The Biological Collections Ontology
type: Ontology
version IRI: bco.owl
Contributor: Robert Guralnick
license: http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Contributor: John Wieczorek
Contributor: John Deck
Contributor: Biocode Commons Ontology Hackathon members
Contributor: Barry Smith
creator: Ramona Walls
default language: en
comment: The Biological Collections Ontology was originally created at the Biocode Commons Hackathon at GSC14. Older versions can be viewed at http://code.google.com/p/biocode-commons/source/browse/#svn%2Ftrunk%2Fontologies%2Fbiocollections.

taxonomic inventory metadata preferred name
type: AnnotationProperty
sub property of: alternative term

BCO preferred label
type: AnnotationProperty

dwc_bco mapping
type: AnnotationProperty

BFO OWL specification label
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: Relates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification.
curator note: Really of interest to developers only
sub property of: label

BFO CLIF specification label
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: Relates an entity in the ontology to the term that is used to represent it in the the CLIF specification of BFO2
definition source: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
curator note: Really of interest to developers only
sub property of: label

editor preferred term
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: editor preferred label
editor preferred term: editor preferred term
has curation status: ready for release
definition: The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English)
term editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
label: editor preferred label

example of usage
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: example
editor preferred term: example of usage
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A phrase describing how a class name should be used. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding of a class semantics, such as widely known prototypical subclasses or instances of the class. Although essential for high level terms, examples for low level terms (e.g., Affymetrix HU133 array) are not
term editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>

in branch
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: in branch
definition: An annotation property indicating which module the terms belong to. This is currently experimental and not implemented yet.
term editor: GROUP:OBI
definition source: OBI_0000277

has curation status
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: has curation status
term editor: PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON:Bill Bug
term editor: PERSON:Melanie Courtot
definition source: OBI_0000281

definition
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: definition
has curation status: ready for release
definition: The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
definition: The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
editor note: 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with.
term editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
label: textual definition

editor note
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: editor note
has curation status: ready for release
definition: An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology.
term editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obfoundry.org/obo/obi>

term editor
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: term editor
has curation status: ready for release
definition: Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people
editor note: 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See http://code.google.com/p/information-artifact-ontology/issues/detail?id=115.
term editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>

alternative term
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: alternative term
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: An alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent)
term editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>

definition source
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: definition source
has curation status: ready for release
definition: formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
term editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>

has obsolescence reason
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: has obsolescence reason
definition: Relates an annotation property to an obsolescence reason. The values of obsolescence reasons come from a list of predefined terms, instances of the class obsolescence reason specification.
term editor: PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON:Melanie Courtot

curator note
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: curator note
has curation status: ready for release
definition: An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user
term editor: PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg

is denotator type
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: is denotator type
definition: relates an class defined in an ontology, to the type of it's denotator
editor note: In OWL 2 add AnnotationPropertyRange('is denotator type' 'denotator type')
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg

imported from
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: imported from
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported
term editor: PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON:Melanie Courtot
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>

expand expression to
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: expand expression to
example of usage: ObjectProperty: RO_0002104 Label: has plasma membrane part Annotations: IAO_0000424 "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.org/obo/owl/GO#GO_0005886 and http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?Y)"
definition: A macro expansion tag applied to an object property (or possibly a data property) which can be used by a macro-expansion engine to generate more complex expressions from simpler ones
term editor: Chris Mungall

expand assertion to
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: expand assertion to
example of usage: ObjectProperty: RO??? Label: spatially disjoint from Annotations: expand_assertion_to "DisjointClasses: (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?X) (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?Y)"
definition: A macro expansion tag applied to an annotation property which can be expanded into a more detailed axiom.
term editor: Chris Mungall

first order logic expression
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: first order logic expression
term editor: PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg

antisymmetric property
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: antisymmetric property
example of usage: part_of antisymmetric property xsd:true
definition: use boolean value xsd:true to indicate that the property is an antisymmetric property
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg

OBO foundry unique label
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: OBO foundry unique label
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: An alternative name for a class or property which is unique across the OBO Foundry.
editor note: The intended usage of that property is as follow: OBO foundry unique labels are automatically generated based on regular expressions provided by each ontology, so that SO could specify unique label = 'sequence ' + [label], etc. , MA could specify 'mouse + [label]' etc. Upon importing terms, ontology developers can choose to use the 'OBO foundry unique label' for an imported term or not. The same applies to tools .
term editor: PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON:Bjoern Peters
term editor: PERSON:Chris Mungall
term editor: PERSON:Melanie Courtot
definition source: GROUP:OBO Foundry <http://obofoundry.org/>

has ID digit count
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO"
definition: Relates an ontology used to record id policy to the number of digits in the URI. The URI is: the 'has ID prefix" annotation property value concatenated with an integer in the id range (left padded with "0"s to make this many digits)
term editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg

has ID range allocated to
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: Datatype: idrange:1 Annotations: 'has ID range allocated to': "Chris Mungall" EquivalentTo: xsd:integer[> 2151 , <= 2300]
definition: Relates a datatype that encodes a range of integers to the name of the person or organization who can use those ids constructed in that range to define new terms
term editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg

has ID policy for
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO"
definition: Relating an ontology used to record id policy to the ontology namespace whose policy it manages
term editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg

has ID prefix
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO"
definition: Relates an ontology used to record id policy to a prefix concatenated with an integer in the id range (left padded with "0"s to make this many digits) to construct an ID for a term being created.
term editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg

elucidation
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: elucidation
term editor: person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Person:Barry Smith
elucidation: Primitive terms in a highest-level ontology such as BFO are terms which are so basic to our understanding of reality that there is no way of defining them in a non-circular fashion. For these, therefore, we can provide only elucidations, supplemented by examples and by axioms

has associated axiom(nl)
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: has associated axiom(nl)
term editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
elucidation: An axiom associated with a term expressed using natural language

has associated axiom(fol)
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: has associated axiom(fol)
term editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
elucidation: An axiom expressed in first order logic using CLIF syntax

is allocated id range
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: is allocated id range
definition: Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology
definition: Relates an ontology IRI to an (inclusive) range of IRIs in an OBO name space. The range is give as, e.g. "IAO_0020000-IAO_0020999"
term editor: PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg

has axiom label
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: has axiom id
term editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
elucidation: A URI that is intended to be unique label for an axiom used for tracking change to the ontology. For an axiom expressed in different languages, each expression is given the same URI

term replaced by
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: term replaced by
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology
definition: Use on obsolete terms, relating the term to another term that can be used as a substitute
term editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Person:Alan Ruttenberg

has_specified_input
type: AnnotationProperty
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has input
inverse of: is_specified_input_of
domain: planned process
imported from: obi.owl
term editor: PERSON: Bjoern Peters
definition: A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
has curation status: ready for release
editor preferred term: has_specified_input
editor note: 8/17/09: specified inputs of one process are not necessarily specified inputs of a larger process that it is part of. This is in contrast to how 'has participant' works.
term editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON: Larry Hunter
example of usage: see is_input_of example_of_usage
term editor: PERSON: Melanie Coutot

ISA alternative term
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: ISA alternative term
has curation status: ready for release
definition: An alternative term used by the ISA tools project (http://isa-tools.org).
term editor: Person: Alejandra Gonzalez-Beltran
term editor: Person: Philippe Rocca-Serra
definition source: ISA tools project (http://isa-tools.org)
sub property of: alternative term

IEDB alternative term
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: IEDB alternative term
has curation status: ready for release
definition: An alternative term used by the IEDB.
term editor: PERSON:Randi Vita, Jason Greenbaum, Bjoern Peters
definition source: IEDB
sub property of: alternative term

temporal interpretation
type: AnnotationProperty

has input
type: AnnotationProperty
type: ObjectProperty

Contributor
type: AnnotationProperty

Creator
type: AnnotationProperty

Date
type: AnnotationProperty

Description
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: An account of the content of the resource.

Format
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: The physical or digital manifestation of the resource.

Subject and Keywords
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: The topic of the content of the resource.

Title
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: A name given to the resource.

dwc_terms status
type: AnnotationProperty

shorthand
type: AnnotationProperty

has role
type: ObjectProperty
definition: The relationship between an independent continuant and a role. Slightly more specific than the parent class bearer of.
comment: This property was originally created in OBI, but in OBI it was deprecated and replaced by BFO:0000087. However, the BFO relation was replaced by has role at some time, which is not yet part of a stable release. Once the BFO role has been tested and released, it may replace this relation.

derives from by planned process
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
has obsolescence reason: to be replaced with external ontology term
deprecated: true

is derived into by planned process
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
editor note: This property used an old version of the has input relation, so it has been deprecated.
has obsolescence reason: to be replaced with external ontology term
deprecated: true

to taxon
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
domain: identification assertion
range: Taxon
comment: This relation is used specifically to link a taxonomic association to a taxon and is used with the of organism relation.

of organism
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
domain: identification assertion
range: organismal entity
comment: This relation specifically links an identification association to an organismal entity and is used together with the to taxon relation.

member of taxon
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part of
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: of organism
property chain axiom: to taxon
comment: A shortcut relation to an organsimal entity to a taxon or taxa.

part of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has part
type: TransitiveProperty
editor preferred term: is part of
example of usage: my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)
example of usage: my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)
example of usage: this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)
definition: a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
editor note: Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other.
editor note: Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
editor note: Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'.
alternative term: part_of
temporal interpretation: axiom holds for all times

has part
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
editor preferred term: has part
example of usage: my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)
example of usage: my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)
example of usage: this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)
definition: a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
editor note: Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part.
editor note: Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
editor note: Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'.
alternative term: has_part
imported from: obi.owl
temporal interpretation: axiom holds for all times

inheres in
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: s depends on
inverse of: is bearer of
type: FunctionalProperty
range: independent continuant
editor preferred term: inheres in
alternative term: inheres_in
imported from: obi.owl

is bearer of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: independent continuant
editor preferred term: is bearer of
alternative term: bearer of
alternative term: bearer_of
imported from: obi.owl

is realized by
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: realizes
domain: realizable entity
range: process
editor preferred term: is realized by
editor preferred term: realized in
example of usage: this disease is realized in this disease course
example of usage: this fragility is realized in this shattering
example of usage: this investigator role is realized in this investigation
alternative term: is realized by
alternative term: realized by
alternative term: realized_by
alternative term: realized_in
imported from: obi.owl
elucidation: [copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
comment: Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
label: realized in

realizes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: process
range: realizable entity
editor preferred term: realizes
example of usage: this disease course realizes this disease
example of usage: this investigation realizes this investigator role
example of usage: this shattering realizes this fragility
imported from: obi.owl
elucidation: to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
comment: Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process

occurs in
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: contains process
domain: occurrent
range: independent continuant
property chain axiom: part of
editor preferred term: occurs in
definition: b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
alternative term: occurs_in
alternative term: unfolds in
alternative term: unfolds_in
comment: Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant

contains process
type: ObjectProperty
editor preferred term: site of
definition: [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
comment: Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant

s depends on
type: ObjectProperty
domain: specifically dependent continuant
range: independent continuant
editor preferred term: s depends on
alternative term: s_depends_on
imported from: obi.owl

has role
type: ObjectProperty
editor preferred term: has role
alternative term: has_role
imported from: obi.owl

is about
type: ObjectProperty
domain: information content entity
editor preferred term: is about
example of usage: This document is about information artifacts and their representations
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: is_about is a (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity.
term editor: person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy
imported from: obi.owl

is_specified_input_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is input of
range: planned process
editor preferred term: is_specified_input_of
example of usage: some Autologous EBV(Epstein-Barr virus)-transformed B-LCL (B lymphocyte cell line) is_input_for instance of Chromum Release Assay described at https://wiki.cbil.upenn.edu/obiwiki/index.php/Chromium_Release_assay
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON:Bjoern Peters
imported from: obi.owl

has_specified_output
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has output
inverse of: is_specified_output_of
domain: planned process
editor preferred term: has_specified_output
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
term editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON: Bjoern Peters
term editor: PERSON: Larry Hunter
term editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot
imported from: obi.owl

is_specified_output_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is output of
range: planned process
editor preferred term: is_specified_output_of
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON:Bjoern Peters
imported from: obi.owl

achieves_planned_objective
type: ObjectProperty
domain: planned process
range: objective specification
editor preferred term: achieves_planned_objective
example of usage: A cell sorting process achieves the objective specification 'material separation objective'
has curation status: FossilSpecimen
definition: This relation obtains between a planned process and a objective specification when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process.
term editor: BP, AR, PPPB branch
definition source: PPPB branch derived
curator note: modified according to email thread from 1/23/09 in accordince with DT and PPPB branch
imported from: obi.owl

has value specification
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
domain: information content entity
range: value specification
editor preferred term: has value specification
has curation status: FossilSpecimen
definition: A relation between an information content entity and a value specification that specifies its value.
term editor: PERSON: James A. Overton
definition source: OBI
imported from: obi.owl

inheres in
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: bearer of
editor preferred term: inheres in
example of usage: this fragility inheres in this vase
example of usage: this red color inheres in this apple
definition: a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists.
alternative term: inheres_in
temporal interpretation: axiom holds for all times

bearer of
type: ObjectProperty
range: specifically dependent continuant
editor preferred term: bearer of
example of usage: this apple is bearer of this red color
example of usage: this vase is bearer of this fragility
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist.
alternative term: bearer_of
alternative term: is bearer of
temporal interpretation: axiom holds for all times

participates in
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has participant
domain: continuant
range: occurrent
editor preferred term: participates in
example of usage: this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation
example of usage: this input material (or this output material) participates in this process
example of usage: this investigator participates in this investigation
definition: a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
alternative term: participates_in

has participant
type: ObjectProperty
domain: occurrent
range: continuant
editor preferred term: has participant
example of usage: this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot
example of usage: this investigation has participant this investigator
example of usage: this process has participant this input material (or this output material)
definition: a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
editor note: Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.
alternative term: has_participant
source: http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant

is concretized as
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: concretizes
domain: generically dependent continuant
range: specifically dependent continuant
example of usage: A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
example of usage: An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
definition: A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants.

concretizes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: specifically dependent continuant
range: generically dependent continuant
example of usage: A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
example of usage: An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
definition: A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant.

function of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: inheres in
inverse of: has function
domain: function
example of usage: this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme
definition: a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
alternative term: function_of
alternative term: is function of

quality of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: inheres in
inverse of: has quality
example of usage: this red color is a quality of this apple
definition: a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists.
alternative term: is quality of
alternative term: quality_of

role of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: inheres in
inverse of: has role
example of usage: this investigator role is a role of this person
definition: a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
alternative term: is role of
alternative term: role_of

has function
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: bearer of
domain: independent continuant
range: function
example of usage: this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function)
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
alternative term: has_function

has quality
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: bearer of
range: quality
example of usage: this apple has quality this red color
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist.
alternative term: has_quality

has role
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: bearer of
domain: independent continuant
range: role
example of usage: this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
alternative term: has_role

has disposition
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: bearer of
inverse of: disposition of
domain: independent continuant
range: disposition
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence

disposition of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: inheres in

derives from
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: derives into
example of usage: this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division)
example of usage: this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division)
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
editor note: This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'.
alternative term: derives_from

derives into
type: ObjectProperty
example of usage: this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division)
example of usage: this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division)
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
editor note: This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'.
alternative term: derives_into

location of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: located in
type: TransitiveProperty
editor preferred term: is location of
example of usage: my head is the location of my brain
example of usage: this cage is the location of this rat
definition: a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location
editor note: Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
alternative term: location_of
temporal interpretation: axiom holds for all times

located in
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
editor preferred term: located in
example of usage: my brain is located in my head
example of usage: this rat is located in this cage
definition: a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location
editor note: Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus
editor note: Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
alternative term: located_in
temporal interpretation: axiom holds for all times
source: http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:located_in

2D boundary of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has 2D boundary
example of usage: the surface of my skin is a 2D boundary of my body
definition: a relation between a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary) and a material entity, in which the boundary delimits the material entity
editor note: A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts.
editor note: Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape.
alternative term: 2D_boundary_of
alternative term: boundary of
alternative term: is 2D boundary of
alternative term: is boundary of
temporal interpretation: axiom holds for all times

has 2D boundary
type: ObjectProperty
domain: material entity
range: immaterial entity
example of usage: my body has 2D boundary the surface of my skin
definition: a relation between a material entity and a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary), in which the boundary delimits the material entity
editor note: A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts.
editor note: Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape.
alternative term: has boundary
alternative term: has_2D_boundary
temporal interpretation: axiom holds for all times

has output
type: ObjectProperty

member of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part of
inverse of: has member
example of usage: An organism that is a member of a population of organisms
definition: is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection.
alternative term: is member of
alternative term: member part of
definition source: SIO
temporal interpretation: axiom holds for all times

has member
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
type: IrreflexiveProperty
definition: has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item.
definition source: SIO
temporal interpretation: axiom holds for all times

is input of
type: ObjectProperty

is output of
type: ObjectProperty

bibliographicCitation
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Organizational term to help define related terms. Do not use for data annotation with Darwin Core.

date
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Organizational term to help define related terms. Do not use for data annotation with Darwin Core.

Accepted Name Usage
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "Tamias minimus" valid name for "Eutamias minimus"
has version: acceptedNameUsage-2009-09-21
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-09-21
replaces: acceptedScientificName-2009-07-06
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Taxon
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The full name, with authorship and date information if known, of the currently valid (zoological) or accepted (botanical) taxon.

According To
type: DatatypeProperty
has version: accordingTo-2009-01-21
issued: 2009-01-21
modified: 2009-01-21
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: Abstract term to attribute information to a source.
comment: Organizational term to help define related terms. Do not use for data annotation.

Associated Media
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "http://arctos.database.museum/SpecimenImages/UAMObs/Mamm/2/P7291179.JPG"
has version: associatedMedia-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: ImageURL-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/MultimediaObjects
organized in class: Occurrence
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A list (concatenated and separated) of identifiers (publication, global unique identifier, URI) of media associated with the Occurrence.

Associated Occurrences
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "sibling of FMNH:Mammal:1234; sibling of FMNH:Mammal:1235"
has version: associatedOccurrences-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: RelatedCatalogedItems-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Associations/UnitAssociation/AssociatedUnitSourceInstitutionCode + DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Associations/UnitAssociation/AssociatedUnitSourceName + DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Associations/UnitAssociation/AssociatedUnitID
organized in class: Occurrence
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A list (concatenated and separated) of identifiers of other Occurrence records and their associations to this Occurrence.

