complete
resistant to moderately resistance (R-MR)
R-MR
CIMMYT
PSTRI_text
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PstriNote_E_text
HTERE_00_99__SEV
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
HtereSev_E_00to99
WKILL_1_5
CIMMYT
WKill_E_1to5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GRNYLD_g_pl
CIMMYT
GY_M_gPlnt
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LeafR750R550_M_Idx
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FGRAM_00_99__SEV
FgramSev_E_00to99
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TcontInc_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TCONT_pct
CIMMYT
HI_index
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
HI_Calc_Idx
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GY_M_kgPlot
PLOTGRNYLD_kg
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
AVLG_mm
AlvG_M_mm
semi-erect (SE)
SE
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FvLA_M_Idx
CIMMYT
StayGreen_E_1to5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
STAYGREEN_1_5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
ANTDATE
ANTD_yyyymmdd
CIMMYT
ANTD
Ant_date_ymd
Luzie U Wingen
GFILLRATE_thermal_time
GFRTT_Calc_gCday
JIC
SEDINDX_ml_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SedIdx_M_mlpct
CIMMYT
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GSize_ScreenMass3_pct
CIMMYT
SIPI_M_Idx
SIPI_index
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
CIMMYT
CrmStr_E_1to5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CRMSTR_1_5
CIMMYT
GRNCOL_L_value
GCol_M_Lvalue
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
1
CIMMYT
COLDTOL_1_5
ColdTol_E_1to5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GSize_ScreenCount3_pct
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
COLDTOL_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
ColdTol_E_pct
GFPTT_Calc_Cday
JIC
Luzie U Wingen
GFILLPERIOD_thermal_time
FlrFN_M_s
FLRFN _s
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
8
80% coverage
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
STMLNG_cm
StmLng_M_cm
CIMMYT
STRNUP_Calc_kgha
Luzie U Wingen
JIC
GRNRETEN_pct
GReten_M_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
6
intermediate to dense
Hd_date_ymd
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
HEADDATE
CIMMYT
HEADD
HEADD_yyyymmdd
FgramResp_E_0to5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FGRAM_0_5__RESP
CIMMYT
20% plant height affected, 90% coverage
29
3
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LofVol_M_ml
LOFVOL_ml
CIMMYT
EGRAM_1_5__INC
EgramInc_E_1to5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GlmCol_E_1to3
CIMMYT
GLMCOL_1_3
RNDVI_M_Idx
RNDVI_index
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
AwnCol_E_1to6
GrwStg_Zdks_00to99
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
DECODS
GRWSTG_00_99
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FOXYWIL _pct
FoxiWilt_E_pct
FlrProt_Kjl_pct
FLRPROT_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
StrawYld_E_tha
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
EgramInc_E_0to5
EGRAM_0_5__INC
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PGRAM_text
PgramNote_E_text
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
ALUTOL_1_9
AlTol_E_1to9
CIMMYT
medium strong (MS)
MS
70% plant height affected, 60% coverage
76
SPLSPK
SPLSPK_num
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SplN_Ct_SplSpk
spikelets/spike
CIMMYT
INSECTDMG_1_5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
InsectDmg_N_T_S_M_V
InsectDmg_E_1to5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PrecoSev_E_pct
PRECO_pct__SEV
CIMMYT
3
slight (S)
CIMMYT
GRNIRON_mg_kg
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GrnIron_M_mgkg
CIMMYT
FvDA_M_Idx
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FoDA_M_Idx
ARMDMG_pct
ArmyWDmg_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
BM_g_pl
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
BM_M_gPlnt
SR_M_Idx
CIMMYT
SR_index
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FNDD
FNDD_yyyymmdd
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FND_date_ymd
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
ANTDMG_pct
CIMMYT
AntDmg_E_pct
GProt_NIRS_pct
CIMMYT
GRNPROT_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
TTH_Calc_Cday
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
11
10% plant height affected, 10% coverage
HesFlyDmg_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
HESFDMG _pct
CIMMYT
SepSPInc_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
SEPSP_pct__INC
53
Heading, ¼ of head emerged
7
70% anther extrusion
Susceptible (S) - Moderate pycnidial formation, lesions coalescing considerably.
S
StomaFrq_Ct_stomamm2
STMFRQ_num
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
STMFRQ
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
HRDCLS_1_5
GHrd_M_1to5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SEDVTR_1_3
CIMMYT
GVtr_E_1to3
MATD_yyyymmdd
MATD
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Mat_date_ymd
CIMMYT
MATDATE
TTB_Calc_Cday
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FHBSplInc_Calc_Idx
FHB_index__SPLINC
CIMMYT
FROSTDMGP_1_9
FrostDmg_E_1to9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
ColeopLng_M_cm
CIMMYT
COLEOPLNG _cm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GluB3_M_text
CIMMYT
GLUB3_text
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
I
intermediate (M), pustules of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TNO_tll_pl
TN_Ct_TllrPlnt
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GROWTHCLS_1_3
CIMMYT
GrwCls_E_1to3
FlrSDS_M_ml
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FLRSDS_ml
3
medium
spreading (S)
S
HailDmg_E_0to9
CIMMYT
HAILDMG_0_9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BM_M_kgPlot
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BM_kg_plot
CIMMYT
CIMMYT
PH_M_m
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PH_m
GLMPUBDEN _0_9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GlmPubDen_E_0to9
CIMMYT
PSTRI_0_12__SEV
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PstriSev_E_0to12
CIMMYT
GY_Calc_gm2
GRNYLD_g_m2
CIMMYT
GY_gm2
Yld_gm2
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
StrawYld_Calc_tha
Luzie U Wingen
JIC
60
60
4
low to intermediate damage
NupE_Calc_kgkgN
JIC
Luzie U Wingen
CIMMYT
LeafR675_M_Idx
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GSize_ScreenCount2_pct
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
CIMMYT
DroughtTol_E_pct
DROUGHTTOL_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PSTRI_1_9
PstriInc_E_1to9
CIMMYT
GHrd_M_pct
GRNHRD_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
2
good (G)
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
HNECRO_0_1
CIMMYT
HNecro_E_0to1
WMFlrFN_M_s
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
WMFLRFN_s
CIMMYT
CHL_CCI
Chl_M_CCI
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
89
80% plant height affected, 90% coverage
3
Oblong
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GRNPLUMP_1_3
CIMMYT
GPlump_E_1to3
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BM_Calc_tha
CIMMYT
BM_t_ha
S
Susceptible, small dark brown to black centres may or may not be distinguishable, most lesions consist of coalescing chlorotic or tan necrotic zones
CIMMYT
LeafSPI_M_Idx
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
good to very good (G-VG)
8
JIC
Luzie U Wingen
Nitrogen utilisation efficiency
NutE_Calc_kgkgN
NodeNO_Ct_node
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
NODENO _num
CIMMYT
TTIB_Calc_Cday
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FHB_ppm__DON
FHBDON_M_ppm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GRNCOL_1_3
GCol_E_1to3
FrostDmg_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FROSTDMGP_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FHB_pct__SPKINC
CIMMYT
FHBSpkInc_E_pct
GW_M_g100grn
CIMMYT
GW100_g
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
WMFlrAsh_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SEMOPROT _pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
SemoProt_Kjl_pct
3
early to normal (E-N)
CIMMYT
BirdDmg_E_1to5
BIRDDMG_1_5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BirdDmg_N_T_S_M_V
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Amax_M_umolCO2m2s2
CIMMYT
Luzie U Wingen
JIC
GsurfA_M_mm2
GRSA_M_mm2
YELBER_pct
CIMMYT
GYellBer_M_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
S
susceptible (S), large lesions, no necrosis or chlorosis
TANSPOT_1_5__ADLTRESP
CIMMYT
TanSpotResp_E_1to5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
DTE_days
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Days to emergence
Emer_dto_day
DTE
CIMMYT
LODG_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Lodg_E_pct
12
Seedling development , 2 leaves unfolded
GLys_M_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FHBGInc_E_pct
FHB_pct__GRNINC
Moderate
2
LODG_0_9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Lodg_E_0to9pct
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
RSpkGP_Calc_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
StmStrength_E_1to9
CIMMYT
STMSTRENGTH_1_9
Amber
5
50% plant height affected, 60% coverage
56
TGW
TGW_g
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GW_M_g1000grn
TKW
THOUWT
CIMMYT
65
60% plant height affected, 50% coverage
SuPDmg_E_1to5
CIMMYT
SUPDMG _1_5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LeafTR_M_mmolH2Om2s1
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
red
R
0
No symptom of sharp eyespot
2
40% coverage
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SROLF_1_8
SrolfResp_E_1to8
SPKDEN_1_9
SpkDen_E_1to9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
StrawCol_E_1to6
ISBM_M_gPlot
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
ISBM_g_plot
CIMMYT
FlrCol_M_bvalue
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FLRCOL_b_value
S
soft (S, >55)
RootDis_E_1to5
RootDis_N_T_S_M_V
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
ROOTDIS_1_5
80% plant height affected, 20% coverage
82
1
1% (0.37% occupied by uredia)
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LI_M_pct
CIMMYT
2
sparse
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
StritInc_E_pct
CIMMYT
STRIT_pct__INC
STEMWSC_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
StmWSC_M_pct
ALVL_mm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
AlvL_M_mm
FE_Calc_Idx
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
61
60% plant height affected, 10% coverage
NUE_Calc_kgkgN
Nitrogen use efficiency
JIC
Luzie U Wingen
vitreous (V)
V
CIMMYT
BMPR_Calc_gm2day
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FHB_pct__AUDPC
FHBAUDPC_Calc_pct
SawflyDmg_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
CPYGM_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GHrd_M_1to3
CIMMYT
HRDCLS_1_3
CIMMYT
PLNTSTND_pl_m
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PlntStnd_Ct_Plntm
PNEGLE_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PnegleDmg_E_pct
CIMMYT
9
highly tolerant
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
CGR_Calc_gm2day
GGTRI_pct__INC
CIMMYT
GgtriInc_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
RcereInc_E_0to9
CIMMYT
RCERE_0_9
50% plant height affected, 70% coverage
57
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LeafPSSRb_M_Idx
CIMMYT
34
Stem elongation or jointing, 4th node detectable
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GLUTYP_1_5
GluTyp_E_1to5
CIMMYT
ErlVig_E_1to5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
ERLVIG_1_5
NWI3_index
NWI3_M_Idx
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
LEAFGLAU_1_5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LeafGlau_E_1to5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
WtrLoggDmg_E_0to9
H2ODMG _0_9
98
90% plant height affected, 80% coverage
DTDR
DR
CIMMYT
DTDR_days
DRidge_dto_day
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
4
normal, similar to local check (N)
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
VEGPERIOD_days
CIMMYT
VgP_calc_day
HsatiLSev_E_00to99
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
HSATIL_00_99__SEV
CIMMYT
SEPSP_0_5__RESP
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SepSpResp_E_0to5
CIMMYT
CIMMYT
RsecaSev_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
HGRAM_pct
HgramInc_E_pct
Tillering, Main shoot and 2 Tillers
22
1
hollow
4
tolerant
DAYSMT
Mat_dto_day
CIMMYT
MAT
DTM_days
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
DTM
PstriCI_Calc_pct
PSTRI_pct__CI
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FnivLBInc_E_pct
FNIVLB_pct__INC
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PGRAM_pct__CI
PgramCI_Calc_pct
TTRIT _pct__INC
TtritInc_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PGRAM_0_8__SEEDRESP
PgramSdlgResp_E_0to8
I
immune
UtritInc_E_1to9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
UTRIT_1_9__INC
RARSc_index
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
RARSc_M_Idx
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
ALVP_mm
AlvP_M_mm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FrostDmg_E_0to9
CIMMYT
FROSTDMGP_0_9
P
purple
CIMMYT
MIXTIM_min
MixTim_M_min
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Clavate
4
I
intermediate (M), lesions of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PSTRI_pct__SPKSEV
PstriSpkSev_E_pct
WKill_E_0to9
WKILL_0_9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PrecoResp_E_0to4
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PRECO_0_4__RESP
CIMMYT
S
soft (S, >55)
PRECO_1_4__RESP
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PrecoResp_E_1to4
GSize_ScreenCount1_pct
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GrwHabit_E_1to5
GHABIT_1_5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
WMFLRSDS_ml
CIMMYT
WMFlrSDS_M_ml
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
TANSPOT_pct
TanSpotInc_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
YLDFAC_num
GYFac_Calc_num
CIMMYT
RUET_Calc_gMJ
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GRNSPL_num
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GRNSPL
grains/spikelet
CIMMYT
GrnSpl_Calc_GrnSpl
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
LeafR550_M_Idx
grains/spike
CIMMYT
GRNSPK
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GRNSPK_num
GrnSpk_Calc_GrnSpk
INFERTNO_tll_m
InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
S
susceptible (S), 21 to 50 % of infection
32
30% plant height affected, 20% coverage
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
StmDia_M_mm
CIMMYT
STMDIA_mm
PgramSev_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PGRAM_pct__SEV
CIMMYT
PRI_index
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PRI_M_Idx
CIMMYT
RODDMG_pct
RodentDmg_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
white
W
GRNYLD_kg_ha
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GY_Calc_kgha
Yld_kgha
GY_kgha
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
REPPERIOD_days
CIMMYT
RepP_Calc_day
30
30% (11.1% occupied by uredia)
CIMMYT
TllrGW_M_g
Rosemary Shrestha
very hard (VH)
VH
20% plants with broken straw
2
MS-S
moderately susceptible to susceptible (MS-S)
NWI2_M_Idx
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
NWI2_index
CIMMYT
30% plant height affected, 90% coverage
39
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
StmWSC_Atrone_pct
CIMMYT
SGNDmg_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
ATRITDMG _pct
CIMMYT
0
no visible infection (0)
CIMMYT
ACDTOL _1_5
AcdTol_E_1to5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LEAFTNECR _pct
CIMMYT
LeafTNecro_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
EgramInc_E_pct
EGRAM_pct__INC
CIMMYT
CIMMYT
GRNDCOV_pct
GrndCov_M_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
AGRSCR_1_5
AgrScr_E_1to5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
CIMMYT
ALVPG_index
AlvPG_Calc_Idx
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
LeafPubLng_M_um
LEAFPUBLNG _um
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
very susceptible
VS
CT_C
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CT_M_C
CIMMYT
HAVEN_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
HavenDmg_E_pct
No breakage
1
GLMGLAU_0_9
GlmGlau_E_0to9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
CIMMYT
WKILL_pct
WKill_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GRNFibre_pct
JIC
Luzie U Wingen
GFibre_NIRS_pct
very tall (VT)
VT
moderate
5
RLNDmg_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
RLESDMG_pct
very susceptible (VS), > 50 % of infection
VS
1
10% coverage
No visible affection
0
FLRCOL_L_value
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FlrCol_M_Lvalue
StritResp_E_0to5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
STRIT_0_5__RESP
19
10% plant height affected, 90% coverage
erect (E)
E
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SLA_M_m2kg1
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FgramSev_E_pct
45
Booting, Boot swollen
Tillering, Main shoot and 7 Tillers
27
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GNDVI_M_Idx
