Maize trait Maize trait Anthesis silking interval. Anthesis silking interval Anthesis silking interval ASI Chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content Chl Leaf chlorophyll content. Grain yield Grain yield GY Grain yield per unit area, either field weight basis, dry weight basis or adjusted to 12.5% grain moisture. Plant height to insertion of first tassel branch Plant height to insertion of first tassel branch PHTslB Plant height from the base to the insertion of the first tassel branch. Plant stand Number of plants per unit area. Plant stand PStand Grain number Grain number. Grain number GN Kernel number Plant aspect PAsp Plant aspect Qualitative observation of plant ideotype. In another word, it rates characteristics such as plant and ear height, uniformity of plants, disease and insect damage, and lodging. Sen Senescence Senescence Leaf senescence. SilkLng Silk length. Silk length Silk length Silk growth rate Silk growth rate SilkGrwR Growth rate of silk. ELng Ear length Ear length. Ear length Growth rate of the ear(s) on a plant. It may include the sum of the apical and sub-apical ear growth from prolific plants. Ear growth rate EGrwR Ear growth rate Plant height from base to the insertion of the top (uppermost) ear. Ear height Ear height EH Ear aspect Observation of harvested ears based on some morphological and agronomical characters such as ear size, total numbers of ear harvested per plot, ear damaged caused by insects or/and diseases. EAsp Ear aspect ELLng Ear leaf length Ear leaf length Ear leaf (blade) length. plant to ear height ratio Ear position Ear position Ear position as a ratio of ear height to plant height. EPo Ear number. EN Ear number Ear number Young leaf chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content in the young leaf. Young leaf chlorophyll content YLChl LLng Leaf length. Leaf length Leaf length LWid Leaf width Leaf width Leaf width. Tassel branch weight Weight of tassel branches. Tassel branch weight TslBW Tassel branch number Tassel branch number TslBN Number of branches on tassel. Anthesis time Anthesis time Anthesis time. male flowering time Ant Silk Silking time female flowering Silking time. Silking time Maturity time Maturity time. maturity Maturity time Mat Grain moisture Grain moisture Grain moisture. GMoi Root lodging incidence Root lodging incidence Root lodging incidence. The plants that show root lodging, i.e. those stems that are inclining by more than 45¡. RLodgInc Stem lodging incidence Stem lodging incidence. The plants that show stem lodging, i.e. those stems that are broken below the ear. SLodgInc Stem lodging incidence Tassel size Tassel size Tassel size. TslSiz GTex Grain texture Grain texture as a measure of the variation on the intensity of a surface, quantifying properties such as smoothness, coarseness and regularity of the grain. Grain texture EndoHard Endosperm hardness. Endosperm hardness Endosperm hardness Fungal disease presence Fungal disease presence FungDis The trait is scored for the response to the diseases caused by several fungi. Corn stunt incidence Corn stunt complex (corn stunt spiroplasma, maize bushy stunt phytoplasma [= mycoplasma], maize rayado fino virus) incidence. CSCInc Corn stunt incidence Stewart wilt (Erwinia stewartii) incidence. Stewarts wilt incidence Stewarts wilt incidence SteWiltInc BCLSSev Bacterial leaf stripe severity Bacterial leaf stripe severity Bacterial leaf stripe (Pseudomonas rubrilinians) severity. Bacterial stalk rot incidence BactSRInc Bacterial stalk rot incidence Bacterial stalk rot (Erwinia chrysanthemi) incidence. CSCMSev Maize bushy stunt severity Maize bushy stunt severity Maize bushy stunt (caused by mycoplasma like organism, MLO) severity. Multiple rust pathogens severity. RustSev Rust severity Rust severity Polysora rust severity PpolySev Polysora rust (in lowlands Puccinia polysora) severity. Polysora rust severity Tropical rust (Physopella zeae) severity. Tropical rust severity Tropical rust severity TRustSev Maydis leaf blight severity Maydis leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis = Helminthosporium maydis) severity. Maydis leaf blight severity BmaySev Southern corn leaf blight severity Anthracnose leaf blight incidence Anthracnose (Colletotrichum graminicola) incidence. ALBInc Anthracnose leaf blight incidence Tillering Tillering Tillering Number of tillers per plant. AstriInc Black bundle (Acremonium strictum) incidence. Black bundle incidence Black bundle incidence SRInc Stalk rot incidence Stalk rot (multiple pathogens or an unidentified pathogen) incidence. Stalk rot incidence Charcoal rot incidence CharRInc Charcoal rot or (Macrophomina phaseolina) incidence. Charcoal rot incidence Fusarium stalk rot incidence Fusarium stalk rot incidence. FusSRInc Fusarium stalk rot incidence Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence. FmonSRInc Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence FgramSRInc Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence. Stenocarpella (=Diplodia) stalk rot incidence. Stenocarpella stalk rot incidence Stenocarpella stalk rot incidence StenSRInc PytSRInc Pythium stalk rot (Pythium spp.) incidence. Pythium stalk rot incidence Pythium stalk rot incidence Ear rot incidence ERInc Ear rot incidence Ear rot incidence. Fusarium ear rot severity FusERSev Fusarium ear rot severity Fusarium ear rot severity. Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity. Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity FgramERSev FmonERSev Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity. Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity. AflavERSev Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity Stenocarpella ear rot severity SmaySev Stenocarpella (=Diplodia) ear rot severity. Stenocarpella ear rot severity Penicillium ear rot severity. Penicillium ear rot severity PERSev Penicillium ear rot severity Downy mildews (several species of the genera Peronosclerospora, Sclerospora, and Sclerophthora) severity. Downy mildew severity Downy mildew severity DMSev Philippine downy mildew incidence PDMInc Philippine downy mildew incidence Philippine downy mildew (Peronosclerospora philippinensis) incidence. PsacchInc Sugarcane downy mildew incidence Sugarcane downy mildew incidence Sugarcane downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sacchari) incidence. BSDMInc Brown stripe downy mildew incidence Brown stripe downy mildew incidence Brown stripe downy mildew (Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae) incidence. Java downy mildew (Peronosclerospora maydis) incidence. Java downy mildew incidence Java downy mildew incidence DMJInc DMSInc Sorghum downy mildew incidence Sorghum downy mildew incidence Sorghum downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) incidence. Crazy top downy mildew incidence Crazy top (Sclerophthora macrospora) incidence. Crazy top downy mildew incidence CTMInc Common smut severity CSmutSev Common smut (Ustilago maydis, syn. U. zeae) severity. Common smut severity Head smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana) incidence. Head smut incidence Head smut incidence HSmutInc BLSBSev Banded leaf and sheath blight severity Banded leaf and sheath blight severity Banded leaf and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. sasakii) severity. Common rust severity Common rust severity CRustSev Severity of common rust ( Puccinia sorghi). BwSpotSev Brown spot severity Brown spot severity Brown spot (Physoderma maydis) severity. Gray leaf spot severity GLSSev Gray leaf spot severity Gray leaf spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis) severity. Curvularia leaf spot severity Curvularia leaf spot (Curvularia spp.) severity. Curvularia leaf spot severity CLSSev PLSSev Phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity Phaeosphaeria leaf spot (Phaeosphaeria maydis) severity. Phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity TSCSev Tar spot complex severity Tar spot complex (Phyllachora maydis, Monographella maydis) severity. Tar spot complex severity EturcSev Turcicum leaf blight severity Turcicum leaf blight severity Northern corn leaf blight severity Turcicum leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum = Helminthosporium turcicum) severity. Seedling disease incidence. Seedling disease incidence Seedling disease incidence SdlngDisInc Mal de rio cuarto virus incidence MRCVInc Mal de rio cuarto virus incidence Mal de rio cuarto virus (MRCV) incidence. Maize rayado fino virus incidence Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) incidence. Maize rayado fino virus incidence MRFVInc Maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV) incidence. Maize rough dwarf virus incidence Maize rough dwarf virus incidence MRDVInc MSTVInc Maize stripe virus (MSTV) incidence. Maize stripe virus incidence Maize stripe virus