Associated Organisms
type: DatatypeProperty
description: The recommended best practice is to separate the values with a vertical bar (' | '). Examples: "sibling of MXA-232", "mother of MXA-231 | mother of MXA-232".
has version: associatedOrganisms-2014-10-23
issued: 2014-10-23
modified: 2014-10-23
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
decision: Decision-2014-10-26 14
organized in class: Organism
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A list (concatenated and separated) of identifiers of other Organisms and their associations to this Organism.

Associated References
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/322/5899/261", "Christopher J. Conroy, Jennifer L. Neuwald. 2008. Phylogeographic study of the California vole, Microtus californicus Journal of Mammalogy, 89(3):755-767."
has version: associatedReferences-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/UnitReferences
organized in class: Occurrence
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A list (concatenated and separated) of identifiers (publication, bibliographic reference, global unique identifier, URI) of literature associated with the Occurrence.

Associated Sequences
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "GenBank: U34853.1"
has version: associatedSequences-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: GenBankNumber-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Sequences/Sequence/ID-in-Database + constant
organized in class: Occurrence
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A list (concatenated and separated) of identifiers (publication, global unique identifier, URI) of genetic sequence information associated with the Occurrence.

Associated Taxa
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "host: Quercus alba"
has version: associatedTaxa-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Synecology/AssociatedTaxa
organized in class: Occurrence
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A list (concatenated and separated) of identifiers or names of taxa and their associations with the Occurrence.

Basis of Record
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "PreservedSpecimen", "FossilSpecimen", "LivingSpecimen", "HumanObservation", "MachineObservation"
has version: basisOfRecord-2009-12-07
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-12-07
replaces: basisOfRecord-2009-09-11
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/RecordBasis
decision: Decision-2009-12-07 2
organized in class: all
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The specific nature of the data record - a subtype of the dcterms:type. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Darwin Core Type Vocabulary (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/type-vocabulary/index.htm).

Bed
type: DatatypeProperty
has version: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/history/#bed-2009-04-24
issued: 2009-04-24
modified: 2009-07-06
replaces: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Bed-2005-07-03
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Geological Context
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The full name of the lithostratigraphic bed from which the cataloged item was collected.

Behavior
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "roosting", "foraging", "running"
has version: behavior-2009-04-24
issued: 2009-03-06
modified: 2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Occurrence
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A description of the behavior shown by the subject at the time the Occurrence was recorded. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.

Catalog Number
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "2008.1334", "145732a", "145732"
has version: catalogNumber-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: CatalogNumber-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/UnitID
organized in class: Occurrence
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: An identifier (preferably unique) for the record within the data set or collection.

Class
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Mammalia", "Hepaticopsida"
has version: class-2009-08-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-08-24
replaces: class-2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification/TaxonIdentified/HigherTaxa/HigherTaxon/HigherTaxonName with HigherTaxa/HigherTaxon/HigherTaxonRank = classis
organized in class: Taxon
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The full scientific name of the class in which the taxon is classified.

Collection Code
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Mammals", "Hildebrandt", "eBird"
has version: collectionCode-2009-09-11
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2013-10-04
replaces: collectionCode-2009-08-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/SourceID
organized in class: all
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The name, acronym, coden, or initialism identifying the collection or data set from which the record was derived.

Collection ID
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34818"
has version: collectionID-2009-09-11
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2013-10-04
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/SourceID
organized in class: all
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: An identifier for the collection or dataset from which the record was derived. For physical specimens, the recommended best practice is to use the identifier in a collections registry such as the Biodiversity Collections Index (http://www.biodiversitycollectionsindex.org/).

Continent
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Africa", "Antarctica", "Asia", "Europe", "North America", "Oceania", "South America"
has version: continent-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2013-10-04
replaces: Continent-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/NamedAreas/NamedArea/AreaName with NamedAreas/NamedArea/AreaClass= Continent
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The name of the continent in which the Location occurs. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.

Coordinate Precision
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "0.00001" (normal GPS limit for decimal degrees), "0.000278" (nearest second), "0.01667" (nearest minute), "1.0" (nearest degree)
has version: coordinatePrecision-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: CoordinatePrecision-2003-06-13
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/SiteCoordinateSets/SiteCoordinates/CoordinatesLatLong/ISOAccuracy or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/SiteCoordinateSets/SiteCoordinates/CoordinatesLatLong/AccuracyStatement
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A decimal representation of the precision of the coordinates given in the decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude.

Coordinate Uncertainty In Meters
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "30" (reasonable lower limit of a GPS reading under good conditions if the actual precision was not recorded at the time), "71" (uncertainty for a UTM coordinate having 100 meter precision and a known spatial reference system).
has version: coordinateUncertaintyInMeters-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/SiteCoordinateSets/SiteCoordinates/CoordinatesLatLon/CoordinateErrorDistanceInMeters
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The horizontal distance (in meters) from the given decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude describing the smallest circle containing the whole of the Location. Leave the value empty if the uncertainty is unknown, cannot be estimated, or is not applicable (because there are no coordinates). Zero is not a valid value for this term.

Country
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Denmark", "Colombia", "España"
has version: country-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: Country-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Country/Name
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The name of the country or major administrative unit in which the Location occurs. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.

Country Code
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "AR" for Argentina, "SV" for El Salvador
has version: countryCode-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Country/ISO3166Code
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The standard code for the country in which the Location occurs. Recommended best practice is to use ISO 3166-1-alpha-2 country codes.

County
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Missoula", "Los Lagos", "Mataró"
has version: county-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: County-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/NamedAreas/NamedArea/AreaName with NamedAreas/NamedArea/AreaClass= County
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The full, unabbreviated name of the next smaller administrative region than stateProvince (county, shire, department, etc.) in which the Location occurs.

Data Generalizations
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "Coordinates generalized from original GPS coordinates to the nearest half degree grid cell"
has version: dataGeneralizations-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: Generalizations-2008-11-19
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: all
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: Actions taken to make the shared data less specific or complete than in its original form. Suggests that alternative data of higher quality may be available on request.

Dataset Name
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Grinnell Resurvey Mammals", "Lacey Ctenomys Recaptures"
has version: datasetName-2009-09-11
issued: 2009-09-11
modified: 2009-09-11
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/SourceID
organized in class: all
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The name identifying the data set from which the record was derived.

Date Identified
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: date
description: Examples: "1963-03-08T14:07-0600" is 8 Mar 1963 2:07pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC, "2009-02-20T08:40Z" is 20 Feb 2009 8:40am UTC, "1809-02-12" is 12 Feb 1809, "1906-06" is Jun 1906, "1971" is just that year, "2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z" is the interval between 1 Mar 2007 1pm UTC and 11 May 2008 3:30pm UTC, "2007-11-13/15" is the interval between 13 Nov 2007 and 15 Nov 2007.
has version: dateIdentified-2009-08-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-08-24
replaces: dateIdentified-2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification/Date/DateText
organized in class: Identification
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The date on which the subject was identified as representing the Taxon. Recommended best practice is to use an encoding scheme, such as ISO 8601:2004(E).

Day
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "9", "28"
has version: day-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: DayCollected-2003-06-17
abcd equivalence: accessible from DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/ISODateTimeBegin
organized in class: Event
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The integer day of the month on which the Event occurred.

Decimal Latitude
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "-41.0983423"
has version: decimalLatitude-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-07-06
replaces: DecimalLatitude-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/SiteCoordinateSets/SiteCoordinates/CoordinatesLatLon/LatitudeDecimal
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The geographic latitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in geodeticDatum) of the geographic center of a Location. Positive values are north of the Equator, negative values are south of it. Legal values lie between -90 and 90, inclusive.

Decimal Longitude
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "-121.1761111"
has version: decimalLongitude-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-07-06
replaces: DecimalLongitude-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/SiteCoordinateSets/SiteCoordinates/CoordinatesLatLon/LongitudeDecimal
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The geographic longitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in geodeticDatum) of the geographic center of a Location. Positive values are east of the Greenwich Meridian, negative values are west of it. Legal values lie between -180 and 180, inclusive.

Disposition
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "in collection", "missing", "voucher elsewhere", "duplicates elsewhere"
has version: disposition-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: Disposition-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/SpecimenUnit/Disposition
organized in class: Occurrence
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The current state of a specimen with respect to the collection identified in collectionCode or collectionID. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.

Dynamic Properties
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "tragusLengthInMeters=0.014; weightInGrams=120", "heightInMeters=1.5", "natureOfID=expert identification; identificationEvidence=cytochrome B sequence", "relativeHumidity=28; airTemperatureInC=22; sampleSizeInKilograms=10", "aspectHeading=277; slopeInDegrees=6", "iucnStatus=vulnerable; taxonDistribution=Neuquen, Argentina"
has version: dynamicProperties-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: Attributes-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: all
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A list (concatenated and separated) of additional measurements, facts, characteristics, or assertions about the record. Meant to provide a mechanism for structured content such as key-value pairs.

Earliest Age Or Lowest Stage
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Atlantic", "Boreal", "Skullrockian"
has version: earliestAgeOrLowestStage-2009-04-24
issued: 2009-04-24
modified: 2009-07-06
replaces: EarliestAgeOrLowestStage-2005-07-03
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Geological Context
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The full name of the earliest possible geochronologic age or lowest chronostratigraphic stage attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.

Earliest Eon Or Lowest Eonothem
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Phanerozoic", "Proterozoic"
has version: earliestEonOrLowestEonothem-2009-04-24
issued: 2009-04-24
modified: 2009-07-06
replaces: EarliestEonOrLowestEonothem-2005-07-03
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Geological Context
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The full name of the earliest possible geochronologic eon or lowest chrono-stratigraphic eonothem or the informal name ("Precambrian") attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.

Earliest Epoch Or Lowest Series
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Holocene", "Pleistocene", "Ibexian Series"
has version: earliestEpochOrLowestSeries-2009-04-24
issued: 2009-04-24
modified: 2009-07-06
replaces: EarliestEpochOrLowestSeries-2005-07-03
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Geological Context
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The full name of the earliest possible geochronologic epoch or lowest chronostratigraphic series attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.

Earliest Era Or Lowest Erathem
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Cenozoic", "Mesozoic"
has version: earliestEraOrLowestErathem-2009-04-24
issued: 2009-04-24
modified: 2009-07-06
replaces: EarliestEraOrLowestErathem-2005-07-03
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Geological Context
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The full name of the earliest possible geochronologic era or lowest chronostratigraphic erathem attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.

Earliest Period Or Lowest System
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Neogene", "Tertiary", "Quaternary"
has version: earliestPeriodOrLowestSystem-2009-04-24
issued: 2009-04-24
modified: 2009-07-06
replaces: EarliestPeriodOrLowestSystem-2005-07-03
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Geological Context
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The full name of the earliest possible geochronologic period or lowest chronostratigraphic system attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.

End Day Of Year
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "1" (=1 Jan), "366" (=31 Dec), "365" (=30 Dec in a leap year, 31 Dec in a non-leap year)
has version: endDayOfYear-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: DayOfYear-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/DateTime/DayNumberEnd
organized in class: Event
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The latest ordinal day of the year on which the Event occurred (1 for January 1, 365 for December 31, except in a leap year, in which case it is 366).

Establishment Means
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "native", "introduced", "naturalised", "invasive", "managed"
has version: establishmentMeans-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/EstablishmentMeans
organized in class: Occurrence
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The process by which the biological individual(s) represented in the Occurrence became established at the location. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.

Event Date
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: date
description: Examples: "1963-03-08T14:07-0600" is 8 Mar 1963 2:07pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC, "2009-02-20T08:40Z" is 20 Feb 2009 8:40am UTC, "1809-02-12" is 12 Feb 1809, "1906-06" is Jun 1906, "1971" is just that year, "2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z" is the interval between 1 Mar 2007 1pm UTC and 11 May 2008 3:30pm UTC, "2007-11-13/15" is the interval between 13 Nov 2007 and 15 Nov 2007.
has version: eventDate-2009-04-24
issued: 2009-04-24
modified: 2009-07-01
replaces: EarliestDateCollected-2007-04-17
replaces: LatestDateCollected-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/ISODateTimeBegin
organized in class: Event
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The date-time or interval during which an Event occurred. For occurrences, this is the date-time when the event was recorded. Not suitable for a time in a geological context. Recommended best practice is to use an encoding scheme, such as ISO 8601:2004(E).

Event Remarks
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "after the recent rains the river is nearly at flood stage"
has version: eventRemarks-2009-04-24
issued: 2009-01-18
modified: 2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Notes
organized in class: Event
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: Comments or notes about the Event.

Event Time
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "14:07-0600" is 2:07pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC, "08:40:21Z" is 8:40:21am UTC, "13:00:00Z/15:30:00Z" is the interval between 1pm UTC and 3:30pm UTC.
has version: eventTime-2009-04-24
issued: 2009-04-24
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: EndTimeOfDay-2005-07-10
replaces: StartTimeOfDay-2005-07-10
abcd equivalence: accessible from DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/ISODateTimeBegin and DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/ISODateTimeEnd
organized in class: Event
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The time or interval during which an Event occurred. Recommended best practice is to use an encoding scheme, such as ISO 8601:2004(E).

Family
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Felidae", "Monocleaceae"
has version: family-2009-08-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-08-24
replaces: family-2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification/TaxonIdentified/HigherTaxa/HigherTaxon/HigherTaxonName with HigherTaxa/HigherTaxon/HigherTaxonRank = familia
organized in class: Taxon
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The full scientific name of the family in which the taxon is classified.

Field Notes
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "notes available in Grinnell-Miller Library"
has version: fieldNotes-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: FieldNotes-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/FieldNotes
organized in class: Event
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: One of a) an indicator of the existence of, b) a reference to (publication, URI), or c) the text of notes taken in the field about the Event.

Field Number
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "RV Sol 87-03-08"
has version: fieldNumber-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: FieldNumber-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Code
organized in class: Event
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: An identifier given to the event in the field. Often serves as a link between field notes and the Event.

Footprint SRS
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: The WKT for the standard WGS84 SRS (EPSG:4326) is "GEOGCS["GCS_WGS_1984",DATUM["D_WGS_1984",SPHEROID["WGS_1984",6378137,298.257223563]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0],UNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433]]" without the enclosing quotes.
has version: footprintSRS-2009-07-06
issued: 2009-07-06
modified: 2009-07-06
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A Well-Known Text (WKT) representation of the Spatial Reference System (SRS) for the footprintWKT of the Location. Do not use this term to describe the SRS of the decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude, even if it is the same as for the footprintWKT - use the geodeticDatum instead.

Footprint Spatial Fit
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Detailed explanations with graphical examples can be found in the "Guide to Best Practices for Georeferencing", Chapman and Wieczorek, eds. 2006 (http://www.gbif.org/prog/digit/Georeferencing).
has version: footprintSpatialFit-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: FootprintSpatialFit-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/FootprintSpatialFit (ABCD v2.06b)
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The ratio of the area of the footprint (footprintWKT) to the area of the true (original, or most specific) spatial representation of the Location. Legal values are 0, greater than or equal to 1, or undefined. A value of 1 is an exact match or 100% overlap. A value of 0 should be used if the given footprint does not completely contain the original representation. The footprintSpatialFit is undefined (and should be left blank) if the original representation is a point and the given is not that same point. If both the original and the given georeference are the same point, the footprintSpatialFit is 1.

Footprint WKT
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: the one-degree bounding box with opposite corners at (longitude=10, latitude=20) and (longitude=11, latitude=21) would be expressed in well-known text as POLYGON ((10 20, 11 20, 11 21, 10 21, 10 20))
has version: footprintWKT-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: FootprintWKT-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/FootprintWKT (ABCD v2.06b)
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A Well-Known Text (WKT) representation of the shape (footprint, geometry) that defines the Location. A Location may have both a point-radius representation (see decimalLatitude) and a footprint representation, and they may differ from each other.

Formation
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Notch Peak Fromation", "House Limestone", "Fillmore Formation"
has version: formation-2009-04-24
issued: 2009-04-24
modified: 2009-07-06
replaces: Formation-2005-07-03
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Geological Context
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The full name of the lithostratigraphic formation from which the cataloged item was collected.

Genus
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Puma", "Monoclea"
has version: genus-2009-08-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-08-24
replaces: genus-2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: {DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification/TaxonIdentified/ScientificName/NameAtomised/Bacterial/GenusOrMonomial or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification/TaxonIdentified/ScientificName/NameAtomised/Botanical/GenusOrMonomial or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification/TaxonIdentified/ScientificName/NameAtomised/Viral/GenusOrMonomial or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification/TaxonIdentified/ScientificName/NameAtomised/Zoological/GenusOrMonomial}
organized in class: Taxon
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The full scientific name of the genus in which the taxon is classified.

Geodetic Datum
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "EPSG:4326", "WGS84", "NAD27", "Campo Inchauspe", "European 1950", "Clarke 1866"
has version: geodeticDatum-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-07-06
replaces: GeodeticDatum-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/SiteCoordinateSets/SiteCoordinates/CoordinatesLatLon/SpatialDatum
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The ellipsoid, geodetic datum, or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which the geographic coordinates given in decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude as based. Recommended best practice is use the EPSG code as a controlled vocabulary to provide an SRS, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the geodetic datum, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the ellipsoid, if known. If none of these is known, use the value "unknown".

Georeference Protocol
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Guide to Best Practices for Georeferencing" (Chapman and Wieczorek, eds. 2006), Global Biodiversity Information Facility.", "MaNIS/HerpNet/ORNIS Georeferencing Guidelines", "Georeferencing Quick Reference Guide"
has version: georeferenceProtocol-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: GeoreferenceProtocol-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/SiteCoordinateSets/SiteCoordinates/CoordinateMethod
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A description or reference to the methods used to determine the spatial footprint, coordinates, and uncertainties.

Georeference Remarks
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "assumed distance by road (Hwy. 101)"
has version: georeferenceRemarks-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: GeoreferenceRemarks-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/SiteCoordinateSets/SiteCoordinates/GeoreferenceRemarks
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: Notes or comments about the spatial description determination, explaining assumptions made in addition or opposition to the those formalized in the method referred to in georeferenceProtocol.

Georeference Sources
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "USGS 1:24000 Florence Montana Quad; Terrametrics 2008 on Google Earth"
has version: georeferenceSources-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: GeoreferenceSources-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/SiteCoordinateSets/SiteCoordinates/GeoreferenceSources
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A list (concatenated and separated) of maps, gazetteers, or other resources used to georeference the Location, described specifically enough to allow anyone in the future to use the same resources.

Georeference Verification Status
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "requires verification", "verified by collector", "verified by curator".
has version: georeferenceVerificationStatus-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: GeoreferenceVerificationStatus-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/SiteCoordinateSets/SiteCoordinates/GeoreferenceVerificationStatus
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A categorical description of the extent to which the georeference has been verified to represent the best possible spatial description. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.

