91
90% plant height affected, 10% coverage
19
Seedling development , 9 or more leaves unfolded
CIMMYT
ISBM_g_m2
ISBM_Calc_gm2
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PSTRI_1_9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PstriInc_E_1to9
50% plant height affected, 90% coverage
59
ANTD_yyyymmdd
ANTD
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
ANTDATE
CIMMYT
Ant_date_ymd
SuPDmg_E_1to5
SUPDMG _1_5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
BlkPtInc_E_pct
BLKPT_pct
Elliptical
5
NWI3_index
NWI3_M_Idx
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GFILLPERIOD_thermal_time
JIC
GFPTT_Calc_Cday
Luzie U Wingen
CIMMYT
ACDTOL _1_5
AcdTol_E_1to5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
no visible infection (0)
0
small
1
LEAFGLAU_1_5
LeafGlau_E_1to5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
KNO
GNO_grains_m2
GNO
grains/m2
GM2
CIMMYT
GN_Calc_Grnm2
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
kernel/m2
ALVP_mm
AlvP_M_mm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
CIMMYT
GSize_ScreenMass4_pct
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
EgramInc_E_1to9
EGRAM_1_9__INC
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
moderate (M)
4
PrecoSev_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PRECO_pct__SEV
CIMMYT
PSTRI_1_8__ADLTRESP
PstriResp_E_1to8
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BM_M_kgPlot
CIMMYT
BM_kg_plot
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PgramNote_E_text
PGRAM_text
I
Intermediate (I) - Light pycnidial format ion. Coalescing of lesions normally noticeable towards the leaf tip and elsewhere on the leaf.
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
EGRAM_00_99__SEV
EgramSev_E_00to99
CIMMYT
JIC
GFILLRATE
GFR_Calc_gday
Luzie U Wingen
GHrd_M_1to3
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
HRDCLS_1_3
DAYSHD
DTH
CIMMYT
Hd_dto_day
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
HEAD
DTH_days
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SpkGW_M_g
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LeafPSSRa_M_Idx
CIMMYT
spring
S
3
low
DROUGHTTOL_1_5
DroughtTol_E_1to5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GRAINCID_delta
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GCID_M_delta13C
PEDGLAU_0_9
PedGlau_E_0to9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PthornDmg_E_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PTHORN_pct
Tillering, Main shoot and 6 Tillers
26
2
early (E)
ISBM_kg_plot
ISBM_M_kgPlot
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PRI_M_Idx
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PRI_index
CIMMYT
SpkPho_Textile_pct
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
ROOTROT_0_9
RootRot_E_0to9pct
FHB_1_8__SPKRESP
FHBSpkResp_E_1to8
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
LeafPI_M_Idx
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GScreen_M_pct
GRNSCREEN_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SEPSP_0_5__RESP
SepSpResp_E_0to5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
H2ODMG _0_9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
WtrLoggDmg_E_0to9
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
TTH_Calc_Cday
Luzie U Wingen
BMNUtE_Calc_kgkgN
JIC
PgramSdlgResp_E_0to8
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PGRAM_0_8__SEEDRESP
Tillering, Main shoot only
20
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PLNTSTND_pl_ha
CIMMYT
PlntStnd_Calc_Plntha
0
HEADD
Hd_date_ymd
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
HEADD_yyyymmdd
HEADDATE
AlvPL_Calc_Idx
CIMMYT
ALVPL_index
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
light moderate susceptible
LMS
HNecro_E_0to1
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
HNECRO_0_1
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
CTD_C
CTD_Calc_C
HAVEN_pct
HavenDmg_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
I
immune (I), 0 % of infection
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
DRidge_date_ymd
DRD_yyyymmdd
DRD
JIC
STRNitr_NIRS_pct
Luzie U Wingen
StrawStn_E_1to3
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
S
susceptible (S), pycnidial density greater than 40%
1
very poor to poor (VP-P)
R-MR
resistant to moderately resistance (R-MR)
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GCol_M_bvalue
CIMMYT
GRNCOL_b_value
JIC
BMNUP_Calc_kgha
Luzie U Wingen
SedIdx_M_mlpct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
SEDINDX_ml_pct
8
tolerant
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PSTRI_pct__SPKSEV
PstriSpkSev_E_pct
20% anther extrusion
2
PRECO_0_12__SEV
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PrecoSev_E_0to12
StayGreen_E_1to5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
STAYGREEN_1_5
49
40% plant height affected, 90% coverage
GSize_ScreenCount3_pct
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
SR_M_Idx
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
SR_index
GFRTT_Calc_gCday
Luzie U Wingen
GFILLRATE_thermal_time
JIC
TLAEV_pct__INC
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
TlaevInc_E_pct
FGRAM_0_5__RESP
FgramResp_E_0to5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GSize_ScreenCount5_pct
CIMMYT
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Lodg_E_pct
CIMMYT
LODG_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
MixTim_M_min
MIXTIM_min
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
TanSpotResp_E_1to5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
TANSPOT_1_5__ADLTRESP
GLUD1_text
CIMMYT
GluD1_M_text
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FlrProt_NIRS_pct
FLRPROT_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Asat_M_umolCO2m2s1
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
EDATE
Emer_date_ymd
EMERD_yyyymmdd
EMERD
EMERDATE
Emergence date
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
28
Tillering, Main shoot and 8 Tillers
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GSize_ScreenCount4_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FgramSev_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
NWI4_index
NWI4_M_Idx
ALVW_joules
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
AlvW_M_joules
BTol_E_1to9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
BORONTOL_1_9
1
very lax
HAILDMG_0_9
CIMMYT
HailDmg_E_0to9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
SproutTol_E_1to9
SPROUTTOL _1_9
FlrSDS_M_ml
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FLRSDS_ml
CIMMYT
GHrd_M_pct
GRNHRD_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Emer_dto_day
DTE_days
DTE
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Days to emergence
ErlVig_E_1to5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
ERLVIG_1_5
FHBAUDPC_Calc_pct
FHB_pct__AUDPC
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
HTERE_00_99__SEV
HtereSev_E_00to99
CIMMYT
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LeafR675_M_Idx
very late (VL)
VL
NWI2_index
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
NWI2_M_Idx
GPlump_E_1to3
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GRNPLUMP_1_3
LEAVESCID_delta
LeafCID_M_delta13C
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
CIMMYT
LeafSPI_M_Idx
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
SpkTyp_E_1to6
80% plant height affected, 30% coverage
83
absent
0
CIMMYT
GRNAPP_0_9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GApp_E_0to9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FLRCOL_a_value