GNDVI_index
CIMMYT
EDATE
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Emer_date_ymd
Emergence date
EMERDATE
EMERD_yyyymmdd
CIMMYT
EMERD
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GFILLPERIOD_days
GFP_calc_day
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FNIVLB_00_99__SEV
FnivLBSev_E_00to99
CIMMYT
8
80% plants with broken straw
CIMMYT
SepSpResp_E_1to5
SEPSP_1_5__RESP
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PrecoSdlgResp_E_0to8
PRECO_0_8__SEEDRESP
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
R
red
87
Dough development, Hard dough (thumbnail impression held)
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GPhos_M_mgkg
CIMMYT
GRNPHOS_mg_kg
16
10% plant height affected, 60% coverage
90% plant height affected, 40% coverage
94
6
one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 4/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened
AgrScr_E_0to9
AGRSCR_0_9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
0% (no uredia)
0
TilSpSpkInc_E_pct
CIMMYT
TILSP_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FLeafLWid_M_mm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
6
moderate to high
light moderate
LM
0
4
80% coverage
CIMMYT
PSTRI_1_8__ADLTRESP
PstriResp_E_1to8
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
40
40
GY_M_gPlot
CIMMYT
PLOTGRNYLD_g
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LeafPSSRa_M_Idx
STMSIZ _um
StomaSiz_M_um
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
AlvW_M_joules
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
ALVW_joules
Mat_relat_1to5
CIMMYT
RELTMT_1_5
RELTMT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
RSOLA_0_9
RsolaInc_E_0to9pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Seedling development , 7 leaves unfolded
17
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
SproutTol_E_1to9
SPROUTTOL _1_9
6
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SPKLNG_cm
CIMMYT
SpkLng_M_cm
CIMMYT
PHORD_pct__CI
PhordCI_Calc_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LEAFTHK_mm
CIMMYT
LeafThk_M_um
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
acronym
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PRECO_0_12__SEV
PrecoSev_E_0to12
WMFLRCOL_a_value
WMFlrCol_M_avalue
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
CIMMYT
FoliarDis_N_T_S_M_V
FOLDIS_1_5
FolDis_E_1to5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
15
Seedling development , 5 leaves unfolded
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TINDI_pct
CIMMYT
TindiInc_E_pct
PstriResp_E_0to9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PSTRI_0_9__RESP
92
90% plant height affected, 20% coverage
6
Stem elongation or jointing, 1st node detectable
31
4
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Threshblty_E_1to9
CIMMYT
THRESHBLTY_1_9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GLUB1_text
CIMMYT
GluB1_M_text
ForgDM_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
1
Good
1
very early (VE)
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LeafPI_M_Idx
GStarch_NIRS_pct
JIC
Luzie U Wingen
GRNStarch_pct
very severe (V)
5
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GSize_ScreenCount6_pct
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GSize_ScreenCount4_pct
CIMMYT
SNAILDMG_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
SnailDmg_E_pct
CIMMYT
GERM_pct
GermiTest_pct
Germ_M_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
71
Kernel and milk development, Kernel watery ripe (clear liquid)
dense to very dense
8
none
1
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PrecoCI_Calc_pct
PRECO_pct__CI
ISBM_t_ha
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
ISBM_Calc_tha
CIMMYT
very late (VL)
VL
PLNTVIG_1_5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PlntVig_E_1to5
37
30% plant height affected, 70% coverage
CIMMYT
Asat_M_umolCO2m2s1
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GSize_ScreenMass4_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
StmCol_E_1to6
CIMMYT
DNOXI_pct
DnoxiDmg_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FND_dto_day
DTFND
DTFND_days
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FND
CIMMYT
SNO_spk_m
SN_M_Spksm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FHB_0_5__SPKRESP
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FHBSpkResp_E_0to5
moderate
M
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
EgramInc_E_1to9
EGRAM_1_9__INC
CIMMYT
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GThk_M_mm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
UagroResp_E_1to8
UAGRO_1_8__RESP
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SNODO_pct__INC
CIMMYT
SnodoInc_E_pct
Seedling development , First leaf emerged
10
Nitrogen harvest index
JIC
NHI_Calc_pct
Luzie U Wingen
6
intermediate to moderate
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
RELTMT
RELTMT_1_6
CIMMYT
Mat_relat_1to6
SEMOPROT _pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
SemoProt_NIRS_pct
Rosemary Shrestha
GrnTllr_Calc_GrnTllr
CIMMYT
PthornDmg_E_pct
PTHORN_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
CIMMYT
SpkPI_Calc_Idx
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
mid-strong
2
I
immune (0), no uredinia or other macroscopic sign of infection
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
COKSDF_index
CIMMYT
CookSdF_M_Idx
CIMMYT
FHBSpkWt_Calc_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FHB_pct__SPKW
FvLAFmLA_M_Idx
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
6
60% plants with broken straw
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Wsurv_E_pct
CIMMYT
HgramInc_E_0to9pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
HGRAM_0_9
WI_index
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
WI_M_Idx
CIMMYT
90
90
InsectDmg_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
INSECTDMG_pct
BM_Calc_gm2
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BM_g_m2
CIMMYT
JIC
Luzie U Wingen
GNUP_Calc_kgha
CIMMYT
HelSpSev_E_00to99
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
HELSP_00_99
awnletted (short)
3
dense
4
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Lodg_E_1to9
CIMMYT
LODG_1_9
0
no visible infection (0)
shrivelled (SH)
1
40% plant height affected, 80% coverage
48
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
EGRAM_00_99__SEV
EgramSev_E_00to99
very dense
9
FLRYLD
FlrYld_M_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FLRYD
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
WMFlrCol_M_bvalue
CIMMYT
WMFLRCOL_b_value
BMNUE_Calc_kgkgN
Luzie U Wingen
JIC
PhordSev_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PHORD_pct__SEV
very resistant, small uredinia surrounded by necrosis (1)
1
JIC
Luzie U Wingen
BMNUP_Calc_kgha
30
30
Ripening, Kernel hard (difficult to divide, 16% water)
91
6
50% plant height affected, 50% coverage
55
TSpl_dto_day
DTTS_days
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
DTTS
CIMMYT
SEMOCOL_b_value
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SemoCol_M_bvalue
CIMMYT
weak
1
NBREAK_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
NeckBreak_E_pct
late (L)
L
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Anet_M_umolCO2m2s2
CIMMYT
Ripening, Secondary dormancy lost
99
low to moderate
4
CIMMYT
GSize_ScreenMass6_pct
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Bhoja Basnet, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
AnthExt_E_pct
TESTWT_g_l
TestWt_M_gl
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
CIMMYT
FoLA_M_Idx
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
RARSb_M_Idx
RARSb_index
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
CiCa_M_Idx
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LeafCID_M_delta13C
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
LEAVESCID_delta
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GW_M_g200grn
GW200_g
facultative (intermediate)
I
85
80% plant height affected, 50% coverage
61
Flowering or anthesis, Start of flowering
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TN_Ct_Tllrm
CIMMYT
TNO_tll_m
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FmLA_M_Idx
CIMMYT
BMNUtE_Calc_kgkgN
JIC
Luzie U Wingen
14
Seedling development , 4 leaves unfolded
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
StdEst_E_1to3
4
moderate (M)
TTM_calc_Cday
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
CIMMYT
GGTRI_1_5_INC
GgtriInc_E_1to5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PrecoNote_E_text
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PRECO_text
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
SpkGW_M_g
GRNPROT_pct
GProt_Kjl_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
R
resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
APHDMG_1_5
CIMMYT
AphDmg_E_1to5
S
susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis
2
red to brown
40% plant height affected, 90% coverage
49
SPKDIS_1_5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
SpkDis_N_T_S_M_V
SpkDis_E_1to5
Tillering, Main shoot and 1 Tiller
21
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GZinc_M_mgkg
CIMMYT
GRNZINC_mg_kg
Immune (Imm) - No pycnidial formation, no symptoms or occasional hypersensitive fleck.
Imm
fair (F)
5
5
leaf is severely rolled
CIMMYT
HtereSev_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
90% plant height affected, 60% coverage
96
CIMMYT
PhordSev_E_0to12
PHORD_0_12__SEV
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
9
90% plants with broken straw
Stem elongation or jointing, Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible
39
CROPGRWRATE_g_m2_day
CropGrwRate_Calc_gm2day
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Booting, Flag leaf sheath opening
47
CIMMYT
GLUCON_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FLRGluCon_M_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
BirdDmg_E_pct
BIRDDMG_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
RachLng_M_mm
CIMMYT
TllrCAPACITY_1_5
CIMMYT
TllrCapacity_E_1to5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
moderate (M)
M
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GRNCOL_a_value
CIMMYT
GCol_M_avalue
9
head prematurely ripened (whitehead) or plant collapsed with sharp eyespot lesions on the stem, or shoot killed as the ear emerges from the sheath with sharp eyespot lesions on the shoot
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BLBSev_E_pct
CIMMYT
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Fs_M_Idx
Boot_date_ymd
BOOTD_yyyymmdd
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BOOTDATE
CIMMYT
BOOTD
CIMMYT
PH_E_1to5
RELTPH_1_5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GLng_M_mm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
DTB_days
BOOT
Boot_dto_day
DTB
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
BM_g_plot
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
BM_M_gPlot
STMCOND_mmol_m2_s
CIMMYT
StomaCond_M_mmolm2s
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LAI_index
LAI_Calc_Idx
CIMMYT
CTD_C
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CTD_Calc_C
BLB_00_99__SEV
CIMMYT
BLBSev_E_00to99
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas
MR
WMFlrYellPig_M_ppm
WMFLRYELPIG_ppm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
CIMMYT
UtritInc_E_pct
UTRIT_pct__INC
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
light moderate susceptible
LMS
5
fair to good (F-G)
weak-tenacious (WT)
WT
6
Mixed
64
60% plant height affected, 40% coverage
59
Heading, Emergence of head complete
CIMMYT
SaltTol_E_1to9
SALTOL _1_9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SN_Calc_Spksm2
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SNO_spk_m2
CIMMYT
5
severe
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PSTRI_0_8__SEEDRESP
PstriSdlgResp_E_0to8
80% anther extrusion
8
FlrCol_M_avalue
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FLRCOL_a_value
CIMMYT
78
70% plant height affected, 80% coverage
Wheat ontology
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GAmyloPec_M_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
AphDmg_E_pct
CIMMYT
APHDMG_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TSpl_date_ymd
TSD_yyyymmdd
CIMMYT
TSD
ATRIT _1_8__RESP
AtritResp_E_1to8
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
low
3
1
very poor (VP)
3
very good (VG)
46
40% plant height affected, 60% coverage
weak (W)
W
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
NDVI_index
NDVI_M_Idx
IBD_yyyymmdd
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Boot_dateInit_ymd
CIMMYT
IBD
15
10% plant height affected, 50% coverage
40% anther extrusion
4
2
Branched
35
30% plant height affected, 50% coverage
8
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
RELTHD_1_5
CIMMYT
RELTHD
Hd_relat_1to5
GNO
GN_Calc_Grnm2
GNO_grains_m2
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
kernel/m2
CIMMYT
GM2
grains/m2
KNO
GFILLRATE
GFR_Calc_gday
Luzie U Wingen
JIC
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FmDA_M_Idx
stem softened with sharp eyespot lesions on the stem
8
P
purple
PEDLNG _cm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PedLng_M_cm
CIMMYT
HerbDmg_N_T_S_M_V
HERBDMG_1_5
HerbicideDmg_E_1to5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
ISBM_kg_plot
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
ISBM_M_kgPlot
2
very low to low
CIMMYT
StmWSC_NIR_pct
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
4
Germination, Water uptake (imbibition) started
01
SBMV_0_9
SBMVInc_E_0to9pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
3
lax
CIMMYT
FlrYellCls_M_1to3
FLRYELLCLS_1_3
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GRNCOL_1_5
GCol_E_1to5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
fair to good (F-G)
6
LODG_1_5
CIMMYT
Lodg_E_1to5
LodgInc_N_T_S_M_V
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
AWNS_0_1
Awns_E_0to1
JIC
Luzie U Wingen
25
20% plant height affected, 50% coverage
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
NPQI_M_Idx
NPQI_index
none
1
white
1
REPPERIOD_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
RepP_Calc_pct
CIMMYT
InfertSpkN_Ct_SplSpk
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
ALVPL_index
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
AlvPL_Calc_Idx
CIMMYT
HTERE_pct__INC
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
HtereInc_E_pct
CIMMYT
MR-MS
Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded by a distinct chlorotic or tan necrosis
2
highly susceptible to susceptible
CIMMYT
ISBM_Calc_kgha
ISBM_kg_ha
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
trace (T)
2
PedGlau_E_0to9
PEDGLAU_0_9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
3
sparse
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FROSTDMG_1_5__SPK
CIMMYT
FrostDmg_N_T_S_M_V
FrostDmg_E_1to5
moderately susceptible to moderately tolerant
6
4
40% plants with broken straw
RSECA_00_99__SEV
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
RsecaSev_E_00to99
CIMMYT
99
90% plant height affected, 90% coverage
CIMMYT
GRNSCREEN_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GScreen_M_pct
Tillering, Main shoot and 4 Tillers
24
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
DRD
DRD_yyyymmdd
DRidge_date_ymd
50
50
PlntStnd_Calc_Plntha
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PLNTSTND_pl_ha
CIMMYT
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GSize_ScreenMass2_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SEPSP_00_99__SEV
CIMMYT
SepSpSev_E_00to99
58
50% plant height affected, 80% coverage
7
dense
GSize_ScreenCount5_pct
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
3
medium
BYDInc_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BYD_pct
CIMMYT
CIMMYT
PGRAM_1_8__ADLTRESP
PgramResp_E_1to8
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GHrd_M_1to4
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
HRDCLS_1_4
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GCol_M_bvalue
GRNCOL_b_value
CIMMYT
FLeafLLng_M_cm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FLEAFA _cm2
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FLeafA_M_cm2
CIMMYT
2
very lax to lax
CIMMYT
PlntStnd_Calc_Plntm2
PLNTSTND_pl_m2
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
2
20% anther extrusion
6
intermadiate to dense
AGBMNitr_M_pct
Luzie U Wingen
JIC
4
susceptible to moderately susceptible
GY_PctChk_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
YLDCHECK_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PEDPBD_0_9
PedPubDen_E_0to9
PV
partly vitreous (PV)
0
insensitive
PhotopResp_E_1to9
PHOTORESPO_1_9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
CIMMYT
RootRot_E_0to9pct
ROOTROT_0_9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Hd_dto_day
DTH_days
CIMMYT
DTH
HEAD
DAYSHD
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FLEAFSEN_pct
CIMMYT
FLeafSen_E_pct
94
Ripening, Overripe, straw dead and collapsing
moderately susceptible (MS), 12 to 20 % of infection
MS
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SpkDW_Calc_gm2
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Awns_E_0to9
AWNS_0_9
MIXTYP_1_6
MixTyp_E_1to6
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