incidence Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) incidence. DMVInc Maize streak virus incidence (MSV) incidence. Maize streak virus incidence Maize streak virus incidence MSVInc Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) incidence. Sugarcane mosaic virus incidence Sugarcane mosaic virus incidence SCMVInc Estimation of root mass at the end of the stress using an electrical capacitance meter. Root capacitance Root capacitance RootCapac Whole-grain Tryptophan content Grain Tryptophan content Grain Tryptophan content Whole-grain Tryptophan content. GTrp Chlorophyll content in the ear leaf. ELChl Ear leaf chlorophyll content Ear leaf chlorophyll content Endosperm Tryptophan content Endosperm Tryptophan content Tryptophan content in grain endosperm. EndoTrp Standard method for whole-grain tryptophan content. GTrp - Measurement GTrp - Measurement GLys Grain Lysine content Whole-grain Lysine content Whole-grain Lysine content. Grain Lysine content EndoLys Lysine content in grain endosperm. Endosperm Lysine content Endosperm Lysine content Grain iron content Grain iron content Whole-grain iron content Whole-grain iron content. GIron Whole-grain zinc content. Whole-grain zinc content GZinc Grain zinc content Grain zinc content Ear leaf weight Ear leaf weight ELW Weight of ear leaf (blade). Abscisic acid content in the grain. GABA Grain abscisic acid content Grain abscisic acid content Grain sugar content Total sugar content in the grain. Grain sugar content GSugar Grain glucose content Glucose content in the grain. GGlucose Grain glucose content Osmotic adjustment OA Osmotic adjustment Osmotic adjustment as ability of the plant to adjust the osmotic potential under stress conditions. Osmotic potential Osmotic potential A measure of the potential of water to move between regions of differing concentrations across a water-permeable membrane. OP Root proline content Root proline content Proline content in the root. RProl GSucrose Grain sucrose content Grain sucrose content Sucrose content in the grain Whole-grain protein content Grain protein content Whole-grain protein content. GProt Grain protein content EndoProt Endosperm protein content Protein content in grain endosperm. Endosperm protein content GVitA Grain provitaminA content Grain provitaminA content Whole-grain pro-vitaminA content. Whole-grain pro-vitaminA content Grain starch content Whole-grain starch content Grain starch content Whole-grain starch content. GStarch Large grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus) damage. LGBDmg Large grain borer damage Large grain borer damage Aphids (Rhopalosiphum maidis) damage. Aphid damage AphDmg Aphid damage Maize weevil incidence Maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) incidence on grain. WeevInc Maize weevil incidence WeevN The number of maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais) hatching and emerging from an infested grain sample within a given period. Large values indicate susceptibility to grain weevils, small values indicate partial resistance to grain weevils. Maize weevil number in Grain Maize weevil number in Grain Loss of weight of the grain samples caused by weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) feeding during a given period of incubation. GWLostWeev Grain weight loss by maize weevil Grain weight loss by maize weevil Canopy normalized difference vegetation index. NDVI Normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetation index Grain weight GW Grain weight of mature kernels. Grain weight Stomatal conductance Stomatal conductance SCond Leaf stomatal conductance Grain ash content Whole-grain ash content. GAsh Grain ash content Kernel mineral content; Whole-grain ash content PRI Photochemical radiation index Photochemical radiation index. A canopy reflectance index indicating photosynthetic radiation use efficiency. Photochemical radiation index WI Water index Water index A ratio between the reflectance at a water band wavelength to a nearby reference wavelength where there is no absorption due to water content variability. Canopy temperature Canopy temperature. Canopy temperature CT ELSen Ear leaf senescence time Ear leaf senescence time. Ear leaf senescence time Silk growth Silk growth SilkGrw Difference between the silk lengths measured at zero day pollen shedding and 7 days after pollen shedding. Difference between the ear length (cm) measured at zero day pollen shedding and 7 days after pollen shedding. Ear growth Ear growth EGrw GCol Grain color Kernel color Color of the grain. Grain color HskCov Ear husk cover Ear husk cover Ear husk cover observed as degree of the husk covering the tip of the ear. Ear bad husk cover incidence Ears bad husk cover incidence. BHskCovInc Ear bad husk cover incidence Chupon Incidence of multiple cobs, as plants that have multiple ears arising from a single node. MCob Multiple cob incidence Multiple cob incidence BusseolaInc Busseola incidence Busseola incidence Busseola larvae incidence. Ear worm (Heliothis) incidence. EWormInc Earworm incidence Earworm incidence Army worm damage Army worm (syn. Spodoptera exempta) damage. Army worm damage AWormDmg Chilo damage Chilo damage Chilo (Chilo partellus) damage. ChiloDmg Diabrotica damage Diabrotica damage DiabroticaDmg Plant damage caused by Diabrotica species. Diatraea damage Plant damage caused by Diatraea species. DiatraeaDmg Diatraea damage Striga damage StrigaDmg Damage of Striga hermonthica plants on maize plants. Striga damage Stem borer damage Stem borer damage includes different stem borers such as Chilo partellus, Sesamia spp. and Spodoptera. Stem borer damage StBorDmg LRollSev Severity of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. Leaf rolling severity Leaf rolling severity Late wilt (Cephalosporium maydis) incidence. Late wilt incidence Late wilt incidence LateWiltInc Color of the stem. Stem color Stem color StemCol Sheath pubescence ShtPub Sheath pubescence Presence and intensity of hairs on the surface of the leaf sheath. TslTyp Tassel branching type Tassel branching type Branching type of tassel. Ear damage Ear damage caused by ear rot and/or insects, etc. Ear damage EDmg Grain row arrangement Grain row arrangement Ear grain rows arrangement. GRArr Kernel row arrangement Grain row number Grain row number Number of grain rows in the central part of the uppermost ear. GRN Kernel row number Kernel type Grain type Type of grain. GTyp Grain type Ear diameter Ear diameter measured at the central part of uppermost ear. Ear diameter EDia Shape of uppermost ear whether cylindrical or cylindrical-conical or conical or round. Uppermost ear shape UpESh Uppermost ear shape Grain length. Grain length Grain length Kernel length GLng Kernel width Grain width GWid Grain width Grain width. FungDis - Estimation FungDis - Estimation Observe the plants that are damaged by any fungal diseases. Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height from the base of a plant to the insertion of the first tassel branch, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. PHTslB - Measurement PHTslB - Measurement Grain upper surface shape Grain upper surface shape Kernel upper surface shape Shape of the upper surface of grain. GUpSSh Recommended to take 6 alternating plants per plot and measure the height between the base of a plant to the insertion of the top (uppermost) ear of the same plant, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. EH - Measurement EH - Measurement ASI - Computation ASI - Computation Count number of days from planting date to anthesis and silking to determine days to anthesis (DTA) and days to silking (DTS), respectively and determine anthesis silking interval (ASI) by calculating: ASI = DTS-DTA. Maize lethal necrosis severity MLNSev Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) severity. Maize lethal necrosis severity GRArr - Estimation GRArr - Estimation Observe grain row arrangement in the harvested ears and rate 1-4 categorical scale. Thickness of the grain. Kernel thickenss Grain thickness Grain thickness GThk Observe the stem color between the two topmost ears. StemCol - Estimation StemCol - Estimation Endosperm color EndoCol Endosperm color Color of the endosperm. Observe tarspot complex severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). TSCSev - Estimation TSCSev - Estimation Tassel blasting severity Tassel blasting severity TslBlastSev Observation of blasting severity of the tassel (necrosis due to heat stress) at the time of flowering. It occurs under extreme temperatures and drought. Fogueo Days to anthesis - Computation Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants shed pollen. Observe a known number of plants carefully (guideline: N = 20 for inbred lines or hybrids; N = 35 for open pollinated varieties) at the same time each day until 50% of the plants in the plot have produced at least one visible anther and score the number of days from sowing. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and anthesis date. Days to anthesis - Computation Aleurone color Aleurone color AleuCol Color of the aleurone. DTS - Computation DTS - Computation Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants silk. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and silking date. PericCol Color of the pericarp. Pericarp color Pericarp color Divide the total numbers of plants with lodged stems by number of plants harvested. SLodgInc - Computation SLodgInc - Computation 1-4 Grain row arrangement scale 1-4 Grain row arrangement scale 1= regular 4= spiral 2= irregular 3= straight GMoi - Computation GMoi - Computation Measure sample weight of grains per plot after harvest, record dry weight of the same samples and calculate grain moisture content for each sample using formula: 100*(Wt of sample - Dry Weight)/Wt of sample. GLys - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain lysin content. GLys - Measurement Adjusted GY - Computation Adjusted GY - Computation Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area adjusted to 12.5% grain moisture. EAsp - Estimation Harvest ears per plot (eliminate first and last plants to avoid border effects) and score ear aspect combining several ear-associated traits. Note: Combination of traits usually differs from one breeder to another depending on type of study. EAsp - Estimation EndoProt - Measurement EndoProt - Measurement Standard method for endosperm protein content. PStand - Counting Count total number of plants per plot. PStand - Counting Standard method for whole-grain protein content. % Protein = % of nitrogen x 6.25 GProt - Computation GProt - Computation Compute number of ears using the formula. EN - Computation EN - Computation ppm ppm Observe color of grains. GCol - Estimation GCol - Estimation mm mm BHskCovInc - Counting BHskCovInc - Counting Count the total number of ears with bad husk cover. 1-3 size scale 1-3 size scale 1= large 2= normal 3= small PAsp - Estimation PAsp - Estimation Score the plants per plot combining several agronomical and morphological characters of plants such plant height, ear height, stem/root loading. Note: Combination of traits usually differ from one breeder to another depending on type of study. ppb ppb Divide the total number of plants that are root lodged due to weak soil or poorly developed anchorage roots by the total number of plants that are harvested. RLodgInc - Computation RLodgInc - Computation EndoTrp - Measurement EndoTrp - Measurement Standard method for endosperm tryptophan content. Score the grains based on grain characters such as floury, dent per plot. GTyp - Estimation GTyp - Estimation Grain Aflatoxins content produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatox Aflatoxin content Aflatoxin content LRollSev - Estimation LRollSev - Estimation Observe the plants per plot with the leaves rolled. Aflatox - Measurement Standard method for aflatoxin content. Aflatox - Measurement RGY - Computation RGY - Computation Relative grain yield expressed as percentage of the mean grain yield of the trial. Values above 100% indicate above-average performance; values below 100% indicate below-average performance. Observe the variation of the intensity of a kernel/grain surface and score grain texture based on properties such as smoothness, coarseness and regularity of the grain. GTex - Estimation GTex - Estimation HskCov - Estimation Observe the ears hask cover and rate it. HskCov - Estimation Divide the total number of SRot damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. SRInc - Computation SRInc - Computation Sen - Estimation Observe dead leaf area per plant/plot and rate. Sen - Estimation Divide the total number of ears that are rotten by the total number of plants that are harvested. ERInc - Computation ERInc - Computation Use ear height and plant height data of the same plants per plot and calculate the ratio. Small values indicate low ear position; large values indicate high ear position. EPo - Computation EPo - Computation DMSev - Estimation Observe downy mildew severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). DMSev - Estimation EndoHard - Estimation EndoHard - Estimation Determine quality of endosperm such as hardness in the lab and use 1-5 to scale to score it. Observe rust severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). RustSev - Estimation RustSev - Estimation FgramSRInc - Computation FgramSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of FgramSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Observe fusarium ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). FusERSev - Estimation FusERSev - Estimation Divide the total number of FmonSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. FmonSRInc - Computation FmonSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of FusSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. FusSRInc - Computation FusSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of PytSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. PytSRInc - Computation PytSRInc - Computation 1-5 disease scoring scale 1-5 disease scoring scale 1= highly resistant, clean no (%) infection 4= susceptible, disease symptoms covering upto 70% 5= highly susceptible, disease symptoms covering >80% 2= resistant, disease symptoms covering up to 20% 3= moderately susceptible, disease symptoms covering up to 50% StenSRInc - Computation StenSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of StenSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MLNSev - Estimation MLNSev - Estimation Observe maize lethal necrosis severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Number of days required from seeding to grain ripening. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and maturity date. Days to maturity - Computation Days to maturity - Computation ABA - Measurement Standard method for abscisic acid content. ABA - Measurement Score the tassels based on size using 1-3 categorical scale. TslSiz - Estimation TslSiz - Estimation Count the total number of plants that are affected by corn stunt complex per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. CSCInc - Counting CSCInc - Counting Measured with a portable chlorophyll meter (e.g. SPAD). Take the average measure from leaves of six alternating plants and use always leaves of similar insertion level. Chl - Measurement Chl - Measurement CLSSev - Estimation Observe curvularia leaf spot severity on plants per plot based on the degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). CLSSev - Estimation MCob - Computation Divide the total number of Chupon plants by the total number of plants harvested. MCob - Computation GLSSev - Estimation GLSSev - Estimation Observe GLS severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Days to ear leaf senescence date - Computation Days to ear leaf senescence date - Computation Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Count the number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and ear leaf senescence date. PLSSev - Estimation PLSSev - Estimation Observe phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). BmaySev - Estimation Observe maydis leaf blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). BmaySev - Estimation EGrw - Measurement EGrw - Measurement Standard method for ear growth. AflavERSev - Estimation AflavERSev - Estimation Observe aspergillus flavus ear rot severity on the harvested ears per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). EGrwR - Computation EGrwR - Computation Standard method for ear growth rate. Observe fusarium graminearum ear rot severity on ears per plot based on degree of infection. FgramERSev - Estimation FgramERSev - Estimation Standard method for ear leaf length. ELLng - Measurement ELLng - Measurement FmonERSev - Estimation FmonERSev - Estimation Observe fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). ELW - Measurement ELW - Measurement Standard method for ear leaf weight. PERSev - Estimation Observe penicillium ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). PERSev - Estimation Observe stenocarpella ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). SmaySev - Estimation SmaySev - Estimation Calculated as growing-degree units or growing degree days between sowing and 50% anthesis. Growing degree days to anthesis - Computation Growing degree days to anthesis - Computation Observe turcicum leaf blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). EturcSev - Estimation EturcSev - Estimation Calculated as growing-degree units or growing degree days between sowing and maturity. Growing degree days to maturity - Computation Growing degree days to maturity - Computation PpolySev - Estimation PpolySev - Estimation Observe polysora rust severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). GLng - Measurement GLng - Measurement Average of 10 consecutive grains from