Georeferenced By
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: According To
description: Examples: "Kristina Yamamoto (MVZ); Janet Fang (MVZ)", "Brad Millen (ROM)"
has version: georeferencedBy-2009-04-24
issued: 2009-01-21
modified: 2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A list (concatenated and separated) of names of people, groups, or organizations who determined the georeference (spatial representation) for the Location.

Georeferenced Date
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: date
description: Examples: "1963-03-08T14:07-0600" is 8 Mar 1963 2:07pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC, "2009-02-20T08:40Z" is 20 Feb 2009 8:40am UTC, "1809-02-12" is 12 Feb 1809, "1906-06" is Jun 1906, "1971" is just that year, "2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z" is the interval between 1 Mar 2007 1pm UTC and 11 May 2008 3:30pm UTC, "2007-11-13/15" is the interval between 13 Nov 2007 and 15 Nov 2007.
has version: georeferencedDate-2011-10-16
issued: 2011-10-16
modified: 2011-10-16
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
decision: Decision-2011-10-16 9
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The date on which the Location was georeferenced. Recommended best practice is to use an encoding scheme, such as ISO 8601:2004(E).

Group
type: DatatypeProperty
has version: group-2009-04-24
issued: 2009-04-24
modified: 2009-07-06
replaces: Group-2005-07-03
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Geological Context
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The full name of the lithostratigraphic group from which the cataloged item was collected.

Habitat
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "oak savanna", "pre-cordilleran steppe"
has version: habitat-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-05-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Biotope/Text
organized in class: Event
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A category or description of the habitat in which the Event occurred.

Higher Classification
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "Animalia;Chordata;Vertebrata;Mammalia;Theria;Eutheria;Rodentia;Hystricognatha;Hystricognathi;Ctenomyidae;Ctenomyini;Ctenomys"
has version: higherClassification-2009-08-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-08-24
replaces: higherTaxonName-2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Taxon
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A list (concatenated and separated) of taxa names terminating at the rank immediately superior to the taxon referenced in the taxon record. Recommended best practice is to order the list starting with the highest rank and separating the names for each rank with a semi-colon (";").

Higher Geography
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "South America; Argentina; Patagonia; Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi; Neuquén; Los Lagos" with accompanying values "South America" in Continent, "Argentina" in Country, "Neuquén" in StateProvince, and Los Lagos in County.
has version: higherGeography-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: HigherGeography-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: {DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/LocalityText or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/NamedAreas/NamedArea/AreaName}
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A list (concatenated and separated) of geographic names less specific than the information captured in the locality term.

Highest Biostratigraphic Zone
type: DatatypeProperty
has version: highestBiostratigraphicZone-2009-04-24
issued: 2009-04-24
modified: 2009-07-06
replaces: HighestBiostratigraphicZone-2005-07-03
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Geological Context
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The full name of the highest possible geological biostratigraphic zone of the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.

Identification Qualifier
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: 1) For the determination "Quercus aff. agrifolia var. oxyadenia", identificationQualifier would be "aff. agrifolia var. oxyadenia" with accompanying values "Quercus" in genus, "agrifolia" in specificEpithet, "oxyadenia" in infraspecificEpithet, and "var." in rank. 2) For the determination "Quercus agrifolia cf. var. oxyadenia", identificationQualifier would be "cf. var. oxyadenia " with accompanying values "Quercus" in genus, "agrifolia" in specificEpithet, "oxyadenia" in infraspecificEpithet, and "var." in rank.
has version: identificationQualifier-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: IdentificationQualifier-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification/TaxonIdentified/IdentificationQualifier
organized in class: Identification
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A brief phrase or a standard term ("cf.", "aff.") to express the determiner's doubts about the Identification.

Identification References
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "Aves del Noroeste Patagonico. Christie et al. 2004."
has version: identificationReferences-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification/References
organized in class: Identification
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A list (concatenated and separated) of references (publication, global unique identifier, URI) used in the Identification.

Identification Remarks
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "Distinguished between Anthus correndera and Anthus hellmayri based on the comparative lengths of the uñas."
has version: identificationRemarks-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification/Notes
organized in class: Identification
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: Comments or notes about the Identification.

Identification Verification Status
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "0", "4"
has version: identificationVerificationStatus-2011-10-16
issued: 2011-10-16
modified: 2011-10-16
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
decision: Decision-2011-10-16 10
organized in class: Identification
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A categorical indicator of the extent to which the taxonomic identification has been verified to be correct. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as that used in HISPID/ABCD.

Identified By
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: According To
description: Examples: "James L. Patton", "Theodore Pappenfuss; Robert Macey"
has version: identifiedBy-2009-08-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-08-24
replaces: identifiedBy-2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification/Identifiers/IdentifiersText
organized in class: Identification
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A list (concatenated and separated) of names of people, groups, or organizations who assigned the Taxon to the subject.

Individual Count
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "1", "25"
has version: individualCount-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: IndividualCount-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/SiteMeasurementsOrFacts/SiteMeasurementOrFact/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/LowerValue
organized in class: Occurrence
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The number of individuals represented present at the time of the Occurrence.

Information Withheld
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "location information not given for endangered species", "collector identities withheld", "ask about tissue samples"
has version: informationWithheld-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: InformationWithheld-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/InformationWithheld
organized in class: all
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: Additional information that exists, but that has not been shared in the given record.

Infraspecific Epithet
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "concolor", "oxyadenia", "sayi"
has version: infraspecificEpithet-2009-08-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-08-24
replaces: infraspecificEpithet-2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: {DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification/TaxonIdentified/ScientificName/NameAtomised/Bacterial/SubspeciesEpithet or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification/TaxonIdentified/ScientificName/NameAtomised/Botanical/SecondEpithet or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification/TaxonIdentified/ScientificName/NameAtomised/Zoological/SubspeciesEpithet}
organized in class: Taxon
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The name of the lowest or terminal infraspecific epithet of the scientificName, excluding any rank designation.

Institution Code
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "MVZ", "FMNH", "AKN-CLO", "University of California Museum of Paleontology (UCMP)"
has version: institutionCode-2009-09-11
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2013-10-04
replaces: institutionCode-2009-08-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/SourceInstitutionID
organized in class: all
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The name (or acronym) in use by the institution having custody of the object(s) or information referred to in the record.

Institution ID
type: DatatypeProperty
has version: institutionID-2009-09-11
issued: 2009-09-11
modified: 2013-10-04
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/SourceInstitutionID
organized in class: all
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: An identifier for the institution having custody of the object(s) or information referred to in the record.

Island
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Isla Victoria", "Vancouver", "Viti Levu", "Zanzibar"
has version: island-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: Island-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/NamedAreas/NamedArea/AreaName with NamedAreas/NamedArea/AreaClass= Island
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The name of the island on or near which the Location occurs. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.

Island Group
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Alexander Archipelago", "Seychelles"
has version: islandGroup-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: IslandGroup-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/NamedAreas/NamedArea/AreaName with NamedAreas/NamedArea/AreaClass= Island group
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The name of the island group in which the Location occurs. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.

Kingdom
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Animalia", "Plantae"
has version: kingdom-2009-08-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-08-24
replaces: kingdom-2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification/TaxonIdentified/HigherTaxa/HigherTaxon/HigherTaxonName with HigherTaxa/HigherTaxon/HigherTaxonRank = regnum
organized in class: Taxon
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The full scientific name of the kingdom in which the taxon is classified.

Latest AgeOr Highest Stage
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Atlantic", "Boreal", "Skullrockian"
has version: latestAgeOrHighestStage-2009-04-24
issued: 2009-04-24
modified: 2009-07-06
replaces: LatestAgeOrHighestStage-2005-07-03
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Geological Context
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The full name of the latest possible geochronologic age or highest chronostratigraphic stage attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.

Latest Eon Or Highest Eonothem
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Phanerozoic", "Proterozoic"
has version: latestEonOrHighestEonothem-2009-04-24
issued: 2009-04-24
modified: 2009-07-06
replaces: LatestEonOrLowestEonothem-2005-07-03
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Geological Context
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The full name of the latest possible geochronologic eon or highest chrono-stratigraphic eonothem or the informal name ("Precambrian") attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.

Latest Epoch Or Highest Series
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Holocene", "Pleistocene", "Ibexian Series"
has version: latestEpochOrHighestSeries-2009-04-24
issued: 2009-04-24
modified: 2009-07-06
replaces: LatestEpochOrHighestSeries-2005-07-03
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Geological Context
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The full name of the latest possible geochronologic epoch or highest chronostratigraphic series attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.

Latest Era Or Highest Erathem
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Cenozoic", "Mesozoic"
has version: latestEraOrHighestErathem-2009-04-24
issued: 2009-04-24
modified: 2009-07-06
replaces: LatestEraOrHighestErathem-2005-07-03
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Geological Context
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The full name of the latest possible geochronologic era or highest chronostratigraphic erathem attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.

Latest Period Or Highest System
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Neogene", "Tertiary", "Quaternary"
has version: latestPeriodOrHighestSystem-2009-04-24
issued: 2009-04-24
modified: 2009-07-06
replaces: LatestPeriodOrHighestSystem-2005-07-03
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Geological Context
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The full name of the latest possible geochronologic period or highest chronostratigraphic system attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.

Life Stage
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "egg", "eft", "juvenile", "adult", "2 adults 4 juveniles"
has version: lifeStage-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: LifeStage-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/MycologicalUnit/MycologicalSexualStage or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/MycologicalUnit/MycologicalLiveStages/MycologicalLiveStage (Note DwC spec uses ”MycologicalLifeStage” or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/ZoologicalUnit/PhasesOrStages/PhaseOrStage
organized in class: Occurrence
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The age class or life stage of the biological individual(s) at the time the Occurrence was recorded. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.

Lithostratigraphic Terms
type: DatatypeProperty
has version: lithostratigraphicTerms-2009-04-24
issued: 2009-04-24
modified: 2009-07-06
replaces: LithostratigraphicTerms-2005-07-03
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Stratigraphy/LithostratigraphicTerms
organized in class: Geological Context
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The combination of all litho-stratigraphic names for the rock from which the cataloged item was collected.

Locality
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "Bariloche, 25 km NNE via Ruta Nacional 40 (=Ruta 237)"
has version: locality-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: Locality-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/NamedAreas/NamedArea/AreaName
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The specific description of the place. Less specific geographic information can be provided in other geographic terms (higherGeography, continent, country, stateProvince, county, municipality, waterBody, island, islandGroup). This term may contain information modified from the original to correct perceived errors or standardize the description.

Location According To
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: According To
description: Examples: "Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names", "GADM"
has version: locationAccordingTo-2009-08-24
issued: 2009-08-24
modified: 2009-08-24
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: Information about the source of this Location information. Could be a publication (gazetteer), institution, or team of individuals.

Location Remarks
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "under water since 2005"
has version: locationRemarks-2009-04-24
issued: 2009-01-18
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: SamplingLocationRemarks-2009-01-18
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/AreaDetail
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: Comments or notes about the Location.

Lowest Biostratigraphic Zone
type: DatatypeProperty
has version: lowestBiostratigraphicZone-2009-04-24
issued: 2009-04-24
modified: 2009-07-06
replaces: LowestBiostratigraphicZone-2005-07-03
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Geological Context
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The full name of the lowest possible geological biostratigraphic zone of the stratigraphic horizon from which the cataloged item was collected.

Maximum Depth In Meters
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "200"
has version: maximumDepthInMeters-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: MaximumDepthInMeters-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Depth/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/UpperValue
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The greater depth of a range of depth below the local surface, in meters.

Maximum Distance Above Surface In Meters
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: 1.5 meter sediment core from the bottom of a lake (at depth 20m) at 300m elevation; VerbatimElevation: "300m" MinimumElevationInMeters: "300", MaximumElevationInMeters: "300", VerbatimDepth: "20m", MinimumDepthInMeters: "20", MaximumDepthInMeters: "20", minimumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters: "0", maximumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters: "-1.5"
has version: maximumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Height/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/UpperValue
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The greater distance in a range of distance from a reference surface in the vertical direction, in meters. Use positive values for locations above the surface, negative values for locations below. If depth measures are given, the reference surface is the location given by the depth, otherwise the reference surface is the location given by the elevation.

Maximum Elevation In Meters
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "200"
has version: maximumElevationInMeters-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: MaximumElevationInMeters-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Altitude/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/UpperValue
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The upper limit of the range of elevation (altitude, usually above sea level), in meters.

Measurement Accuracy
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "0.01", "normal distribution with variation of 2 m"
has version: measurementAccuracy-2009-04-24
issued: 2009-01-18
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: eventMeasurementAccuracy-2009-04-24
replaces: occurrenceMeasurementAccuracy-2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/MeasurementsOrFacts/MeasurementOrFact/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/Accuracy or DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/SiteMeasurementsOrFacts/SiteMeasurementOrFact/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/Accuracy or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Aspect/Accuracy or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Altitude/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/Accuracy or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Depth/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/Accuracy or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Biotope/MeasurementsOrFacts/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/Accuracy or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/MeasurementsOrFacts/MeasurementOrFact/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/Accuracy
organized in class: Measurement or Fact
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The description of the potential error associated with the measurementValue.

Measurement Determined By
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: According To
description: Examples: "Javier de la Torre", "Julie Woodruff; Eileen Lacey"
has version: measurementDeterminedBy-2009-04-24
issued: 2009-01-23
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: eventMeasurementDeterminedBy-2009-04-24
replaces: occurrenceMeasurementDeterminedBy-2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/MeasurementsOrFacts/MeasurementOrFact/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/MeasuredBy or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Altitude/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/MeasuredBy or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Depth/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/MeasuredBy or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Height/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/MeasuredBy or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/SiteMeasurementsOrFacts/SiteMeasurementOrFact/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/MeasuredBy or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Biotope/MeasurementsOrFacts/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/MeasuredBy
organized in class: Measurement or Fact
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A list (concatenated and separated) of names of people, groups, or organizations who determined the value of the MeasurementOrFact.

Measurement Determined Date
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: date
description: Examples: "1963-03-08T14:07-0600" is 8 Mar 1963 2:07pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC, "2009-02-20T08:40Z" is 20 Feb 2009 8:40am UTC, "1809-02-12" is 12 Feb 1809, "1906-06" is Jun 1906, "1971" is just that year, "2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z" is the interval between 1 Mar 2007 1pm UTC and 11 May 2008 3:30pm UTC, "2007-11-13/15" is the interval between 13 Nov 2007 and 15 Nov 2007.
has version: measurementDeterminedDate-2009-04-24
issued: 2009-01-23
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: eventMeasurementDeterminedDate-2009-04-24
replaces: occurrenceMeasurementDeterminedDate-2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/MeasurementsOrFacts/MeasurementOrFact/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/MeasurementDateTime or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Altitude/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/MeasurementDateTime or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Depth/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/MeasurementDateTime or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Height/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/MeasurementDateTime or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/SiteMeasurementsOrFacts/SiteMeasurementOrFact/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/MeasurementDateTime or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Biotope/MeasurementsOrFacts/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/MeasurementDateTime
organized in class: Measurement or Fact
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The date on which the MeasurementOrFact was made. Recommended best practice is to use an encoding scheme, such as ISO 8601:2004(E).

Measurement Method
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "minimum convex polygon around burrow entrances" for a home range area, "barometric altimeter" for an elevation
has version: measurementMethod-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: /DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/MeasurementsOrFacts/MeasurementOrFact/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/Method or /DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Biotope/MeasurementsOrFacts/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/Method or /DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/SiteMeasurementsOrFacts/SiteMeasurementOrFact/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/Method
organized in class: Measurement or Fact
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A description of or reference to (publication, URI) the method or protocol used to determine the measurement, fact, characteristic, or assertion.

Measurement Remarks
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "tip of tail missing"
has version: measurementRemarks-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: eventMeasurementRemarks-2009-04-24
replaces: occurrenceMeasurementRemarks-2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Measurement or Fact
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: Comments or notes accompanying the MeasurementOrFact.

Measurement Type
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "tail length", "temperature", "trap line length", "survey area", "trap type"
has version: measurementType-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: eventMeasurementType-2009-04-24
replaces: occurrenceMeasurementType-2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/MeasurementsOrFacts/MeasurementOrFact/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/Parameter or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/SiteMeasurementsOrFacts/MeasurementOrFact/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/Parameter
organized in class: Measurement or Fact
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The nature of the measurement, fact, characteristic, or assertion. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.

Measurement Unit
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "mm", "C", "km", "ha"
has version: measurementUnit-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: eventMeasurementUnit-2009-04-24
replaces: occurrenceMeasurementUnit-2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/SiteMeasurementsOrFacts/MeasurementOrFact/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/UnitOfMeasurement or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/SiteMeasurementsOrFacts/MeasurementOrFact/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/UnitOfMeasurement
organized in class: Measurement or Fact
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The units associated with the measurementValue. Recommended best practice is to use the International System of Units (SI).

Measurement Value
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "45", "20", "1", "14.5", "UV-light"
has version: measurementValue-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: eventMeasurementValue-2009-04-24
replaces: occurrenceMeasurementValue-2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/MeasurementsOrFacts/MeasurementOrFact/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/LowerValue or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/MeasurementsOrFacts/MeasurementOrFact/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/UpperValue or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/SiteMeasurementsOrFacts/SiteMeasurementOrFact/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/LowerValue or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/SiteMeasurementsOrFacts/SiteMeasurementOrFact/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/UpperValue or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Altitude/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/LowerValue or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Altitude/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/UpperValue or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Depth/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/LowerValue or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Depth/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/UpperValue or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Biotope/MeasurementsOrFacts/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/LowerValue or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Biotope/MeasurementsOrFacts/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/UpperValue or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Height/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/LowerValue or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Height/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/UpperValue
organized in class: Measurement or Fact
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The value of the measurement, fact, characteristic, or assertion.

Member
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Lava Dam Member", "Hellnmaria Member"
has version: member-2009-04-24
issued: 2009-04-24
modified: 2009-07-06
replaces: Member-2005-07-03
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Geological Context
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The full name of the lithostratigraphic member from which the cataloged item was collected.

Minimum Depth In Meters
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "100"
has version: minimumDepthInMeters-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: MinimumDepthInMeters-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Depth/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/LowerValue
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The lesser depth of a range of depth below the local surface, in meters.