low
3
No visible affection
0
T1BL1RS_M_0to1
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
T1BL1RS_0_1
PgramSev_E_0to12
CIMMYT
PGRAM_0_12__SEV
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
RARSa_index
RARSa_M_Idx
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FHBSpkResp_E_1to8
FHB_1_8__SPKRESP
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
CIMMYT
BLKPT_0_9
BlkPtInc_E_0to9pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SpkSterility_Calc_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
STERIND_pct
CIMMYT
TESTWT_kg_hl
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TestWt_M_kghl
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FLRPROT_pct
FlrProt_NIRS_pct
GCID_M_delta13C
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GRAINCID_delta
HI_pct
CIMMYT
HI_Calc_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
RUE_Calc_gMJ
CIMMYT
80% plant height affected, 40% coverage
84
49
Booting, First awns visible
4
lax to intermediate
TanSpotSdlgResp_E_0to5
TANSPOT_0_5__SEEDRESP
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GY_tha
Yld_tha
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GRNYLD_t_ha
GY_Calc_tha
FvDAFmDA_M_Idx
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Flowering or anthesis, Flowering half complete
65
BM_Calc_kgha
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BM_kg_ha
CIMMYT
90% plant height affected, 30% coverage
93
20% coverage
1
StrawBreak_E_1to9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TSPI_M_Idx
CIMMYT
5
severe
28
Tillering, Main shoot and 8 Tillers
CIMMYT
StmSol_E_1to3
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
STMSOL_1_3
StmWallThk_M_um
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
STMTHK_um
CIMMYT
WMFLRCOL_L_value
CIMMYT
WMFlrCol_M_Lvalue
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Ant_dto_day
ANT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
DTA_days
CIMMYT
DAYSAN
2
moderately resistant, small to medium uredinia often surrounded by Chlorosis or necrosis, green island may be surrounded by chlorotic or necrotic border (2)
Ci_M_umolCO2mol1
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
5
one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 3/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened
BLKPT_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BlkPtInc_E_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
DroughtTol_E_1to5
DROUGHTTOL_1_5
CIMMYT
NWI4_index
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
NWI4_M_Idx
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FGRAM_pct__INC
FgramInc_E_pct
CIMMYT
30% plant height affected, 10% coverage
31
9
GRNSIZE_1_3
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GSize_E_1to3
immune (I), 0 % of infection
I
TN_Ct_Tllrm2
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
TNO_tll_m2
very high
8
intermediate
3
PhiCO2_M_Idx
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
7
dense
53
50% plant height affected, 30% coverage
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
SemoYellPig_M_ppm
SEMOYELPIG_ppm
100% coverage
5
R
resistant (R), 1 to 8 % of infection
50
50% (18.5% occupied by uredia)
1
3
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
DTIB
Boot_dtoInit_day
CIMMYT
DTIB_days
CIMMYT
Bhoja Basnet, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
AnthExt_E_0to9
4
good (G)
8
dense to very dense
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PhordInc_E_1to9
CIMMYT
PHORD_1_9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PSTRI_pct__SEV
PstriSev_E_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
ISBM_E_1to5
CIMMYT
70% plant height affected, 20% coverage
72
,
nearly immune, no uredinia, but hypersensitive necrotic or chlorotic flecks present (,)
CIMMYT
GLUA3_text
GluA3_M_text
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Stem elongation or jointing, Flag leaf just visible
37
CIMMYT
GRNAPP_0_9
GApp_E_0to9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
P
Prostrate (P)
GSize_ScreenMass5_pct
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LRollInc_E_pct
CIMMYT
44
40% plant height affected, 40% coverage
2
low
W
winter
85
Dough development, Soft dough (firm, thumbnail mark not held)
91
90% plant height affected, 10% coverage
MH
medium hard (MH)
STRNitr_NIRS_pct
Luzie U Wingen
JIC
BTol_E_1to9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
BORONTOL_1_9
intermediate
5
resistant to moderately resistance (R-MR)
R-MR
poor to fair (P-F)
4
70% plant height affected, 30% coverage
73
3
large
CIMMYT
MixTq_M_pctmin
MIXTQ_pct_min
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
75
70% plant height affected, 50% coverage
Lodg_E_0to5pct
CIMMYT
LODG_0_5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
5
5% (1.85% occupied by uredia)
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GWid_M_mm
LeafPubDen_E_0to9
LEAFPUBDEN_0_9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
10% plant height affected, 20% coverage
12
86
80% plant height affected, 60% coverage
PlntStnd_Ct_PlntPlot
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PLNTSTND_pl_plot
low
3
severe
9
S
susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis
small
1
CIMMYT
SpkTyp_E_1to6
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
ETR_M_?molm2s1
CIMMYT
1
none (N)
CIMMYT
LEAFGLAU_0_9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LeafGlau_E_0to9
STMRES_s_m
StomaRes_M_sm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
70% (25.9% occupied by uredia)
70
Tillering, Main shoot and 3 Tillers
23
20% plant height affected, 80% coverage
28
60% coverage
6
70
70
poor (P)
2
Heading, ½ of head emerged
55
high
4
Luzie U Wingen
GRN_pct
GNitr_NIRS_pct
JIC
one or more sharp eyespot lesions on upper (as well as lower) sheaths but no symptoms on the stem
2
S
soft (S)
GluA1_M_text
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GLUA1_text
CIMMYT
CIMMYT
GLMLNG_mm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GlmLng_M_mm
20
20
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
SHATTERING_pct
Shattering_E_pct
51
Heading, First spikelet of head visible
early (E)
2
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
TLAEV_pct__INC
TlaevInc_E_pct
CIMMYT
PhiPS2_M_Idx
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GFILLPERIOD_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GFP_calc_pct
13
Seedling development , 3 leaves unfolded
2
very low
2
light-yellow (b
GLUD3_text
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GluD3_M_text
susceptible
3
semi-hard (SH, 45-50)
SH
Kernel and milk development, Late milk (more solids in milk)
77
high
9
MS
moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible
80% (29.6% occupied by uredia)
80
moderately resistant
MR
CIMMYT
TTTS_Calc_Cday
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Tillering, Main shoot and 5 Tillers
25
52
50% plant height affected, 20% coverage
AGRSCR_1_9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
AgrScr_E_1to9
2
Red
HEATTTOL_1_5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
HeatTol_E_1to5
Z
Heterogeneous, ordered distribution of variable-sized uredinia, with larger uredinia at leaf base (Z)
1
29
Tillering, Main shoot and 9 or more Tillers 89 Late hard dough (difficult to dent)
Resistant, small dark brown to black spots without any surrounding chlorosis or tan necrosis
R
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PrecoResp_E_1to8
CIMMYT
PRECO_1_8__ADLTRESP
5
moderately susceptible, medium-sized uredinia that may be associated with chlorosis (3)
3
Seedling development , 8 leaves unfolded
18
PRECO_1_9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PrecoInc_E_1to9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
ISBM_g_m2
CIMMYT
ISBM_Calc_gm2
E
early (E)
one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 5/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened
7
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
HAILDMG_1_5
CIMMYT
HailDmg_N_T_S_M_V
HailDmg_E_1to5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LRollSev_E_1to5
CIMMYT
intermediate damage
5
Tillering, Main shoot only
20
8
tolerant
Seedling development , First leaf unfolded
11
5
Elliptical
S
susceptible
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
MgrisSev_E_pct
none
1
late (L)
5
5
very dense
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TanSpotSev_E_00to99
CIMMYT
TANSPOT_00_99__SEV
CIMMYT
BLSSev_E_00to99
BLS_00_99
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
resistant
R
3
purple to black
81
Dough development, Very early dough (slides when crushed)
60% plant height affected, 70% coverage
67
19
Seedling development , 9 or more leaves unfolded
very lax
1
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PherpResp_E_1to8
PHPRP_1_8__RESP
70% plant height affected, 70% coverage
77
3
low damage
very good (VG)
5
VE
very early (VE)
GMoi_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GRNH20_pct
moderately tolerant
7
60% plant height affected, 90% coverage
69
Luzie U Wingen
JIC
GPD_Calc_pct
70% plant height affected, 90% coverage
79
20% plant height affected, 60% coverage
26
awnless
0
50% plants with broken straw
5
resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules
R
7
awned (conspicuous)
1
White
80% plant height affected, 10% coverage
81
30% coverage
3
STRIT_00_99__SEV
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
StritSev_E_00to99
Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded by a distinct chlorotic or tan necrosis
MR-MS
2
35
Stem elongation or jointing, 5th node detectable
2
poor (P)
GYPR_Calc_gm2day
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
H
hard (H, <45)
92
Ripening, Kernel hard (not dented by thumbnail)
50% plant height affected, 10% coverage
51
not vitreous (NV)
NV
W
white
medium to high
6
1
white (b<12.5)
HsatiLInc_E_pct
HSATIL_pct__INC
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Poor
3
H
hard (H)
22
20% plant height affected, 20% coverage
32
Stem elongation or jointing, 2nd node detectable
63
60% plant height affected, 30% coverage
Moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded with chlorotic or tan necrostic zones, some of the lesions coalescing
MS
MS
moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible
leaf rim starts to roll
2
3
yellow (b>15)
5
intermediate
CIMMYT
SpkPho_Textile_pct
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
73
Kernel and milk development, Early milk (liquid off -white)
1
highly susceptible
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
StrawStn_E_1to3
CIMMYT
VR
very resistant (VR), average pycnidial density of 0-5%
1
very poor to poor (VP-P)
MS
moderately Susceptible (MS), medium-sized lesions, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible
one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 2/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened
4
4
low to medium
highly tolerant
5
CIMMYT
NWI1_M_Idx
NWI1_index
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
H
hard (H, <45)
40% (14.8% occupied by uredia)
40
9
S
short (S)
solid
3
1
present
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
AlvIe_Calc_pct
CIMMYT
ALVIe_pct
40% coverage
4
Germination, Coleoptile emerged from seed
07
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GLMPUBLNG_um
GlmPubLng_M_um
trace
1
S
spring
80% plant height affected, 80% coverage
88
good to very good (G-VG)
7
moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas
MR
Resistant, small dark brown to black spots without any surrounding chlorosis or tan necrosis
R
20% plant height affected, 70% coverage
27
absent
0
attribute
30% plant height affected, 40% coverage
34
MS
moderate susceptible
No anther extrusion
0
1
very low
X
heterogeneous, random distribution of variable-sized uredinia on single leaf (X)
entity
4
low to intermediate
VR
very resistance
0
very poor (VP)
moderately resistant (MR), small lesions surrounded by necrotic areas
MR
41
40% plant height affected, 10% coverage
7
moderate
very high damage
9
high damage
7
moderately susceptible
5
2
intermediate
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
WormDmg_E_pct
WORMDMG_pct
CIMMYT
100% (37% occupied by uredia)
100
0
No visible infection on plants
very low
1
05
Germination, Radicle emerged from seed
S
Strong (S)
10% plant height affected, 70% coverage
17
5
30% anther extrusion
3
2
susceptible
MS
Moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded with chlorotic or tan necrostic zones, some of the lesions coalescing
CIMMYT
TTA_Calc_Cday
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BYDInc_E_0to9pct
BYD_0_9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Mixed
6
strong
3
One or more sharp eyespot lesions on lower sheaths but no symptoms on the stem
1
very short (VS)
VS
2
very low damage
leaf has shape of a V
3
GlmWid_M_mm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GLMWID_mm
CIMMYT
9
>90% anther extrusion
red/white
R/W
2
very sparse to sparse
80
80
3
60% coverage
excellent (E)
9
LeafR750R700_M_Idx
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
semi-hard (SH, 45-55)
SH
poor to fair (P-F)
3
Stem elongation or jointing, 6th node detectable
36
70% plants with broken straw
7
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GRNDCOV_pct__GS15
GrndCov_GS15_pct
0
absent
high
7
8
high to very high damage
70% plant height affected, 10% coverage
71
50% anther extrusion
5
9
very high
90% plant height affected, 70% coverage
97
14
10% plant height affected, 40% coverage
10
10
1
very sparse
intermediate
5
3
fair (F)
42
40% plant height affected, 20% coverage
intermediate
3
4
4
Purple
87
80% plant height affected, 70% coverage
resistant (R), average pycnidial density of 5-15%
R
absent
1
69
Flowering or anthesis, Flowering complete
Highly Resistant (HR) - No or only occasional isolated pycnidia formed, particularly in older leaf tissue, hypersensitive flecking in younger leaf tissue.
HR
40% plant height affected, 70% coverage
47
20% coverage
2
Tillering, Main shoot and 6 Tillers
26
3
Black
4
high
susceptible (S), pycnidial density greater than 40%
S
W/R
white/red
10% (3.7% occupied by uredia)
10
8
very good (VG)
30% plant height affected, 60% coverage
36
medium
2
highly susceptible
1
40% plant height affected, 50% coverage
45
20% plant height affected, 30% coverage
23
5
50% coverage
50% plant height affected, 40% coverage
54
0
no damage
9
very good (VG)
75
Kernel and milk development, Medium milk (milky liquid)
18
10% plant height affected, 80% coverage
62
60% plant height affected, 20% coverage
6
intermediate to high damage
Very susceptible (VS), large, abundant pycnidia, lesions coalescing extensively
VS
moderately resistant (MR), 9 to 11 % of infection
MR
8
Y
heterogeneous, ordered distribution of variable-sized uredinia, with larger uredinia at leaf tip (Y)
41
Booting, Flag leaf sheath extending
high
7
33
Stem elongation or jointing, 3rd node detectable
susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis
S
moderately susceptible to susceptible (MS-S)
MS-S
00
Germination, Dry seed
20% plant height affected, 10% coverage
21
no disease
00
2
low
medium soft (MS)
MS
Dough development, Early dough (elastic, dry and shiny)
83
susceptible, large uredinia without chlorosis (4)
4
MR
Moderately-resistant, small dark brown to black spots with very little chlorosis or tan necrosis
24
20% plant height affected, 40% coverage
4
sparse to intermediate
50% plant height affected, 90% coverage
59
2
Booting, Boot just visibly swollen
43
semi-soft (SS, 51-55)
SS
immune, no uredinia or other macroscopic sign of infection (0)
I
4
fair (F)
very low
2
43
40% plant height affected, 30% coverage
M
medium (M)
Seedling development , 6 leaves unfolded
16
unrolled, turgid
1
Stem elongation or jointing, Pseudo stem erection
30
9
90% coverage
tenacious (T)
T
5
90% plant height affected, 50% coverage
95
Susceptible, small dark brown to black centres may or may not be distinguishable, most lesions consist of coalescing chlorotic or tan necrotic zones
S
9
very dense
20
20% (7.4% occupied by uredia)
97
Ripening, Seed not dormant
rolled leaf rim covers part of leaf blade
4
Moderately-resistant, small dark brown to black spots with very little chlorosis or tan necrosis
MR
3
poor (P)
68
60% plant height affected, 80% coverage
Ripening, Kernel loosening in daytime
93
none
0
semi-spreading (SS)
SS
96
Ripening, 50% of viable seed germinates
high to very high
8
moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas
MR
1
Fusiform
13
10% plant height affected, 30% coverage
1
very poor (VP)
one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 1/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened
3
very poor to poor (VP-P)
2
moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some clorosis possible
MS
7
70% coverage
6
good (G)
98
Ripening, Secondary dormancy
74
70% plant height affected, 40% coverage
R
resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules
80% plant height affected, 30% coverage
83
Heading, ¾ of head emerged
57
MS
moderately susceptible (MS), average pycnidial density coverage of 30-40%
R
Resistant (R) - Very light pycnidial formation. Some coalescing of lesions mainly toward the leaf tip and in older leaf tissue.