FlrCol_M_avalue
2
highly susceptible to susceptible
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FLRGluCon_M_pct
GLUCON_pct
GLUA3_text
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GluA3_M_text
CIMMYT
PgramSev_E_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PGRAM_pct__SEV
RcereInc_E_0to9
RCERE_0_9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
HI_Calc_pct
HI_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PHORD_0_12__SEV
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PhordSev_E_0to12
PEDPBD_0_9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PedPubDen_E_0to9
GrwHabit_E_1to5
GHABIT_1_5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SALTOL _1_9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
SaltTol_E_1to9
Luzie U Wingen
GRSA_M_mm2
GsurfA_M_mm2
JIC
CIMMYT
SpkDW_Calc_gm2
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
LeafPubDen_E_0to9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LEAFPUBDEN_0_9
1
white (b<12.5)
ARMDMG_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
ArmyWDmg_E_pct
WI_index
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
WI_M_Idx
CIMMYT
2
60% coverage
6
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PHORD_pct__SEV
PhordSev_E_pct
CIMMYT
0
No visible affection
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PH_E_1to5
RELTPH_1_5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GRNIRON_mg_kg
GrnIron_M_mgkg
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
WKILL_1_5
WKill_E_1to5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
STRIT_pct__INC
StritInc_E_pct
CIMMYT
CHL_CCI
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Chl_M_CCI
16
10% plant height affected, 60% coverage
10% (3.7% occupied by uredia)
10
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
EgramInc_E_0to5
EGRAM_0_5__INC
CIMMYT
COLDTOL_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
ColdTol_E_pct
CIMMYT
TTB_Calc_Cday
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
2
very lax to lax
EGRAM_pct__INC
EgramInc_E_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BOOT
DTB_days
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
DTB
Boot_dto_day
InfertSpkN_Ct_SplSpk
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
hollow
1
fair (F)
3
CIMMYT
TestWt_M_kghl
TESTWT_kg_hl
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
07
Germination, Coleoptile emerged from seed
HsatiLSev_E_00to99
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
HSATIL_00_99__SEV
MS
moderately susceptible (MS), average pycnidial density coverage of 30-40%
AlvPG_Calc_Idx
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
ALVPG_index
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CiCa_M_Idx
CIMMYT
GVtr_E_1to3
SEDVTR_1_3
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
AWNLNG _cm
AwnLng_M_cm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GW100_g
GW_M_g100grn
ETR_M_?molm2s1
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
2
Red
GLMGLAU_0_9
GlmGlau_E_0to9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
72
70% plant height affected, 20% coverage
PrecoResp_E_1to4
PRECO_1_4__RESP
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LRollSev_E_1to5
CIMMYT
20% plants with broken straw
2
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
AphDmg_E_pct
CIMMYT
APHDMG_pct
60% plant height affected, 60% coverage
66
70% plant height affected, 50% coverage
75
BOOTD_yyyymmdd
BOOTDATE
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BOOTD
CIMMYT
Boot_date_ymd
PHPRP_1_8__RESP
PherpResp_E_1to8
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
VgP_calc_day
VEGPERIOD_days
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
SpkPI_Calc_Idx
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
erect (E)
E
highly tolerant
5
RNDVI_M_Idx
RNDVI_index
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
very early (VE)
VE
33
30% plant height affected, 30% coverage
GLUD3_text
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GluD3_M_text
one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 1/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened
3
41
Booting, Flag leaf sheath extending
Threshblty_E_1to9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
THRESHBLTY_1_9
GSize_ScreenCount1_pct
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
90% plants with broken straw
9
BIRDDMG_1_5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BirdDmg_E_1to5
BirdDmg_N_T_S_M_V
resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules
R
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GAmyloPec_M_pct
WMFLRYELPIG_ppm
WMFlrYellPig_M_ppm
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
moderate susceptible
MS
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
STMSIZ _um
StomaSiz_M_um
very good (VG)
8
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PLNTSTND_pl_m2
PlntStnd_Calc_Plntm2
Nitrogen utilisation efficiency
JIC
NutE_Calc_kgkgN
Luzie U Wingen
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Amax_M_umolCO2m2s2
41
40% plant height affected, 10% coverage
ALVIe_pct
AlvIe_Calc_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GgtriInc_E_1to5
GGTRI_1_5_INC
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FNIVLB_pct__INC
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FnivLBInc_E_pct
FHBSpkInc_E_pct
FHB_pct__SPKINC
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
high
9
WKILL_0_9
WKill_E_0to9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
intermediate (M), lesions of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis
I
none
1
DTIB
Boot_dtoInit_day
DTIB_days
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
CIMMYT
STERIND_pct
SpkSterility_Calc_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
10% plant height affected, 20% coverage
12
3
Luzie U Wingen
GRNStarch_pct
GStarch_NIRS_pct
JIC
2
StmWallThk_M_um
STMTHK_um
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SepSpResp_E_1to5
SEPSP_1_5__RESP
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
RARSa_index
RARSa_M_Idx
Stem elongation or jointing, 6th node detectable
36
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GLng_M_mm
SS
semi-soft (SS, 51-55)
SemoProt_NIRS_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SEMOPROT _pct
CIMMYT
immune (0), no uredinia or other macroscopic sign of infection
I
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CRMSTR_1_5
CIMMYT
CrmStr_E_1to5
ANT
DTA_days
DAYSAN
CIMMYT
Ant_dto_day
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FlrProt_Kjl_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FLRPROT_pct
GRNYLD_t_ha
Yld_tha
GY_Calc_tha
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GY_tha
FolDis_E_1to5
FOLDIS_1_5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FoliarDis_N_T_S_M_V
CIMMYT
4
Purple
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
HRDCLS_1_4
GHrd_M_1to4
W/R
white/red
INSECTDMG_pct
CIMMYT
InsectDmg_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LeafTNecro_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LEAFTNECR _pct
CIMMYT
3
strong
InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
INFERTNO_tll_m
Heading, ¾ of head emerged
57
spreading (S)
S
3
purple to black
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LEAFLNG_cm
LeafLng_M_cm
PH_M_m
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PH_m
Resistant (R) - Very light pycnidial formation. Some coalescing of lesions mainly toward the leaf tip and in older leaf tissue.