Minimum Distance Above Surface In Meters
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: 1.5 meter sediment core from the bottom of a lake (at depth 20m) at 300m elevation; VerbatimElevation: "300m" MinimumElevationInMeters: "300", MaximumElevationInMeters: "300", VerbatimDepth: "20m", MinimumDepthInMeters: "20", MaximumDepthInMeters: "20", minimumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters: "0", maximumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters: "-1.5"
has version: minimumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Height/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/LowerValue
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The lesser distance in a range of distance from a reference surface in the vertical direction, in meters. Use positive values for locations above the surface, negative values for locations below. If depth measures are given, the reference surface is the location given by the depth, otherwise the reference surface is the location given by the elevation.

Minimum Elevation In Meters
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "100"
has version: minimumElevationInMeters-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: MinimumElevationInMeters-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Altitude/MeasurementOrFactAtomised/LowerValue
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The lower limit of the range of elevation (altitude, usually above sea level), in meters.

Month
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "1" (=January), "10" (=October)
has version: month-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: MonthCollected-2003-06-17
abcd equivalence: accessible from DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/ISODateTimeBegin
organized in class: Event
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The ordinal month in which the Event occurred.

Municipality
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Holzminden"
has version: municipality-2009-08-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-08-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/NamedAreas/NamedArea/AreaName
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The full, unabbreviated name of the next smaller administrative region than county (city, municipality, etc.) in which the Location occurs. Do not use this term for a nearby named place that does not contain the actual location.

Name According To
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: According To
description: Example: "McCranie, J. R., D. B. Wake, and L. D. Wilson. 1996. The taxonomic status of Bolitoglossa schmidti, with comments on the biology of the Mesoamerican salamander Bolitoglossa dofleini (Caudata: Plethodontidae). Carib. J. Sci. 32:395-398.", "Werner Greuter 2008", "Lilljeborg 1861, Upsala Univ. Arsskrift, Math. Naturvet., pp. 4, 5"
has version: nameAccordingTo-2009-09-21
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-09-21
replaces: taxonAccordingTo-2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Taxon
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The reference to the source in which the specific taxon concept circumscription is defined or implied - traditionally signified by the Latin "sensu" or "sec." (from secundum, meaning "according to"). For taxa that result from identifications, a reference to the keys, monographs, experts and other sources should be given.

Name Published In
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: bibliographicCitation
description: Examples: "Pearson O. P., and M. I. Christie. 1985. Historia Natural, 5(37):388", "Forel, Auguste, Diagnosies provisoires de quelques espèces nouvelles de fourmis de Madagascar, récoltées par M. Grandidier., Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, Comptes-rendus des Seances 30, 1886"
has version: namePublishedIn-2009-09-21
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-09-21
replaces: namePublishedIn-2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/SpecimenUnit/NomenclaturalTypeDesignations/NomenclaturalTypeDesignation/NomenclaturalReference/TitleCitation
organized in class: Taxon
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A reference for the publication in which the scientificName was originally established under the rules of the associated nomenclaturalCode.

Name Published In Year
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "1915", "2008"
has version: namePublishedInYear-2011-10-16
issued: 2011-10-16
modified: 2011-10-16
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
decision: Decision-2011-10-16 8
organized in class: Taxon
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The four-digit year in which the scientificName was published.

Nomenclatural Code
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "ICBN", "ICZN", "BC", "ICNCP", "BioCode", "ICZN; ICBN"
has version: nomenclaturalCode-2009-09-21
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-09-21
replaces: NomenclaturalCode-2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification/TaxonIdentified/Code
organized in class: Taxon
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The nomenclatural code (or codes in the case of an ambiregnal name) under which the scientificName is constructed. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.

Nomenclatural Status
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "nom. ambig.", "nom. illeg.", "nom. subnud."
has version: nomenclaturalStatus-2009-04-24
issued: 2009-01-18
modified: 2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: (DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/SpecimenUnit/NomenclaturalTypeDesignations/NomenclaturalTypeDesignation/NomenclaturalReference/TitleCitation) pro parte
organized in class: Taxon
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The status related to the original publication of the name and its conformance to the relevant rules of nomenclature. It is based essentially on an algorithm according to the business rules of the code. It requires no taxonomic opinion.

Occurrence Remarks
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "found dead on road"
has version: occurrenceRemarks-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: SampleRemarks-2009-01-18
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Notes
organized in class: Occurrence
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: Comments or notes about the Occurrence.

Occurrence Status
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "present", "absent"
has version: occurrenceStatus-2009-09-17
issued: 2009-09-17
modified: 2009-09-17
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Occurrence
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A statement about the presence or absence of a Taxon at a Location. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.

Order
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Carnivora", "Monocleales"
has version: order-2009-08-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-08-24
replaces: order-2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification/TaxonIdentified/HigherTaxa/HigherTaxon/HigherTaxonName with HigherTaxa/HigherTaxon/HigherTaxonRank = ordo
organized in class: Taxon
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The full scientific name of the order in which the taxon is classified.

Organism Name
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Huberta", "Boab Prison Tree", "J pod".
has version: organismName-2014-10-23
issued: 2014-10-23
modified: 2014-10-23
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
decision: Decision-2014-10-26 14
organized in class: Organism
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A description of the kind of Organism instance. Can be used to indicate whether the Organism instance represents a discrete organism or if it represents a particular type of aggregation. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.

Organism Quantity
type: DatatypeProperty
description: An organismQuantity must have a corresponding organismQuantityType, e.g., "27" for organismQuantity with "individuals" for organismQuantityType; "12.5" for organismQuantity with "%biomass" for organismQuantityType; "r" for organismQuantity with "BraunBlanquetScale" for organismQuantityType.
has version: organismQuantity-2014-12-23
issued: 2014-11-07
modified: 2015-03-19
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
decision: Decision-2015-03-19 18
organized in class: Occurrence
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A number or enumeration value for the quantity of organisms.

Organism Quantity Type
type: DatatypeProperty
description: An organismQuantityType must have a corresponding organismQuantity, e.g., "27" for organismQuantity with "individuals" for organismQuantityType; "12.5" for organismQuantity with "%biomass" for organismQuantityType; "r" for organismQuantity with "BraunBlanquetScale" for organismQuantityType.
has version: organismQuantityType-2014-12-23
issued: 2014-11-07
modified: 2015-03-19
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
decision: Decision-2015-03-19 18
organized in class: Occurrence
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The type of quantification system used for the quantity of organisms.

Organism Remarks
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "One of a litter of six."
has version: organismName-2014-10-23
issued: 2014-10-23
modified: 2014-10-23
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
decision: Decision-2014-10-26 14
organized in class: Organism
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: Comments or notes about the Organism instance.

Organism Scope
type: DatatypeProperty
description: This term is not intended to be used to specify a type of taxon. To describe the kind of Organism using a URI object in RDF, use rdf:type (http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type) instead. Examples: "multicellular organism", "virus", "clone" "pack", "colony".
has version: organismScope-2014-10-23
issued: 2014-10-23
modified: 2014-10-23
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
decision: Decision-2014-10-26 14
organized in class: Organism
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A textual name or label assigned to an Organism instance.

Original Name Usage
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Pinus abies", "Gasterosteus saltatrix Linnaeus 1768"
has version: originalNameUsage-2009-09-21
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-09-21
replaces: basionym-2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Taxon
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The taxon name, with authorship and date information if known, as it originally appeared when first established under the rules of the associated nomenclaturalCode. The basionym (botany) or basonym (bacteriology) of the scientificName or the senior/earlier homonym for replaced names.

Other Catalog Numbers
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "FMNH:Mammal:1234", "NPS YELLO6778; MBG 33424"
has version: otherCatalogNumbers-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: OtherCatalogNumbers-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/SpecimenUnit/History/PreviousUnitsText
organized in class: Occurrence
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A list (concatenated and separated) of previous or alternate fully qualified catalog numbers or other human-used identifiers for the same Occurrence, whether in the current or any other data set or collection.

Owner Institution Code
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "NPS", "APN", "InBio"
has version: ownerInstitutionCode-2009-08-24
issued: 2009-08-24
modified: 2013-10-04
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: all
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The name (or acronym) in use by the institution having ownership of the object(s) or information referred to in the record.

Parent Name Usage
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Rubiaceae", "Gruiformes", "Testudinae"
has version: parentNameUsage-2009-09-21
issued: 2009-08-24
modified: 2009-09-21
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification/TaxonIdentified/HigherTaxa/HigherTaxon/HigherTaxonName
organized in class: Taxon
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The full name, with authorship and date information if known, of the direct, most proximate higher-rank parent taxon (in a classification) of the most specific element of the scientificName.

Phylum
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Chordata" (phylum), "Bryophyta" (division)
has version: phylum-2009-08-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-08-24
replaces: phylum-2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification/TaxonIdentified/HigherTaxa/HigherTaxon/HigherTaxonName with HigherTaxa/HigherTaxon/HigherTaxonRank = phylum
organized in class: Taxon
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The full scientific name of the phylum or division in which the taxon is classified.

Point Radius Spatial Fit
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Detailed explanations with graphical examples can be found in the "Guide to Best Practices for Georeferencing", Chapman and Wieczorek, eds. 2006 (http://www.gbif.org/prog/digit/Georeferencing).
has version: pointRadiusSpatialFit-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: PointRadiusSpatialFit-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/SiteCoordinateSets/SiteCoordinates/PointRadiusSpatialFit
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The ratio of the area of the point-radius (decimalLatitude, decimalLongitude, coordinateUncertaintyInMeters) to the area of the true (original, or most specific) spatial representation of the Location. Legal values are 0, greater than or equal to 1, or undefined. A value of 1 is an exact match or 100% overlap. A value of 0 should be used if the given point-radius does not completely contain the original representation. The pointRadiusSpatialFit is undefined (and should be left blank) if the original representation is a point without uncertainty and the given georeference is not that same point (without uncertainty). If both the original and the given georeference are the same point, the pointRadiusSpatialFit is 1.

Preparations
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "skin; skull; skeleton", "whole animal (ETOH); tissue (EDTA)", "fossil", "cast", "photograph", "DNA extract"
has version: preparations-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: Preparations-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/SpecimenUnit/Preparations/PreparationsText
organized in class: Occurrence
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A list (concatenated and separated) of preparations and preservation methods for a specimen.

Previous Identifications
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "Anthus sp., field ID by G. Iglesias; Anthus correndera, expert ID by C. Cicero 2009-02-12 based on morphology"
has version: previousIdentifications-2009-05-18
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-05-18
replaces: previousIdentifications-2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification with PreferredFlag = false
organized in class: Occurrence
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A list (concatenated and separated) of previous assignments of names to the Occurrence.

Record Number
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "OPP 7101"
has version: recordNumber-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-05-18
replaces: CollectorNumber-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/CollectorsFieldNumber
organized in class: Occurrence
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: An identifier given to the Occurrence at the time it was recorded. Often serves as a link between field notes and an Occurrence record, such as a specimen collector's number.

Recorded By
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: According To
description: Example: "Oliver P. Pearson; Anita K. Pearson" where the value in recordNumber "OPP 7101" corresponds to the number for the specimen in the field catalog (collector number) of Oliver P. Pearson.
has version: recordedBy-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-05-18
replaces: Collector-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/GatheringAgents/GatheringAgentsText
organized in class: Occurrence
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A list (concatenated and separated) of names of people, groups, or organizations responsible for recording the original Occurrence. The primary collector or observer, especially one who applies a personal identifier (recordNumber), should be listed first.

Relationship According To
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: According To
description: Example: "Julie Woodruff"
has version: relationshipAccordingTo-2009-04-24
issued: 2009-04-24
modified: 2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Resource Relationship
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The source (person, organization, publication, reference) establishing the relationship between the two resources.

Relationship Established Date
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: date
description: Examples: "1963-03-08T14:07-0600" is 8 Mar 1963 2:07pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC, "2009-02-20T08:40Z" is 20 Feb 2009 8:40am UTC, "1809-02-12" is 12 Feb 1809, "1906-06" is Jun 1906, "1971" is just that year, "2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z" is the interval between 1 Mar 2007 1pm UTC and 11 May 2008 3:30pm UTC, "2007-11-13/15" is the interval between 13 Nov 2007 and 15 Nov 2007.
has version: relationshipEstablishedDate-2009-04-24
issued: 2009-04-24
modified: 2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Resource Relationship
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The date-time on which the relationship between the two resources was established. Recommended best practice is to use an encoding scheme, such as ISO 8601:2004(E).

Relationship Of Resource
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "duplicate of", "mother of", "endoparasite of", "host to", "sibling of", "valid synonym of", "located within"
has version: relationshipOfResource-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Associations/UnitAssociation/AssociationType
organized in class: Resource Relationship
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The relationship of the resource identified by relatedResourceID to the subject (optionally identified by the resourceID). Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.

Relationship Remarks
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "mother and offspring collected from the same nest", "pollinator captured in the act"
has version: relationshipRemarks-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Associations/UnitAssociation/Comments
organized in class: Resource Relationship
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: Comments or notes about the relationship between the two resources.

Reproductive Condition
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples" "non-reproductive", "pregnant", "in bloom", "fruit-bearing"
has version: reproductiveCondition-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Occurrence
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The reproductive condition of the biological individual(s) represented in the Occurrence. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.

Sample Size Unit
type: DatatypeProperty
description: A sampleSizeUnit must have a corresponding sampleSizeValue, e.g., "5" for sampleSizeValue with "metre" for sampleSizeUnit. Examples: "minute", "hour", "day", "metre", "square metre", "cubic metre". Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Ontology of Units of Measure http://www.wurvoc.org/vocabularies/om-1.8/ of SI units, derived units, or other non-SI units accepted for use within the SI (e.g., minute, hour, day, litre).
has version: sampleSizeUnit-2014-12-23
issued: 2014-11-07
modified: 2015-03-19
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
decision: Decision-2015-03-19 18
organized in class: Event
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The unit of measurement of the size (time duration, length, area, or volume) of a sample in a sampling event.

Sample Size Value
type: DatatypeProperty
description: A sampleSizeValue must have a corresponding sampleSizeUnit. Example: "5" for sampleSizeValue with "metre" for sampleSizeUnit.
has version: sampleSizeValue-2014-12-23
issued: 2014-11-07
modified: 2015-03-19
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
decision: Decision-2015-03-19 18
organized in class: Event
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A numeric value for a measurement of the size (time duration, length, area, or volume) of a sample in a sampling event.

Sampling Effort
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "40 trap-nights", "10 observer-hours; 10 km by foot; 30 km by car"
has version: samplingEffort-2009-08-24
issued: 2009-08-24
modified: 2009-08-24
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Event
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The amount of effort expended during an Event.

Sampling Protocol
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "UV light trap", "mist net", "bottom trawl", "ad hoc observation", "point count", "Penguins from space: faecal stains reveal the location of emperor penguin colonies, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00467.x", "Takats et al. 2001. Guidelines for Nocturnal Owl Monitoring in North America. Beaverhill Bird Observatory and Bird Studies Canada, Edmonton, Alberta. 32 pp.", "http://www.bsc-eoc.org/download/Owl.pdf"
has version: samplingProtocol-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: CollectingMethod-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Method
organized in class: Event
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The name of, reference to, or description of the method or protocol used during an Event.

Scientific Name
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Coleoptera" (order), "Vespertilionidae" (family), "Manis" (genus), "Ctenomys sociabilis" (genus + specificEpithet), "Ambystoma tigrinum diaboli" (genus + specificEpithet + infraspecificEpithet), "Roptrocerus typographi (Györfi, 1952)" (genus + specificEpithet + scientificNameAuthorship), "Quercus agrifolia var. oxyadenia (Torr.) J.T. Howell" (genus + specificEpithet + taxonRank + infraspecificEpithet + scientificNameAuthorship)
has version: scientificName-2009-09-21
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-09-21
replaces: scientificName-2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification/TaxonIdentified/ScientificName/FullScientificNameString
organized in class: Taxon
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The full scientific name, with authorship and date information if known. When forming part of an Identification, this should be the name in lowest level taxonomic rank that can be determined. This term should not contain identification qualifications, which should instead be supplied in the IdentificationQualifier term.

Scientific Name Authorship
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "(Torr.) J.T. Howell", "(Martinovský) Tzvelev", "(Györfi, 1952)"
has version: scientificNameAuthorship-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: AuthorYearOfScientificName-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: {DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification/TaxonIdentified/ScientificName/NameAtomised/Bacterial/ParentheticalAuthorTeamAndYear + DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification/TaxonIdentified/ScientificName/NameAtomised/Bacterial/AuthorTeamAndYear} or {DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification/TaxonIdentified/ScientificName/NameAtomised/Botanical/AuthorTeamParenthesis + DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification/TaxonIdentified/ScientificName/NameAtomised/Botanical/AuthorTeam} or {DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification/TaxonIdentified/ScientificName/NameAtomised/Zoological/AuthorTeamOriginalAndYear + [= or] DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification/TaxonIdentified/ScientificName/NameAtomised/Zoological/AuthorTeamParenthesisAndYear}
organized in class: Taxon
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The authorship information for the scientificName formatted according to the conventions of the applicable nomenclaturalCode.

Sex
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "female", "hermaphrodite", "8 males, 4 females"
has version: sex-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: Sex-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Sex
organized in class: Occurrence
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The sex of the biological individual(s) represented in the Occurrence. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.

Specific Epithet
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "concolor", "gottschei"
has version: specificEpithet-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: SpecificEpithet-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: {DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification/TaxonIdentified/ScientificName/NameAtomised/Bacterial/SpeciesEpithet or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification/TaxonIdentified/ScientificName/NameAtomised/Botanical/FirstEpithet or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification/TaxonIdentified/ScientificName/NameAtomised/Zoological/SpeciesEpithet}
organized in class: Taxon
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The name of the first or species epithet of the scientificName.

Start Day Of Year
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "1" (=1 Jan), "366" (=31 Dec), "365" (=30 Dec in a leap year, 31 Dec in a non-leap year)
has version: startDayOfYear-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: DayOfYear-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/DateTime/DayNumberBegin
organized in class: Event
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The earliest ordinal day of the year on which the Event occurred (1 for January 1, 365 for December 31, except in a leap year, in which case it is 366).

State Province
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Montana", "Minas Gerais", "Córdoba"
has version: stateProvince-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: StateProvince-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/NamedAreas/NamedArea/AreaName with NamedAreas/NamedArea/AreaClass= State or = Province (etc.)
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The name of the next smaller administrative region than country (state, province, canton, department, region, etc.) in which the Location occurs.

Subgenus
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Strobus (Pinus)", "Puma (Puma)" "Loligo (Amerigo)", "Hieracium subgen. Pilosella"
has version: subgenus-2009-08-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-08-24
replaces: subgenus-2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification/TaxonIdentified/ScientificName/NameAtomised/Zoological/Subgenus
organized in class: Taxon
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The full scientific name of the subgenus in which the taxon is classified. Values should include the genus to avoid homonym confusion.