3
30% plants with broken straw
2
10% anther extrusion
1
90
90% (33.3% occupied by uredia)
good (G)
7
66
60% plant height affected, 60% coverage
medium
5
Intermediate (I) - Light pycnidial format ion. Coalescing of lesions normally noticeable towards the leaf tip and elsewhere on the leaf.
I
8
moderate to high
6
60% anther extrusion
Ripening, Seed dormant
95
T
tall (T)
very late (VL)
6
R
resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small lesions
38
30% plant height affected, 80% coverage
30% plant height affected, 30% coverage
33
moderately resistant (MR), average pycnidial density coverage of 15-30%
MR
60% (22.2% occupied by uredia)
60
TanSpotResp Estimation
Standard method for scoring tan spot response in adult plants.
Standard method for net blotch severity.
HtereSev Estimation
Use formulae to calculate grain yield in g/m2
GY Computation
Anther extrusion
Extrusion of anthers.
AnthExt
Anther extrusion
spike/m2
%
GlmPubLng Measurement
Standard method for glume pubescence length.
SepSpResp Estimation
Standard method for Septoria species response.
LeafPubDen
Pubescence density
Leaf pubescence density
Leaf hairiness density.
GIron Measurement
Standard method for grain iron content.
SrolfResp
Southern blight plant response
Southern blight plant response
Southern blight response in the plants caused by the agent Corticum rolfsii (Sclerotium rolfsii).
BTol Estimation
The response of a cultivar or genotype is expressed on a score 1-9, where 1= highly susceptible and 9 = highly tolerant, based on the extent of bronze colored necrosis of leaf tips extending down the leaf margins
1-9 TOL scale
PstriSdlgResp
Stripe rust seedling response
Stripe rust (yellow rust) response in the seedlings caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici.
Stripe rust seedling response
grain/spikelet
mm
Pubescence density
Glume pubescence density
Glume hairiness density on outer side of sterile glume.
GlmPubDen
AlvW
Alveograph value W
Dough alveograph value W
Dough strength by alveograph. W value is the area under the curve. it is a combination of dough strength (p value) and extensibility (l value).
Standard method for grain hardness class.
GHrd Measurement
0-4 PRECO scale
Image Analysis Screen Count2
Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.8 ? 2.5 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.
1-9 STRAWBREAK scale
AwnLng Measurement
Standard method for awn length.
Foliar disease development
The plant damage caused by foliar diseases.
FolDis
Foliar disease development
Grain yellow berry incidence
Yellow berry incidence
GYellBer
Refers to grains showing chalky or starchy endosperm areas.
1. A sample of 60 grams or 250 grams of flour is mixed with a salt solution to form a dough. 2. The dough is sheeted, rested and inflated in the Chopin Alveograph, 2. Five 4.5 centimeter circular dough patties are formed and then rested in the alveograph in a temperature-regulated compartment at 25 degrees Celsius for approximately 20 minutes, 3. Each dough patty is tested individually. The alveograph blows air into a dough patty, which expands into a bubble that eventually breaks, 4. The pressure inside the bubble is recorded as a curve on graph paper. The alveograph determines the gluten strength of a dough by measuring the force required to blow and break a bubble of dough. The results include P Value, L Value, and W Value.
ALVEOGRAPH determination AACC 54-30 A
Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/700.
Leaf R750/R700 Measurement
Lodging incidence
Lodging incidence
Lodg
Indicates incidence of lodged plants.
RLNDmg Estimation
Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic.
0-5 Septoria Response scale
TTB Computation
Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until booting (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2.
Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.0 ? 1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.
Image Analysis Screen Count5
Leaf rust severity
Leaf rust severity
Leaf rust (brown rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita.
PrecoSev
PhiCO2 Measurement
Standard method for gas exchange measurement.
RsecaSev Estimation
Standard method for barley scald blight severity.
Standard method for Septoria species incidence.
SepSPInc Estimation
The plant damage caused by ants.
Ant damage
Ant damage
AntDmg
Plant damage caused by frost.
Frost damage
FrostDmg
Frost damage
Winter survival
Ability to survive or withstand cold temperatures in the late fall, winter, or early spring.
Wsurv
Winter survival
Emer
Emergence time
Emergence time is when the first leaf appears above the soil surface.
Emergence time
Radiation Use Efficiency
RUE_T
Radiation use efficiency
The amount of biomass produced per unit of intercepted solar radiation.
SaltTol Estimation
Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at the field presenting soil salinity and rate the tolerance.
Double digit Estimation
The method was improved by using two digits, representing the vertical disease progress and an estimate of severity. The first digit gives the relative height of the disease using the original 0-9 Saari-Prescott scale as a measure. The second digit shows the disease severity as a percentage but in terms of 0-9. Because it is difficult to evaluate diseases on dead leaves, disease notes should be taken when at least four leaves are still alive and green (soft to mid-dough growth stage). Then visually evaluate the average percentage severity on only those leaves of the uppermost four that are infected. In practice, the percent severity is estimated on an overall score. The following format is used for scoring severity: 10% coverage = 1, 20% coverage = 2, 30% coverage = 3, 40% coverage = 4, 50% coverage = 5, 60% coverage = 6, 70% coverage = 7, 80% coverage = 8, 90% coverage = 9. The score of 10 is not used.
TTIB Computation
Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until initiation of booting (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2.
Normalized pheophytinization index
Normalized pheophytinization index can be used to detect chlorophyll degradation.
Canopy normalized pheophytinization index
NPQI
StmWallThk
Wall thickness
Stem wall thickness
Stem wall thickness.
SpkGW
Grain weight per spike
Grain weight per spike.
Grain weight
Thermal Time from emergence to Initiation of Booting (GS41).
Initiation of Booting thermal time
TTIB
Booting initiation thermal time
1-3 SEDVTR scale
AgrScr Estimation
For agronomic score observe visually detectable signs of factors limiting yields and rate.
Standard method for ash content in whole meal flour.
WMFlrAsh Estimation
Calculated as sum of straw Nitrogen content and grain Nitrogen content according to the biomass partition into straw and grain.
BM NIRS Computation
Length of whole grain.
Grain length
GLng
Length
Septoria tritici blotch incidence
StritInc
Septoria tritici blotch incidence
Septoria tritici blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally.
day
Observe vigour of the plants per plot/entry and rate it.
PlntVig Estimation
1-3 GRNCOL scale
0-9 AnthExt
mg/kg
Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp.
Fusarium head blight grain incidence
Fusarium head blight grain incidence
FHBGInc
Sample as for spikelets per spike randomly select 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the spikelets, thresh, count grains, and calculate, or less accurately simply calculate from calculated grains per spike and measured spikelet number.
GrnSpl Computation
Septoria tritici blotch severity
Septoria tritici blotch severity
Septoria tritici blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally.
StritSev
1-8 rust field response scale
Spike Photosynthesis
Spike photosynthesis contribution
Photosynthetic contribution of the spike (ear) to grain yield.
SpkPho
Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives.
BM Computation
Canopy light interception
Light interception
Light energy intercepted by the canopy.
LI
Straw NIR calibrated.
STR NIRS Measurement
Standard method for stomatal conductance.
StomaCond Measurement
Grain screenings
Proportion of small grain passing through a sieve.
GScreen
Screenings proportion
Barley scald severity
Barley scald severity
RsecaSev
Barley scald severity in the plants caused by the agent Rhynchosporium secalis.
Calculated as total grain Nitrogen divided by the total biomass Nitrogen.
NHI Computation
FHBSpkResp Estimation
Standard method for FHB spike response.
Biomass production rate.
BMPR
Production per day
Biomass production rate
VgP Computation
Calculated as time between emergence (DS10) and first node detectable (DS31) as percentage of crop cycle duration.
Tiller number
Number of total tillers (fertile and infertile) per unit area, sample or plant.
TN
Tiller number
stoma/mm2
FHBSpkResp
Fusarium head blight spike response
Fusarium head blight spike response
Fusarium head blight (scab) spike response caused by the agent fusarium spp.
Plant early vigour
ErlVig
Early vigour
Capacity of a seedling or plant to grow vegetatively in early stages of development.
SDS-sedimentation determination
A small sample of flour or ground wheat (1.0 grams) is weighed and placed in 25-milliliter glass-stoppered graduated cylinder. This is mixed with different solutions for some minutes and then rested. Finally, the volume of the sediment is recorded after 21 minutes.
mm2
num
Leaf stomatal frequency
Stomatal frequency
Number of stomata counted per unit area on the leaf surface.
StomaFrq
Ability of the plant to remain/maintain green leaves, stems and spikes at the time of senescing.
StayGreen
Stay green
Canopy stay green
Measure the length of individual culms from soil surface to the tip of the spike (do not include awn) and record to the nearest centimeter. (Average of 4-10 plants/culms per plot).
PH Measurement
Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size.
Canopy normalized difference vegetation index
Normalized difference vegetation index
NDVI
g/l
Nitrogen Use Efficiency
The above ground biomass production per total Nitrogen available to a plant.
BMNUE
Above ground biomass nitrogen efficiency
1-4 HRDCLS scale
Plants killed as a result of winter conditions.
Winter kill damage
WKill
Winter kill damage
mmol H2O/m2/s
Grain filling period thermal time
Grain filling period thermal time
GFPTT
Time period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87) in thermal time.
The whole meal flour color.
Whole meal flour color
WMFlrCol
Color
Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the grain at harvest.
GNUp Computation
1-6 SPKTYPE scale
Flag leaf senescence
FLeafSen
Senescence
Flag leaf senescence.
Anthesis time
Ant
Anthesis time
Anthesis or flowering time is the period during which a flower is fully open and functional. pollination and fertilization occur during this period.
Standard method for scoring tan spot response in seedlings.
TanSpotSdlgResp Estimation
Standard method for sterility index computation.
SpkSterility Computation
LeafPubLng
Leaf pubescence length
Leaf pubescent length.
Pubescence length
Time between double ridge (approx. ds14) and anthesis (ds65).
Reproductive period
RepP
Reproductive period
Standard method for whole meal flour falling number.
WMFlrFN Measurement
Plant damage caused by herbicide.
HerbicideDmg
Herbicide damage
Herbicide damage
0-5 percentage scale
Standard method for sedimentation index.
SedIdx Measurement
Width of flag leaf lamina.
Width
FLeafLWid
Flag leaf lamina width
StmSol Estimation
Standard method for stem solidness.
GrndCov Measurement
High throughput approaches to measuring ground cover are: visual assessment or digital analysis of photographs
Carbon fixation by photosynthesis.
Anet
Net photosynthesis rate
Leaf net photosynthesis rate
SpkDis Estimation
Standard method for spike disease development.
Double digit (00-99)
Helminthosporium species severity
Helminthosporium species severity
The disease severity in the plants caused by the agent Helminthosporium species.
HelSpSev
Content of zinc in grain.
Grain Zinc content
GZinc
Zinc content
Rodent damage
The plant damage caused by rodent.
RodentDmg
Rodent damage
FlrFN Measurement
1. A 7-gram sample of ground wheat or flour is weighed and combined with 25 milliliter of distilled water in a glass falling number tube with a stirrer and shaken to form a slurry. When grinding a wheat sample to perform a falling number test, it should be at least 300 grams to assure a representative sample, 2. As the slurry is heated in a boiling water bath at 100° Centigrade and stirred constantly, the starch gelatinizes and forms a thick paste, 3. The time it takes the stirrer to drop through the paste is recorded as the falling number value.
Net blotch severity
Net blotch severity
HtereSev
Net blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (Helminthosporium teres).
Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under droughted condition and rate the tolerance.
DroughtTol Estimation
Field response McNEAL Estimation
Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the MCNEAL scale.
FvLAFmLA
Maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry
Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured in the leaf.
Leaf maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry
CT Measurement
Take measurements at least two times from full ground cover to the end of booting (pre-heading), and at least two times from the end of anthesis to late grainfilling (grain-filling) -with 5-7 days between each measurement to give a reasonably heritable estimate of trait expression.
Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a soil presenting aluminum toxicity and rate the tolerance.
AlTol Estimation
Normalized water index 1 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85).
Canopy normalized water index 1
Normalized water index 1
NWI1
Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R675.
Leaf R675 Measurement
BMNUp Computation
Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the above-ground biomass at harvest.
PhordInc Estimation
Standard method for Barley leaf rust incidence.
Standard method for peduncle pubescence density.
PedPubDen Estimation
Vigour
PlntVig
Capacity of the plant to grow.
Plant vigour
Content of iron in grain.
GIron
Grain Iron content
Iron content
Peduncle pubescence density
PedPubDen
Peduncle hairiness density.
Pubescence density
g/MJ
Standard method for yield factor
GYFac Computation
SLA Measurement
Leaf area of flag leaf or all laminas is measured. Then the leaves are oven dried at 60-70oC for 48h and the dry weight is recorded. Then, the specific leaf area is calculated as the ratio of leaf area to dry mass SLA= leaf area/dry mass.
Shattering
Spike shattering
Observation of grains dehiscence from spike at maturity.
Shattering
Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici.
Stripe rust notes
Stripe rust notes
PstriNote
0-9 DAMAGE scale
Aluminum tolerance
Aluminum tolerance
AlTol
Plant tolerance to aluminum.
TtritInc Estimation
Tilletia tritici incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row.
HI
Biomass partitioning to grain
Harvest index
A ratio of grain yield to total above ground biomass.
µmol CO2/m2/s
g/m2
Calculated as the deviation from the yield-protein linear regression.
GPD Computation
Zadoks or decimal code (00-99)
Boron tolerance
BTol
Boron tolerance
Plant tolerance to high levels of soil boron.
BLBSev
Bacterial leaf blight severity
Bacterial leaf blight severity
Wheat bacterial leaf blight severity in the plants caused by the agent Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. symptoms: small (less than 0.04 inches) water-soaked lesions expand and eventually coalesce. initial lesions become necrotic and turn from gray-green to tan-white. Entire leaves may become necrotic, but heads and glumes are typically symptomless.
SedIdx
Flour SDS sedimentation index
Is the result of dividing sedimentation volume by flour protein content.
Sedimentation index
Measurement of flour/whole meal/grain color with the Minolta chromameter, L value represents whiteness, a* value (reddishness) represents red and green colors and b* value (yellowness) represents yellow and blue colors. Using the Minolta Chroma Meter Test: 1. A sample of flour/whole meal/grain is placed on the granular materials attachment and compacted, 2. The Minolta Chroma Meter is inserted into the granular materials attachment, 3. Measurements are taken and recorded, 4.Color results are reported in terms of 3-dimensional color values based on the following rating scale: L* value whiteness: 100 white, 0 black, a* value positive +60 red color, negative values -60 green color, b* value positive +60 yellow color, negative values -60 blue color.