one row in the middle of the uppermost ear, measured with calliper. CRustSev - Estimation CRustSev - Estimation Observe common rust severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Measure on the same 10 grains used for taking grain length measurement. GWid - Measurement GWid - Measurement CSmutSev - Estimation CSmutSev - Estimation Observe common smut severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). LWid - Measurement LWid - Measurement Take same leaf measured for leaf length and measure mid-way along its length. Observe tropical severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). TRustSev - Estimation TRustSev - Estimation EndoLys - Measurement Standard method for endosperm lysin content. EndoLys - Measurement Divide the total number of DMV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. DMVInc - Computation DMVInc - Computation SCMVInc - Computation SCMVInc - Computation Divide the total number of SCMV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Observe the plants that are affected by maize streak virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MSVSev - Estimation MSVSev - Estimation Divide the total number of MRCV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MRCVInc - Computation MRCVInc - Computation Divide the total number of HSmut damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. HSmutInc - Computation HSmutInc - Computation Divide the total number of MSTV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MSTVInc - Computation MSTVInc - Computation ALBInc - Computation ALBInc - Computation Divide the total number of ALB damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Divide the total number of MRDV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MRDVInc - Computation MRDVInc - Computation ChiloDmg - Estimation ChiloDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by chilo per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MRFVInc - Computation MRFVInc - Computation Divide the total number of MRFV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Observe the ears damage caused by ear rot and/or insects per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. EDmg - Estimation EDmg - Estimation StBorDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by stem borer per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. StBorDmg - Estimation StrigaDmg - Estimation Observe the maize plant damage caused by striga per plot. StrigaDmg - Estimation RootCapac - Measurement RootCapac - Measurement Standard method for root capitance. Observe the plant damage caused by large grain borer per plot LGBDmg - Estimation LGBDmg - Estimation WeevInc - Estimation Score maize weevil damage on the plants per plot. WeevInc - Estimation LLng - Measurement LLng - Measurement Measure the leaf which subtends the uppermost ear from ligule to apex. ShtPub - Estimation Standard method for sheath pubescence content. ShtPub - Estimation BSDMInc - Computation Divide the total number of BSDM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. BSDMInc - Computation Standard method for silk growth. SilkGrw - Measurement SilkGrw - Measurement Divide the total number of CTM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. CTMInc - Computation CTMInc - Computation SilkGrwR - Computation SilkGrwR - Computation Standard method for silk growth rate. DMJInc - Computation Divide the total number of DMJ damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. DMJInc - Computation SilkLng - Measurement Standard method for silk length. SilkLng - Measurement PDMInc - Computation Divide the total number of PDM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. PDMInc - Computation TslBW - Measurement TslBW - Measurement Standard method for tassel branches dry weight. DMSInc - Computation DMSInc - Computation Divide the total number of DMS damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. g g Divide the total number of Psacch damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. PsacchInc - Computation PsacchInc - Computation TslBN - Counting Standard method for tassel branches number. TslBN - Counting BLSBSev - Estimation BLSBSev - Estimation Observe banded leaf and sheath blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Count the number of tillers per plant (average of more than 20 representative) plants. Tillering - Counting Tillering - Counting AstriInc - Computation Divide the total number of ASTRI damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. AstriInc - Computation Observe shape of uppermost ear. UpESh - Estimation UpESh - Estimation BwSpotSev - Estimation Observe brown spot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). BwSpotSev - Estimation Divide the total number of CharRot damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. CharRInc - Computation CharRInc - Computation Divide the total number of LateWilt damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. LateWiltInc - Computation LateWiltInc - Computation SdlngDisInc - Computation Divide the total number of SeedlingDis affected plants by the total number of plants harvested. SdlngDisInc - Computation BCLSSev - Estimation BCLSSev - Estimation Observe bacterial leaf stripe severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). 1-9 Grain color scale 1-9 Grain color scale 1= white 4= variegated 5= brown 2= yellow 3= purple 8= white cap 9= red 6= orange 7= mottled Divide the total number of BactSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. BactSRInc - Computation BactSRInc - Computation 0-10 Senescence scale 0-10 Senescence scale 0= no dead leaf area 9= 81-90% dead leave area 3= 21-30% dead leaf area 4=31-40% dead leaf area 1= 1-10% dead leaf area 2= 11-20% dead leaf area 7= 61-70% dead leave area 8= 71-80% dead leave area 5= 41-50% dead leave area 6= 51-60% dead leave area Observe maize busy stunt severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). CSCMSev - Estimation CSCMSev - Estimation Divide the total number of SteWilt damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. SteWiltInc - Computation SteWiltInc - Computation 1-11 Grain type scale 1-11 Grain type scale 1= floury 10 Tunicate 4= Semi-dent, intermediate between dent and flint but closer to dent 5= Semi-flint, flint with a soft cap 2= semi-floury (morocho), with an external layer of hard endoseprm. 3= dent 8= sweet 9= Opaque 2/QPM 6= flint 7= pop AphDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by aphids per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. AphDmg - Estimation AWormDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by army worms per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. AWormDmg - Estimation BusseolaInc - Counting Count the number plants that are damaged by busseola (african stem borer) per plot. BusseolaInc - Counting DiabroticaDmg - Estimation DiabroticaDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by Diabrotica per plot. ¡C ¡C DiatraeaDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by Diatraea plot. DiatraeaDmg - Estimation Divide the total number of EWDMG damaged ears by the total number of plants harvested. EWormInc - Computation EWormInc - Computation WeevN - Counting WeevN - Counting Standard method for maize weevil number in a sample. Weevils were counted only once (at the end of a 45-d incubation period) Seed weight loss was determined using the count and weight method of Gwinner et al (1996). Weight loss (%) = (Wu x Nd) - (Wd x Nu) x 100 / Wu x (Nd + Nu) where Wu=weight of the undamaged seed, Nu = number of undamaged seed, Wd = Weight of damaged seed, and Nd=Number of damaged seed. GWLostWeev - Measurement GWLostWeev - Measurement Count and weigh grains randomly selected from the total grains. GW DW - Measurement GW DW - Measurement GN - Computation Standard method for grain number. GN - Computation Measure, when applicable, ear diameter at the central part of uppermost ears of at least 20 representative plants per accession. EDia - Measurement EDia - Measurement cm cm ELng - Measurement ELng - Measurement Measure, when applicable, ear length of at least 20 representative plants per accession, record the data in the fieldbook. % % TslTyp - Estimation TslTyp - Estimation Standard method for tassel type. day day Standard method for ear leaf chlorophyll content. ELChl - Measurement ELChl - Measurement plant/plot plant/plot YLChl - Measurement YLChl - Measurement Standard method for young leaf chlorophyll content. ear/plant ear/plant Standard method for glucose content. Glucose - Measurement Glucose - Measurement kg/plot kg/plot GUpSSh - Estimation GUpSSh - Estimation Observe the shape of the upper surface of grain, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession, after harvest. Optimum number of measurements: i) Vegetative stage: Weekly measurements from 2 to 6 weeks after planting; ii) Flowering: only for inbred lines. NDVI - Measurement