Taxon Rank
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "subspecies", "varietas", "forma", "species", "genus"
has version: taxonRank-2009-09-21
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-09-21
replaces: scientificNameRank-2009-07-06
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification/TaxonIdentified/ScientificName/NameAtomised/Botanical/Rank
organized in class: Taxon
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the scientificName. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.

Taxon Remarks
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "this name is a misspelling in common use"
has version: taxonRemarks-2009-08-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-08-24
replaces: taxonRemarks-2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Taxon
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: Comments or notes about the taxon or name.

Taxonomic Status
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "invalid", "misapplied", "homotypic synonym", "accepted"
has version: taxonomicStatus-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Taxon
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The status of the use of the scientificName as a label for a taxon. Requires taxonomic opinion to define the scope of a taxon. Rules of priority then are used to define the taxonomic status of the nomenclature contained in that scope, combined with the experts opinion. It must be linked to a specific taxonomic reference that defines the concept. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.

Type Status
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "holotype of Ctenomys sociabilis. Pearson O. P., and M. I. Christie. 1985. Historia Natural, 5(37):388"
has version: typeStatus-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: TypeStatus-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/SpecimenUnit/NomenclaturalTypeDesignations/NomenclaturalTypeText
organized in class: Identification
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A list (concatenated and separated) of nomenclatural types (type status, typified scientific name, publication) applied to the subject.

Verbatim Coordinate System
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "decimal degrees", "degrees decimal minutes", "degrees minutes seconds", "UTM"
has version: verbatimCoordinateSystem-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-07-06
replaces: VerbatimCoordinateSystem-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: (partly) DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/SiteCoordinateSets/SiteCoordinates/CoordinatesGrid/GridCellSystem
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The spatial coordinate system for the verbatimLatitude and verbatimLongitude or the verbatimCoordinates of the Location. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.

Verbatim Coordinates
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "41 05 54S 121 05 34W", "17T 630000 4833400"
has version: verbatimCoordinates-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-07-06
replaces: VerbatimCoordinates-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: {DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/SiteCoordinateSets/SiteCoordinates/CoordinatesLatLon/CoordinatesText or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/SiteCoordinateSets/SiteCoordinates/CoordinatesUTM/UTMText}
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The verbatim original spatial coordinates of the Location. The coordinate ellipsoid, geodeticDatum, or full Spatial Reference System (SRS) for these coordinates should be stored in verbatimSRS and the coordinate system should be stored in verbatimCoordinateSystem.

Verbatim Depth
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "100-200 m"
has version: verbatimDepth-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: VerbatimDepth-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Depth/MeasurementOrFactText
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The original description of the depth below the local surface.

Verbatim Elevation
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "100-200 m"
has version: verbatimElevation-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: VerbatimElevation-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Altitude/MeasurementOrFactText
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The original description of the elevation (altitude, usually above sea level) of the Location.

Verbatim EventDate
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "spring 1910", "Marzo 2002", "1999-03-XX", "17IV1934"
has version: verbatimEventDate-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: VerbatimCollectingDate-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/DateTime/DateText
organized in class: Event
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The verbatim original representation of the date and time information for an Event.

Verbatim Latitude
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "41 05 54.03S"
has version: verbatimLatitude-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-07-06
replaces: VerbatimLatitude-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/SiteCoordinateSets/SiteCoordinates/CoordinatesLatLon/VerbatimLatitude
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The verbatim original latitude of the Location. The coordinate ellipsoid, geodeticDatum, or full Spatial Reference System (SRS) for these coordinates should be stored in verbatimSRS and the coordinate system should be stored in verbatimCoordinateSystem.

Verbatim Locality
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "25 km NNE Bariloche por R. Nac. 237"
has version: verbatimLocality-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/NamedAreas/NamedArea/AreaName
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The original textual description of the place.

Verbatim Longitude
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "121d 10' 34" W"
has version: verbatimLongitude-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-07-06
replaces: VerbatimLongitude-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/SiteCoordinateSets/SiteCoordinates/CoordinatesLatLon/VerbatimLongitude
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The verbatim original longitude of the Location. The coordinate ellipsoid, geodeticDatum, or full Spatial Reference System (SRS) for these coordinates should be stored in verbatimSRS and the coordinate system should be stored in verbatimCoordinateSystem.

Verbatim SRS
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "EPSG:4326", "WGS84", "NAD27", "Campo Inchauspe", "European 1950", "Clarke 1866"
has version: verbatimSRS-2009-07-06
issued: 2009-07-06
modified: 2009-07-06
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The ellipsoid, geodetic datum, or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which coordinates given in verbatimLatitude and verbatimLongitude, or verbatimCoordinates are based. Recommended best practice is use the EPSG code as a controlled vocabulary to provide an SRS, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the geodetic datum, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the ellipsoid, if known. If none of these is known, use the value "unknown".

Verbatim Taxon Rank
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Agamospecies", "sub-lesus", "prole", "apomict", "nothogrex", "sp.", "subsp.", "var."
has version: verbatimRank-2009-09-21
issued: 2009-07-06
modified: 2009-09-21
replaces: verbatimScientificNameRank-2009-07-06
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Taxon
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the scientificName as it appears in the original record.

Vernacular Name
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Andean Condor", "Condor Andino", "American Eagle", "Gänsegeier"
has version: vernacularName-2009-07-06
issued: 2009-07-06
modified: 2009-07-06
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
organized in class: Taxon
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A common or vernacular name.

Water Body
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Examples: "Indian Ocean", "Baltic Sea", "Hudson River"
has version: waterBody-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: WaterBody-2007-04-17
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/NamedAreas/NamedArea/AreaName with NamedAreas/NamedArea/AreaClass= Water body
organized in class: Location
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The name of the water body in which the Location occurs. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.

Year
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Example: "2008"
has version: year-2009-04-24
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2009-04-24
replaces: YearCollected-2003-06-17
abcd equivalence: accessible from DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/ISODateTimeBegin
organized in class: Event
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: The four-digit year in which the Event occurred, according to the Common Era Calendar.

observing process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_specified_input
  some values from: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_specified_output
  some values from: information content entity
taxonomic inventory metadata preferred name: sighting
example of usage: A trip camera capture of an image of a jaguar is an observation, because it is "selected" by the camera as worthy of obsevation simply by virtue of moving in front of the camera.
example of usage: Observing and recording the presence or absence of butterflies during a transect walk.
example of usage: Seeing three pelicans flying overhead on Christmas day and report them as part of the Christmas Bird Count.
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A process in which a person or machine sees or detects a material entity and selects it as worthy of observation, and which has as output an information content entity about the selected material entity.
editor note: This class replaces class bco_0000003, which was made obsolete because of identifier format.
editor note: We are having conversation with OBI developers about how this term relates to OBI:assay (). Is it equivalent, broader, narrower? What does it mean to be the input to an observation.
creator: Biocode Commons Ontology Hackathon
comment: An observing process is distinguished from a specimen collecting process in by having an information content entity as an output rather than a specimen. The information artifact may be written or recorded or just be stored in someone's head (specifically depenedent upon that person). In the context of a taxonomic inventory, an observing process may be called a sighting, which is an ad hoc reporting of, typically, a single taxon occurrence, usually motivated by rarity, individual interest in the taxon, or atypicality of circumstances.

submitting process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_specified_output
  some values from: material entity
example of usage: a curator submitting a herbarium speciman to a museum
example of usage: a researcher submitting a water sample to a laboratory storage collection
has curation status: requires discussion
definition: A planned process whereby a person submits a material sample to an organization.
editor note: false
creator: Biocode Commons Ontology Hackathon

locality description
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
has curation status: requires discussion
definition: An information artifact that is about a spatio-temporal region at which a process (such as collecting process, observing process, or material sampling process) occured.
editor note: This term replaces the obsolete class bco_0000025, but with the correct identifier format.
creator: Biocode Commons Ontology Hackathon
comment: Darwin Core needs to describe both the site and time where some activity occurred as an information content entity (e.g., in recording data from a lab notebook),therefore, we made locality description about a spatial temporal region, rather than a site.

museum collection
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: specimen
example of usage: The herbarium collection at the New York Botanical Garden.
example of usage: the painting collection at the Louvre Museum
has curation status: requires discussion
definition: An object aggregate that has as member part a material sample that is located in museum as a result of a process of curation.
editor note: This term replaced bco_0000031, which was made obsolete because of incorrect identifier format.
creator: Biocode Commons Ontology Hackathon
comment: Intent is to document biodiversity for research and education. The class museum collection has meaning that is much broader than biological collections. It would probably be better to import this term from another, more general ontology and create a specific subclass for natural history museum collection.

organismal museum collection
type: Class
subclass of: museum collection
example of usage: the insect collection at the Smithsonian Institution
has curation status: requires discussion
definition: A museum collection that has as member part a material sample that was derived from an organism.
editor note: This term replaced bco_0000032, which was made obsolete because of incorrect identifier format.
creator: Biocode Commons Ontology Hackathon

taxonomic identification process
type: Class
equivalent class: Identification
subclass of: planned process
example of usage: Associating a museum specimen with a specific taxonomic concept based on its characters.
example of usage: Using BLAST to identify the taxa present in an environmental (metagenomic) sample.
example of usage: Using DNA barcoding to identify a plant species.
example of usage: Using a key to identify a plant in the field.
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A planned process by which an organismal entity is associated with a taxon or taxa.
editor note: Need to add a relation for has specified output some taxonomic association.
editor note: This term replaces bco_0000042, which was made obsolete because of incorrect identifier format.
creator: Biocode Commons Ontology Hackathon

material target of observation
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has role
    some values from: material target of observation role
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: material target of observation role
example of usage: A bird observed during a Christmas Bird Count
example of usage: A bird observed during a transect walk.
example of usage: A tree is forest plot that is measured for diameter at breast height (DBH).
example of usage: An lizard observed in the field that is not collected but whose location is recorded in a field notebook.
has curation status: requires discussion
definition: A material entity that has a target of observation role, that is, a material entity that is the input of some observing process.
editor note: This term replaces bco_0000044, which was made obsolete because of incorrect identifier format.
creator: Biocode Commons Ontology Hackathon

material target of observation role
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: role
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is realized by
    some values from: observing process
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is realized by
  some values from: observing process
example of usage: the role borne by a bird during a Christmas Bird Count
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A role that is borne by some material entity and is realized by the material entity being the input of an observing process.
editor note: This term replaced bco_0000046, which was made obsolete because of incorrect identifier format.
creator: Biocode Commons Ontology Hackathon

taxonomic inventory process
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: planned process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has_specified_output
    some values from: taxonomic inventory
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_specified_output
  some values from: taxonomic inventory
taxonomic inventory metadata preferred name: inventory type
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A planned process by which a taxonomic inventory is created.
creator: Taxonomic Inventory Metadata Workshop
source: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc
comment: not sure if this should be a type of assay or a type of planned process

taxonomic inventory
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: information content entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is_specified_output_of
    some values from: taxonomic inventory process
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is_specified_output_of
  some values from: taxonomic inventory process
example of usage: "The Flora of North America"
example of usage: The butterflies of Great Britain
example of usage: The plants of Yosemite National Park
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A list of names ascribed to biological entities of specified organismal scope recorded over some defined spatial and temporal scope following a described sampling protocol and sampling effort, potentially including values indicating abundance or biomass of the biological entities
creator: Taxonomic Inventory Metadata Workshop
source: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc
comment: The biological entities are almost always species and the organismal scope typically a taxon but potentially also an ecologically or functionally defined grouping (e.g. ‘water birds’ or ‘trees’) or other operational unit (e.g. genes). The list would typically contain multiple entities, but may be as short as a single entity or, if a sampling effort focused on a certain taxon yielded no results, even contain none.

restricted search taxonomic inventory process
type: Class
subclass of: taxonomic inventory process
taxonomic inventory metadata preferred name: restricted search
example of usage: Pollard transect-- "walk a 1km transect at a slow&steady pace, and report on all TOI within 5m in front, and 2.5m on either side of you."
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A taxonomic inventory process that is restricted to defined plots, transects, or points, in which a person or group of people is comprehensively covering the entire defined area, usually with a defined survey time or pace. The search is restricted to a well-defined and human-scale geospatial area (traversable within a time course of less than a day) within which there is an expectation of a comprehensive accounting of the taxonomic items of interest.
creator: Taxonomic Inventory Metadata Workshop
source: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc

open search taxonomic inventory process
type: Class
subclass of: taxonomic inventory process
taxonomic inventory metadata preferred name: open search
example of usage: Individual Christmas Bird Count by some team. Organized field trip to a State Park.
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A taxonomic inventory process in which the search is restricted within a larger defined geographic area, but where effort isn't even or complete across the defined region. That is, a planned search restricted to a larger, defined geographic area, but effort isn't evenly distributed throughout the area, nor expected to be a complete and comprehensive accounting of taxa of interest across the defined region. Temporal duration is typically longer than restricted search, lasting hours to all day.
creator: Taxonomic Inventory Metadata Workshop
source: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc

opportunistic search taxonomic inventory process
type: Class
subclass of: taxonomic inventory process
taxonomic inventory metadata preferred name: opportunistic search
example of usage: Many E-Bird lists are of this nature; useful supplementary information is that observers should state whether they documented every taxon of interest they saw.
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A taxonomic inventory process that is a more casual reporting of occurrences of taxa of interest, often intended to be comprehensive accounting of the taxa of interest, but with no planned trajectory for discovery, nor pre-specified investment of effort.
creator: Taxonomic Inventory Metadata Workshop
source: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc
comment: This is more typically used to report multiple sightings, where the motivation is to record presence and abundance, rather than for individual anecdotal occurrences that are noteworthy.

trap or sample taxonomic inventory process
type: Class
subclass of: taxonomic inventory process
taxonomic inventory metadata preferred name: trap/sample inventory
example of usage: an inventory of insects in a area using pheremone traps
example of usage: an inventory of the large mammals of a park based on camera traps
example of usage: inventories based on trawl samples
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A taxonomic inventory process that is typically highly restricted in geospatial extent that involves either the physical extraction of some evidence of the presence of the taxa of interest, such as scat, fur, other material samples or information artifacts such as photographs or sound recordings.
creator: Taxonomic Inventory Metadata Workshop
source: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc
comment: Can be highly targeted and or baited (pheromone trap), or general (pitfall). Trap events can either be "triggered" but of long-term deployment, or rigorously temporally specified (left out overnight).

adventitious taxonomic inventory process
type: Class
subclass of: taxonomic inventory process
taxonomic inventory metadata preferred name: adventitious inventory
example of usage: data from ecological studies in which presence of some taxa is recorded to clarify population or community parameters
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A taxonomic inventory process in which taxon occurrences are recorded as a co-variates of another study, or by happenstance, and later compiled as a taxonomic inventory.
creator: Taxonomic Inventory Metadata Workshop
source: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc

compilation taxonomic inventory process
type: Class
subclass of: taxonomic inventory process
taxonomic inventory metadata preferred name: compilation inventory
example of usage: Atlases and Checklists
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A taxonomic inventory process in which a list of taxa of interest is assembled from various combinations of existing taxonomic inventories, rather than generated de novo from observations or samples.
creator: Taxonomic Inventory Metadata Workshop
source: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc
comment: A compiliation taxonomic inventory process is typically required to document the occurences of taxa of interest over large geospatial areas, or to derive the most comprehensive accounting of presence and absence of taxa of interest in a larger region.

museum
type: Class
subclass of: organization
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: museum collection
example of usage: The Louvre Museum
example of usage: The Smithsonian Institution
has curation status: ready for release
definition: An institution that cares for (conserves) a collection of artifacts and other objects of scientific, artistic, cultural, or historical importance.
definition source: ISBN:9780759105096
comment: A museum may make its collections available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary. The class museum has meaning that is much broader than biological collecitons. It may be better to import this term from another, more general ontology and create a specific subclass for natural history museum.

fossil specimen
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
example of usage: a fossil housed in a natural history museum
definition: A specimen that is derived from a fossil.
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
deprecated: true

living specimen
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
example of usage: a bacterial culture in a culture collection
example of usage: a tree in an arboretum
example of usage: an animal in a zoo
example of usage: germplasm
definition: A specimen that is alive.
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
deprecated: true

preserved specimen
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
definition: A specimen that has been preserved.
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
deprecated: true

darwin core class
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
deprecated: true

human observation process
type: Class
subclass of: observing process
example of usage: a biologist recording an observation of an animal in a field notebook
example of usage: an entomologist recording the presense of butterflies while walking a transect
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: An observing process in which the observing entity consists of one or more humans.
comment: May be able to use the has agent = has active participant relationship for defining this. May want to work with OBI to define this term in a more general sense for investigations.

machine observation process
type: Class
subclass of: observing process
example of usage: a camera trap recording the presence of a jaguar
example of usage: a sensor periodically recording the surface temperature of a leaf over several hours
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: An observing process in which the observing entity consists of one or more machines.
comment: May want to work with OBI to define this term in a more general sense for investigations.

identification assertion
type: Class
subclass of: data item
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: to taxon
  some values from: Taxon
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: of organism
  some values from: organismal entity
definition: A data item that is the output of a taxonomic identification process and associates some organismal entity with a taxon or taxa.
definition source: PPO hackathon Sep. 2016.

entity
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
BFO OWL specification label: entity
BFO CLIF specification label: Entity
editor preferred term: entity
example of usage: Julius Caesar
example of usage: Verdi’s Requiem
example of usage: the Second World War
example of usage: your body mass index
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81
editor note: Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf
imported from: bfo.owl
imported from: obi.owl
elucidation: An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])

continuant
type: Class
subclass of: entity
disjoint with: occurrent
editor preferred term: continuant
example of usage: a heart
example of usage: a person
example of usage: a symphony orchestra
example of usage: the color of a tomato
example of usage: the disposition of blood to coagulate
example of usage: the lawn and atmosphere in front of our building
example of usage: the mass of a cloud
definition: An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts.
alternative term: endurant
imported from: obi.owl

occurrent
type: Class
subclass of: entity
editor preferred term: occurrent
example of usage: a surgical operation as processual context for a nosocomical infection
example of usage: the life of an organism
example of usage: the most interesting part of Van Gogh's life
example of usage: the spatiotemporal context occupied by a process of cellular meiosis
example of usage: the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor
definition: An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. Sometimes also called perdurants.
definition: An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time.
alternative term: perdurant
imported from: obi.owl

independent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: entity
subclass of: continuant
disjoint with: specifically dependent continuant
disjoint with: generically dependent continuant
BFO OWL specification label: ic
BFO CLIF specification label: IndependentContinuant
editor preferred term: independent continuant
example of usage: a chair
example of usage: a heart
example of usage: a leg
example of usage: a molecule
example of usage: a person
example of usage: a spatial region
example of usage: a symphony orchestra
example of usage: an atom
example of usage: an orchestra.
example of usage: an organism
example of usage: the bottom right portion of a human torso
example of usage: the interior of your mouth
example of usage: the lawn and atmosphere in front of our building
definition: A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything.
definition: b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
alternative term: substantial entity
imported from: bfo.owl
imported from: obi.owl
has associated axiom(nl): For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])
has associated axiom(nl): For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002]