Minolta Chroma Meter Test
Fusarium leaf blotch (pink snow mold, fusarium patch) severity in the plants caused by the agent Calonectria nivalis (fusarium nivale).
FnivLBSev
Fusarium leaf blotch severity
Fusarium leaf blotch severity
index
Stem rust plant response
Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici.
PgramResp
Stem rust plant response
1-5 TOL scale
Leaf spectral reflectance 750/550 nm
The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R750/R550 nm wavelength.
Spectral reflectance
LeafR750R700
Septoria nodorum blotch incidence
Septoria nodorum blotch incidence
SnodoInc
Septoria nodorum blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Stagonospora nodorum (syn. Septoria glume blotch) (Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E. Müller) Hedjaroude (syn. Stagonospora nodorum).
Size
GSize
Grain size
Grain size.
Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that are below 1.6 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.
Image Analysis Screen Mass6
Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence
HgramInc
Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence
Barley helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence in the plants caused by the agent Drechslera graminea (helminthosporium gramineum).
Booting thermal time
Booting thermal time
TTB
Thermal Time from emergence to Booting (GS45).
cm
SDS-PAGE Electrophoresis (1BL1RS)
Detect in the SDS-PAGE gel the presence of some protein bands from rye chromosome translocation.
Standard method for karnal bunt incidence.
TindiInc Estimation
Standard method for spectral reflectance.
Canopy spectral reflectance Measurement
Number
SplN
Spikelet number
Number of spikelets per spike.
SpkSterility
Spike sterility observed as infertile florets.
Sterility
Spike sterility index
GluA3
Glutenin Glu-A3 composition
Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-a3.
Glutenin Glu-A3 composition
FHBSplInc
Fusarium head blight (scab) spikelets incidence caused by the agent fusarium spp.
Fusarium head blight spikelet incidence
Fusarium head blight spikelet incidence
Both the total number of spikelets and the number of fertile spikelets (i.e., those containing grain) per spike should be counted towards the end of grain-filling, but before physiological maturity (to avoid losses due to movement through the plots). Randomly sample 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the total number of spikelets (pair-by-pair, from the base to the tip), then obtain the average. When sampling large numbers of samples or plots, time may be saved by randomly counting one side of the spike and multiplying by two.
SplN Counting
Score the damage caused by frost per plot.
FrostDmg Estimation
FnivLBInc Estimation
Standard method for Fusarium leaf blotch incidence.
Standard method for glume color.
GlmCol Estimation
Leaf rust incidence
Leaf rust incidence
Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita.
PrecoInc
Standard method for ant damage.
AntDmg Estimation
Alternaria leaf blight plant response
AtritResp
Alternaria leaf blight plant response
Alternaria leaf blight response in the plants caused by the agent Alternaria triticina.
Hybrid necrosis incidence
Observation of hybrid necrosis.
Plant hybrid necrosis incidence
HNecro
Nitrogen content of the above ground biomass.
Above ground biomass nitrogen content
BMNitr
Nitrogen content
TlaevInc Estimation
Tilletia laevis incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row.
GW
Weight
Grain weight
Grain weight usually expressed as weight of single, one hundred, two hundred or thousand grains.
TcontInc
Dwarf bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia controversa.
Dwarf bunt incidence
Dwarf bunt incidence
Bacterial leaf streak severity in the plants caused by the agent Xanthomonas translucens. The disease, called black chaff when on the glumes.
Bacterial leaf streak severity
BLSSev
Bacterial leaf streak severity
AwnCol Estimation
Standard method for awn color.
Leaf rust plant response
Leaf rust (brown rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita.
Leaf rust plant response
PrecoResp
StrawYld Estimation
Standard method for straw yield.
True stem partitioning index.
True stem partitioning index
True stem partitioning index
TSPI
Tan spot seedling response
TanSpotSdlgResp
Tan spot seedling response
Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) response in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin.
NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results.
NIRS Measurement
Color of straw.
Color
Straw color
StrawCol
1-5 scoring scale
Standard method for ground cover at 5 leaves stage.
GrndCov Measurement (GS15)
Leaf Sheath Coefficient = Leaf Sheath DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of leaf sheath is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant.
LeafSPI Computation
ml/%
Standard method for awn presence estimation.
Awns Presence
kg/hl
A vegetation index related with canopy structure, light absorption and photosynthetic capacity.
SR
Simple ratio
Canopy simple ratio
FE
The final outcome of the floret developmental rates (determining the number of floret primordia that reach the stage of fertile florets at anthesis) and the proportion of grain set per fertile floret (the opposite to grain abortion), per unit of spike weight.
Fruiting efficiency
Fruiting efficiency
StrawBreak Estimation
Standard method for straw breakage.
Booting time
Boot
Booting time
Booting time is just prior to spike emergence, when the flag leaf sheath encloses the growing spike.
Score the damage caused by waterlogging
WtrLoggDmg Estimation
Standard method for eye spot field response.
PherpResp Estimation
Standard method for aphid damage.
AphDmg Estimation
AtritResp Estimation
Standard method for Alternaria leaf blight field response.
yyyymmdd
Spread factor
CookSdF
The ratio between average height and width of cookies.
Cookie spread factor
b value
Calculated as the index (ratio) of infected spikelets over total number of spikelets by Calonectria nivalis (Fusarium nivale, F. graminearum) causing scab disease in spike.
FHBSplInc Computation
The plant damage caused by armyworm.
ArmyWDmg
Armyworm damage
Armyworm damage
Grain Nitrogen utilization efficiency
Nitrogen utilization efficiency as the grain dry mass in relation to the total amount of Nitrogen in above-ground plant at harvest.
Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency
NutE
Rolling severity
Severity of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress.
LRollSev
Leaf rolling severity
Width
Width of leaf.
Leaf width
LeafWid
text
1-5 LRoll scale
HerbicideDmg Estimation
Standard method for herbicide damage.
Alveograph value P
P value is the force required to blow the bubble of dough. it is indicated by the maximum height of the curve.
AlvP
Dough alveograph value P
mmol/m2/s
Classification of vernalization responsive growth habit as winter, facultative or spring wheat.
Growth class
GrwCls
Growth class
Peduncle length
PedLng
Length of peduncle.
Length
PgramSev
Stem rust severity
Stem rust severity
Stem rust (black rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici.
AnthExt Estimation
Standard method for anther extrusion.
PhordInc
Barley leaf rust incidence
Barley leaf rust incidence
Barley leaf rust incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei.
Loose smut incidence in the plants caused by ustilago tritici.
UtritInc
Loose smut incidence
Loose smut incidence
0-8 Rust infection type
Normalized water index 4
NWI4
Canopy normalized water index 4
Normalized water index 4 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85).
PstriInc
Stripe rust incidence
Stripe rust incidence
Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici.
The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus.
Pratylenchus neglectus damage
Pratylenchus neglectus damage
PnegleDmg
StmWSC NIR Measurement
Water soluble carbohydrates of stem dry weight measured with NIRs.
kg/ha
Leaf rust coefficient of infection
PrecoCI
Leaf rust coefficient of infection
Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita.
0-9 percentage scale
ISBM Computation
Sampling is typically performed at sequential developmental stages/time intervals through crop growth. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. In most cases, determinations of dry mass are made on representative sub-samples to reduce oven space requirement, take additional measurements (e.g., fertile culm count) etc. Several protocols available (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives.
GluTyp
Flour gluten type
Gluten type
Gluten type whether weak-tenacious/tenacious/weak/medium strong/strong.
Standard method for stem diameter.
StmDia Measurement
FLRGluCon Measurement
1. A 10-gram sample of flour or ground wheat is weighed and placed into the glutomatic washing chamber on top of the polyester screen, 2. The sample is mixed and washed with a 2 percent salt solution for 5 minutes, 3. The wet gluten is removed from the washing chamber, placed in the centrifuge holder, and centrifuged, 4. The residue retained on top of the screen and through the screen is weighed.
Septoria blotch incidence
Septoria blotch incidence
Septoria blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species.
SepSPInc
Standard method for crumb structure.
CrmStr Estimation
Calculated as the grain yield divided by the total soil Nitrogen.
NUE Computation
Glutenin Glu-D1 composition
High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-d1.
Glutenin Glu-D1 composition
GluD1
Moisture content of grain.
Grain moisture content
Moisture content
GMoi
Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains greater than 2.8 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.
Image Analysis Screen Mass1
L value
1-5 GRNCOL scale
GApp Estimation
Standard method for grain appearance.
Adult plants rust field response Estimation
Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to leaf/stem/stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the following scale: 0-No visible infection. R-Resistant, necrotic areas with or without small pustules. MR-Moderately Resistant, small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas. M-Intermediate, pustules of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis. MS-Moderately Susceptible, medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible. S-Susceptible, large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis.
Standard method for barley yellow dwarf incidence.
BYDInc Estimation
The plant damage caused by various species of aphids.
Aphid damage
AphDmg
Aphid damage
RodentDmg Estimation
Standard method for rodent damage.
Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B.
Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B
GY Measurement
The weight of the grain harvested is registered on a scale, decide which method suit better for your objectives. In breeding trials, a sample area (rather than the whole plot) is generally used for estimating yield. Discard borders when combine harvest for a better estimation of yield.
Textile treatment is used to inhibit photosynthesis of the spikes through shading(comparison between control and treated spikes). Randomly selected spikes (for example: 12 spikes) per plot are covered with a special designed textile 10 days after anthesis under irrigation and drought or 10 days after heading under heat environments. Then, at physiological maturity the spikes are harvested together with 12 control spikes and the number of grains and weight are recorded and compared the treated spikes with the control ones (Sanchez-Bragado et al., 2016).
SpkPho Computation
SpkDis
The plant damage caused by spike diseases.
Spike disease development
Spike disease development
Quantum yield of electron transfer at PSII.
PhiPS2
Leaf quantum yield of photosystem II
Quantum yield of photosystem II
0-5 incidence scale
Physiological maturity thermal time
TTM
Physiological maturity thermal time
Thermal Time from emergence to Physiological Maturity (GS87).
Fusarium leaf blotch (pink snow mold, fusarium patch) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Calonectria nivalis (fusarium nivale).
Fusarium leaf blotch incidence
FnivLBInc
Fusarium leaf blotch incidence
Alveograph value G
G stands for the square root of the volume of air in the bubble that was possible before the bubble burst. shows how flexible the dough was during the test.
AlvG
Dough alveograph value G
StmWSC Atrone Measurement
Water soluble carbohydrates of stem dry weight measured with chemical method Antrone.
plant/plot
Terminal spikelet thermal time
TTTS
Terminal spikelet thermal time
Thermal Time from emergence to Terminal Spikelet (GS30).
Water soluble carbohydrate content
StmWSC
Water soluble carbohydrates accumulate up to and around anthesis and are partitioned to the stem, from where they are later available as a reservoir for remobilization to the developing grains. These reserves are an important source of carbon for grain filling.
Stem water soluble carbohydrate
%/min
StdEst Estimation
Standard method for standard establishment.
The weight of the grain taken per tiller.
TllrGW Measurement
delta 13C
GgtriInc
Take-all incidence in the plants caused by the agent Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (ggt).
Take all incidence
Take all incidence
Tolerance of grain to sprout when in the spike.
SproutTol
Sprouting tolerance
Sprouting tolerance
WKill Estimation
Observe winterkill of plants per plot and rate it.
NodeN Counting
Standard method for node number.
Mixograph type
Mixograph type (mixograph curve) is used for determining the strength of dough.
MixTyp
Dough mixograph type
joules
Flag leaf lamina length
FLeafLLng
Length
Length of flag leaf lamina.
SpkLng
Spike length
Length
Length of spike.
Standard method for Fusarium wilt incidence.
FoxiWilt Estimation
Grain hardness is used as a grading factor to determine the type of wheat. It is a key determinant for classification of wheat and end product quality.
GHrd
Hardness
Grain hardness
Barley stripe mosaic incidence in the plants caused by barley stripe mosaic virus.
Barley stripe mosaic incidence
BSMV
Barley stripe mosaic incidence
GThk Measurement
Standard method for whole grain thickness.
Standard method for grain lysine content.
GLys Measurement
BMNUtE
Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency
Biomass Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency as the biomass in relation to the total amount of N in above-ground plant at harvest.
Biomass Nitrogen utilization efficiency
Severity of leaf/stem/stripe rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection.
Modified cobb scale for severity
Specific leaf area
Specific leaf area
A ratio of the leaf area to dry mass.
SLA
plant/ha
WMFlrFN
Indication of the amount of sprout damage that has occurred within a wheat sample. falling number value of 350 seconds or longer indicates a low enzyme activity and very sound wheat quality. as the amount of enzyme activity increases, the falling number decreases. Values below 200 seconds indicate high levels of enzyme activity.
Falling number
Whole meal flour falling number
Amylopectin content
GAmyloPec
Content of amylopectin in grain.
Grain amylopectin content
Appearance of a single grain.
Grain appearance
GApp
Appearance
FHBSplInc Counting
Standard method for FHB infected spikelets counting.
Standard method for wheat blast severity.
MgrisSev Estimation
Flag smut plant response
UagroResp
Flag smut disease response in the plants caused by the agent Urocystic agropyri causing flag smut disease.
Flag smut plant response
Net blotch incidence
HtereInc
Net blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (helminthosporium teres).
Net blotch incidence
Spike awnedness
Awns
Awnedness
Observation of awn type whether awnless/awnletted (short awns)/awned (conspicious awns).
Leaf transpiration rate.
Leaf transpiration rate
LeafTR
Leaf transpiration rate
Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured from a light adapted leaf.
FvLAFmLA measurement
STRNUp Computation
Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the straw at harvest.
LeafGlau Estimation
Standard method for leaf glaucousness.
StomaSiz Measurement
Standard method for stomatal size.
True Stem Coefficient = True stem DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of true stem is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant.
TSPI Computation
0-5 TANSPOT field response scale
The plant damage caused by snails.
Snail damage
Snail damage
SnailDmg
0-9 Mc Neal scale
LeafLng Measurement
Standard method for leaf length.
1-3 SIZE scale
Stripe rust (yellow rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici.
Stripe rust plant response
PstriResp
Stripe rust plant response
Standard method for grain phosphorus content.
GPhos Measurement
HsatiLSev
Spot blotch severity
Spot blotch severity
Spot blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (Helminthosporium sativum).
PlntStnd Counting
Counting the number of plant per area or row.
Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici.
PgramSdlgResp
Stem rust seedling response
Stem rust seedling response
TTA Computation
Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until anthesis (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2.
TN Counting
Count or calculate the number of total tillers (fertile and infertile) per lineal meter, per plant or per square meter.
GFR
Grain weight increase per day in the period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87).
Grain fill rate
Grain fill rate
Seed gall nematode damage
The wheat seed-gall nematode damage caused by Anguina tritici.
Seed gall nematode damage
SGNDmg
Grain carbon isotope discrimination
GCID
Grain carbon isotope discrimination at maturity from drought trials provides genotypic effects most likely to be related to transpiration rate or an integrative measurement of stomatal conductance.