R
Seedling development , 4 leaves unfolded
14
intermediate
5
P
purple
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TSPI_M_Idx
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SGNDmg_E_pct
ATRITDMG _pct
resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules
R
UtritInc_E_1to9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
UTRIT_1_9__INC
none (N)
1
Luzie U Wingen
JIC
STRNUP_Calc_kgha
very resistant, small uredinia surrounded by necrosis (1)
1
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TTM_calc_Cday
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
StmWSC_M_pct
STEMWSC_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
MgrisSev_E_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
STMLNG_cm
StmLng_M_cm
GHrd_M_1to5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
HRDCLS_1_5
MR
moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas
GrndCov_M_pct
GRNDCOV_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FLeafLLng_M_cm
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
ISBM_t_ha
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
ISBM_Calc_tha
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
RARSb_index
CIMMYT
RARSb_M_Idx
Germ_M_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GERM_pct
GermiTest_pct
20
20
FnivLBSev_E_00to99
FNIVLB_00_99__SEV
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
CIMMYT
PrecoInc_E_1to9
PRECO_1_9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
HGRAM_pct
HgramInc_E_pct
Booting, Flag leaf sheath opening
47
PGRAM_0_12__SEV
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PgramSev_E_0to12
3
Poor
GRNCOL_1_5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GCol_E_1to5
WMFLRSDS_ml
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
WMFlrSDS_M_ml
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
StdEst_E_1to3
5
moderate
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FROSTDMGP_pct
FrostDmg_E_pct
55
Heading, ½ of head emerged
1
very low
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FGRAM_pct__INC
FgramInc_E_pct
GFP_calc_day
GFILLPERIOD_days
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
dense to very dense
8
HtereSev_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
BSMV_E_0to9pct
BSMV_0_9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
86
80% plant height affected, 60% coverage
GY_PctChk_pct
YLDCHECK_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
excellent (E)
9
SrolfResp_E_1to8
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SROLF_1_8
CIMMYT
R
resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small lesions
JIC
Nitrogen harvest index
Luzie U Wingen
NHI_Calc_pct
NV
not vitreous (NV)
FoxiWilt_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FOXYWIL _pct
white
1
8
very high
VEGPERIOD_pct
VgP_calc_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
AGRSCR_1_9
AgrScr_E_1to9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
AVLG_mm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
AlvG_M_mm
CIMMYT
ISBM_E_1to5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GProt_NIRS_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GRNPROT_pct
GFP_calc_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GFILLPERIOD_pct
CIMMYT
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TanSpotSdlgResp_E_0to5
TANSPOT_0_5__SEEDRESP
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LI_M_pct
severe
5
BIRDDMG_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BirdDmg_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
HGRAM_0_9
HgramInc_E_0to9pct
CIMMYT
one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 4/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened
6
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
NPQI_M_Idx
NPQI_index
GW200_g
GW_M_g200grn
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
36
30% plant height affected, 60% coverage
CIMMYT
AwnCol_E_1to6
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
RsecaSev_E_pct
21
20% plant height affected, 10% coverage
61
Flowering or anthesis, Start of flowering
one or more sharp eyespot lesions on upper (as well as lower) sheaths but no symptoms on the stem
2
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PrecoResp_E_1to8
PRECO_1_8__ADLTRESP
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FmDA_M_Idx
GProt_Kjl_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GRNPROT_pct
S
Susceptible, small dark brown to black centres may or may not be distinguishable, most lesions consist of coalescing chlorotic or tan necrotic zones
PstriCI_Calc_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PSTRI_pct__CI
Dough development, Hard dough (thumbnail impression held)
87
WMFLRFN_s
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
WMFlrFN_M_s
GluB1_M_text
GLUB1_text
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GGTRI_pct__INC
GgtriInc_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
BM_Calc_tha
BM_t_ha
MixTq_M_pctmin
CIMMYT
MIXTQ_pct_min
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SPKDIS_1_5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
SpkDis_E_1to5
SpkDis_N_T_S_M_V
No visible infection on plants
0
60% plant height affected, 40% coverage
64
LEAFWID_mm
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LeafWid_M_mm
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CGR_Calc_gm2day
CIMMYT
Z
Heterogeneous, ordered distribution of variable-sized uredinia, with larger uredinia at leaf base (Z)
2
light-yellow (b
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SIPI_index
CIMMYT
SIPI_M_Idx
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
StrawBreak_E_1to9
CIMMYT
10% plant height affected, 50% coverage
15
67
60% plant height affected, 70% coverage
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
RSOLA_0_9
CIMMYT
RsolaInc_E_0to9pct
SPLSPK
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
SplN_Ct_SplSpk
SPLSPK_num
spikelets/spike
SEPSP_00_99__SEV
SepSpSev_E_00to99
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GrnSpl_Calc_GrnSpl
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GRNSPL_num
CIMMYT
grains/spikelet
GRNSPL
hard (H, <45)
H
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GRNCOL_L_value
GCol_M_Lvalue
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
SBMVInc_E_0to9pct
SBMV_0_9
GLUA1_text
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GluA1_M_text
37
30% plant height affected, 70% coverage
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FHBSplInc_Calc_Idx
FHB_index__SPLINC
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LeafR750R700_M_Idx
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BLKPT_0_9
CIMMYT
BlkPtInc_E_0to9pct
LeafThk_M_um
LEAFTHK_mm
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
APHDMG_1_5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
AphDmg_E_1to5
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FE_Calc_Idx
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
StrawYld_E_tha
NWI1_index
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
NWI1_M_Idx
very dense
9
very sparse to sparse
2
COLEOPLNG _cm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
ColeopLng_M_cm
W
weak (W)
FrostDmg_N_T_S_M_V
FROSTDMG_1_5__SPK
CIMMYT
FrostDmg_E_1to5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
HailDmg_E_1to5
HAILDMG_1_5
HailDmg_N_T_S_M_V
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
50% plants with broken straw
5
UtritInc_E_pct
UTRIT_pct__INC
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FLRYD
FlrYld_M_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FLRYLD
resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules
R
CIMMYT
TanSpotSev_E_00to99
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TANSPOT_00_99__SEV
TanSpotInc_E_pct
TANSPOT_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
LOFVOL_ml
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LofVol_M_ml
DTFND
FND_dto_day
FND
DTFND_days
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
red
R
3
intermediate
SepSPInc_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
SEPSP_pct__INC
intermediate to dense
6
STRIT_00_99__SEV
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
StritSev_E_00to99
CIMMYT
95
90% plant height affected, 50% coverage
78
70% plant height affected, 80% coverage
V
vitreous (V)
susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis
S
yellow (b>15)
3
Ripening, Kernel hard (difficult to divide, 16% water)
91
RUE_Calc_gMJ
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
MIXTYP_1_6
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
MixTyp_E_1to6
1
No breakage
2
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Lodg_E_0to9pct
LODG_0_9
M
moderate (M)
STMRES_s_m
StomaRes_M_sm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
7
awned (conspicuous)
Boot_dateInit_ymd
CIMMYT
IBD
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
IBD_yyyymmdd
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GLMLNG_mm
GlmLng_M_mm
1
One or more sharp eyespot lesions on lower sheaths but no symptoms on the stem
BLBSev_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
9
very high damage
TTTS_Calc_Cday
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
6
60% plants with broken straw
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FHB_num__SPLINC
CIMMYT
FHBSplInc_Ct_SplInfect
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FLeafLWid_M_mm
CIMMYT
GY_M_gPlnt
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GRNYLD_g_pl
very susceptible (VS), > 50 % of infection
VS
sparse
2
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PLNTSTND_pl_m
CIMMYT
PlntStnd_Ct_Plntm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GCol_M_avalue
GRNCOL_a_value
CIMMYT
DTM
MAT
DTM_days
DAYSMT
Mat_dto_day
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
HELSP_00_99
HelSpSev_E_00to99
Immune (Imm) - No pycnidial formation, no symptoms or occasional hypersensitive fleck.