NDVI - Measurement Observe the pericarp color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. PericCol - Estimation PericCol - Estimation OA - Measurement OA - Measurement Standard method for osmotic adjustment. Observe the aleurone color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. AleuCol - Estimation AleuCol - Estimation OP - Measurement Standard method for osmotic potential. OP - Measurement EndoCol - Estimation Observe the endosperm color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. EndoCol - Estimation Standard method for photochemical radiation index. PRI - Measurement PRI - Measurement GThk - Measurement GThk - Measurement Measure the thickness of the same 10 grains used for taking grain length measurement. Standard method for proline content. Proline - Measurement Proline - Measurement Standard method for tassel blasting. TslBlastSev - Estimation TslBlastSev - Estimation index index SCond - Measurement Measured with a portable porometer. Take the measures in the middle between leaf tip and leaf base, and in between leaf midrib and leaf rim. Blade sections measured must to be exposed to sunlight for at least the 30 minutes before. Measurements always performed in the same side of the leaf (usually the lower or abaxial one). One measurement per leaf, and at least 3 per plot. 1 min per measurement. SCond - Measurement Sucrose - Measurement Sucrose - Measurement Standard method for sucrose content. CCI CCI Standard method for total sugar content. Sugar - Measurement Sugar - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain ash content GAsh - Measurement GAsh - Measurement WI - Measurement Standard method for water index. WI - Measurement GIron - Measurement GIron - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain iron content. GVitA - Measurement GVitA - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain pro-vitaminA content. GStarch - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain starch content. GStarch - Measurement GZinc - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain zinc content. GZinc - Measurement Standard method for canopy temperature. CT - Measurement CT - Measurement 1-5 rating scale 1-5 rating scale 1= excellent 4= poor 5= very poor 2= good 3= intermediate 1-3 density scale 1-3 density scale 1= sparse 2= intermediate 3= dense 1-3 Tassel branching type scale 1-3 Tassel branching type scale 1= primary 2= secondary 3= primary-secondary-tertiary 1-5 damage scoring scale 1-5 damage scoring scale 1= clean, no damage 4= Significantly (70%) damaged 5= highly (>80%) damaged 2= slightly (20%) damaged 3= moderately (50% ) damaged 1-5 Endosperm hardness scale 1-5 Endosperm hardness scale 1= hard and transparent grains 4= semi-soft and semi-opaque grains 5 = soft and opaque grains 2= semi-hard and semi-transparent grains 3= intermediate grain hardness 1-5 Grain texture scale 1-5 Grain texture scale 1= flint 4= semi-dent 5 = dent 2= semi-flint 3= intermediate 1-5 Leaf rolling severity scale 1-5 Leaf rolling severity scale 1= unrolled 4= not severely rolled leaves 5= severely rolled leaves, undesirable 2= turgid leaves 3= desirable 1-5 Pericarp color scale 1-5 Pericarp color scale 1= colorless 4= brown 5= other 2= grayyish white 3= red 1-5 Aleurone color scale 1-5 Aleurone color scale 1= colorless 4= purple 5= other 2= bronze 3= red 1-4 Ear shape scale 1-4 Ear shape scale 1= cylindrical 4= round 2= cylindrical-conical 3= conical Corn stunt spiroplasma severity. CSSSev Corn stunt spiroplasma severity Corn stunt spiroplasma severity Observe fusarium graminearum ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection. CSSSev - Estimation CSSSev - Estimation 1-5 WeevDmgInc scale 1-5 WeevDmgInc scale 1= no infestation 4= Significantly (70%) infested 5= severly infested 2= slightly (20%) infested 3= moderately (50% ) infested cm/day cm/day 0-1 absent-present scale 0-1 absent-present scale 1= present 0= absent 1-5 Tassel blasting severity scale 1-5 Tassel blasting severity scale 1= no blasting 4= moderate to high level of blasting 5= very high level of blasting 2= low to moderate level of blasting 3= moderate level of blasting pg/g pg/g ¡C day ¡C day Mpa Mpa uF uF mmol /m2/s mmol /m2/s tiller/plant tiller/plant row/ear row/ear branch branch weevil weevil grain/plant grain/plant Aspergillus ear rot severity AspERSev Aspergillus ear rot severity. Aspergillus ear rot severity AspERSev - Estimation AspERSev - Estimation Observe aspergillus ear rot severity on the harvested ears per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). DMSSev - Estimation DMSSev - Estimation Observe sorghum downy mildew severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Ear harvested number Number of ears harvested. Ear harvested number EHvst EW Weight of mature upper ear, including cob and kernels, and at a defined moisture content, although often this is not provided. Ear weight Ear weight Ear shelling ratio Shell Ear shelling ratio The ratio of grain to total ear weight. Grain oil content Whole-grain oil content Grain oil content GOil Whole-grain oil content. Color of the leaf. Leaf color Leaf color LCol Leaf erectness Leaf erectness Insertion angle of the leaves. LErect Silk Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration of stigmas. SilkCol Silk Anthocyanin coloration StdGerm Standard germination. Standard germination Standard germination TslCol Tassel Anthocyanin coloration Tassel Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration of tassel. TslDen Tassel density Tassel density Density of spikelets. TslExer Tassel exertion Tassel exertion Tassel exertion. Tassel angle. Tassel opening Tassel opening TslOpen Plant uniformity Uniformity of plants. Plant uniformity PUnif Plant vigor PVig Plant vigor Plant vigor. StrigaPN - Counting Count the total number of emerged striga plants per plot. It is counted three times, 8 weeks, 10 weeks and 12 weeks after planting. StrigaPN - Counting PHvst Plants harvested Number of plants harvested per unit area. Plants harvested BHskCovInc - Computation Divide the total number of ears with bad husk cover by the total number of ears harvested. BHskCovInc - Computation Common smut (Ustilago maydis, syn. U. zeae)incidence. Common smut incidence Common smut incidence CSmutInc Divide the total number of CSN damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. CSmutInc - Computation CSmutInc - Computation CSCInc - Computation CSCInc - Computation Divide the total number of CSC damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. EPo - Estimation Determine ear position using 1-3 scale. EPo - Estimation 1-3 Ear position scale 1-3 Ear position scale 1= low ear position 2= ear around mid-plant 3= high ear position Count the total number of ears that damaged or/and rotten per plot. ERInc - Counting ERInc - Counting Count the plants that are affected by fusarium stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. FusSRInc - Counting FusSRInc - Counting Count the plants that are affected by fusarium graminearum stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. FgramSRInc - Counting FgramSRInc - Counting FmonSRInc - Counting Count the plants that are affected by fusarium moniliforme stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. FmonSRInc - Counting HSmutInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by head smut per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. HSmutInc - Counting DMVInc - Counting DMVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize dwarf mosaic virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MSVInc - Counting MSVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize streak virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Divide the total number of MSV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MSVInc - Computation MSVInc - Computation RLodgInc - Counting Count the number of plants that show root lodging and record data in filedbook. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. RLodgInc - Counting SLodgInc - Counting SLodgInc - Counting Count the number of plants with the stem lodged. The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Count the number of plants that have more than one ear growing from the same node. MCob - Counting MCob - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by CTM per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. CTMInc - Counting CTMInc - Counting DMJInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by DMJ per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. DMJInc - Counting PytSRInc - Counting PytSRInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by pythium stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. DMSInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by sorghum downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. DMSInc - Counting PDMInc - Counting PDMInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by philippine downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. PsacchInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by sugarcane downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. PsacchInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by sugarcane mosaic virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. SCMVInc - Counting SCMVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. SRInc - Counting SRInc - Counting ALBInc - Counting ALBInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by anthracnose leaf blight per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Count the number of plants that are affected by bacterial stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. BactSRInc - Counting BactSRInc - Counting AstriInc - Counting AstriInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by black bundle per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. BSDMInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by brown stripe downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. BSDMInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by charcoal rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. CharRInc - Counting CharRInc - Counting EWormInc - Counting EWormInc - Counting Count the number of ear damage caused by earworm per plot. LateWiltInc - Counting LateWiltInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by late wilt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Count the number of plants that are affected by maize bushy stunt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MRFVInc - Counting MRFVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize rough dwarf virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MRDVInc - Counting MRDVInc - Counting MSTVInc - Counting MSTVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize stripe virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Count the number of plants that are affected by mal de rio cuarto virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MRCVInc - Counting MRCVInc - Counting StenSRInc - Counting StenSRInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by stenocarpella stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Count the number of plants that are affected by stewart wilt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. SteWiltInc - Counting SteWiltInc - Counting PHvst - Counting PHvst - Counting Count the total number of plants harvested per plot/entry. EHvst - Counting EHvst - Counting Count the total number of ears harvested per plot/entry, excluding secondary ears that are extremely small. ug/g ug/g EarW Dry weight - Measurement Harvest all ears in a plot (or row), put them in the nylon bag and record weight. If at all possible, delay harvest of maize until its moisture content is low (15-25%). EarW Dry weight - Measurement FW GY - Measurement Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and record fresh (field) weight. FW GY - Measurement Shell - Computation Shell - Computation Use formula to calculate ear sheeling ratio. Standard method for oil content GOil - Measurement GOil - Measurement t/ha t/ha PUnif - Estimation PUnif - Estimation Standard method for plant uniformity PVig - Estimation PVig - Estimation Standard method for plant vigor Standard method for leaf color. LCol - Estimation LCol - Estimation LErect - Estimation Standard method for leaf erectness LErect - Estimation SilkAnCol - Estimation SilkAnCol - Estimation Standard method for silk Anthocyanin coloration. StdGerm - Estimation Standard method for standard germination StdGerm - Estimation Standard method for tassel Anthocyanin coloration. TslAnCol - Estimation TslAnCol - Estimation Standard method for tassel density TslDen - Estimation TslDen - Estimation Standard method for tassel exertion TslExer - Estimation TslExer - Estimation TslOpen - Estimation TslOpen - Estimation Standard method for tassel opening 1-5 Leaf color scale 1-5 Leaf color scale 1= light green 4= reddish 5= purple 2= green 3= dark green 1-4 Leaf erectness scale 1-4 Leaf erectness scale 1= erect 4= drooping 2= semi erect 3= semi horizontal 1-5 Anthocyanin coloration scale 1-5 Anthocyanin coloration scale 1= absent 4= strong 5= very strong 2= weak 3= medium 1-5 Standard germination scale 1-5 Standard germination scale 1= excellent germination (90-100%) 4= poor germination (11-29%) 5= very poor germination (0-10%) 2= good germination (70-89%) 3= intermediate germination (30-69%) 1-3 Tassel density scale 1-3 Tassel density scale 1= lax 2= medium 3= dense 1-5 Tassel exertion scale 1-5 Tassel exertion scale 1= very short 4= long 5= very long 2= short 3= medium 1-5 Tassel opening scale 1-5 Tassel opening scale 1= very compact 4= open 5= postrate 2= compact 3= semi open 1-3 Plant uniformity scale 1-3 Plant uniformity scale 1= 100% 2= 95% 3= mixed 1-5 Vigor scale 1-5 Vigor scale 1= very vigorous 4= weak 5= very weak 2= vigorous 3= normal AleuCol_E_1to5 AleuCol_E_1to5 AntCol Anthocyanin coloration of anthers. Anther Anthocyanin coloration Anther Anthocyanin coloration AntAnCol - Estimation Standard method for tassel anthers Anthocyanin coloration. The observation should be made in the middle third of the main branch on fresh anthers. AntAnCol - Estimation AntAnCol_E_1to5 AntAnCol_E_1to5 AflavERSev_E_1to5 AflavERSev_E_1to5 AspERSev_E_1to5 AspERSev_E_1to5 BHskCovInc_Cmp_pct BHskCovInc_Cmp_pct BHskCovInc_Ct_plntPlot BHskCovInc_Ct_plntPlot BHskCovInc - Estimation BHskCovInc - Estimation Observation of ears with bad husk cover. BHskCovInc_E_pct BHskCovInc_E_pct CSmutSev_E_1to5 CSmutSev_E_1to5 EAsp_E_1to5 EAsp_E_1to5 EDia_M_cm EDia_M_cm EDmg_E_1to5 EDmg_E_1to5 Ear shape EShape EarForm Ear shape Ear shape Standard method for ear shape EShape - Estimation EShape - Estimation 1-3 Ear shape scale 1-3 Ear shape scale 1= conical 2= conical-cylindrical 3= cylindrical EShape_E_1to3 EShape_E_1to3 EGrw_M_cm EGrw_M_cm EGrwR_Cmp_cmday EGrwR_Cmp_cmday EH_M_cm EH_M_cm ear/plot ear/plot EHvst_Ct_earPlot EHvst_Ct_earPlot ELng_M_cm ELng_M_cm EN_Ct_earplnt EN_Ct_earplnt Ear position ratio Ear position ratio EPo_Cmp_ratio EPo_Cmp_ratio EPo_E_1to3 EPo_E_1to3 ERInc_Cmp_pct ERInc_Cmp_pct ERInc_Ct_earPlot ERInc_Ct_earPlot ERInc - Estimation ERInc - Estimation Score percentage of rotten ears at harvest. ERInc_E_pct ERInc_E_pct Harvest all ears in a plot (or row), put them in the nylon bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried ears. EarW Field weight - Measurement EarW Field weight - Measurement EW_DW_kgPlot EW_DW_kgPlot EW_FW_kgPlot EW_FW_kgPlot EWormDmg Earworm damage Ear worm (Heliothis) damage. Earworm damage EWormDmg - Measurement Standard method for earworm damage measured in cm of feeding. 0 - no ear damage, 1 - 1 cm, + 1 for each additional cm of feeding EWormDmg - Measurement EWormDmg_M_cm EWormDmg_M_cm EWormInc_Cmp_pct EWormInc_Cmp_pct EWormInc_Ct_plntPlot EWormInc_Ct_plntPlot FgramERSev_E_1to5 FgramERSev_E_1to5 FmonERSev_E_1to5 FmonERSev_E_1to5 FusERSev_E_1to5 FusERSev_E_1to5 GRArr_E_1to4 GRArr_E_1to4 GRN_Ct_rowear GRN_Ct_rowear HskCov_E_1to5 HskCov_E_1to5 PERSev_E_1to5 PERSev_E_1to5 Shell_Cmp_pct Shell_Cmp_pct Ear shelling ratio scale Ear shelling ratio scale Shell_Cmp_ratio Shell_Cmp_ratio SmaySev_E_1to5 SmaySev_E_1to5 ELLng_M_cm ELLng_M_cm ELW_M_g ELW_M_g ELChl_M_CCI ELChl_M_CCI 1-6 Endosperm color scale 1-6 Endosperm color scale 1= white 4= yellow 5= orange 2= cream 3= pale yellow 6= white cap EndoCol_E_1to6 EndoCol_E_1to6 EndoHard_E_1to5 EndoHard_E_1to5 EndoLys_M_pct EndoLys_M_pct EndoProt_M_pct EndoProt_M_pct EndoTrp_M_pct EndoTrp_M_pct Aflatox_M_ppb Aflatox_M_ppb GCol_E_1to9 GCol_E_1to9 GLng_M_mm GLng_M_mm GMoi_Cmp_pct GMoi_Cmp_pct NIRS Moi - Measurement Measure moisture of a grain sample using NIRS moisture analyzer. NIRS Moi - Measurement GMoi_NIRS_pct GMoi_NIRS_pct GN_Cmp_grnplnt GN_Cmp_grnplnt GTex_E_1to5 GTex_E_1to5 GThk_M_mm GThk_M_mm GTyp_E_1to11 GTyp_E_1to11 GUpSSh_E_1to6 GUpSSh_E_1to6 g/1000grain g/1000grain GW_DW_g1000grn GW_DW_g1000grn TKW TGW 1000KW g/100grain g/100grain GW_DW_g100grn 100KW GW_DW_g100grn g/200grain g/200grain GW_DW_g200grn 200KW GW_DW_g200grn GWid_M_mm GWid_M_mm kg/ha kg/ha GY_Adj_kgha GY_Adj_kgha GY_Adj_tha GY_Adj_tha Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and put grains in a paper bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried grain. DW GY - Measurement DW GY - Measurement g/plot g/plot GY_DW_gPlot GY_DW_gPlot Dry weight basis GY - Computation Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in dry weight basis. Dry weight basis GY - Computation GY_DW_kgha GY_DW_kgha GY_DW_kgPlot GY_DW_kgPlot DW GY - Computation Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in dry weight basis. DW GY - Computation GY_DW_tha GY_DW_tha GY_FW_gPlot GY_FW_gPlot Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in fresh (field) weight basis. FW GY - Computation FW GY - Computation GY_FW_kgha