Carbon isotope discrimination
Fibre content
Grain fibre content
Gfibre
Content of fibre (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples.
ForgDM Estimation
Standard method for forage dry matter.
Standard method for leaf thickness.
LeafThk Measurement
Estimate of the area lodged in the sampled plot.
Lodg Estimation
tiller/plant
StmWSC Measurement
Sampling for water soluble carbohydrate is often combined with in-season biomass sampling and partitioning. Ensure to plan sampling approach carefully to allow for maximal data collection/economy of sampling (e.g., data on partitioning weights can be collected on the same 20 culm sample). The leaf lamina and/or leaf sheath may also be analyzed for WSC separately, or not removed from the stem for ?whole stem? analysis. Lab analysis is performed by NIR or wet chemical method.
Record date of first node detectable (DS31). It is easier to determine in the field than DS30. It is estimated in-field as the day at which the first node can be detected at approximately 1 cm above the tillering node. The observation is performed in the main tiller.
FND DS31 date Estimation
Calculated as grain yield per unit of Nitrogen taken up.
Nute Computation
1-9 PHOTORESP scale
Water index use reflectance at 970 nm as a wavelength sensitive to water content, while reflectance at 900 nm is taken as a reference which is similarly affected by canopy and leaf structures but with null absorption by water.
WI
Water index
Canopy water index
GNDVI Measurement
Standard method for spectral reflectance.
StritInc Estimation
Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch incidence.
Pratylenchus thornei damage
Pratylenchus thornei damage
The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei.
PthornDmg
Score the damage caused by hail.
HailDmg Estimation
Plant population or plant density.
Stand
Plant stand
PlntStnd
Leaf area index
LAI
It is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes plant canopies and defined as the leaf area per unit ground surface area.
Leaf area index
Dry grains at 70oC and weigh.
GW Measurement
GluB1
Glutenin Glu-B1 composition
Glutenin Glu-B1 composition
High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-b1.
NodeN
Node number
Number of nodes in the main stem.
Node number
Leaf stomatal conductance
Rate of passage of either water vapor or carbon dioxide through the stomata.
Stomatal conductance
StomaCond
Awns Estimation
Standard method for awnedness.
Anthesis thermal time
Anthesis thermal time
TTA
Thermal Time from emergence to Anthesis (GS65).
Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-d3.
Glutenin Glu-D3 composition
GluD3
Glutenin Glu-D3 composition
1-3 HRDCLS scale
Relative spike weight is calculated by dividing spike weight (at maturity) from infected by the non-infected.
FHBSpkWt Computation
Standard method for grain color.
GCol Estimation
Alveograph P/L
AlvPL
Dough alveograph P/L
Ratio of tenacity (p, maximum pressure required for the deformation of the sample) and extensibility (l, length of the curve) of dough.
FLRGluCon
Gluten content
Content of wet gluten in flour.
Flour gluten content
Standard method for spike density.
SpkDen Estimation
RachLng
Length of rachis.
Length
Rachis length
GFR Computation
Calculated daily grain weight increase between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration.
kg/kg N
Standard method for grain amylopectin content.
GAmyloPec Measurement
Stem rust notes
Stem rust notes
Stem rust (black rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici.
PgramNote
ppm
Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under heat condition and rate the tolerance.
HeatTol Estimation
s
NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results.
NIRS Measurement
HI Computation
Harvest index is expressed in percentage and can be calculated as Harvest index (%) = (Grain yield/Biomass)*100.
LofVol
Bread loaf volume
Baking quality of flour describing bread loaf volume.
Loaf volume
BM Measurement
Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives.
1-9 scoring scale
Glaucousness
Glaucousness in peduncle.
PedGlau
Peduncle glaucousness
FmDL
Leaf maximal fluorescence intensity
Maximal fluorescence intensity
Maximal level of fluorescence intensity measured in the leaf.
StrawStn Estimation
Standard method for straw strength.
Score a relative plant height to local check using 1-5 scale where 3 is used for the local check (1 = short, 5 = tall). Assessment of plant height compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment.
PH Estimation
Grain germination
Germination
Proportion of seed that germinate under proper condition.
Germ
Normalized water index 3 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85).
NWI3
Canopy normalized water index 3
Normalized water index 3
Growth stage
Growth/developmental stages based on Zadoks decimal code.
GrwStg
Growth stage
Glume pubescence length
Pubescence length
Glume pubescence length on outer side of sterile glume.
GlmPubLng
Calculated as biomass per unit of Nitrogen taken up.
BMNUte Computation
Distorted leaves and stems are evident prior to heading. As diseased plants approach maturity, galls are formed in the florets, replacing the kernels. The galls are similar in shape to the seed they replace and are dark brown in color. Large numbers of motile larvae are present within the galls and become active after the galls have been moistened. These nematodes can act as vectors of Clavibacter tritici.
SGNDmg Estimation
The plant damage caused by sawfly, Cephus cinctus.
Sawfly damage
SawflyDmg
Sawfly damage
degree C day
GrnSpl
Number of grains per spikelet.
Grain number per spikelet
Grain number
Measurement of Radiation Use Efficiency as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla.
RUE Computation
The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp.
Root lesion nematode damage
Root lesion nematode damage
RLNDmg
Uptake of Nitrogen in the above ground biomass at maturity.
Above ground biomass nitrogen uptake
Nitrogen uptake
BMNUp
1-5 Phenological relative scale
FvDAFmLA measurement
Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured from a dark adapted leaf.
Image Analysis Screen Count1
Standard method for screening grain size distribution >2.8 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R)machine.
Strength
Stem strength
StmStrength
Strength of the culm.
g/degree C day
Septoria blotch plant response
Septoria blotch response in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species.
Septoria blotch plant response
SepSpResp
Double ridge time
Double ridge time
Double ridge time is just when apex changes from the vegetative to the reproductive stage.
DRidge
Standard method for Fusarium graminearum severity.
FgramSev Estimation
InfertTN
Number of infertile tillers per unit area, sample or plant.
Infertile tiller number
Number
Measurement of Radiation Use Efficiency as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla.
RUET Computation
BMNUE Computation
Calculated as the above ground biomass divided by the total soil Nitrogen.
method_of
SemoProt
Semolina protein content
Protein content
Protein content in durum wheat semolina.
grain/m2
ColeopLng Measurement
Standard method for coleoptile length.
0-9 density scale
RepP Computation
Calculated as time between double ridge (approx. DS14) and anthesis (DS65) as percentage of crop cycle duration.
variable_of
0-12 Modified Cobb Scale
Barley leaf rust severity
Barley leaf rust severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei.
PhordSev
Barley leaf rust severity
Rhizoctonia root rot incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhizoctonia solani.
Rhizoctonia root rot incidence
RsolaInc
Rhizoctonia root rot incidence
LeafTNecro Estimation
Leaf tip necrosis is observed and rated in percentage.
Standard method for sawfly damage.
SawflyDmg Estimation
Septoria blotch severity
SepSpSev
Septoria blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species.
Septoria blotch severity
The plant damage caused by hessian fly, Maytiola destructor.
HesFlyDmg
Hessian fly damage
Hessian fly damage
Peduncle neck break
NeckBreak
Neck break
Observation of spike break from the base of head.
UtritInc Estimation
Standard method for loose smut incidence.
Number of days from sowing to double ridge (DS14-15 approx.). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date.
DR DT Computation
FlrCol
Color
Flour color.
Flour color
FHBSpkInc Estimation
Standard method for FHB spike incidence.
LeafPubLng Measurement
Standard method for leaf pubescence length.
BirdDmg Estimation
Standard method for bird damage.
Structural independent pigment index
SIPI
Canopy structural independent pigment index
Structural independent pigment index uses wavelengths showing the best semi-empirical estimation of the carotenoid chlorophyll a ratio (car:chla ratio), and its formulation minimizes the disrupting effects of leaf surface and mesophyll structure.
BMNUpE
N-uptake efficiency as the total amount of Nitrogen in the above-ground plant at harvest in relation to the available Nitrogen in soil.
Nitrogen uptake efficiency
Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency
LofVol Measurement
Standard method for loaf volume.
CTD Computation
Standard method for canopy temperature depression.
Laboratory seed test for germination should be carried out before seeding to calculate seeding rates or determine the status of storage seed. The percentage of seeds capable of producing normal seedlings under ordinarily favorable conditions (not including seeds which produce weak, malformed, or obviously abnormal sprouts), determined by methods ISTA seed testing protocols.
Germ Measurement
Grain weight per tiller.
GWTTILL
Grain weight
Grain weight per tiller
Standard method for stomatal resistance.
StomaRes Measurement
Chl Measurement
The chlorophyll content of leaves (and other green tissues) can be quickly, and non-destructively measured using a hand-held battery portable optical meter (e.g., Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter) which measures the chlorophyll content via light transmittance (absorbance of red light at 650 nm and infrared light at 940 nm) and compensates for differing leaf thicknesses. Readings from the instrument are not absolute chlorophyll values, instead each reading is a ?chlorophyll concentration index? (CCI, ranging from 0 to 99.9). Measurements are typically made on the flag leaf (once fully expanded), although measurements of lower leaves may be taken to assess canopy chlorophyll profiles.
GlmPubDen Estimation
Standard method for glume pubescence density.
FHBAUDPC Computation
Calculate area under disease progress curve.
CGR Computation
It is measured during rapid spike growth phase. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Then, CRG is the production of biomass per day between initiation of booting and seven days after anthesis. Calculated as (Biomass 7DAA/m2 - Biomass InB/m2)/Days from InB to 7DAA.
1-3 FLRYELLCLS scale
g/1000 grain
RARSb
Rarsb is an estimation of chlorophyll b content.
Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll b
Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll b
Fusarium head blight AUDPC
Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp.
FHBAUDPC
Fusarium head blight AUDPC
Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici.
Stripe rust coefficient of infection
PstriCI
Stripe rust coefficient of infection
grain/spike
Calculated as above ground biomass Nitrogen content divided by soil Nitrogen
NupE Computation
Measured as weight by percentage of all matter passing through a 2 mm slotted screen ? 40 shakes in the direction of the slots
GScreen Measurement
Fusarium graminearum severity
Fusarium graminearum severity in the plants.
Fusarium graminearum severity
FgramSev
Dry grains at 70oC and weigh.
SpkGW Measurement
PedLng Measurement
Standard method for peduncle length.
RachLng Measurement
Standard method for rachis length.
The number of grains per spike can be measured independently by threshing a known number of randomly selected spikes per plot (10-20 spikes per plot) or can be calculated as: Grains per spike (GSP) = grains m2 / spikes m2.
GrnSpk Computation
Standard method for test weight.
AACC 55-10 or SeedCount management procedure
1-9 general scale
FLeafSen Estimation
Rate using a scale from 0 (0% senescence) to 10 (100% senescence) using the guide, in increments of 10%.
Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.8 mm - 2.5 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.
Image Analysis Screen Mass2
1-5 RELTPH scale
Forage dry matter.
Forage dry matter
ForgDM
Forage dry matter
Image Analysis Screen Mass3
Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.5 mm - 2.2 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.
Absence/Presence
The 1bl/1rs translocation in wheat resulted from replacing the short arm of the chromosome 1b of wheat by the short arm of the chromosome 1r of rye (Secale cereale l.).
T1BL1RS
Translocation 1BL/1RS
Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.5 ? 2.2 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.
Image Analysis Screen Count3
Leaf sheath partitioning index.
Sheath partitioning index
Leaf sheath partitioning index
LeafSPI
CiCa
Intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio
Intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio.
Leaf intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio
Maximal level of fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf.
FmDA Measurement
Standard method for glume width.
GlmWid Measurement
SDS-PAGE electrophoresis
1. Extract storage proteins (glutenins/gliadins) from wheat grain, 2. Separate glutenins from gliadins, 3. Run proteins extracts in polyacrylamide gels, 4. Stain the gel and de-stain, 5. Identify the allele for each locus.
Semolina yellow pigment content
Yellow pigment content
Semolina yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds.
SemoYellPig
Threshblty Estimation
Observe threshability by hand threshing of one or two spikes and rate it according how easily grains are separated from the rachis and glumes using 1 (hard to thresh) to 9 (easy to thresh) scale.
GLng Measurement
Standard method for whole grain length.
Emer DS10 days Computation
Number of days from sowing to the seedling emergence (DS10).
Leaf rolling incidence
Incidence of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress.
Rolling incidence
LRollInc
Canopy green normalized difference vegetation index
Normalized difference vegetation index
GNDVI
Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size.
1-3 STMSOL scale
Standard method for spectral reflectance.
LeafPSSRa Measurement
GVtr
Vitreousness
One of the key quality parameters in the determination of durum quality referring to translucent or glass-like appearance when seeds are transversely sectioned and observed whether not vitreous/partly vitreous/vitreous. it is associated with high protein and hard grain.
Grain vitreousness
Calculate number of plant per area.
PlntStnd Computation
Tilletia tritici bunt incidence
Tilletia tritici bunt incidence
Bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia tritici (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt).
TtritInc
Content of starch (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples.
Gstarch
Starch content
Grain starch content
Standard method for grain plumpness.
GPlump Estimation
Standard method for powdery mildew incidence.
EgramInc Estimation
Width
Glume width
Width of glume.
GlmWid
Bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia laevis (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt).
TlaevInc
Tilletia laevis bunt incidence
Tilletia laevis bunt incidence
Seedling host responses are normally scored as susceptible or resistant depending on the infection type produced with a designated isolate in a particular environment. The infection type produced will often change if the environment is altered.
Seedling rust field response Estimation
Standard method for snail damage.
SnailDmg Estimation
kg/plot
SpkPI Computation
Calculated from shoots sampled seven days after anthesis and SPI is expressed as a ratio and can be calculated as SPI= (dry weight of spikes at anthesis+7/dry weight of the whole plants (shoots) at anthesis+7).
Marvin method for whole surface area.
GSurfA_Measurement
Standard method for crop growth rate.
CropGrwRate Computation
µm
NeckBreak Estimation
Standard method for neck break.
GPlump
Grain plumpness
Plumpness
The degree of endosperm filling.
PstriSpkSev
Stripe rust spike severity
Stripe rust spike severity
Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici.
Quantum yield of carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation.
Leaf quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation
Quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation
PhiCO2
Glume length
Length
Length of glume.
GlmLng
Standard method for flour yield.
FlrYld Measurement
Color of the stems.
Color
Stem color
StmCol
Ant DS65 DT Computation
Number of days required from sowing to when 50% of spikes have flowered (DS65). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date.
t/ha
FHBGInc Estimation
Standard method for FHB grain incidence.
spikelet/spike
Minimal level of fluorescence intensity measured in the leaf.
Leaf minimal fluorescence intensity
Minimal fluorescence intensity
FoLA
TanSpotSev
Tan spot severity
Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin.
Tan spot severity
PH
Height
Height of plant from ground to top of spike, excluding awns.
Plant height
Glaucousness
Glume glaucousness
GlmGlau
Glaucousness in glume.
PhotopResp
Plant photoperiod response
Extent to which long days hasten flowering.
Photoperiod response
Leaf spectral reflectance 675 nm
The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R675 nm wavelength.