Axiom
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: definition
annotated target: b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/017-002

Axiom
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/134-001

Axiom
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/018-002

Axiom
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/134-001

Axiom
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/018-002

Axiom
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/017-002

obsolete dependent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
definition: A continuant that is either dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers or inheres in or is borne by other entities.
deprecated: true

temporal region
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
editor preferred term: temporal region
example of usage: the duration of a surgical procedure
example of usage: the moment of death
example of usage: the time it takes to run a marathon
definition: An occurrent that is part of time.
editor note: All instances of occurrent [span:Occurrent] are temporal entities, that is, they enter in the relation of (temporal) location with temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities. As a particular case, the exact spatiotemporal location of a temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] is this region itself. Continuant [snap:Continuant] entities are not temporal entities in the technical sense just explained; they are related to time in a different way, not through temporal location but through a relation of existence at a time or during a period of time (see continuant [snap:Continuant].
editor note: An instance of temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] is a part of time. All parts of time are temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities and only temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities are parts of time. Time is the entire extent of the temporal universe, a designated individual, which is thus a temporal region itself.
editor note: Time and temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities are entities in their own rights which exist independently of any entities which can be located at them. This view of time can be called "absolutist" or "the container view" in analogy to what is traditionally the case with space (see spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion].
imported from: obi.owl

process
type: Class
equivalent class: Event
subclass of: occurrent
definition: An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t.

disposition
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
disjoint with: role

realizable entity
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
disjoint with: quality
definition: A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances.

quality
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant

specifically dependent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
disjoint with: generically dependent continuant
editor preferred term: specifically dependent continuant
example of usage: the color of a tomato
example of usage: the disposition of fish to decay
example of usage: the function of the heart in the body: to pump blood, to receive de-oxygenated and oxygenated blood, etc.
example of usage: the liquidity of blood
example of usage: the mass of a cloud
example of usage: the role of being a doctor
example of usage: the smell of mozzarella
definition: A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same.
alternative term: mode
alternative term: property
alternative term: trope
imported from: obi.owl

role
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
editor preferred term: role
example of usage: the role of a biological grandfather as legal guardian in the context of a system of laws
example of usage: the role of a chemical compound in an experiment
example of usage: the role of a patient relative as defined by a hospital administrative form
example of usage: the role of a person as a surgeon
example of usage: the role of a student in a university
example of usage: the role of a woman as a legal mother in the context of system of laws
example of usage: the role of ingested matter in digestion
definition: A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts.
imported from: obi.owl

object aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
BFO OWL specification label: object-aggregate
BFO CLIF specification label: ObjectAggregate
example of usage: a collection of cells in a blood biobank.
example of usage: a swarm of bees is an aggregate of members who are linked together through natural bonds
example of usage: a symphony orchestra
example of usage: an organization is an aggregate whose member parts have roles of specific types (for example in a jazz band, a chess club, a football team)
example of usage: defined by fiat: the aggregate of members of an organization
example of usage: defined through physical attachment: the aggregate of atoms in a lump of granite
example of usage: defined through physical containment: the aggregate of molecules of carbon dioxide in a sealed container
example of usage: defined via attributive delimitations such as: the patients in this hospital
example of usage: the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint
example of usage: the aggregate of blood cells in your body
example of usage: the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere
example of usage: the restaurants in Palo Alto
example of usage: your collection of Meissen ceramic plates.
editor note: An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: object aggregates may gain and lose parts while remaining numerically identical (one and the same individual) over time. This holds both for aggregates whose membership is determined naturally (the aggregate of cells in your body) and aggregates determined by fiat (a baseball team, a congressional committee).
definition source: ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158.
elucidation: b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004]

Axiom
annotated source: object aggregate
annotated property: editor note
annotated target: An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000011

Axiom
annotated source: object aggregate
annotated property: editor note
annotated target: An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000301

Axiom
annotated source: object aggregate
annotated property: definition source
annotated target: ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158.
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000300

Axiom
annotated source: object aggregate
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/025-004

Axiom
annotated source: object aggregate
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/025-004

site
type: Class
equivalent class: Location
subclass of: immaterial entity
BFO OWL specification label: site
BFO CLIF specification label: Site
example of usage: Manhattan Canyon)
example of usage: a hole in the interior of a portion of cheese
example of usage: a rabbit hole
example of usage: an air traffic control region defined in the airspace above an airport
example of usage: the Grand Canyon
example of usage: the Piazza San Marco
example of usage: the cockpit of an aircraft
example of usage: the hold of a ship
example of usage: the interior of a kangaroo pouch
example of usage: the interior of the trunk of your car
example of usage: the interior of your bedroom
example of usage: the interior of your office
example of usage: the interior of your refrigerator
example of usage: the lumen of your gut
example of usage: your left nostril (a fiat part – the opening – of your left nasal cavity)
imported from: bfo.owl
elucidation: b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002]

object
type: Class
subclass of: material entity

generically dependent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
BFO OWL specification label: gdc
BFO CLIF specification label: GenericallyDependentContinuant
editor preferred term: generically dependent continuant
example of usage: The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity.
example of usage: a certain PDF file that exists in different and in several hard drives
example of usage: the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop
example of usage: the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule.
definition: A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time.
definition: b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
imported from: obi.owl
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001]

Axiom
annotated source: generically dependent continuant
annotated property: definition
annotated target: b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/074-001

Axiom
annotated source: generically dependent continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/074-001

function
type: Class
subclass of: disposition

material entity
type: Class
subclass of: independent continuant
disjoint with: immaterial entity
BFO OWL specification label: material
BFO CLIF specification label: MaterialEntity
editor preferred term: material entity
example of usage: a flame
example of usage: a forest fire
example of usage: a human being
example of usage: a hurricane
example of usage: a photon
example of usage: a puff of smoke
example of usage: a sea wave
example of usage: a tornado
example of usage: an aggregate of human beings.
example of usage: an energy wave
example of usage: an epidemic
example of usage: the undetached arm of a human being
definition: An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity.
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here.
editor note: Examples: collection of random bacteria, a chair, dorsal surface of the body
editor note: Material entity [snap:MaterialEntity] subsumes object [snap:Object], fiat object part [snap:FiatObjectPart], and object aggregate [snap:ObjectAggregate], which assume a three level theory of granularity, which is inadequate for some domains, such as biology.
imported from: obi.owl
elucidation: A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002])
has associated axiom(nl): Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002])
has associated axiom(nl): every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002]

Axiom
annotated source: material entity
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/019-002

Axiom
annotated source: material entity
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/020-002

Axiom
annotated source: material entity
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/021-002

Axiom
annotated source: material entity
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/019-002

Axiom
annotated source: material entity
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/021-002

Axiom
annotated source: material entity
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/020-002

immaterial entity
type: Class
subclass of: independent continuant
BFO OWL specification label: immaterial
BFO CLIF specification label: ImmaterialEntity
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10
imported from: bfo.owl

organism or virus or viroid
type: Class
subclass of: organismal entity
definition: Material anatomical entity that is a member of an individual species or is a viral or viroid particle.
term editor: Melissa Haendel
imported from: Common Anatomy Reference Onotology - CARO2
OBO foundry unique label: organism or virus
IAO created by: Melissa Haendel
IAO creation date: 9/18/11

organism
type: Class
subclass of: organism or virus or viroid
definition: An individual member of a clade.
OBO foundry unique label: organism
IAO created by: mah
IAO creation date: 7.16.2011
comment: A general term for organism that is agnostic about single cell vs multi-cellular. Note that this is a subclass of 'anatomical structure', meaning that an organism must be a connected structure. So, if I take one plant and make a rooted cutting from a it, I now have two (clonally related) organisms.

deoxyribonucleic acid
type: Class
subclass of: nucleic acid
editor preferred term: deoxyribonucleic acid
definition: High molecular weight, linear polymers, composed of nucleotides containing deoxyribose and linked by phosphodiester bonds; DNA contain the genetic information of organisms.
imported from: chebi.owl
imported from: obi.owl

nucleic acid
type: Class
subclass of: macromolecule
editor preferred term: nucleic acid
definition: A macromolecule made up of nucleotide units and hydrolysable into certain pyrimidine or purine bases (usually adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil), D-ribose or 2-deoxy-D-ribose and phosphoric acid.
imported from: chebi.owl
imported from: obi.owl

ribonucleic acid
type: Class
subclass of: nucleic acid
editor preferred term: ribonucleic acid
definition: High molecular weight, linear polymers, composed of nucleotides containing ribose and linked by phosphodiester bonds; RNA is central to the synthesis of proteins.
imported from: chebi.owl
imported from: obi.owl

macromolecule
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
editor preferred term: macromolecule
definition: A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
alternative term: polymer
imported from: chebi.owl
imported from: obi.owl

objective specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
editor preferred term: objective specification
has curation status: ready for release
definition: a directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint.
editor note: Answers the question, why did you do this experiment?
term editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON: Barry Smith
term editor: PERSON: Bjoern Peters
term editor: PERSON: Jennifer Fostel
definition source: OBI Plan and Planned Process/Roles Branch
definition source: OBI_0000217
imported from: obi.owl

action specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  all values from: Class
    complement of: Class
      union of: objective specification
      union of: plan specification
editor preferred term: action specification
example of usage: Pour the contents of flask 1 into flask 2
has curation status: ready for release
definition: a directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: OBI Plan and Planned Process branch
imported from: obi.owl

information carrier
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
editor preferred term: information carrier
example of usage: In the case of a printed paperback novel the physicality of the ink and of the paper form part of the information bearer. The qualities of appearing black and having a certain pattern for the ink and appearing white for the paper form part of the information carrier in this case.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A quality of an information bearer that imparts the information content
editor note: 12/15/09: There is a concern that some ways that carry information may be processes rather than qualities, such as in a 'delayed wave carrier'.
term editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy
imported from: obi.owl

data item
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
editor preferred term: data item
example of usage: Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method that reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.
editor note: 2/2/2009 Alan and Bjoern discussing FACS run output data. This is a data item because it is about the cell population. Each element records an event and is typically further composed a set of measurment data items that record the fluorescent intensity stimulated by one of the lasers.
editor note: 2009-03-16: data item deliberatly ambiguous: we merged data set and datum to be one entity, not knowing how to define singular versus plural. So data item is more general than datum.
editor note: 2009-03-16: removed datum as alternative term as datum specifically refers to singular form, and is thus not an exact synonym.
term editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON: Chris Stoeckert
term editor: PERSON: Jonathan Rees
alternative term: data
imported from: obi.owl

information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: generically dependent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: entity
editor preferred term: information content entity
example of usage: Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: an information content entity is an entity that is generically dependent on some material entity and stands in relation of aboutness to some entity
term editor: PERSON: Chris Stoeckert
definition source: OBI_0000142
imported from: obi.owl

directive information entity
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
editor preferred term: directive information entity
has curation status: ready for release
definition: An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process.
editor note: 8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: Changed label from "information entity about a realizable" after discussions at ICBO
editor note: Philly2013 - AR: What differentiates a directive information entity from an information concretization is that it can have concretizations that are either qualities or realizable entities. The concretizations that are realizable entities are created when an individual chooses to take up the direction, i.e. has the intention to (try to) realize it.
editor note: Werner pushed back on calling it realizable information entity as it isn't realizable. However this name isn't right either. An example would be a recipe. The realizable entity would be a plan, but the information entity isn't about the plan, it, once concretized, *is* the plan. -Alan
term editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON: Bjoern Peters
imported from: obi.owl

curation status specification
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: example to be eventually removed
  one of: FossilSpecimen
  one of: organizational term
  one of: ready for release
  one of: metadata incomplete
  one of: uncurated
  one of: pending final vetting
  one of: to be replaced with external ontology term
  one of: requires discussion
subclass of: data item
subclass of: data about an ontology part
editor preferred term: curation status specification
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
editor note: Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting)
term editor: PERSON:Bill Bug
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
definition source: OBI_0000266
imported from: obi.owl

image
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
editor preferred term: image
has curation status: ready for release
definition: An image is an affine projection to a two dimensional surface, of measurements of some quality of an entity or entities repeated at regular intervals across a spatial range, where the measurements are represented as color and luminosity on the projected on surface.
term editor: person:Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: person:Allyson
term editor: person:Chris Stoeckert
definition source: OBI_0000030
definition source: group:OBI
imported from: obi.owl

data about an ontology part
type: Class
subclass of: data item
definition: data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term
term editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg

plan specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: objective specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: action specification
editor preferred term: plan specification
example of usage: To lose weight, go running daily for at least 30 minutes. To isolate plasma from blood, centrifuge tubes at 1100-1300 rpm for 15 minutes.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: a directive information entity that, when concretized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives, in part by taking the actions specified.
editor note: 2009-03-16: provenance: a term a plan was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000344) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was " a plan is a specification of a process that is realized by an actor to achieve the objective specified as part of the plan". It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.
editor note: Alternative previous definition: a plan is a set of instructions that specify how an objective should be achieved
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: OBI Plan and Planned Process branch
definition source: OBI_0000344
imported from: obi.owl

measurement data item
type: Class
subclass of: data item
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is_specified_output_of
  some values from: assay
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has value specification
  some values from: value specification
editor preferred term: measurement data item
example of usage: Examples of measurement data are the recoding of the weight of a mouse as {40,mass,"grams"}, the recording of an observation of the behavior of the mouse {,process,"agitated"}, the recording of the expression level of a gene as measured through the process of microarray experiment {3.4,luminosity,}.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A data item that is a recording of the output of an assay.
editor note: 2/2/2009 is_specified_output of some assay?
term editor: person:Chris Stoeckert
alternative term: measurement datum
definition source: OBI_0000305
definition source: group:OBI
imported from: obi.owl

material information bearer
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
editor preferred term: material information bearer
example of usage: A page of a paperback novel with writing on it. The paper itself is a material information bearer, the pattern of ink is the information carrier. Additional examples: a hard drive, a brain.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A material entity in which a concretization of an information content entity inheres.
term editor: GROUP: IAO
imported from: obi.owl

photograph
type: Class
subclass of: image
editor preferred term: photograph
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A photograph is created by projecting an image onto a photosensitive surface such as a chemically treated plate or film, CCD receptor, etc.
term editor: PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON:Joanne Luciano
term editor: PERSON:Melanie Courtot
definition source: WEB: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/photograph
imported from: obi.owl

obsolescence reason specification
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: failed exploratory term
  one of: placeholder removed
  one of: terms merged
  one of: term imported
  one of: term split
subclass of: data about an ontology part
editor preferred term: obsolescence reason specification
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: The reason for which a term has been deprecated. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
editor note: The creation of this class has been inspired in part by Werner Ceusters' paper, Applying evolutionary terminology auditing to the Gene Ontology.
term editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot

document
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
editor preferred term: document
example of usage: A journal article, patent application, laboratory notebook, or a book
has curation status: FossilSpecimen
definition: A collection of information content entities intended to be understood together as a whole
term editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
imported from: obi.owl

denotator type
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: universal
  one of: defined class
  one of: named class expression
subclass of: data about an ontology part
example of usage: The Basic Formal Ontology ontology makes a distinction between Universals and defined classes, where the formal are "natural kinds" and the latter arbitrary collections of entities.
definition: A denotator type indicates how a term should be interpreted from an ontological perspective.
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters

Eukaryota
type: Class
subclass of: organism
imported from: ncbitaxon.owl
has rank: NCBITaxon superkingdom
has db xref: GC_ID:1
has db xref: PMID:23020233
has exact synonym: eucaryotes
has exact synonym: eukaryotes
has OBO namespace: ncbi_taxonomy
has related synonym: Eucarya
has related synonym: Eucaryotae
has related synonym: Eukarya
has related synonym: Eukaryotae
has related synonym: eukaryotes

Metazoa
type: Class
subclass of: Eukaryota
imported from: ncbitaxon.owl
has rank: NCBITaxon kingdom
has db xref: GC_ID:1
has exact synonym: metazoans
has exact synonym: multicellular animals
has OBO namespace: ncbi_taxonomy
has related synonym: Animalia
has related synonym: animals