Imm
PHORD_pct__CI
PhordCI_Calc_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
very low
2
1
absent
CIMMYT
TCONT_pct
TcontInc_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GlmPubDen_E_0to9
GLMPUBDEN _0_9
FgramSev_E_00to99
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FGRAM_00_99__SEV
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
WMFlrCol_M_bvalue
WMFLRCOL_b_value
CIMMYT
Fs_M_Idx
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
RLNDmg_E_pct
CIMMYT
RLESDMG_pct
NODENO _num
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
NodeNO_Ct_node
Nitrogen use efficiency
JIC
NUE_Calc_kgkgN
Luzie U Wingen
5
100% coverage
PhordInc_E_1to9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PHORD_1_9
GROWTHCLS_1_3
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GrwCls_E_1to3
CIMMYT
Stem elongation or jointing, Flag leaf just visible
37
GSize_ScreenMass2_pct
CIMMYT
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SLA_M_m2kg1
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Germination, Dry seed
00
moderately susceptible, medium-sized uredinia that may be associated with chlorosis (3)
3
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TllrCAPACITY_1_5
CIMMYT
TllrCapacity_E_1to5
good (G)
4
4
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FHB_ppm__DON
FHBDON_M_ppm
CIMMYT
WMFLRCOL_a_value
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
WMFlrCol_M_avalue
heterogeneous, ordered distribution of variable-sized uredinia, with larger uredinia at leaf tip (Y)
Y
CIMMYT
AlTol_E_1to9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
ALUTOL_1_9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
WormDmg_E_pct
WORMDMG_pct
CIMMYT
SPKDEN_1_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SpkDen_E_1to9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
HSATIL_pct__INC
HsatiLInc_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Wsurv_E_pct
Luzie U Wingen
JIC
StrawYld_Calc_tha
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
StmWSC_Atrone_pct
80% plant height affected, 10% coverage
81
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GThk_M_mm
FLRYELLCLS_1_3
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FlrYellCls_M_1to3
6
moderately susceptible to moderately tolerant
NDVI_M_Idx
NDVI_index
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PstriSdlgResp_E_0to8
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PSTRI_0_8__SEEDRESP
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
CT_M_C
CT_C
CIMMYT
RELTHD_1_5
Hd_relat_1to5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
RELTHD
RODDMG_pct
RodentDmg_E_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
80% plant height affected, 80% coverage
88
CIMMYT
LeafTR_M_mmolH2Om2s1
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LeafPubLng_M_um
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
LEAFPUBLNG _um
moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas
MR
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
LEAFGLAU_0_9
LeafGlau_E_0to9
Ripening, Seed not dormant
97
HI_index
HI_Calc_Idx
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PSTRI_text
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PstriNote_E_text
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
HESFDMG _pct
HesFlyDmg_E_pct
ISBM_M_gPlot
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
ISBM_g_plot
CIMMYT
70% plant height affected, 60% coverage
76
FND_date_ymd
FNDD_yyyymmdd
FNDD
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
THOUWT
TGW_g
TGW
GW_M_g1000grn
TKW
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
StmCol_E_1to6
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
ForgDM_E_pct
CIMMYT
GSize_ScreenMass6_pct
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PstriResp_E_0to9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PSTRI_0_9__RESP
CIMMYT
3
1
shrivelled (SH)
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
TINDI_pct
TindiInc_E_pct
CIMMYT
TNO_tll_pl
TN_Ct_TllrPlnt
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PGRAM_1_8__ADLTRESP
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PgramResp_E_1to8
14
10% plant height affected, 40% coverage
low
3
00
no disease
highly susceptible
1
94
90% plant height affected, 40% coverage
8
18
10% plant height affected, 80% coverage
JIC
GNitr_NIRS_pct
Luzie U Wingen
GRN_pct
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Ci_M_umolCO2mol1
BM_g_pl
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BM_M_gPlnt
MS
Moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded with chlorotic or tan necrostic zones, some of the lesions coalescing
LeafR550_M_Idx
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Lodg_E_0to5pct
LODG_0_5
CIMMYT
AgrScr_E_0to9
AGRSCR_0_9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PEDLNG _cm
PedLng_M_cm
CIMMYT
TtritInc_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
TTRIT _pct__INC
CIMMYT
AnthExt_E_0to9
Bhoja Basnet, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SnodoInc_E_pct
SNODO_pct__INC
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GRNH20_pct
GMoi_E_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
STMFRQ
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
STMFRQ_num
StomaFrq_Ct_stomamm2
40% plant height affected, 30% coverage
43
92
90% plant height affected, 20% coverage
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GYellBer_M_pct
YELBER_pct
96
90% plant height affected, 60% coverage
4
lax to intermediate
PrecoResp_E_0to4
PRECO_0_4__RESP
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
HTERE_pct__INC
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
HtereInc_E_pct
CIMMYT
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BLSSev_E_00to99
BLS_00_99
severe
5
GRNPHOS_mg_kg
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GPhos_M_mgkg
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FHB_pct__GRNINC
CIMMYT
FHBGInc_E_pct
FROSTDMGP_0_9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FrostDmg_E_0to9
CIMMYT
LodgInc_N_T_S_M_V
LODG_1_5
Lodg_E_1to5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
red to brown
2
I
facultative (intermediate)
CIMMYT
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GSize_ScreenMass5_pct
FHB_0_5__SPKRESP
FHBSpkResp_E_0to5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
CIMMYT
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GSize_ScreenMass1_pct
2
good (G)
20% plant height affected, 70% coverage
27
TilSpSpkInc_E_pct
TILSP_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GLMPUBLNG_um
GlmPubLng_M_um
GLMCOL_1_3
GlmCol_E_1to3
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
5
50% anther extrusion
severe
9
PH_M_cm
PH_cm
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GNDVI_M_Idx
GNDVI_index
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GCol_E_1to3
CIMMYT
GRNCOL_1_3
absent
0
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Shattering_E_pct
SHATTERING_pct
T1BL1RS_M_0to1
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
T1BL1RS_0_1
5
leaf is severely rolled
ANTDMG_pct
AntDmg_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
BM_Calc_kgha
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
BM_kg_ha
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
BLB_00_99__SEV
BLBSev_E_00to99
1
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FmLA_M_Idx
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
DROUGHTTOL_pct
DroughtTol_E_pct
BYDInc_E_0to9pct
BYD_0_9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GWid_M_mm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
13
Seedling development , 3 leaves unfolded
leaf rim starts to roll
2
rolled leaf rim covers part of leaf blade
4
FlrCol_M_Lvalue
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FLRCOL_L_value
Susceptible (S) - Moderate pycnidial formation, lesions coalescing considerably.