Spectral reflectance
LeafR675
Grain fill rate thermal time
Grain fill rate thermal time
GFRTT
Grain weight increase per degree day in the period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87).
Stomatal resistance
StomaRes
Leaf stomatal resistance
Resistance to diffusion of water vapor through a plant stomata.
RSpkGP Computation
Phase period where the spike growth the most regarding the whole crop cycle and can be calculated as (anthesis date-initiation of booting date)/days to maturity *100.
AcdTol Estimation
Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a low pH (acid) soil field and rate the tolerance.
Standard method for spike shattering.
Shattering Estimation
FLeafLWid Measurement
Standard method for flag leaf lamina width.
TTH Computation
Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until emergence (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2.
g/plant
RcereInc Estimation
Main shoots are assessed for sharp eyespot disease.
Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic.
PthornDmg Estimation
EgramInc
Powdery mildew incidence
Powdery mildew incidence
Powdery mildew incidence in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici.
Standard method for peduncle glaucousness.
PedGlau Estimation
Septoria tritici blotch plant response
StritResp
Septoria tritici blotch plant response
Septoria tritici blotch response in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally.
StmLng Measurement
Standard method for stem length.
Standard method for spectral reflectance.
LeafPSSRb Measurement
infertile tiller/m
PrecoNote
Leaf rust notes
Leaf rust notes
Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita.
Standard method for leaf width.
LeafWid Measurement
Number of grains per spike.
Grain number per spike
GrnSpk
Grain number
Standard method for semolina yellow pigment.
SemoYellPig Measurement
min
1-5 DMG scale
Standard method for flag leaf lamina length.
FLeafLLng Measurement
Deviation from the grain yield -grain protein linear regression.
Grain Protein Deviation
Grain protein deviation
GPD
WMFlrYellPig Measurement
Standard method for whole meal flour yellow pigment.
Leaf chlorophyll content
Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes both chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants.
Chl
Chlorophyll content
Wheat blast severity
Wheat blast severity
Wheat blast severity in the spikes caused by the agent Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: It can infect all above-ground parts of the wheat plant, but head blast, resembling Fusarium head blight in appearance, is the most common symptom in the field. Infected spikes become bleached and produce small shriveled seed or none at all.
MgrisSev
Plants killed as a result of winter conditions.
Waterlogging damage
WtrLoggDmg
Waterlogging damage
Classification of vernalization responsive growth habit as winter, facultative or spring wheat
GrwCls Estimation
Leaf rust (brown rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita.
Leaf rust seedling response
Leaf rust seedling response
PrecoSdlgResp
SBMVInc Estimation
Standard method for soil borne mosaic virus incidence.
Standard method for seed vitreousness.
GVtr Estimation
PrecoInc Estimation
Standard method for leaf rust incidence.
FgramResp
Fusarium graminearum plant response
Fusarium graminearum plant response
Fusarium graminearum response in the plants.
Powdery mildew severity
EgramSev
Powdery mildew severity
Powdery mildew severity in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici.
Crop ground cover
Crop ground cover, or the percentage of soil surface covered by plant foliage.
Ground cover
GrndCov
Standard method for dwarf bunt incidence.
TcontInc Estimation
Grain number
Grain number per tiller
GRATIL
Number of grains per tiller.
Rust Coefficient of infection Computation
Coefficient of infection (CI) calculated by multiplying the severity times a constant for host response: where immune = 0.0, R=0.2, MR =0.4, MS =0.8, and S=1.0.
Seedling rust field response Estimation
Seedling host responses are normally scored as susceptible or resistant depending on the infection type produced with a designated isolate in a particular environment. The infection type produced will often change if the environment is altered.
BYDInc
Wheat yellow dwarf incidence in the plants caused by the agent wheat yellow dwarf virus.
Barley yellow dwarf incidence
Barley yellow dwarf incidence
Black point incidence
Black point incidence in the plants caused by the fungal species such as Helminthosporium sativum (Cochliobolus sativus), Alternaria alternata and fusarium spp. also black point symptoms are associated to physiological disorders.
BlkPtInc
Black point incidence
GN
Number of grains expressed as per unit area or sample.
Grain number
Number
Calculated as difference between biomass and grain yield.
StrawYield_Computation
TllrCapacity Estimation
Standard method for tillering capacity.
Thickness
Thickness of whole grain.
GThk
Grain thickness
Leaf steady-state fluorescence
The fluorescence emitting during steady state.
Steady-state fluorescence
Fs
TSpl
Terminal spikelet time
Terminal spikelet time is when the last spikelet, the terminal spikelet, has been produced.
Terminal spikelet time
Yield factor.
GYFac
Yield factor
Grain yield factor
WormDmg
The plant damage caused by worms.
Worm damage
Worm damage
1-3 GLMCOL scale
TanSpotInc Estimation
Standard method for tan spot incidence in adult plants.
PhiPS2 Measurement
Standard method for fluorescence measurement.
Drought tolerance
DroughtTol
Plant tolerance to drought conditions.
Drought tolerance
Plant tolerance to lower temperatures than the optimum.
ColdTol
Cold tolerance
Cold tolerance
tiller/m2
Leaf R550 Measurement
Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R550.
Observe vigour of the plants per plot/entry and rate it.
ErlVig Estimation
g/day
Black point incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of grain with black point symptoms.
BlkPtInc Estimation
Hd DS55 date Estimation
Record date of heading (DS55) when 50% of the spike is emerged (i.e., middle of the spike at the flag leaf ligule) on 50% of all stems.
Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp.
Fusarium head blight spike weight
FHBSpkWt
Fusarium head blight spike weight
First node detectable time
First node detectable time
FND
First node detectable time is when the stem starts the elongation or jointing period, first node becomes visible as it appears above the soil surface.
StmDia
Stem diameter
Stem outer diameter.
Diameter
The number of infertile spikelets (i.e., those NOT containing grain) per spike should be counted towards the end of grain-filling, but before physiological maturity (to avoid losses due to movement through the plots). Randomly sample 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the total number of spikelets (pair-by-pair, from the base to the tip), then obtain the average.
InfertSpkN Counting
1-8 generic disease field response scale
1-3 GRNPLUMP scale
Leaf electron transport rate
Transfer of electrons during photosynthesis in light saturated leaf.
Electron transport rate
ETR
Phosphorous content
Content of phosphorus in grain.
GPhos
Grain phosphorous content
1-6 Phenological relative scale
Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements.
CiCa Measurement
Standard method for stem wall thickness.
StmWallThk Measurement
Standard method for suni pest damage.
SuPDmg Estimation
GWid Measurement
Standard method for whole grain width.
Record date of double ridge stage (DS14-15 approx.). Double ridge signifies that the plant?s main growing point will produce no more primordial leaves, and instead will produce primordial spikelets of the young spike. The dissection and observation of the main tiller apex on an optic magnifier is required.
DR date Estimation
1-9 incidence scale
Length
Coleoptile length
Length of coleoptile (a protective sheath that surrounds the shoot tip and the embryonic leaves of the young shoot of grasses).
ColeopLng
SuPDmg
The plant damage caused by suni pest (Eurygaster spp., sunn pest, suni bug).
Suni pest damage
Suni pest damage
spikelet
LI Computation
Measurement of the light intercepted by the canopy using a ceptometer as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla.
InsectDmg
Insect damage
Insect damage
The plant damage caused by insects.
g
1-5 Septoria response scale
g/200 grain
Leaf lamina partitioning index.
LeafPI
Lamina partitioning index
Leaf lamina partitioning index
Standard method for southern blight response.
SrolfResp Estimation
Standard method for Septoria nodorum blotch incidence
SnodoInc Estimation
0-9 GRNAPP scale
1-3 STDEST scale
ml
grains/tiller
The fraction of Nitrogen recovered in the harvested grain as a function of the total Nitrogen taken up.
NHI
Nitrogen harvest index
Nitrogen harvest index
Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements.
ETR Measurement
Image Analysis Screen Count4
Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.2 ? 2.0 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.
FvDA Measurement
Variable fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf.
ISBM
All above-ground biomass at any developmental stage and/or at regular intervals from the emergence to physiological maturity.
In-season aboveground biomass
Aboveground biomass In-season
Heading time
Heading time extends from the time of emergence of the tip of the spike from the flag leaf sheath to when the spike has completely emerged but has not yet started to flower.
Hd
Heading time
scale_of
StomaSiz
Stomatal size
Leaf stomatal size
Stomata size.
TilSpSpkInc Estimation
Common bunt incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row.
CID determination
Proceed following the protocol for sampling of grains or leaves for CID in Chapter 6 in Pask et al., 2012. Mass spectrometers generate differential values of stable carbon isotope composition (?13C), expressed negative values in parts per thousand (?) (Farquhar et al., 1989): ?13C (?) = [(Rsample/Rstandard)?1] × 1000. Where: the ratio of heavy to light isotope (R = 13C/12C) for the sample is in comparison to Peedee Belemnite (PDB) carbonate (limestone) standard. Following Farquhar et al. (1989) ? rather than using carbon isotope composition values (?13C), positive values for CID (?13C) can be calculated for easier statistical analysis as: ?13C = [(?a-?p)]/[1 + (?p/1000)]
µmol CO2/mol
1-6 MIXTYP scale
g/100 grain
Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements.
Asat Measurement
Note Estimation
Notes taken in the field.
MIXOGRAPH determination AACC 54-40 A
1. A sample of 35 grams of flour on a 14 percent moisture basis is weighed and placed in a mixograph bowl, 2. Water is added to the flour from a buret and the bowl is inserted into the mixograph, 3. The flour and water are mixed together to form a dough, 4. As the dough is mixed, the mixograph records a curve on graph paper.
Glutenin Glu-B3 composition
GluB3
Glutenin Glu-B3 composition
Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-b3.
1-5 GHABIT scale
Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici.
Stripe rust severity
PstriSev
Stripe rust severity
Severity of rust in spike is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection.
PstriSpkSev Estimation
Amax Measurement
Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements.
Assessment of physiological maturity (approx. DS87) compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment.
Mat DS87 relative Estimation
Normalized difference vegetation index
Canopy red normalized difference vegetation index
RNDVI
Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size.
g/m2/day
Standard method for screening grain size distribution <1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.
Image Analysis Screen Count6
Nitrogen uptake
Uptake of Nitrogen in the whole above ground straw.
Straw Nitrogen uptake
STRNUp
LAI can be determined directly by taking a sample of canopy from a plant canopy, measuring the leaf area per sample plot with an area meter or image scanner and dividing it by the plot land surface area. Indirect methods use ceptometer to measure canopy geometry or light extinction and relate it to LAI. (LAI = leaf area / ground area, m2 / m2).
LAI Computation
HgramInc Estimation
Standard method for Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence.
Leaf spectral reflectance 750/700 nm
The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R750/R700 nm wavelength.
Spectral reflectance
LeafR750R700
Leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration
Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration
Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration.
Ci
Agronomic score
Rating of overall agronomic attributes and health of plants.
AgrScr
Phenotypic acceptability
Retention proportion
Proportion of big grain remaining above the sieve.
Grain retention
GReten
Fs Measurement
Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements.
FE Computation
Spike fertility index. Dry weight of 20 randomly selected spikes at anthesis. Fruiting Efficiency= number of grains at maturity / spike dry matter at anthesis.
TSpl DT Computation
Number of days from sowing to terminal spikelet (DS25-30 approx.). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date.
Calculated grain weight increase per degree day with climatic data where degree days are accumulating between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration (thermal time from day1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2.
GFRTT Computation
Flour yield
Yield
FlrYld
Proportion of flour recovered during milling.
BSMV Estimation
Standard method for barley stripe mosaic virus incidence.
ISBM Estimation
Standard method for In-season aboveground biomass.
Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light.
Asat
Light-saturated net photosynthesis
Leaf light-saturated net photosynthesis
SN Computation
Calculated from yield components sampling.
Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration.
GFP pct Computation
RsolaInc Estimation
Standard method for rhizoctonia root rot incidence.
Area
Area of the flag leaf lamina.
Flag leaf area
FLeafA
Plant tolerance to acid soil.
Acid soil tolerance
Acid soil tolerance
AcdTol
Standard method for stem strength.
StmStrength Estimation
Grain lysine content
Lysine content
GLys
Lysine content of the kernel/grain.
The plant damage caused by Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxis.
DnoxiDmg
Russian wheat aphid damage
Russian wheat aphid damage
GZinc Measurement
Standard method for grain zinc content.
1-5 HRDCLS scale
1-9 SPKDEN scale
GYellBer Measurement
Standard method for yellow berry incidence.
0-1 absent-present
Measurement of leaf thickness.
Leaf thickness
Thickness
LeafThk
Yield production rate
Grain yield production rate.
Grain yield production rate
GYPR
Gluten type is determined based on gluten properties data (flour protein content, Alveograph W, Alveograph P/L) following Peña 2011: Wheat End-use Quality types.
GluTyp Estimation
HNecro Estimation
Some forms of spotting and necrosis result from chromosomal instability or genetic aberrations, these disorders are known as hybrid necrosis. Affected plants show differing degrees of necrosis, often associated with stunting or dwarf clumping. Hybrid necrosis usually is observed in early generation material, and affected progeny are eliminated
0-9 RCERE scale
Barley leaf rust incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei.
PhordCI
Barley leaf rust coefficient of infection
Barley leaf rust coefficient of infection
1-3 STRAWStrength
TTTS Computation
Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until terminal spikelet(thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2.
Ci Computation
Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements.
StrawCol Estimation
Standard method for straw color.
Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.2 mm - 2.0 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.
Image Analysis Screen Mass4
StmSol
Solidness of stem.
Solidness
Stem solidness
Hd DS55 relative Estimation
Assessment of heading (DS55) compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment.
Standard spike dry weight method.
SpkDW Computation
Standard method for armyworm damage.
ArmyWDmg Estimation
GgtriInc Estimation
Standard method for take all incidence.
Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.0 mm - 1.6 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.
Image Analysis Screen Mass5
1-6 COLOR scale
1-3 GROWTHCLS scale
Grain surface area
Surface area
GsurfA
Surface of whole grain.
GReten Measurement
Measured as weight by percentage of all matter remaining above a 2 mm slotted screen ? 40 shakes in the direction of the slots.
NIRS Measurement
NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results.
1-5 density scale
Number
Infertile spike number
Number of infertile spikelet per spike.
InfertSpkN
Standard method for cookie spread factor.
CookSdF Measurement
Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes ONLY chlorophyll-a. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants.
Chlorophyll content
Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll a
LeafPSSRa
Length
Leaf length
Length of leaf.
LeafLng
1-4 PRECO scale
GNUp
Grain Nitrogen uptake
Nitrogen uptake
Uptake of Nitrogen in the whole wheat grain samples.
Spectral reflectance
Leaf spectral reflectance 550 nm
LeafR550
The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R550 nm wavelength.
Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch response.
StritResp Estimation
Whole meal flour SDS sedimentation
SDS-sedimentation volume
WMFlrSDS
Testing of whole-meal flour quality by SDS-sedimentation, a test estimating gluten-protein overall quality.