Homo sapiens
type: Class
subclass of: Metazoa
imported from: ncbitaxon.owl
has rank: NCBITaxon species
has db xref: GC_ID:1
has exact synonym: human
has exact synonym: man
has OBO namespace: ncbi_taxonomy

planned process
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: concretizes
    some values from: plan specification
subclass of: process
subclass of: Event
editor preferred term: planned process
example of usage: Injecting mice with a vaccine in order to test its efficacy
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A processual entity that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification.
editor note: 'Plan' includes a future direction sense. That can be problematic if plans are changed during their execution. There are however implicit contingencies for protocols that an agent has in his mind that can be considered part of the plan, even if the agent didn't have them in mind before. Therefore, a planned process can diverge from what the agent would have said the plan was before executing it, by adjusting to problems encountered during execution (e.g. choosing another reagent with equivalent properties, if the originally planned one has run out.)
term editor: Bjoern Peters
definition source: branch derived
curator note: 6/11/9: Edited at workshop. Used to include: is initiated by an agent
curator note: This class merges the previously separated objective driven process and planned process, as they the separation proved hard to maintain. (1/22/09, branch call)
imported from: obi.owl

evaluant role
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: inheres in
  some values from: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is realized by
  all values from: assay
editor preferred term: evaluant role
example of usage: When a specimen of blood is assayed for glucose concentration, the blood has the evaluant role. When measuring the mass of a mouse, the evaluant is the mouse. When measuring the time of DNA replication, the evaluant is the DNA. When measuring the intensity of light on a surface, the evaluant is the light source.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: a role that inheres in a material entity that is realized in an assay in which data is generated about the bearer of the evaluant role
editor note: Role call - 17nov-08: JF and MC think an evaluant role is always specified input of a process. Even in the case where we have an assay taking blood as evaluant and outputting blood, the blood is not the specified output at the end of the assay (the concentration of glucose in the blood is)
editor note: examples of features that could be described in an evaluant: quality.... e.g. "contains 10 pg/ml IL2", or "no glucose detected")
term editor: GROUP: Role Branch
definition source: OBI
curator note: Feb 10, 2009. changes after discussion at OBI Consortium Workshop Feb 2-6, 2009. accepted as core term.
imported from: obi.owl

assay
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: achieves_planned_objective
  some values from: assay objective
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: evaluant role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_specified_input
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: material entity
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has role
      some values from: evaluant role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_specified_output
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: information content entity
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: is about
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: material entity
        intersection of: Restriction
editor preferred term: assay
example of usage: Assay the wavelength of light emitted by excited Neon atoms. Count of geese flying over a house.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A planned process with the objective to produce information about the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies.
editor note: 12/3/12: BP: the reference to the 'physical examination' is included to point out that a prediction is not an assay, as that does not require physical examiniation.
term editor: PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
alternative term: measuring
alternative term: scientific observation
definition source: OBI branch derived
imported from: obi.owl
ISA alternative term: study assay
IEDB alternative term: any method

specimen role
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: inheres in
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: material entity
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: is_specified_output_of
      some values from: specimen collection process
editor preferred term: specimen role
example of usage: liver section; a portion of a culture of cells; a nemotode or other animal once no longer a subject (generally killed); portion of blood from a patient.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: a role borne by a material entity that is gained during a specimen collection process and that can be realized by use of the specimen in an investigation
editor note: 22Jun09. The definition includes whole organisms, and can include a human. The link between specimen role and study subject role has been removed. A specimen taken as part of a case study is not considered to be a population representative, while a specimen taken as representing a population, e.g. person taken from a cohort, blood specimen taken from an animal) would be considered a population representative and would also bear material sample role.
editor note: Note: definition is in specimen creation objective which is defined as an objective to obtain and store a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation.
term editor: GROUP: Role Branch
alternative term: material sample
definition source: OBI
imported from: obi.owl

imaging assay
type: Class
subclass of: assay
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_specified_output
  some values from: image
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: achieves_planned_objective
  some values from: assay objective
editor preferred term: imaging assay
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: An imaging assay is an assay to produce a picture of an entity. definition_source: OBI.
term editor: PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
definition source: OBI branch derived
imported from: obi.owl

organization
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
editor preferred term: organization
example of usage: PMID: 16353909.AAPS J. 2005 Sep 22;7(2):E274-80. Review. The joint food and agriculture organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives and its role in the evaluation of the safety of veterinary drug residues in foods.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members.
term editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON: Bjoern Peters
term editor: PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra
term editor: PERSON: Susanna Sansone
definition source: GROUP: OBI
imported from: obi.owl

protocol
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
editor preferred term: protocol
example of usage: PCR protocol, has objective specification, amplify DNA fragment of interest, and has action specification describes the amounts of experimental reagents used (e..g. buffers, dNTPS, enzyme), and the temperature and cycle time settings for running the PCR.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A plan specification which has sufficient level of detail and quantitative information to communicate it between investigation agents, so that different investigation agents will reliably be able to independently reproduce the process.
term editor: PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
definition source: OBI branch derived + wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_%28natural_sciences%29)
imported from: obi.owl
ISA alternative term: study protocol

assay objective
type: Class
subclass of: objective specification
editor preferred term: assay objective
example of usage: the objective to determine the weight of a mouse.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: an objective specification to determine a specified type of information about an evaluated entity (the material entity bearing evaluant role)
term editor: PPPB branch
definition source: PPPB branch
imported from: obi.owl

specimen collection process
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: planned process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: achieves_planned_objective
    some values from: specimen collection objective
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_specified_input
  some values from: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_specified_output
  some values from: specimen
BCO preferred label: specimen collection process
editor preferred term: specimen collection process
example of usage: drawing blood from a patient for analysis, collecting a piece of a plant for depositing in a herbarium, buying meat from a butcher in order to measure its protein content in an investigation
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A planned process with the objective of collecting a specimen.
editor note: Note: definition is in specimen creation objective which is defined as an objective to obtain and store a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation.
editor note: Philly2013: A specimen collection can have as part a material entity acquisition, such as ordering from a bank. The distinction is that specimen collection necessarily involves the creation of a specimen role. However ordering cell lines cells from ATCC for use in an investigation is NOT a specimen collection, because the cell lines already have a specimen role.
editor note: Philly2013: The specimen_role for the specimen is created during the specimen collection process.
term editor: Bjoern Peters
alternative term: specimen collection
curator note: 5/31/2012: This process is not necessarily an acquisition, as specimens may be collected from materials already in posession
curator note: 6/9/09: used at workshop
imported from: obi.owl

specimen collection objective
type: Class
subclass of: objective specification
editor preferred term: specimen collection objective
example of usage: The objective to collect bits of excrement in the rainforest. The objective to obtain a blood sample from a patient.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A objective specification to obtain a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation.
term editor: Bjoern Peters
definition source: Bjoern Peters
imported from: obi.owl

primary structure of DNA macromolecule
type: Class
subclass of: generically dependent continuant
editor preferred term: primary structure of DNA macromolecule
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: a quality of a DNA molecule that inheres in its bearer due to the order of its DNA nucleotide residues.
editor note: placeholder for SO
term editor: BP et al
imported from: obi.owl

sequence data
type: Class
subclass of: data item
editor preferred term: sequence data
example of usage: example of usage: the representation of a nucleotide sequence in FASTA format used for a sequence similarity search.
has curation status: FossilSpecimen
term editor: Person:Chris Stoeckert
definition source: GROUP: OBI
imported from: obi.owl

DNA sequence data
type: Class
subclass of: sequence data
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: primary structure of DNA macromolecule
editor preferred term: DNA sequence data
example of usage: The part of a FASTA file that contains the letters ACTGGGAA
has curation status: FossilSpecimen
definition: A sequence data item that is about the primary structure of DNA
term editor: OBI call; Bjoern Peters
definition source: OBI call; Melanie Courtout
curator note: 8/29/11 call: This is added after a request from Melanie and Yu. They should review it further. This should be a child of 'sequence data', and as of the current definition will infer there.
imported from: obi.owl

value specification
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
editor preferred term: value specification
example of usage: The value of 'positive' in a classification scheme of "positive or negative"; the value of '20g' on the quantitative scale of mass.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: An information content entity that specifies a value within a classification scheme or on a quantitative scale.
editor note: This term is currently a descendant of 'information content entity', which requires that it 'is about' something. A value specification of '20g' for a measurement data item of the mass of a particular mouse 'is about' the mass of that mouse. However there are cases where a value specification is not clearly about any particular. In the future we may change 'value specification' to remove the 'is about' requirement.
term editor: PERSON:Bjoern Peters
imported from: obi.owl

specimen
type: Class
equivalent class: Material Sample
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has role
    some values from: specimen role
subclass of: material entity
editor preferred term: specimen
example of usage: A herbarium or museum specimen.
example of usage: A jar of water, the microbes that were filtered from that water, the DNA extracted from those microbes, a subsample of that DNA.
example of usage: Biobanking of blood taken and stored in a freezer for potential future investigations stores specimen.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A material entity that has the specimen role.
editor note: Note: definition is in specimen creation objective which is defined as an objective to obtain and store a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation.
term editor: PERSON: James Malone
term editor: PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra
definition source: GROUP: OBI Biomaterial Branch
imported from: obi.owl

sequencing assay
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has_specified_output
    some values from: sequence data
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: achieves_planned_objective
    some values from: assay objective
subclass of: assay
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_specified_input
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Class
      union of: deoxyribonucleic acid
      union of: ribonucleic acid
      union of: protein
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has role
      some values from: evaluant role
editor preferred term: sequencing assay
example of usage: The use of the Sanger method of DNA sequencing to determine the order of the nucleotides in a DNA template
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: the use of a chemical or biochemical means to infer the sequence of a biomaterial
editor note: has_output should be sequence of input; we don't have sequence well defined yet
term editor: PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
definition source: OBI branch derived
imported from: obi.owl

collection of organisms
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    all values from: organism or virus or viroid
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    min qualified cardinality: 2
    on class: organism or virus or viroid
subclass of: object aggregate
subclass of: organismal entity
example of usage: Examples include: population, community, species (meaning the collection of organisms that makes up a species, not the taxonomic rank), and family.
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A material entity that consists of two or more organisms, viruses, or viroids.
alternative term: group of organism
alternative term: organism collection
comment: May be of the same or different species.

population of organisms
type: Class
subclass of: single-species collection of organisms
example of usage: This a general term that can include every organism of a species living in an area or any subset of them. Subclasses can be more specific as needed.
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A collection of organisms, all of the same species, that live in the same place.
definition source: ISBN:0878932739
comment: It is sometimes difficult to define the physical boundaries of a population. In the case of sexually reproducing organisms, the individuals within a population have the potential to reproduce with one another during the course of their lifetimes. 'Community', as often used to describe a group of humans, is a type of population. Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', IDO_0000509) and OBI ('population', OBI_0000181). The definitions should be standardized across OBO Foundry ontologies and only one term used.

ecological community
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: community
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    min qualified cardinality: 2
    on class: population of organisms
subclass of: community
subclass of: multi-species collection of organisms
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A community of at least two different species, living in a particular area. Must have at least two populations of different species as members.
alternative term: multispecies community
definition source: ISBN:0865423504
comment: Ecological community is defined broadly here. It may be used to describe every organisms living in an area, but is often used to refer only to organisms of a particular taxon or guild (e.g., the plant community, the insect community, the herbivore community). The word community, as it often used to describe a group of humans living together, is a type of single-species collection of organisms.

species as a collection of organisms
type: Class
subclass of: single-species collection of organisms
has curation status: FossilSpecimen
definition: A collection of organisms that has as parts every organism of given species and no organisms of any other species.
editor note: At the moment there is no way to specify in an OWL axiom that the collection includes every individual of a species. This should be added, if possible.
comment: This term is neutral with respect to which organisms are included in a species. Membership will depend on the species concept and the taxonomic assertions used to define the species. These criteria must be specified by the user.

single-species collection of organisms
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    all values from: organism or virus or viroid
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    all values from: Restriction
      on property: member of
      qualified cardinality: 1
      on class: species as a collection of organisms
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    min qualified cardinality: 2
    on class: organism or virus or viroid
subclass of: collection of organisms
has curation status: FossilSpecimen
definition: A material entity that has as parts two or more organisms, viruses, or viroids of the same species and no members of any other species.
alternative term: collection of organisms of the same species

family
type: Class
subclass of: single-species collection of organisms
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A domestic group, or a number of domestic groups linked through descent (demonstrated or stipulated) from a common ancestor, marriage, or adoption.
editor note: Needs axioms for family relationships.
definition source: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C25173
comment: Family membership through marriage or adoption apply primarily to human families. In most species, family membership is defined by common anscestry.

household
type: Class
subclass of: organismal entity
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    all values from: Homo sapiens
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    min qualified cardinality: 1
    on class: Homo sapiens
subclass of: Class
  union of: organism or virus or viroid
  union of: collection of organisms
definition: A material entity that consists of one or more people who live in the same dwelling and also share at meals or living accommodation, and may consist of a single family or some other grouping of people.
term editor: Person: Jie Zheng
definition source: WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Household

collection of humans
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: single-species collection of organisms
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    all values from: Homo sapiens
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    min qualified cardinality: 2
    on class: Homo sapiens
subclass of: single-species collection of organisms
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A collection of organisms of the same species that has as members only humans.
alternative term: human community
alternative term: human population

community
type: Class
subclass of: collection of organisms
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    all values from: organism or virus or viroid
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    min qualified cardinality: 2
    on class: organism or virus or viroid
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A collection of organisms connected by social or biological relations (biotic interactions).
editor note: Need to specify axioms for the biological or social relations, once the relations are specified in the Relation Ontology.
comment: These relations can include shared values, occupying the same spatial relation. A community be be a single species collection of organsisms (as in a human community) or a or multi-species collection of organisms (as in an ecological community).

multi-species collection of organisms
type: Class
subclass of: collection of organisms
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A collection of organisms that consists of two or more organisms from at least two species.
editor note: Need to add axiom to specify that it has at a mimum members of two different species.

agricultural household
type: Class
subclass of: household
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A household in which the majority of the income of its members is derived from agricultural activities.
editor note: This is a more narrow definition in which the majority of income of a house comes from agricultural activities, as opposed to the broad definition in which any income comes from agricultural activities. The narrow definition was chosen to be consistent with the SDGIO (UN Sustainable Development Goals) which requested this term.

organismal entity
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  union of: organism or virus or viroid
  union of: collection of organisms
subclass of: material entity
definition: A material entity that is one or more organisms, viruses or viroids.

pair of interacting organisms
type: Class
subclass of: collection of organisms
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has member
  all values from: organism or virus or viroid
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has member
  qualified cardinality: 2
  on class: organism or virus or viroid

pair of interacting organisms of the same species
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: pair of interacting organisms
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    all values from: Restriction
      on property: member of
      qualified cardinality: 1
      on class: species as a collection of organisms
subclass of: single-species collection of organisms
subclass of: pair of interacting organisms

protein
type: Class
subclass of: macromolecule
editor preferred term: protein
example of usage: antithrombin III is a protein
definition: An amino acid chain that is produced de novo by ribosome-mediated translation of a genetically-encoded mRNA.
imported from: obi.owl
imported from: pr.owl

evidence role
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
example of usage: A museum specimen that serves as evidence for a taxonomic identification process bears an evidence role.
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A role that is borne by some entity as a result of the entity providing evidence to support an assertion.
has obsolescence reason: to be replaced with external ontology term
comment: Will be replaced by an external ontology class.
deprecated: true

persistent evidence role
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
definition: An evidence role that persists through time.
comment: Could add relation that persistant evidence role is specifically dependent on a museum material samples. Deprecated because we do not need this term. Can use OBI:evidence role. Not clear what it means for an evidence role to persist through time.
deprecated: true

collecting process
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
has obsolescence reason: terms merged
comment: This term is now redundant and is merged with material sampling process http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bco_0000022.
deprecated: true

obsolete observing process
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
taxonomic inventory metadata preferred name: sighting
example of usage: A trip camera capture of an image of a jaguar is an observation, because it is "selected" by the camera as worthy of obsevation simply by virtue of moving in front of the camera.
example of usage: Observing and recording the presence or absence of butterflies during a transect walk.
example of usage: Seeing three pelicans flying overhead on Christmas day and report them as part of the Christmas Bird Count.
definition: A process in which a person or machine sees or detects a material entity and selects it as worthy of observation, and which has as output an information content entity about the selected material entity.
editor note: This class was made obsolete because of the incorrect identifier format. It has been replaced by BCO_0000003.
has obsolescence reason: incorrect identifier format, replaced
creator: Biocode Commons Ontology Hackathon
comment: The information artifact may written or recorded or just be stored in someone's head (specifically depenedent upon that person). In the context of a taxonomic inventory, an observing process may be called a sighting, and is an ad hoc reporting of, typically, a single taxon occurrence, usually motivated by rarity, individual interest in the taxon, or atypicality of circumstances.
deprecated: true

being there process
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
definition: A process of existing in a particular spatio-temporal region.
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
comment: This term was originally developed at the Semantics of Biodiversity workshop in 5/2012. It is no longer needed for the BCO.
deprecated: true

printed report
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
example of usage: a book
example of usage: a field notebook
has curation status: uncurated
has obsolescence reason: to be replaced with external ontology term
creator: Biocode Commons Ontology Hackathon
comment: IAO has the term document, which is defined as "A collection of information content entities intended to be understood together as a whole" and has as examples journal article, patent application, laboratory notebook, and book. IAO also has a term for report, but it is not defined. With this term, we want to describe the physical object that corresponds to some information content entity, together with the information content contained in the document or report. This class may be less important for modeling collection data, but could be important for efforts to get hand written (specifically dependent) reports into an electronic (generically dependent) report, and monitoring that process.
deprecated: true

printed observational report
type: Class
subclass of: printed report
example of usage: A field notebook.
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A printed report that records the outcome of some observing process.
has obsolescence reason: incorrect identifier format, replaced
creator: Biocode Commons Ontology Hackathon
deprecated: true

selecting process
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
example of usage: Filtering sea water to extract only organisms smaller than a certain size.
example of usage: deciding which branch to collect for a herbarium specimen
definition: A process by which a person or machine decides that a particular material entity as worthy of collection or observation.
has obsolescence reason: to be replaced with external ontology term
creator: Biocode Commons Ontology Hackathon
comment: The criteria for selection may be specified in a protocol or may be ad hoc. Should be replaced by OBI:selection, but first OBI needs to fix the definition.
deprecated: true

obsolete submitting process
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
example of usage: a curator submitting a herbarium speciman to a museum
example of usage: a researcher submitting a water sample to a laboratory storage collection
definition: A planned process whereby a person submits a material sample to an organization.
editor note: This term was made obsolete because it had the incorrect identifier format. It has been replaced by BCO_0000016.
has obsolescence reason: incorrect identifier format, replaced
creator: Biocode Commons Ontology Hackathon
deprecated: true

physical extraction process
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
example of usage: picking leaves from a plant
example of usage: removing a fish from the ocean with a net
example of usage: removing dna from cells
definition: A process that involves removing a material entity from its original site to another site.
has obsolescence reason: to be replaced with external ontology term
creator: Biocode Commons Ontology Hackathon
comment: Considered acquisition in OBI, but that is about taking possession. Physical extraction may involve taking pocession, but it may also just involve extraction of something that is already posessed (e.g. of dna from cells).
deprecated: true

material sampling process
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
example of usage: collecting plant parts for herbarium specimens
example of usage: collecting sea water samples as part of Ocean Sampling Day
definition: A planned process that includes selecting a material entity for study, physically extracting the material entity, and submitting the material entity to some institution for preservation or study.
alternative term: collecting event
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
creator: Biocode Commons Ontology Hackathon
comment: This term has been replaced by OBI:specimen collection.
deprecated: true

data sampling process
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
comment: This term has been deprecated until it is determined whether or not it is needed in the BCO. Should probably be replaced by a term from OBI or IAO.
deprecated: true

statistical sampling process
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
comment: This term has been deprecated until it is determined whether or not it is needed in the BCO. Should probably be replaced by a term from OBI or IAO.
deprecated: true

obsolete locality description
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
definition: An information artifact that is about a spatio-temporal region at which a process (such as collecting process, observing process, or material sampling process) occured.
editor note: This term was deprecated because it has the wrong ID format. It is replaced by BCO_0000025.
has obsolescence reason: incorrect identifier format, replaced
creator: Biocode Commons Ontology Hackathon
comment: Darwin Core needs to describe both the site and time where some activity occurred as an information content entity (e.g., in recording data from a lab notebook),therefore, we made locality description about a spatial temporal region, rather than a site.
deprecated: true