GY_FW_kgha GY_FW_kgPlot GY_FW_kgPlot GY_FW_tha GY_FW_tha It is calculated as the numerical position of the progeny when yields are arrenged from highest to lowest. GYRank - Computation GYRank - Computation Rank number Rank number GY_Rank_number GY_Rank_number Calculated as relative grain yield agaisnst the best check in percentage. Relative to check - Computation Relative to check - Computation GY_RelChk_pct GY_RelChk_pct GY_RGY_pct GY_RGY_pct LGBDmg_E_1to5 LGBDmg_E_1to5 StdGerm_E_1to5 StdGerm_E_1to5 WeevInc_E_1to5 WeevInc_E_1to5 WeevN_Ct_weevil WeevN_Ct_weevil BCLSSev_E_1to5 BCLSSev_E_1to5 BLSBSev_E_1to5 BLSBSev_E_1to5 BmaySev_E_1to5 BmaySev_E_1to5 BwSpotSev_E_1to5 BwSpotSev_E_1to5 Chl_M_CCI Chl_M_CCI CLSSev_E_1to5 CLSSev_E_1to5 CRustSev_E_1to5 CRustSev_E_1to5 DMSev_E_1to5 DMSev_E_1to5 EturcSev_E_1to5 EturcSev_E_1to5 GLSSev_E_1to5 GLSSev_E_1to5 Leaf ash content Leaf ash content LAsh Ash content in maize leaves. Standard method for leaves ash content LAsh- Measurement LAsh- Measurement LAsh_M_pct LAsh_M_pct NIRS method for leaves ash content NIRS LAsh - Measurement NIRS LAsh - Measurement LAsh_NIRS_pct LAsh_NIRS_pct LCol_E_1to5 LCol_E_1to5 LErect_E_1to4 LErect_E_1to4 LLng_M_cm LLng_M_cm LRollSev_E_1to5 LRollSev_E_1to5 LWid_M_cm LWid_M_cm PLSSev_E_1to5 PLSSev_E_1to5 PpolySev_E_1to5 PpolySev_E_1to5 RustSev_E_1to5 RustSev_E_1to5 SCond_M_mmolm2s SCond_M_mmolm2s Sen_E_0to10 Sen_E_0to10 Sen_E_pct Sen_E_pct TRustSev_E_1to5 TRustSev_E_1to5 TSCSev_E_1to5 TSCSev_E_1to5 PericCol_E_1to5 PericCol_E_1to5 ALBInc_Cmp_pct ALBInc_Cmp_pct ALBInc_Ct_plntPlot ALBInc_Ct_plntPlot Ant_Cmp_Cday AnthesisGDU Ant_Cmp_Cday Anthesis date - Estimation Date when 50% of the plants shed pollen. Observe a known number of plants carefully (guideline: N = 20 for inbred lines or hybrids; N = 35 for open pollinated varieties) at the same time each day until 50% of the plants in the plot have produced at least one visible anther and record the date. Anthesis date - Estimation yyyymmdd yyyymmdd AD Ant_Date_ymd Ant_Date_ymd Ant_DT_day Ant_DT_day DTA AphDmg_E_1to5 AphDmg_E_1to5 ASI_Cmp_day ASI_Cmp_day AstriInc_Cmp_pct AstriInc_Cmp_pct AstriInc_Ct_plntPlot AstriInc_Ct_plntPlot AWormDmg_E_1to5 AWormDmg_E_1to5 BactSRInc_Cmp_pct BactSRInc_Cmp_pct BactSRInc_Ct_plntPlot BactSRInc_Ct_plntPlot BSDMInc_Cmp_pct BSDMInc_Cmp_pct BSDMInc_Ct_plntPlot BSDMInc_Ct_plntPlot Busseola damage BusseolaDmg Plant damage caused by Busseola larvae. Busseola damage BusseolaDmg_E_1to5 BusseolaDmg_E_1to5 BusseolaInc_Ct_plntPlot BusseolaInc_Ct_plntPlot CharRInc_Cmp_pct CharRInc_Cmp_pct CharRInc_Ct_plntPlot CharRInc_Ct_plntPlot ChiloDmg_E_1to5 ChiloDmg_E_1to5 CSCInc_Cmp_pct CSCInc_Cmp_pct CSCInc_Ct_plntPlot CSCInc_Ct_plntPlot CSCMSev_E_1to5 CSCMSev_E_1to5 CSmutInc_Cmp_pct CSmutInc_Cmp_pct CSmutInc_Ct_plntPlot CSmutInc_Ct_plntPlot CSSSev_E_1to5 CSSSev_E_1to5 CT_M_C CT_M_C CTMInc_Cmp_pct CTMInc_Cmp_pct CTMInc_Ct_plntPlot CTMInc_Ct_plntPlot DiabroticaDmg_E_1to5 DiabroticaDmg_E_1to5 DiatraeaDmg_E_1to5 DiatraeaDmg_E_1to5 DMJInc_Cmp_pct DMJInc_Cmp_pct DMJInc_Ct_plntPlot DMJInc_Ct_plntPlot DMSInc_Cmp_pct DMSInc_Cmp_pct DMSInc_Ct_plntPlot DMSInc_Ct_plntPlot Sorghum downy mildew severity DMSSev Sorghum downy mildew severity Sorghum downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) severity. DMSSev_E_1to5 DMSSev_E_1to5 DMVInc_Cmp_pct DMVInc_Cmp_pct DMVInc_Ct_plntPlot DMVInc_Ct_plntPlot Record date when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Ear leaf senescence date - Computation Ear leaf senescence date - Computation ELSen_Date_ymd ELSenD ELSen_Date_ymd ELSen_DT_day ELSen_DT_day DTELSen FgramSRInc_Cmp_pct FgramSRInc_Cmp_pct FgramSRInc_Ct_plntPlot FgramSRInc_Ct_plntPlot FmonSRInc_Cmp_pct FmonSRInc_Cmp_pct FmonSRInc_Ct_plntPlot FmonSRInc_Ct_plntPlot Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity FmonSRSev Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity. Observe fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). FmonSRSev - Estimation FmonSRSev - Estimation FmonSRSev_E_1to5 FmonSRSev_E_1to5 FungDis_E_0to1 FungDis_E_0to1 Text Text FungDis_E_text FungDis_E_text FusSRInc_Cmp_pct FusSRInc_Cmp_pct FusSRInc_Ct_plntPlot FusSRInc_Ct_plntPlot GWLostWeev_Cmp_pct GWLostWeev_Cmp_pct HSmutInc_Cmp_pct HSmutInc_Cmp_pct HSmutInc_Ct_plntPlot HSmutInc_Ct_plntPlot Head smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana) severity. Head smut severity Head smut severity HSmutSev Observe head smut severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). HSmutSev - Estimation HSmutSev - Estimation HSmutSev_E_1to5 HSmutSev_E_1to5 LateWiltInc_Cmp_pct LateWiltInc_Cmp_pct LateWiltInc_Ct_plntPlot LateWiltInc_Ct_plntPlot LodgInc Lodging incidence Observation of lodging severity. Lodging incidence LodgInc - Estimation Scored for severity of lodging. LodgInc - Estimation LodgInc_E_1to5 LodgInc_E_1to5 MaturityGDU Mat_Cmp_Cday Mat_Cmp_Cday Maturity date - Estimation Maturity date - Estimation Record the date when excised kernels are longitudinally cut to expose a black internal abscission layer at the base of the kernel that signals the kernel has ceased to absorb nutrients or moisture from the mother plants. MD Mat_Date_ymd Mat_Date_ymd DTM Mat_DT_day Mat_DT_day MCob_Cmp_pct MCob_Cmp_pct MCob_Ct_plntPlot MCob_Ct_plntPlot MLNSev_E_1to5 MLNSev_E_1to5 MRCVInc_Cmp_pct MRCVInc_Cmp_pct MRCVInc_Ct_plntPlot MRCVInc_Ct_plntPlot MRDVInc_Cmp_pct MRDVInc_Cmp_pct MRDVInc_Ct_plntPlot MRDVInc_Ct_plntPlot MRFVInc_Cmp_pct MRFVInc_Cmp_pct MRFVInc_Ct_plntPlot MRFVInc_Ct_plntPlot MSTVInc_Cmp_pct MSTVInc_Cmp_pct MSTVInc_Ct_plntPlot MSTVInc_Ct_plntPlot MSVInc_Cmp_pct MSVInc_Cmp_pct MSVInc_Ct_plntPlot MSVInc_Ct_plntPlot MSVSev Maize streak virus severity (MSV) severity. Maize streak virus severity Maize streak virus severity MSVSev_E_1to5 MSVSev_E_1to5 NDVI_M_idx NDVI_M_idx OA_M_Mpa OA_M_Mpa OP_M_Mpa OP_M_Mpa PAsp_E_1to5 PAsp_E_1to5 PDMInc_Cmp_pct PDMInc_Cmp_pct PDMInc_Ct_plntPlot PDMInc_Ct_plntPlot PHTslB_M_cm PHTslB_M_cm PHvst_Ct_plntPlot PHvst_Ct_plntPlot PRI_M_idx PRI_M_idx PsacchInc_Cmp_pct PsacchInc_Cmp_pct PsacchInc_Ct_plntPlot PsacchInc_Ct_plntPlot PStand_Ct_plntPlot PStand_Ct_plntPlot PUnif_E_1to3 PUnif_E_1to3 PVig_E_1to5 PVig_E_1to5 PytSRInc_Cmp_pct PytSRInc_Cmp_pct PytSRInc_Ct_plntPlot PytSRInc_Ct_plntPlot RLodgInc_Cmp_pct RLodgInc_Cmp_pct RLodgInc_Ct_plntPlot RLodgInc_Ct_plntPlot RLodgInc - Estimation Observe and record plants that are root lodged due to weak soil or poorly developed anchorage roots. RLodgInc - Estimation RLodgInc_E_pct RLodgInc_E_pct SCMVInc_Cmp_pct SCMVInc_Cmp_pct SCMVInc_Ct_plntPlot SCMVInc_Ct_plntPlot SdlngDisInc_Cmp_pct SdlngDisInc_Cmp_pct SdlngDisInc - Counting Count the seedling that are affected by seedling diseases per plot. SdlngDisInc - Counting SdlngDisInc_Ct_plntPlot SdlngDisInc_Ct_plntPlot Silking date - Estimation Silking date - Estimation Observe plants carefully and record date when 50% of plants within a plot area have silks visible (female flowering date). This is determined on a daily basis by counting the number of plants with at least one silk extruded divided by the total number of plants in the plot. Silk_Date_ymd Silk_Date_ymd SD Silk_DT_day Silk_DT_day DTS SLodgInc_Cmp_pct SLodgInc_Cmp_pct SLodgInc_Ct_plntPlot SLodgInc_Ct_plntPlot SlodgInc - Estimation SlodgInc - Estimation Divide the total numbers of plants with lodged stems by number of plants harvested. SlodgInc_E_pct SlodgInc_E_pct SRInc_Cmp_pct SRInc_Cmp_pct SRInc_Ct_plntPlot SRInc_Ct_plntPlot StBorDmg_E_1to5 StBorDmg_E_1to5 StenSRInc_Cmp_pct StenSRInc_Cmp_pct StenSRInc_Ct_plntPlot StenSRInc_Ct_plntPlot SteWiltInc_Cmp_pct SteWiltInc_Cmp_pct SteWiltInc_Ct_plntPlot SteWiltInc_Ct_plntPlot StrigaDmg_E_1to5 StrigaDmg_E_1to5 Tillering_Ct_tllrplnt Tillering_Ct_tllrplnt WI_M_idx WI_M_idx RootCapac_M_uF RootCapac_M_uF ShtPub_E_1to3 ShtPub_E_1to3 Weight of shelled cob. Shelled cob weight Shelled cob weight ShellCobW Record shelled cob field weight. ShellCobW - Measurement (duplicate) ShellCobW - Measurement (duplicate) ShellCobW_FW_gPlot ShellCobW_FW_gPlot ShellCobW_FW_kgPlot ShellCobW_FW_kgPlot SilkAnCol_E_1to5 SilkAnCol_E_1to5 SilkGrw_M_cm SilkGrw_M_cm SilkGrwR_Cmp_cmday SilkGrwR_Cmp_cmday SilkLng_M_cm SilkLng_M_cm 1-5 Stem color scale 1-5 Stem color scale 1= green 4= purple 5= brown 2= sun red 3= red StemCol_E_1to5 StemCol_E_1to5 Number of Striga hermonthica plants. Striga plant number Striga plant number StrigaPN StrigaPN_Ct_plntPlot StrigaPN_Ct_plntPlot TslBlastSev_E_1to5 TslBlastSev_E_1to5 TslAnCol_E_1to5 TslAnCol_E_1to5 TslDen_E_1to3 TslDen_E_1to3 TslExer_E_1to5 TslExer_E_1to5 Tassel glumes base Anthocyanin coloration Tassel glumes base Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration at base of tassel glumes. TslGlBCol TslGlBAnCol - Estimation Standard method for glumes base tassel Anthocyanin coloration. TslGlBAnCol - Estimation TslGlBAnCol_E_1to5 TslGlBAnCol_E_1to5 Anthocyanin coloration of tassel glumes excluding the bases of the glumes. Tassel