S
60
60
47
40% plant height affected, 70% coverage
30% plants with broken straw
3
50
50
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LRollInc_E_pct
hard (H)
H
30% plant height affected, 90% coverage
39
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PhiCO2_M_Idx
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Yld_kgha
GY_kgha
GRNYLD_kg_ha
GY_Calc_kgha
RootDis_E_1to5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
ROOTDIS_1_5
RootDis_N_T_S_M_V
2
moderately resistant, small to medium uredinia often surrounded by Chlorosis or necrosis, green island may be surrounded by chlorotic or necrotic border (2)
PRECO_0_8__SEEDRESP
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PrecoSdlgResp_E_0to8
CIMMYT
FvLA_M_Idx
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
5
one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 3/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened
DnoxiDmg_E_pct
DNOXI_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
40% plant height affected, 50% coverage
45
moderately susceptible
5
80% plants with broken straw
8
SawflyDmg_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CPYGM_pct
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
RUET_Calc_gMJ
CIMMYT
29
20% plant height affected, 90% coverage
R
resistant
Luzie U Wingen
JIC
BMNUE_Calc_kgkgN
high
7
60% plant height affected, 20% coverage
62
GY_M_gPlot
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PLOTGRNYLD_g
4
SE
semi-erect (SE)
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
AGRSCR_1_5
AgrScr_E_1to5
S
short (S)
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TTA_Calc_Cday
CIMMYT
TSpl_date_ymd
TSD
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TSD_yyyymmdd
CIMMYT
1
very poor (VP)
2
poor (P)
Tillering, Main shoot and 7 Tillers
27
PSTRI_pct__SEV
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PstriSev_E_pct
low to intermediate damage
4
4
susceptible to moderately susceptible
VH
very hard (VH)
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GLys_M_pct
71
70% plant height affected, 10% coverage
Ripening, Secondary dormancy
98
intermediate
5
susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis
S
medium strong (MS)
MS
CIMMYT
GYPR_Calc_gm2day
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GRNSPK
grains/spike
GrnSpk_Calc_GrnSpk
GRNSPK_num
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GY_gm2
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Yld_gm2
CIMMYT
GRNYLD_g_m2
GY_Calc_gm2
trace (T)
2
30% plant height affected, 10% coverage
31
CIMMYT
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GSize_ScreenCount6_pct
no visible infection (0)
0
TNO_tll_m2
TN_Ct_Tllrm2
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FLEAFA _cm2
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FLeafA_M_cm2
30% (11.1% occupied by uredia)
30
1
20% coverage
moderately susceptible to susceptible (MS-S)
MS-S
poor (P)
2
Fusiform
1
VT
very tall (VT)
very poor (VP)
0
susceptible, large uredinia without chlorosis (4)
4
BYD_pct
BYDInc_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
STMDIA_mm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
StmDia_M_mm
CIMMYT
RSECA_00_99__SEV
RsecaSev_E_00to99
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
TllrGW_M_g
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha
>90% anther extrusion
9
low
2
6
InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm2
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
INFERTNO_tll_m2
10% plant height affected, 90% coverage
19
UAGRO_1_8__RESP
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
UagroResp_E_1to8
JIC
GPD_Calc_pct
Luzie U Wingen
5
intermediate
Tillering, Main shoot and 5 Tillers
25
2
very low to low
solid
3
Mat_relat_1to6
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
RELTMT
RELTMT_1_6
18
Seedling development , 8 leaves unfolded
WMFlrAsh_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
99
Ripening, Secondary dormancy lost
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FoLA_M_Idx
CIMMYT
early (E)
E
DR
DTDR_days
CIMMYT
DTDR
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
DRidge_dto_day
PSTRI_0_12__SEV
PstriSev_E_0to12
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
InsectDmg_E_1to5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
InsectDmg_N_T_S_M_V
INSECTDMG_1_5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FLRFN _s
FlrFN_M_s
2
very low damage
NupE_Calc_kgkgN
Luzie U Wingen
JIC
51
50% plant height affected, 10% coverage
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
STMCOND_mmol_m2_s
StomaCond_M_mmolm2s
YLDFAC_num
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GYFac_Calc_num
medium hard (MH)
MH
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
MATD_yyyymmdd
MATD
Mat_date_ymd
CIMMYT
MATDATE
Luzie U Wingen
JIC
AGBMNitr_M_pct
GluTyp_E_1to5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GLUTYP_1_5
89
80% plant height affected, 90% coverage
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SNAILDMG_pct
SnailDmg_E_pct
20% plant height affected, 80% coverage
28
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FLeafSen_E_pct
FLEAFSEN_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GReten_M_pct
GRNRETEN_pct
RARSc_index
RARSc_M_Idx
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Awns_E_0to1
AWNS_0_1
JIC
Luzie U Wingen
GrndCov_GS15_pct
GRNDCOV_pct__GS15
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
70
70
GrwStg_Zdks_00to99
DECODS
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GRWSTG_00_99
10
Seedling development , First leaf emerged
moderately resistant
MR
61
60% plant height affected, 10% coverage
StmStrength_E_1to9
STMSTRENGTH_1_9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CropGrwRate_Calc_gm2day
CIMMYT
CROPGRWRATE_g_m2_day
SEMOYELPIG_ppm
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SemoYellPig_M_ppm
Stem elongation or jointing, 4th node detectable
34
AtritResp_E_1to8
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
ATRIT _1_8__RESP
red
R
1
present
PgramCI_Calc_pct
PGRAM_pct__CI
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
very early (VE)
1
59
Heading, Emergence of head complete
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PNEGLE_pct
PnegleDmg_E_pct
StritResp_E_0to5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
STRIT_0_5__RESP
late (L)
5
5
very good (VG)
Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded by a distinct chlorotic or tan necrosis
MR-MS
90
90
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Anet_M_umolCO2m2s2
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CookSdF_M_Idx
COKSDF_index
CIMMYT
85
80% plant height affected, 50% coverage
1
weak
STMSOL_1_3
StmSol_E_1to3
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
SNO_spk_m2
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
SN_Calc_Spksm2
moderately Susceptible (MS), medium-sized lesions, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible
MS
CIMMYT
Bhoja Basnet, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
AnthExt_E_pct
2
Moderate
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
StrawCol_E_1to6
25
20% plant height affected, 50% coverage
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GY_M_kgPlot
PLOTGRNYLD_kg
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FlrCol_M_bvalue
CIMMYT
FLRCOL_b_value
40
40% (14.8% occupied by uredia)
moderate to high
6
40% plant height affected, 60% coverage
46
DTTS
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
TSpl_dto_day
DTTS_days
TestWt_M_gl
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TESTWT_g_l
40% coverage
4
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FROSTDMGP_1_9
FrostDmg_E_1to9
70% plant height affected, 40% coverage
74
PrecoCI_Calc_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PRECO_pct__CI
CIMMYT
LAI_Calc_Idx
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LAI_index
CIMMYT
RachLng_M_mm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Kernel and milk development, Medium milk (milky liquid)
75
9
head prematurely ripened (whitehead) or plant collapsed with sharp eyespot lesions on the stem, or shoot killed as the ear emerges from the sheath with sharp eyespot lesions on the shoot
30% plant height affected, 40% coverage
34
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LeafR750R550_M_Idx
CIMMYT
2
intermediate
GlmWid_M_mm
GLMWID_mm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
52
50% plant height affected, 20% coverage
very good (VG)
3
X
heterogeneous, random distribution of variable-sized uredinia on single leaf (X)
4
Clavate
9
90% coverage
susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis
S
20% plant height affected, 40% coverage
24
80% plant height affected, 20% coverage
82
R
Resistant, small dark brown to black spots without any surrounding chlorosis or tan necrosis
PRECO_text
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PrecoNote_E_text
T
tall (T)
1
very low
PhotopResp_E_1to9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PHOTORESPO_1_9
CIMMYT
9
very good (VG)
GluB3_M_text
CIMMYT
GLUB3_text
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GSize_ScreenCount2_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
WMFlrCol_M_Lvalue
WMFLRCOL_L_value
SH
semi-hard (SH, 45-55)
moderate to high
8
very resistant (VR), average pycnidial density of 0-5%
VR
3
poor (P)
0
insensitive
soft (S, >55)
S
No symptom of sharp eyespot
0
susceptible
2
0
none
Stem elongation or jointing, 3rd node detectable
33
1
Good
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
NeckBreak_E_pct
NBREAK_pct
P
purple
COLDTOL_1_5
ColdTol_E_1to5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
30% plant height affected, 20% coverage
32
Stem elongation or jointing, 1st node detectable
31
Black
3
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
RSpkGP_Calc_pct
CIMMYT
acronym
40% plant height affected, 80% coverage
48
Germination, Leaf just at coleoptile tip
09
very poor to poor (VP-P)
2
93
Ripening, Kernel loosening in daytime
51
Heading, First spikelet of head visible
7
one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 5/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened
TTIB_Calc_Cday
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
EgramInc_E_1to5
CIMMYT
EGRAM_1_5__INC
CIMMYT
TN_Ct_Tllrm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TNO_tll_m
leaf has shape of a V
3
24
Tillering, Main shoot and 4 Tillers
1
no damage
0
6
GFibre_NIRS_pct
JIC
GRNFibre_pct
Luzie U Wingen
awnless
0
HERBDMG_1_5
HerbDmg_N_T_S_M_V
HerbicideDmg_E_1to5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
8
good to very good (G-VG)
very susceptible
VS
20
20% (7.4% occupied by uredia)
WKILL_pct
CIMMYT
WKill_E_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GRNZINC_mg_kg
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GZinc_M_mgkg
CIMMYT
8
95
Ripening, Seed dormant
fair to good (F-G)
6
3
low damage
soft (S)
S
3
60% coverage
10
10
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha
GrnTllr_Calc_GrnTllr
73
Kernel and milk development, Early milk (liquid off -white)
FvDA_M_Idx
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Awns_E_0to9
AWNS_0_9
Booting, Boot swollen
45
JIC
GNUP_Calc_kgha
Luzie U Wingen
Dough development, Early dough (elastic, dry and shiny)
83
35
30% plant height affected, 50% coverage
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
REPPERIOD_days
RepP_Calc_day
one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 2/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened
4
35
Stem elongation or jointing, 5th node detectable
73
70% plant height affected, 30% coverage
immune
I
SH
semi-hard (SH, 45-50)
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
GSize_E_1to3
GRNSIZE_1_3
very low
2
11
10% plant height affected, 10% coverage
Booting, First awns visible
49
17
10% plant height affected, 70% coverage
50% plant height affected, 70% coverage
57
R
resistant (R), average pycnidial density of 5-15%
H
hard (H, <45)
S
Strong (S)
5
very severe (V)
5
22
Tillering, Main shoot and 2 Tillers
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FHBSpkWt_Calc_pct
CIMMYT
FHB_pct__SPKW
Very susceptible (VS), large, abundant pycnidia, lesions coalescing extensively
VS
Mixed
6
Prostrate (P)
P
No visible affection
0
VR
very resistance
70% (25.9% occupied by uredia)
70
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SemoProt_Kjl_pct
SEMOPROT _pct
CIMMYT
Moderately-resistant, small dark brown to black spots with very little chlorosis or tan necrosis
MR
R
resistant (R), 1 to 8 % of infection
susceptible (S), large lesions, no necrosis or chlorosis
S
medium (M)
M
nearly immune, no uredinia, but hypersensitive necrotic or chlorotic flecks present (,)
,
9
unrolled, turgid
1
90% (33.3% occupied by uredia)
90
Kernel and milk development, Kernel watery ripe (clear liquid)
71
ALVL_mm
AlvL_M_mm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
MR-MS
Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded by a distinct chlorotic or tan necrosis
REPPERIOD_pct
RepP_Calc_pct
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
SPKLNG_cm
SpkLng_M_cm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
Dough development, Soft dough (firm, thumbnail mark not held)
85
7
moderately tolerant
56
50% plant height affected, 60% coverage
BM_g_plot
BM_M_gPlot
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PLNTVIG_1_5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PlntVig_E_1to5
8
80% anther extrusion
16
Seedling development , 6 leaves unfolded
CIMMYT
PhiPS2_M_Idx
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
RELTMT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
RELTMT_1_5
Mat_relat_1to5
7
high
Germination, Imbibition complete
03
BM_Calc_gm2
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
BM_g_m2
MS
medium soft (MS)
5
fair (F)
5
SS