Cereal cyst nematodes are more readily detected on seedlings than on adult plants. The roots of infested plants develop frequent branches and swellings (cysts).
HavenDmg Estimation
Mat DS87 date Estimation
Record date of physiological maturity (approx. DS87). It is estimated as when the grain reaches the maximum dry weight and the grain becomes viable. It is most easily determined in-field when 50% of the peduncles are ripe (i.e., yellow).
Alveograph extensibility index
It is the extensibility index of the dough. (p200/p)*100, p200: pressure (p) at 4 cm (l= 40mm) of the curve.
Dough alveograph extensibility index
AlvIe
Salinity tolerance
Salinity tolerance
SaltTol
Plant tolerance to soil salinity.
Flour protein content
Total protein content (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in refined flour.
FlrProt
Protein content
Photochemical reflectance index is correlated with the de-epoxidation stage of the xanthophylls cycle, with zeaxanthin, and with radiation-use efficiency (filella et al., 1996). higher pri values indicate greater efficiency.
Canopy photochemical reflectance index
PRI
Photochemical reflectance index
Yield
Amount (weight) of grains that was harvested.
Grain yield
GY
Maturity time starts at hard dough stage (ds87) often called physiological maturity.
Mat
Maturity time
Maturity time
Glaucousness
LeafGlau
Leaf glaucousness
Glaucousness in leaf.
Common root rot incidence
RootRot
Common root rot incidence in the plants caused by the agents Cochliobolus sativus, fusarium spp., and Pythium species.
Common root rot incidence
NIRS Fibre Measurement
NIR calibrated
Length of stem.
Stem length
StmLng
Length
Count the number of infertile tillers.
InfertTN Counting
LeafTNecro
Tip necrosis
Leaf tip necrosis incidence
A physiological phenomenon caused by hot, dry and windy weather. the whole tip of the flag leaf tends to be necrotic and will often fold over. leaf tip necrosis progresses from the margins of the flag leaf tip and lower leaves as well show some signs of it. leaf tip necrosis is observed to some extent in all wheat varieties containing the leaf rust gene resistance gene lr34.
Yellowness
Flour yellowness
FlrYellCls
Flour yellowness.
Normalized water index 2
Canopy normalized water index 2
Normalized water index 2 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85).
NWI2
Boot DS45 date Estimation
Record booting stage (DS45) when 50% of culms present boot swollen.
Standard method for root disease development.
RootDis Estimation
RootDis
Root disease development
The plant damage caused by root diseases.
Root disease development
Temperature depression
Difference between ambient temperature and canopy temperature.
Canopy temperature depression
CTD
GlmLng Measurement
Standard method for glume length.
degree C
Grain protein content
Content of protein (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples.
Protein content
GProt
RSpkGP
Rapid spike growth period.
Rapid spike growth period
Grain Filling duration
Standard method for Spot blotch incidence.
HsatiLInc Estimation
Number of days required from sowing to spike emergence from the flag leaf (DS55). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date.
Hd DS55 days Computation
node
Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at temperature lower than the optimum temperature and rate the tolerance.
ColdTol Estimation
1-5 GLUTYP scale
Partitioning index
SpkPI
Spike partitioning index
Spike partitioning index.
Record date of terminal spikelet stage (DS25-30 approx.). It is estimated as the date at which the final spikelet can be observed on the forming spike within the stem of the main culm, typically measured on around 3-5 plants per plot. It required a main tiller dissection and an observation of the apex on an optic magnifier.
TSpl date Estimation
Fusarium head blight spike incidence
FHBSpkInc
Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in spikes caused by the agent fusarium spp.
Fusarium head blight spike incidence
Time period between emergence (ds10) and first node detectable (ds31).
VgP
Vegetative period
Plant vegetative period
Standard method for spectral reflectance.
RNDVI Measurement
tiller/m
Grain number (GNO) as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. GNO determines the sink size of the crop and under many conditions it is strongly correlated with yield. Grains/m2 (GNO) = yield (g/m2) / TGW (g) × 1000.
GN Computation
Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid
RARSc
Rarsc is an estimation of carotenoid content.
Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid
Grain color
Color
Grain color.
GCol
Amount of straw breakage.
StrawBreak
Breakage
Straw breakage
cm2
Whole-grain Nitrogen content.
Nitrogen content
GNitr
Grain Nitrogen content
PhotopResp Estimation
Observe the tendency of flowering according day-length
Awn color
Awn color.
Color
AwnCol
0-9 AWNS scale
a value
Anet Measurement
Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements.
Nitrogen Use Efficiency
The grain dry mass (grain yield) production per Nitrogen available to a plant.
Nitrogen use efficiency
NUE
GFPTT Computation
Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration (thermal time from day1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2.
Fusarium head blight DON content
Content of deoxynivalenol or don (vomitoxin) that is often associated with fhb (fusarium spp.) infected grains.
Fusarium head blight DON content
FHBDON
Testing of refined flour quality by sds-sedimentation, a test estimating gluten-protein overall quality.
Flour SDS sedimentation
SDS sedimentation volume
FlrSDS
Standard method for flag leaf area.
FLeafA Measurement
Standard method for Stripe rust incidence.
PstriInc Estimation
Standard method for russian wheat aphid damage.
DnoxiDmg Estimation
Standard method for Fusarium graminearum response.
FgramResp Estimation
Maximal level of fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf.
FmLA Measurement
Visual observation of grains size.
GSize Estimation
1-5 TANSPOT field response scale
TestWt
Test weight or specific weight is the weight of a fixed volume of clean grains.
Grain test weight
Test weight
plant/m2
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FlrYellCls Measurement
0-5 FHB field response scale
LRollInc Estimation
Standard method for leaf rolling incidence.
Standard method for wheat bacterial leaf blight severity.
BLBSev Estimation
Temperature
Canopy temperature
The surface temperature of the canopy is related to the amount of transpiration resulting in evaporative cooling.
CT
It is the p/g ratio.
Dough alveograph P/G
AlvPG
Alveograph P/G
1-5 incidence scale
Sharp eyespot incidence
Sharp eyespot incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhizoctonia cerealis.
Sharp eyespot incidence
RcereInc
Observe the growth habit of wheat plants during tillering stages and rate whether erect/semi-erect/prostrate/semi-spreading/spreading
GrwHabit Estimation
Calculated with final biomass obtained /days to maturity.
BMPR Computation
Cyst nematode damage
HavenDmg
Cyst nematode damage
The wheat cyst nematode damage caused by cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae.
Standard method for content of deoxynivalenol or DON (vomitoxin) that is often associated with FHB (Fusarium spp.) infected grains.
FHBDON Measurement
Establish
StdEst
Stand establishment
Measurement of plant emergence and vigor in the field.
Mat DS87 DT Computation
Number of days required from sowing to physiological maturity (approx. DS87). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date.
Standard method for leaf rust response.
PrecoResp Estimation
Straw Nitrogen content
Nitrogen content
Nitrogen content of the above ground straw biomass.
STRNitr
WormDmg Estimation
Standard method for worm damage.
spike/m
Light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis
Amax
Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light and CO2.
Leaf light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis
RARSa
Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll a
Rarsa is an estimation of chlorophyll a content.
Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll a
StrawStn
Strength of straw.
Straw strength
Strength
Spot blotch incidence
Spot blotch incidence
HsatiLInc
Spot blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (helminthosporium sativum).
Crop growth rate
It is the rate of dry matter production per unit area.
CGR
Biomass production
RootRot Estimation
Standard method for common root rot incidence.
TindiInc
Karnal bunt incidence
Karnal bunt incidence
Karnal bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia indica (syn. Neovossia indica).
GWid
Width of whole grain.
Width
Grain width
Standard method for leaf pubescence density.
LeafPubDen Estimation
LeafPI Computation
Leaf Lamina Coefficient = Lamina DM measured at7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of leaf lamina is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant.
Shape characteristics of typical mature spikes.
SpkTyp
Type
Spike type
SemoCol
The semolina color.
Semolina color
Color
FvLA Measurement
Variable fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf.
plant/m
Number of days from sowing to initiation of booting (DS39-DS41). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date.
Boot DS39 DT Computation
Number of days from sowing to first node detectable. However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date.
FND DS31 DT Computation
Yield
StrawYld
Amount (weight) of straw.
Straw yield
Leaf R750/R550 Measurement
Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/R550.
GrwHabit
Growth habit
The growth habit of the plant whether erect/semi-erect/semi-spreading/spreading/prostrate.
Plant growth habit
FoxiWilt
Fusarium wilt incidence
Fusarium wilt incidence
Fusarium wilt incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium oxysporum.
?mol/m2/s
Calculated with grain yield obtained /days to maturity.
GYPR Computation
Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements.
LeafTR Measurement
g/plot
StmCol Estimation
Standard method for stem color.
Observe the tendency of grain to sprout when in the spike and rate the tolerance.
SproutTol Estimation
Severity of rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection.
Rust severity Estimation
Variable fluorescence
Leaf variable fluorescence
FvLA
Variable fluorescence measured in the leaf.
Record date of anthesis (DS65) when 50% of spikes have flowered (i.e. at least 1 anther dehisced).
Ant DS65 date Estimation
s/m
Aboveground biomass at maturity
BM
All above-ground biomass at maturity.
Aboveground biomass at maturity
TTH
Thermal Time from emergence to Heading (GS55).
Heading thermal time
Heading thermal time
HtereInc Estimation
Standard method for net blotch incidence.
Count the total number of grains per tiller.
GrnTllr Computation
Whole meal flour yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds.
Whole meal flour yellow pigment content
WMFlrYellPig
Yellow pigment content
Flour falling number
Falling number
FlrFN
The falling number is defined as the time in seconds required stirring and allowing stirrer to fall a measured distance through a hot aqueous flour or meal gel undergoing liquefaction due to a-amylase activity.
Tan spot incidence
TanSpotInc
Tan spot incidence
Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin.
Stem rust (black rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici.
Stem rust coefficient of infection
PgramCI
Stem rust coefficient of infection
Standard method for leaf rolling severity.
LRollSev Estimation
Spike number
Number of spikes (fertile culms) per unit area, sample or plant.
Number
SN
Boot DS45 DT Computation
Number of days from sowing to booting stage (DS45). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date.
HailDmg
Hail damage
Hail damage
Plant damage caused by hail.
0-9 scoring scale
Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration.
GFP days Computation
Stay-green assessment is conducted through the growing season, starting with the onset of the senescence of the specific organ to be evaluated.
StayGreen Estimation
NIR calibrated
NIRS Starch Measurement
Moisture content is determined by drying a grain wheat sample in an air oven and comparing the weight of the sample before and after heating. The amount of weight loss is the moisture content. Moisture content results are expressed as a percentage.
GMoi Estimation
Spike dry weight
SpkDW
Dry weight of spike(s).
Spike dry weight
Calculate grain yield of an entry as percentage over a local check.
GY Relative to check Computation
It can be easily and non-destructively measured during grain-filling (i.e., before physiological maturity) by counting in a given area or length of row.
SN Measurement
UagroResp Estimation
Standard method for flag smut field response.
PnegleDmg Estimation
Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic.
Standard method for stomatal frequency.
StomaFrq Counting
Standard method for hessian fly damage.
HesFlyDmg Estimation
Glume color
GlmCol
Color observation on the outer glume at maturity.
Color
Threshability
Threshblty
Threshability (ease to thresh) is a score where several spike-related traits such as rachis fragility (brittle or non-brittle rachis) and glume tenacity (hulled or free-threshing).
Spike threshability
Leaf carbon isotope discrimination
Carbon isotope discrimination
Leaves carbon isotope discrimination can be measured in the leaves during early canopy development in well irrigated trials, in which case genotypic effects will be related mainly to transpiration efficiency.
LeafCID
Measured in centimeters from the base of the spike to the tip excluding the awns (average of 6-10 random spikes in plot).
SpkLng Measurement
CCI
GrwStg Zadoks Estimation
Observe the growth stage or development stage (DS) of wheat plants using the Zadoks scale decimal code, based on 10 major stages, with each stage divided into sub-stages.
FolDis Estimation
Standard method for foliar disease development.
InsectDmg Estimation
Standard method for insect damage.
Boot DS39 date Estimation
Record date of initiation of booting stage when 50% of the culms expected to produce spikes are between DS39 (Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible) and DS41 (Flag leaf sheath extending).
ISBM Measurement
Sampling is typically performed at sequential developmental stages/time intervals through crop growth. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. In most cases, determinations of dry mass are made on representative sub-samples to reduce oven space requirement, take additional measurements (e.g., fertile culm count) etc. Several protocols available (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives.
Minimal level of fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf.
FoLA Measurement
Grain filling period
Time period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87).
GFP
Grain filling period
Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes ONLY chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants.
LeafPSSRb
Chlorophyll content
Awn length.
AwnLng
Length
Awn length
Density or compactness of a wheat spike.
SpkDen
Spike density
Density
PherpResp
Eyespot plant response
Eye spot response in the plants caused by the fungal species Tapesia yallundae (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoide w-type) and Tapesia acuformis (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides r-type). Symptoms: the eye shape elliptical lesions forms on lower base of stem and lower leaf sheath. The eyespots are straw yellow in color from the middle and are surrounded by the greenish brown to dark brown rings.
Eyespot plant response
Bird damage
Bird damage
BirdDmg
The plant damage caused by birds.
Record date of when 50% of seedlings have emerged (DS10).
Emer DS10 date Estimation
Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results
Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results
Plant tolerance to heat conditions.
HeatTol
Heat tolerance
Heat tolerance
GluA1
Glutenin Glu-A1 composition
Glutenin Glu-A1 composition
High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-a1.
Common bunt spike incidence
Common bunt (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia species.
Common bunt spike incidence
TilSpSpkInc
Dough alveograph value L
Alveograph value L
AlvL
L value is the extensibility of the dough before the bubble breaks. it is indicated by the length of the curve.
SpkTyp Estimation
Standard method for spike type.
SBMVInc
Soil borne mosaic incidence
Soil borne mosaic incidence in the plants caused by the agent soilborne wheat mosaic virus (sbwmv) which is vectored by Plasmodiophorid polymyxa graminis.
Soil borne mosaic incidence
Fusarium graminearum incidence in the plants.
Fusarium graminearum incidence
FgramInc
Fusarium graminearum incidence
GlmGlau Estimation
Standard method for glume glaucousness.
An tillering capacity.
Tillering capacity
TllrCapacity
Tillering capacity
FoDA Measurement
Minimal level of fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf.
Standard method for winter survival.
Wsurv Estimation
m
Mixograph mixing time
Dough Mixograph mixing time
MixTim
Time required for the dough development from beginning of mixing flour and water to the dough reaches maximum consistency (peak).
TTM Computation
Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until physiological maturity (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2.
Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) response in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin.
TanSpotResp
Tan spot plant response
Tan spot plant response
Dough mixograph torque
MixTq
It is the torque measured during the mixograph test.
Mixograph torque
Standard method for Fusarium graminearum incidence.
FgramInc Estimation
The cellular structure of wheat bread crumb.
Structure
Bread crumb structure
CrmStr
infertile tiller/m2
Ash content
Whole meal flour ash content
WMFlrAsh
Ash content in flour.