material sample role
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
example of usage: the role borne by a branch when it becomes a herbarium specimen
definition: A role that is borne by some material entity and is realized by the material entity being the output of a material sampling process.
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
creator: Biocode Commons Ontology Hackathon
comment: This term has been replaced by OBI:specimen role.
deprecated: true

successful material sampling process
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
definition: A sampling process that has as output some material sample.
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
comment: Do not need this class. By virtue of the existance of the material sample, we know that the sampling process was successful.
deprecated: true

unsuccessful material sampling process
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
definition: A material sampling process that has as output exactly zero material samples.
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
comment: Do not need this class. By virtue of the absence of the material sample, we know that the sampling process was unsuccessful.
deprecated: true

museum collection entity
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
comment: At the GSC14 hackathon in 09/2012, we decided to deprecate this term.
deprecated: true

organismal museum collection entity
type: Class
subclass of: museum collection entity
definition: A museum collections entity that derives from an organismal entity, has a persistent evidence role and 'depends on' a process of collecting.
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
comment: The label for this on the original diagram was 'collection object'. However, not all entities in collections will fit the defition of 'object', so 'collection entity is probably a better name. The relation 'depends on' cannot really be used here. Old BFO has 'inverse depends on', but this is not in the current BFO. See dwc_bfo2_new.owl for the original logical definition. At the GSC14 hackathon in 09/2012, we decided to deprecate this term.
deprecated: true

obsolete museum collection
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
example of usage: The herbarium collection at the New York Botanical Garden.
example of usage: the painting collection at the Louvre Museum
has curation status: requires discussion
definition: An object aggregate that has as member part a material sample that is located in museum as a result of a process of curation.
editor note: This term was made obsolete because of incorrect identifier format. It has been replaced by BCO_0000031.
has obsolescence reason: incorrect identifier format, replaced
creator: Biocode Commons Ontology Hackathon
comment: Intent is to document biodiversity for research and education. The class museum collection has meaning that is much broader than biological collections. It would probably be better to import this term from another, more general ontology and create a specific subclass for natural history museum collection.
deprecated: true

obsolete organismal museum collection
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
example of usage: the insect collection at the Smithsonian Institution
has curation status: requires discussion
definition: A museum collection that has as member part a material sample that was derived from an organism.
editor note: This term was made obsolete because of incorrect identifier format. It is replaced by BCO_0000031.
has obsolescence reason: incorrect identifier format, replaced
creator: Biocode Commons Ontology Hackathon
deprecated: true

institution
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
has obsolescence reason: to be replaced with external ontology term
comment: Replaced by OBI organization. Request institution as synonym in OBI.
deprecated: true

obsolete organismal entity
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete taxonomic identification process
definition: A material entity that derives from an organism or virus or viroid.
comment: This class is understood to mean: A material entity that is either an organism, a part of an organism, a collection of organisms, or a fossil. The relation 'organismal entity derives from organism' was in the original diagram. Subclasses of organismal entity include organism, and It is not clear if it is valid to that an organism derives from an organism (is the derives from relation reflexive?). At the GSC14 hackathon in 09/2012, we decided to deprecate this term.
deprecated: true

obsolete organism or virus or viroid
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
has obsolescence reason: to be replaced with external ontology term
comment: This terms was replaced by a term imported from CARO. The original diagram only had organsim, but DWC and GOs both need to include viruses and viroids.
deprecated: true

material sample
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
example of usage: A herbarium or museum specimen.
example of usage: A jar of water, the microbes that were filtered from that water, the DNA extracted from those microbes, a subsample of that DNA.
definition: A material entity that has a material sample role. A material entity takes on the material sample role by being the output of a material samping process. That is, is selected for study, collected, and submitted to an institution for preservation or study.
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
creator: Biocode Commons Ontology Hackathon
comment: This term has been replaced by OBI:specimen.
deprecated: true

data sample
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
definition: An information content entity (?) that is the result of some data sampling process.
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
comment: This term has been deprecated until it is determined whether or not it is needed in the BCO. Should probably be replaced by a term from OBI or IAO.
deprecated: true

statistical sample
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
comment: This term has been deprecated until it is determined whether or not it is needed in the BCO. Should probably be replaced by a term from OBI or IAO.
deprecated: true

protocol governed sampling activity
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
comment: If sampling is a OBI planned process, that captures that it is protocal governed.
deprecated: true

obsolete taxonomic identification process
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
example of usage: Associating a museum specimen with a specific taxonomic concept based on its characters.
example of usage: Using BLAST to identify the taxa present in an environmental (metagenomic) sample.
example of usage: Using DNA barcoding to identify a plant species.
example of usage: Using a key to identify a plant in the field.
definition: A process by which a material sample is associated with a taxon or taxa.
editor note: This term was made obsolete because of incorrect identifier format. It is replaced by BCO_0000042.
creator: Biocode Commons Ontology Hackathon
deprecated: true

process that yields a material representation of a material entity
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
editor note: This term was made obsolete because of incorrect identifier format. It should be replaced by an external ontology term.
has obsolescence reason: to be replaced with external ontology term
curator note: Consider term from OBI or IAO.
creator: Biocode Commons Ontology Hackathon
comment: Includes as output rubbings, casts, photographic prints, audio or video tapes. Needs a better name. Current name is the definition.
deprecated: true

obsolete material target of observation
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
example of usage: A bird observed during a Christmas Bird Count
example of usage: A bird observed during a transect walk.
example of usage: A tree is forest plot that is measured for diameter at breast height (DBH).
example of usage: An lizard observed in the field that is not collected but whose location is recorded in a field notebook.
definition: A material entity that has a target of observation role, that is, a material entity that is the input of some observing process.
editor note: This term was made obsolete because of incorrected identifier format. It is replaced by BCO_0000044.
has obsolescence reason: incorrect identifier format, replaced
creator: Biocode Commons Ontology Hackathon
deprecated: true

process that yields an information artifact that is a representation of a material entity
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
editor note: This term was made obsolete because of incorrect identifier format. It should be replaced by an external ontology term.
has obsolescence reason: to be replaced with external ontology term
curator note: Some instances of term could possibly be replaced by OBI:image acquisition. Maybe request another OBI term for audio recording acquisition.
creator: Biocode Commons Ontology Hackathon
comment: Includes audio recordings and photographs (which are information artifacts). Needs a better name. Current name is the definition.
deprecated: true

obsolete material target of observation role
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
example of usage: the role borne by a bird during a Christmas Bird Count
definition: A role that is borne by some material entity and is realized by the material entity being the input of an observing process.
editor note: This term was made obsolete because of incorrect identifier format. It is replaced by BCO_0000046.
has obsolescence reason: incorrect identifier format, replaced
creator: Biocode Commons Ontology Hackathon
deprecated: true

zooarcheological specimen
type: Class
subclass of: Preserved Specimen
example of usage: A set of gastropod and bivalve shells found in shell midden from an archaeological site in Alaska.
definition: A preserved specimen that is the output of an archaeological sampling process and is the remains of a part of some animal.
definition source: Rob Guralnick
comment: Zooarchaeological specimens are typically collections of biological material generated as part of an archaeological collecting process that is separate from the type of processes that would yield other kinds of samples or collections of samples. This process almost always entails collecting in-situ from archaeological sites where there is evidence of past human material culture.

archeobotanical specimen
type: Class
subclass of: Preserved Specimen
example of usage: Preserved seeds found in a storage jar at an archeological site.
definition: A preserved specimen that is the output of an archaeological sampling process and is the remains of a part of some plant.
definition source: Rob Guralnick
comment: Archaeologicalbotanical specimens are typically collections of biological material generated as part of an archaeological collecting process that is separate from the type of processes that would yield other kinds of samples or collections of samples. This process almost always entails collecting in-situ from archaeological sites where there is evidence of past human material culture.

VocabularyEncodingScheme
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
deprecated: true

Location
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial entity
BCO preferred label: location of an event
has curation status: metadata incomplete
expand expression to: The site where a process occurs. In the context of Dawrin Core, this is generally where a specimen is collected, an organism is observed or a measurement is taken.

Event
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
BCO preferred label: event
description: Examples: A specimen collection process. A machine observation.
has version: Event-2014-10-23
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2014-10-23
replaces: Event-2009-04-29
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering
decision: Decision-2014-10-26 15
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: An action that occurs at some location during some time.

Fossil Specimen
type: Class
subclass of: Preserved Specimen
BCO preferred label: fossil specimen
has version: FossilSpecimen-2014-10-23
issued: 2014-10-23
modified: 2014-10-23
replaces: FossilSpecimen-2011-10-16
abcd equivalence: RecordBasisEnum/FossileSpecimen
decision: Decision-2014-10-26 15
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A preserved specimen that is a fossil.

Geological Context
type: Class
BCO preferred label: geological context
has curation status: uncurated
description: Example: A lithostratigraphic layer.
has version: GeologicalContext-2014-10-23
issued: 2009-07-06
modified: 2014-10-23
replaces: GeologicalContext-2009-07-06
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/Stratigraphy
decision: Decision-2014-10-26 15
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: Geological information, such as stratigraphy, that qualifies a region or place.

Human Observation
type: Class
subclass of: data item
BCO preferred label: human observation
has version: HumanObservation-2014-10-23
issued: 2014-10-23
modified: 2014-10-23
replaces: HumanObservation-2011-10-16
abcd equivalence: RecordBasisEnum/HumanObservation
decision: Decision-2014-10-26 15
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: An output of a human observation process.

Identification
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
BCO preferred label: identification
dwc_bco mapping: taxonomic identification process
has curation status: pending final vetting
description: Example: A subspecies determination of an organism.
has version: Identification-2014-10-23
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2014-10-23
replaces: Identification-2008-11-19
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Identifications/Identification
decision: Decision-2014-10-26 15
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A taxonomic determination (e.g., the assignment to a taxon).

Living Specimen
type: Class
subclass of: specimen
subclass of: Material Sample
BCO preferred label: living specimen
has version: LivingSpecimen-2014-10-23
issued: 2014-10-23
modified: 2014-10-23
replaces: LivingSpecimen-2011-10-16
abcd equivalence: RecordBasisEnum/LivingSpecimen
decision: Decision-2014-10-26 15
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A specimen that is alive.

Machine Observation
type: Class
subclass of: data item
BCO preferred label: machine observation
has version: MachineObservation-2014-10-23
issued: 2014-10-23
modified: 2014-10-23
replaces: MachineObservation-2011-10-16
abcd equivalence: RecordBasisEnum/MachineObservation
decision: Decision-2014-10-26 15
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: An output of a machine observation process.

Material Sample
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
BCO preferred label: specimen
description: Examples: A whole organism preserved in a collection. A part of an organism isolated for some purpose. A soil sample. A marine microbial sample.
has version: MaterialSample-2014-10-23
issued: 2013-03-28
modified: 2014-10-23
replaces: MaterialSample-2013-03-28
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit
decision: Decision-2014-10-26 15
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A physical results of a sampling (or subsampling) event. In biological collections, the material sample is typically collected, and either preserved or destructively processed.

Measurement or Fact
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
has obsolescence reason: This term was not deprecated from the dwc terms vocabulary, merely from the dwcterms ontology, because it is not needed here.
description: Resources can be thought of as identifiable records or instances of classes and may include, but need not be limited to Occurrences, Organisms, MaterialSamples, Events, Locations, GeologicalContexts, Identifications, or Taxa. Examples: The weight of an organism in grams. The number of placental scars.
has version: MeasurementOrFact-2014-10-23
issued: 2009-04-24
modified: 2014-10-23
replaces: MeasurementOrFact-2009-04-24
abcd equivalence: Datasets/Dataset/Units/Unit/MeasurementsOrFacts or DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Gathering/SiteMeasurementsOrFacts
decision: Decision-2014-10-26 15
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A measurement of or fact about an rdfs:Resource (http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource).
deprecated: true

Occurrence
type: Class
BCO preferred label: occurrence
editor note: This Darwin Core class should not be used when annotating data with BCO. It is not mapped to BCO classes because its meaning is too ambiguous.
description: Examples: A wolf pack on the shore of Kluane Lake in 1988. A virus in a plant leaf in a the New York Botanical Garden at 15:29 on 2014-10-23. A fungus in Central Park in the summer of 1929.
has version: Occurrence-2014-10-23
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2014-10-23
replaces: Occurrence-2009-04-29
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit
decision: Decision-2014-10-26 15
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: An existence of an Organism (sensu http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Organism) at a particular place at a particular time.

Organism
type: Class
subclass of: organismal entity
BCO preferred label: organism
description: Instances of the Organism class are intended to facilitate linking of one or more Identification instances to one or more Occurrence instances. Therefore, things that are typically assigned scientific names (such as viruses, hybrids, and lichens) and aggregates whose occurrences are typically recorded (such as packs, clones, and colonies) are included in the scope of this class.
has version: Organism-2014-10-23
issued: 2014-10-23
modified: 2014-10-23
abcd equivalence: not in ABCD
decision: Decision-2014-10-26 14
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A particular organism or defined group of organisms considered to be taxonomically homogeneous.

Preserved Specimen
type: Class
subclass of: specimen
subclass of: Material Sample
BCO preferred label: preserved specimen
has version: PreservedSpecimen-2014-10-23
issued: 2014-10-23
modified: 2014-10-23
replaces: PreservedSpecimen-2011-10-16
abcd equivalence: RecordBasisEnum/PreservedSpecimen
decision: Decision-2014-10-26 15
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A specimen that has been preserved.

Resource Relationship
type: Class
subclass of: Obsolete Class
has obsolescence reason: This term was not deprecated from the dwc terms vocabulary, merely from the dwcterms ontology, because it is not needed here.
description: Resources can be thought of as identifiable records or instances of classes and may include, but need not be limited to Occurrences, Organisms, MaterialSamples, Events, Locations, GeologicalContexts, Identifications, or Taxa. Example: An instance of an Organism is the mother of another instance of an Organism.
has version: ResourceRelationship-2014-10-23
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2014-10-23
replaces: ResourceRelationship-2009-01-21
abcd equivalence: DataSets/DataSet/Units/Unit/Associations
decision: Decision-2014-10-26 15
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A relationship of one rdfs:Resource (http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource) to another.
deprecated: true

Taxon
type: Class
subclass of: collection of organisms
BCO preferred label: taxon
description: Example: The genus Truncorotaloides as published by Brönnimann et al. in 1953 in the Journal of Paleontology Vol. 27(6) p. 817-820.
has version: Taxon-2014-10-23
issued: 2008-11-19
modified: 2014-10-23
replaces: Taxon-2009-09-21
abcd equivalence: no simple equivalent in ABCD
decision: Decision-2014-10-26 15
dwc_terms status: recommended
comment: A group of organisms (sensu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026) considered by taxonomists to form a homogeneous unit.

Obsolete Class
type: Class
subclass of: Thing

specimen collection process X
type: NamedIndividual

material entity A
type: NamedIndividual
is_specified_input_of: specimen collection process X

material entity B
type: NamedIndividual
is_specified_input_of: specimen collection process Y
is_specified_output_of: specimen collection process X

material entity C
type: NamedIndividual
is_specified_output_of: specimen collection process Y

specimen collection process Y
type: NamedIndividual

example to be eventually removed
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: example to be eventually removed

failed exploratory term
type: NamedIndividual
type: obsolescence reason specification
definition: The term was used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology but in retrospect failed to do a good job
term editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg

FossilSpecimen
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: metadata complete
definition: Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete.
label: metadata complete

organizational term
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: organizational term
definition: term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release
term editor: PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg

ready for release
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: ready for release
definition: Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release."

metadata incomplete
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: metadata incomplete
definition: Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors.

uncurated
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: uncurated
definition: Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term.

pending final vetting
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: pending final vetting
definition: All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor.

core
type: NamedIndividual
type: Subset
definition: Core is an instance of a grouping of terms from an ontology or ontologies. It is used by the ontology to identify main classes.
term editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot

placeholder removed
type: NamedIndividual
type: obsolescence reason specification

terms merged
type: NamedIndividual
type: obsolescence reason specification
editor note: An editor note should explain what were the merged terms and the reason for the merge.

term imported
type: NamedIndividual
type: obsolescence reason specification
editor note: This is to be used when the original term has been replaced by a term imported from an other ontology. An editor note should indicate what is the URI of the new term to use.

term split
type: NamedIndividual
type: obsolescence reason specification
editor note: This is to be used when a term has been split in two or more new terms. An editor note should indicate the reason for the split and indicate the URIs of the new terms created.

universal
type: NamedIndividual
type: denotator type
editor note: Hard to give a definition for. Intuitively a "natural kind" rather than a collection of any old things, which a class is able to be, formally. At the meta level, universals are defined as positives, are disjoint with their siblings, have single asserted parents.
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: A Formal Theory of Substances, Qualities, and Universals, http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bfo/SQU.pdf

defined class
type: NamedIndividual
type: denotator type
definition: A defined class is a class that is defined by a set of logically necessary and sufficient conditions but is not a universal
editor note: "definitions", in some readings, always are given by necessary and sufficient conditions. So one must be careful (and this is difficult sometimes) to distinguish between defined classes and universal.
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg

named class expression
type: NamedIndividual
type: denotator type
definition: A named class expression is a logical expression that is given a name. The name can be used in place of the expression.
editor note: named class expressions are used in order to have more concise logical definition but their extensions may not be interesting classes on their own. In languages such as OWL, with no provisions for macros, these show up as actuall classes. Tools may with to not show them as such, and to replace uses of the macros with their expansions
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg

to be replaced with external ontology term
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: to be replaced with external ontology term
definition: Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology.
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: group:OBI

requires discussion
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: requires discussion
definition: A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues.
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: group:OBI

axiom holds for all times
type: NamedIndividual
definition: ## Elucidation This is used when the statement/axiom is assumed to hold true 'eternally' ## How to interpret (informal) First the "atemporal" FOL is derived from the OWL using the standard interpretation. This axiom is temporalized by embedding the axiom within a for-all-times quantified sentence. The t argument is added to all instantiation predicates and predicates that use this relation. ## Example Class: nucleus SubClassOf: part_of some cell forall t : forall n : instance_of(n,Nucleus,t) implies exists c : instance_of(c,Cell,t) part_of(n,c,t) ## Notes This interpretation is *not* the same as an at-all-times relation

relation has no temporal argument
type: NamedIndividual
definition: ## Elucidation This is used when the first-order logic form of the relation is binary, and takes no temporal argument. ## Example: Class: limb SubClassOf: develops_from some lateral-plate-mesoderm forall t, t2: forall x : instance_of(x,Limb,t) implies exists y : instance_of(y,LPM,t2) develops_from(x,y)

incorrect identifier format, replaced
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification

Event
deprecated: false
has curation status: requires discussion