semi-spreading (SS)
MR
moderately resistant (MR), small lesions surrounded by necrotic areas
8
high to very high damage
high damage
7
7
good to very good (G-VG)
Dough development, Very early dough (slides when crushed)
81
attribute
intermediate (M), pustules of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis
I
MR
Moderately-resistant, small dark brown to black spots with very little chlorosis or tan necrosis
80
80
dense to very dense
8
80% coverage
4
large
3
PlntStnd_Ct_PlntPlot
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
PLNTSTND_pl_plot
intermediate damage
5
low to moderate
4
20% coverage
2
9
very dense
SEMOCOL_b_value
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SemoCol_M_bvalue
87
80% plant height affected, 70% coverage
Amber
5
dense
4
1
none
43
Booting, Boot just visibly swollen
very dense
5
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
HEATTTOL_1_5
HeatTol_E_1to5
S
Susceptible, small dark brown to black centres may or may not be distinguishable, most lesions consist of coalescing chlorotic or tan necrotic zones
1
10% anther extrusion
winter
W
Germination, Water uptake (imbibition) started
01
2
40% coverage
soft (S, >55)
S
30
Stem elongation or jointing, Pseudo stem erection
moderate
7
53
Heading, ¼ of head emerged
5
LM
light moderate
3
30% coverage
50% plant height affected, 50% coverage
55
6
intermediate to high damage
Tillering, Main shoot and 1 Tiller
21
tolerant
4
very poor (VP)
1
S
susceptible (S), 21 to 50 % of infection
SNO_spk_m
SN_M_Spksm
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
1
1% (0.37% occupied by uredia)
immune, no uredinia or other macroscopic sign of infection (0)
I
GSize_ScreenMass3_pct
CIMMYT
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
1
lax
3
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FvDAFmDA_M_Idx
12
Seedling development , 2 leaves unfolded
65
Flowering or anthesis, Flowering half complete
ISBM_Calc_kgha
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
ISBM_kg_ha
CIMMYT
CIMMYT
Lodg_E_1to9
LODG_1_9
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
low
2
4
normal, similar to local check (N)
highly susceptible
1
low to medium
4
60
60% (22.2% occupied by uredia)
90% plant height affected, 80% coverage
98
4
low to intermediate
red/white
R/W
13
10% plant height affected, 30% coverage
awnletted (short)
3
05
Germination, Radicle emerged from seed
early to normal (E-N)
3
92
Ripening, Kernel hard (not dented by thumbnail)
6
50
50% (18.5% occupied by uredia)
99
90% plant height affected, 90% coverage
79
70% plant height affected, 90% coverage
4
40% plants with broken straw
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
StmWSC_NIR_pct
CIMMYT
No anther extrusion
0
23
Tillering, Main shoot and 3 Tillers
Kernel and milk development, Late milk (more solids in milk)
77
70% plant height affected, 70% coverage
77
90% plant height affected, 30% coverage
93
poor to fair (P-F)
4
17
Seedling development , 7 leaves unfolded
97
90% plant height affected, 70% coverage
tenacious (T)
T
3
30% anther extrusion
high
4
W
white
1
very sparse
6
60% anther extrusion
7
good (G)
60% plant height affected, 80% coverage
68
4
40% anther extrusion
50% plant height affected, 40% coverage
54
moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible
MS
Resistant, small dark brown to black spots without any surrounding chlorosis or tan necrosis
R
70% coverage
7
Oblong
3
7
dense
7
partly vitreous (PV)
PV
S
susceptible
BMPR_Calc_gm2day
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
3
poor to fair (P-F)
moderately susceptible (MS), 12 to 20 % of infection
MS
VS
very short (VS)
11
Seedling development , First leaf unfolded
Wheat ontology
0
0% (no uredia)
Moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded with chlorotic or tan necrostic zones, some of the lesions coalescing
MS
1
trace
50% plant height affected, 30% coverage
53
moderately susceptible to susceptible (MS-S)
MS-S
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CIMMYT
FvLAFmLA_M_Idx
medium to high
6
65
60% plant height affected, 50% coverage
medium
3
intermediate to moderate
6
CIMMYT
LeafPSSRb_M_Idx
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
9
MR
moderately resistant (MR), average pycnidial density coverage of 15-30%
very late (VL)
6
94
Ripening, Overripe, straw dead and collapsing
HR
Highly Resistant (HR) - No or only occasional isolated pycnidia formed, particularly in older leaf tissue, hypersensitive flecking in younger leaf tissue.
70% anther extrusion
7
5
5% (1.85% occupied by uredia)
medium
5
sparse
3
30
30
69
60% plant height affected, 90% coverage
medium
2
entity
moderately resistant (MR), 9 to 11 % of infection
MR
3
medium
10% coverage
1
R-MR
resistant to moderately resistance (R-MR)
2
mid-strong
3
low
Mixed
6
32
Stem elongation or jointing, 2nd node detectable
8
high to very high
80% (29.6% occupied by uredia)
80
fair to good (F-G)
5
96
Ripening, 50% of viable seed germinates
intermadiate to dense
6
50% coverage
5
moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some clorosis possible
MS
FoDA_M_Idx
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
100% (37% occupied by uredia)
100
4
high
80% plant height affected, 40% coverage
84
63
60% plant height affected, 30% coverage
26
20% plant height affected, 60% coverage
4
fair (F)
4
highly tolerant
9
MR
moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas
8
stem softened with sharp eyespot lesions on the stem
80% coverage
8
6
good (G)
30% plant height affected, 80% coverage
38
22
20% plant height affected, 20% coverage
late (L)
L
7
70% plants with broken straw
slight (S)
3
1
White
intermediate
3
very high
9
40% plant height affected, 40% coverage
44
Seedling development , 5 leaves unfolded
15
40% plant height affected, 20% coverage
42
Stem elongation or jointing, Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible
39
58
50% plant height affected, 80% coverage
7
dense
40
40
sparse to intermediate
4
white
W
susceptible
3
29
Tillering, Main shoot and 9 or more Tillers 89 Late hard dough (difficult to dent)
M
moderate
23
20% plant height affected, 30% coverage
WT
weak-tenacious (WT)
2
Branched
1
none
69
Flowering or anthesis, Flowering complete
MS
moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible
Maximal level of fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf.
FmLA Measurement
Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements.
LeafTR Measurement
Waterlogging damage
Plants killed as a result of winter conditions.
WtrLoggDmg
Waterlogging damage
GrwStg
Growth stage
Growth/developmental stages based on Zadoks decimal code.
Growth stage
Fruiting efficiency
FE
Fruiting efficiency
The final outcome of the floret developmental rates (determining the number of floret primordia that reach the stage of fertile florets at anthesis) and the proportion of grain set per fertile floret (the opposite to grain abortion), per unit of spike weight.