glumes Anthocyanin coloration TslGlCol Tassel glumes Anthocyanin coloration Standard method for glumes tassel Anthocyanin coloration. The measurement should exclude the bases of the glumes. TslGlAnCol - Estimation TslGlAnCol - Estimation TslGlAnCol_E_1to5 TslGlAnCol_E_1to5 TslOpen_E_1to5 TslOpen_E_1to5 TslSiz_E_1to3 TslSiz_E_1to3 TslTyp_E_1to3 TslTyp_E_1to3 TslBN_Ct_branch TslBN_Ct_branch TslBW_DW_g TslBW_DW_g UpESh_E_1to4 UpESh_E_1to4 GAsh_M_pct GAsh_M_pct NIRS GAsh - Measurement NIRS method for whole-grain ash content NIRS GAsh - Measurement GAsh_NIRS_pct GAsh_NIRS_pct GIron_M_ppm GIron_M_ppm GLys_M_pct GLys_M_pct GOil_M_pct GOil_M_pct NIRS method for oil content NIRS GOil - Measurement NIRS GOil - Measurement GOil_NIRS_pct GOil_NIRS_pct GProt_Cmp_pct GProt_Cmp_pct NIRS GProt- Measurement NIRS method for whole-grain protein content. NIRS GProt- Measurement GProt_NIRS_pct GProt_NIRS_pct GStarch_M_pct GStarch_M_pct GTrp_M_pct GTrp_M_pct NIRS GTrp- Measurement NIRS GTrp- Measurement NIRS method for whole-grain tryptophan content. GTrp_NIRS_pct GTrp_NIRS_pct GVitA_M_µgg GVitA_M_µgg GZinc_M_ppm GZinc_M_ppm YLChl_M_CCI YLChl_M_CCI GABA_M_ugg GABA_M_ugg GGlucose_M_pct GGlucose_M_pct RProl_M_ugg RProl_M_ugg GSucrose_M_pct GSucrose_M_pct Sucrose content in the leaf Leaf sucrose content LSucrose Leaf sucrose content GW Adjusted - Computation Compute grain weigh adjuted to 12.5% moisture. GW Adjusted - Computation GW FW - Measurement GW FW - Measurement Count and weigh grains randomly selected from the total grains. 1-9 disease scoring scale 1-9 disease scoring scale 1= no infection 4= low to medium infection 5= medium infection 2= very low infection 3= low infection 8= very high infection 9= severe infection 6= medium to high infection 7= high infection 1-9 Anthocyanin coloration scale 1-9 Anthocyanin coloration scale 1= absent or very weak 4= weak to medium 5= medium 2= very weak to weak 3= weak 8= strong to very strong 9= very strong 6= medium to strong 7= strong 1-2 absent-present scale 1-2 absent-present scale 2= present 1= absent umol/g umol/g mg/g mg/g ng/g ng/g ng/µg ng/µg EN - Counting EN - Counting Count the number of ears. EN_Ct_earPlot EN_Ct_earPlot Grain viability Grain or seed viability. GViablty Grain viability GViablty - Measurement Standard method for grain viability. GViablty - Measurement 1-5 Seed viability scale 1-5 Seed viability scale 1= Seed viability scale 1 4= Seed viability scale 4 5= Seed viability scale 5 2= Seed viability scale 2 3= Seed viability scale 3 GViablty_M_1to5 GViablty_M_1to5 Plant height from the base to the top part (in reproductive stages to the top of the tassel). PH Plant height Plant height Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height from the base of a plant to the top of the tassel, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. PH - Measurement PH - Measurement PH_M_cm PH_M_cm PHFL Plant height from the base to the ligule of the flag leaf. Plant height to ligule of the flag leaf Plant height to ligule of the flag leaf PHFL - Measurement PHFL - Measurement Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height between the base of a plant to the ligule of the flag leaf, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. PHFL_M_cm PHFL_M_cm g/plant/day g/plant/day EGrwR_Cmp_gplntday EGrwR_Cmp_gplntday EW_FW_gPlot EW_FW_gPlot EarW Individual - Measurement EarW Individual - Measurement Harvest a mature upper ear and measure its weight EW_M_gear EW_M_gear Grain test weight GTW Grain test weight Grain test weight of mature kernels. GTW - Computation Standard method for grain test weight. GTW - Computation lb/bsh lb/bsh GTW_M_lbbsh GTW_M_lbbsh GW_Adj_g1000grn GW_Adj_g1000grn GW_Adj_g100grn GW_Adj_g100grn GW_Adj_g200grn GW_Adj_g200grn GW_FW_g200grn GW_FW_g200grn GW_FW_g1000grn GW_FW_g1000grn GW_FW_g100grn GW_FW_g100grn lb/plot lb/plot GY_FW_lbPlot GY_FW_lbPlot Seedling vigor. SdlngVig Early vigor Seedling vigor Seedling vigor SdlngVig_E_1to5 SdlngVig_E_1to5 AspERSev_E_1to9 AspERSev_E_1to9 AspERSev_E_pct AspERSev_E_pct AflavERSev_E_1to9 AflavERSev_E_1to9 AflavERSev_E_pct AflavERSev_E_pct BCLSSev_E_1to9 BCLSSev_E_1to9 BCLSSev_E_pct BCLSSev_E_pct BLSBSev_E_1to9 BLSBSev_E_1to9 BLSBSev_E_pct BLSBSev_E_pct BwSpotSev_E_1to9 BwSpotSev_E_1to9 BwSpotSev_E_pct BwSpotSev_E_pct CRustSev_E_1to9 CRustSev_E_1to9 CRustSev_E_pct CRustSev_E_pct Count the number of plants that are affected by the common smut per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. CSmutInc - Counting CSmutInc - Counting CSmutSev_E_pct CSmutSev_E_pct CSmutSev_E_1to9 CSmutSev_E_1to9 CSSSev_E_1to9 CSSSev_E_1to9 CSSSev_E_pct CSSSev_E_pct CLSSev_E_pct CLSSev_E_pct CLSSev_E_1to9 CLSSev_E_1to9 DMSev_E_1to9 DMSev_E_1to9 DMSev_E_pct DMSev_E_pct FusERSev_E_1to9 FusERSev_E_1to9 FusERSev_E_pct FusERSev_E_pct FgramERSev_E_1to9 FgramERSev_E_1to9 FgramERSev_E_pct FgramERSev_E_pct FmonERSev_E_1to9 FmonERSev_E_1to9 FmonERSev_E_pct FmonERSev_E_pct FmonSRSev_E_pct FmonSRSev_E_pct FmonSRSev_E_1to9 FmonSRSev_E_1to9 GLSSev_E_pct GLSSev_E_pct GLSSev_E_1to9 GLSSev_E_1to9 HSmutSev_E_1to9 HSmutSev_E_1to9 HSmutSev_E_pct HSmutSev_E_pct CSCMSev_E_1to9 CSCMSev_E_1to9 CSCMSev_E_pct CSCMSev_E_pct Maize dwarf mosaic virus severity Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) severity. DMVSev Maize dwarf mosaic virus severity Observe maize dwarf mosaic virus severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). DMVSev - Estimation DMVSev - Estimation DMVSev_Ct_plntPlot DMVSev_Ct_plntPlot MLNSev_E_1to9 MLNSev_E_1to9 MLNSev_E_pct MLNSev_E_pct MSVSev_E_1to9 MSVSev_E_1to9 MSVSev_E_pct MSVSev_E_pct BmaySev_E_1to9 BmaySev_E_1to9 BmaySev_E_pct BmaySev_E_pct PERSev_E_1to9 PERSev_E_1to9 PERSev_E_pct PERSev_E_pct PLSSev_E_1to9 PLSSev_E_1to9 PLSSev_E_pct PLSSev_E_pct PpolySev_E_1to9 PpolySev_E_1to9 PpolySev_E_pct PpolySev_E_pct RustSev_E_1to9 RustSev_E_1to9 RustSev_E_pct RustSev_E_pct DMSSev_E_1to9 DMSSev_E_1to9 DMSSev_E_pct DMSSev_E_pct SmaySev_E_1to9 SmaySev_E_1to9 SmaySev_E_pct SmaySev_E_pct TSCSev_E_1to9 TSCSev_E_1to9 TSCSev_E_pct TSCSev_E_pct TRustSev_E_1to9 TRustSev_E_1to9 TRustSev_E_pct TRustSev_E_pct EturcSev_E_1to9 EturcSev_E_1to9 EturcSev_E_pct EturcSev_E_pct AntAnCol_E_1to9 AntAnCol_E_1to9 AntAnCol_E_1to2 AntAnCol_E_1to2 CobGlCol Anthocyanin coloration of cob glumes. Cob glumes Anthocyanin coloration Cob glumes Anthocyanin coloration CobGlAnCol - Estimation CobGlAnCol - Estimation Standard method for cob tassel Anthocyanin coloration. The anthocyanin Anthocyanin colorationation should be observed on the middle third of the uppermost cob, after the removal of some of the grains. CobGlAnCol_E_1to9 CobGlAnCol_E_1to9 Cob glumes color Cob glumes color CobGlCol Color of the cob glumes. Standard method for cob tassel color. The anthocyanin coloration should be observed on the middle third of the uppermost cob, after the removal of some of the grains. CobGlCol - Estimation CobGlCol - Estimation 1-3 Cob color scale 1-3 Cob color scale 2= light purple 3= dark purple 1= white CobGlCol_E_1to3 CobGlCol_E_1to3 ELng_M_mm ELng_M_mm Ear width Ear width. Ear width EWid EWid - Measurement Meaure ear width. EWid - Measurement EWid_M_mm EWid_M_mm 1-6 Grain upper surface shape scale 1-6 Grain upper surface shape scale 1= shrunken 4= rounded 5= pointed 2= indented 3= level 6= strongly pointed TslGlAnCol_E_1to9 TslGlAnCol_E_1to9 TslGlAnCol_E_1to2 TslGlAnCol_E_1to2 TslGlBAnCol_E_1to9 TslGlBAnCol_E_1to9 TslGlBAnCol_E_1to2 TslGlBAnCol_E_1to2 Cob sucrose content Sucrose content in the cob Cob sucrose content CSucrose CSucrose_M_umolg CSucrose_M_umolg GABA_M_pgg GABA_M_pgg ug/mg ug/mg GGlucose_M_ugmg GGlucose_M_ugmg Grain proline content Proline content in the grain. GProline Grain proline content GProline_M_mgg GProline_M_mgg GSucrose_M_umolg GSucrose_M_umolg GSugar_M_pct GSugar_M_pct LABA Abscisic acid content in the leaf. Leaf abscisic acid content Leaf abscisic acid content LABA_M_ngg LABA_M_ngg Leaf proline content Leaf proline content LProline Proline content in the leaf. LProline_M_ugg LProline_M_ugg LSucrose_M_umolg LSucrose_M_umolg LSucrose_M_mgg LSucrose_M_mgg Root abscisic acid content Abscisic acid content in the root. RABA Root abscisic acid content RABA_M_ngg RABA_M_ngg RGlucose Root glucose content Glucose content in the root. Root glucose content RGlucose_M_ngug RGlucose_M_ngug Root sucrose content RSucrose Root sucrose content Sucrose content in the root. RSucrose_M_ngug RSucrose_M_ngug Whole-grain Nitrogen content Whole-grain Nitrogen content. Grain Nitrogen content Grain Nitrogen content GNC GNC - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain Nitrogen content GNC - Measurement GNC_M_pct GNC_M_pct Abiotic stress traits Abiotic stress traits Agronomical traits Agronomical traits Biotic stress traits Biotic stress traits Morphological traits Morphological traits Phenological traits Phenological traits Physiological traits Physiological traits Quality traits Quality traits