Rust severity Estimation
Severity of rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection.
Winter survival
Winter survival
Ability to survive or withstand cold temperatures in the late fall, winter, or early spring.
Wsurv
Calculated as the above ground biomass divided by the total soil Nitrogen.
BMNUE Computation
Standard method for semolina yellow pigment.
SemoYellPig Measurement
Semolina protein content
SemoProt
Protein content in durum wheat semolina.
Protein content
GYFac Computation
Standard method for yield factor
t/ha
AlvG
Dough alveograph value G
G stands for the square root of the volume of air in the bubble that was possible before the bubble burst. shows how flexible the dough was during the test.
Alveograph value G
Measurement of flour/whole meal/grain color with the Minolta chromameter, L value represents whiteness, a* value (reddishness) represents red and green colors and b* value (yellowness) represents yellow and blue colors. Using the Minolta Chroma Meter Test: 1. A sample of flour/whole meal/grain is placed on the granular materials attachment and compacted, 2. The Minolta Chroma Meter is inserted into the granular materials attachment, 3. Measurements are taken and recorded, 4.Color results are reported in terms of 3-dimensional color values based on the following rating scale: L* value whiteness: 100 white, 0 black, a* value positive +60 red color, negative values -60 green color, b* value positive +60 yellow color, negative values -60 blue color.
Minolta Chroma Meter Test
Septoria blotch incidence
Septoria blotch incidence
Septoria blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species.
SepSPInc
The above ground biomass production per total Nitrogen available to a plant.
BMNUE
Above ground biomass nitrogen efficiency
Nitrogen Use Efficiency
Mat DS87 date Estimation
Record date of physiological maturity (approx. DS87). It is estimated as when the grain reaches the maximum dry weight and the grain becomes viable. It is most easily determined in-field when 50% of the peduncles are ripe (i.e., yellow).
Leaf rust severity
Leaf rust (brown rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita.
PrecoSev
Leaf rust severity
StmSol Estimation
Standard method for stem solidness.
µmol CO2/m2/s
Record date of heading (DS55) when 50% of the spike is emerged (i.e., middle of the spike at the flag leaf ligule) on 50% of all stems.
Hd DS55 date Estimation
RootRot
Common root rot incidence
Common root rot incidence in the plants caused by the agents Cochliobolus sativus, fusarium spp., and Pythium species.
Common root rot incidence
LeafPSSRb Measurement
Standard method for spectral reflectance.
Standard method for stomatal size.
StomaSiz Measurement
TllrGW Measurement
The weight of the grain taken per tiller.
0-5 incidence scale
Standard method for wheat bacterial leaf blight severity.
BLBSev Estimation
Grain weight usually expressed as weight of single, one hundred, two hundred or thousand grains.
GW
Grain weight
Weight
PlntStnd Computation
Calculate number of plant per area.
SpkSterility Computation
Standard method for sterility index computation.
TTA Computation
Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until anthesis (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2.
Plant tolerance to soil salinity.
SaltTol
Salinity tolerance
Salinity tolerance
%
1-5 TOL scale
Grain Nitrogen content
GNitr
Whole-grain Nitrogen content.
Nitrogen content
Spike dry weight
Spike dry weight
Dry weight of spike(s).
SpkDW
Moisture content is determined by drying a grain wheat sample in an air oven and comparing the weight of the sample before and after heating. The amount of weight loss is the moisture content. Moisture content results are expressed as a percentage.
GMoi Estimation
LeafThk
Thickness
Leaf thickness
Measurement of leaf thickness.
SDS-PAGE electrophoresis
1. Extract storage proteins (glutenins/gliadins) from wheat grain, 2. Separate glutenins from gliadins, 3. Run proteins extracts in polyacrylamide gels, 4. Stain the gel and de-stain, 5. Identify the allele for each locus.
1-3 GRNCOL scale
Booting thermal time
TTB
Booting thermal time
Thermal Time from emergence to Booting (GS45).
TilSpSpkInc Estimation
Common bunt incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row.
g/100 grain
Insect damage
The plant damage caused by insects.
Insect damage
InsectDmg
Barley scald severity
Barley scald severity
Barley scald severity in the plants caused by the agent Rhynchosporium secalis.
RsecaSev
Number of grains per tiller.
GRATIL
Grain number per tiller
Grain number
LeafPSSRa Measurement
Standard method for spectral reflectance.
TTB Computation
Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until booting (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2.
0-8 Rust infection type
Standard method for russian wheat aphid damage.
DnoxiDmg Estimation
Structural independent pigment index uses wavelengths showing the best semi-empirical estimation of the carotenoid chlorophyll a ratio (car:chla ratio), and its formulation minimizes the disrupting effects of leaf surface and mesophyll structure.
Structural independent pigment index
SIPI
Canopy structural independent pigment index
Width of whole grain.
Width
GWid
Grain width
CGR Computation
It is measured during rapid spike growth phase. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Then, CRG is the production of biomass per day between initiation of booting and seven days after anthesis. Calculated as (Biomass 7DAA/m2 - Biomass InB/m2)/Days from InB to 7DAA.
AntDmg
The plant damage caused by ants.
Ant damage
Ant damage
ppm
Emer DS10 days Computation
Number of days from sowing to the seedling emergence (DS10).
Is the result of dividing sedimentation volume by flour protein content.
Flour SDS sedimentation index
Sedimentation index
SedIdx
Radiation Use Efficiency
Radiation use efficiency
The amount of biomass produced per unit of intercepted solar radiation.
RUE_T
Content of deoxynivalenol or don (vomitoxin) that is often associated with fhb (fusarium spp.) infected grains.
Fusarium head blight DON content
FHBDON
Fusarium head blight DON content
Glume width
Width of glume.
Width
GlmWid
index
Standard method for stem length.
StmLng Measurement
Standard method for glume width.
GlmWid Measurement
Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic.
PnegleDmg Estimation
Wall thickness
Stem wall thickness.
Stem wall thickness
StmWallThk
Fusarium head blight spike response
FHBSpkResp
Fusarium head blight spike response
Fusarium head blight (scab) spike response caused by the agent fusarium spp.
RARSc
Rarsc is an estimation of carotenoid content.
Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid
Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid
NodeN Counting
Standard method for node number.
Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration
Leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration
Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration.
Ci
Tip necrosis
Leaf tip necrosis incidence
LeafTNecro
A physiological phenomenon caused by hot, dry and windy weather. the whole tip of the flag leaf tends to be necrotic and will often fold over. leaf tip necrosis progresses from the margins of the flag leaf tip and lower leaves as well show some signs of it. leaf tip necrosis is observed to some extent in all wheat varieties containing the leaf rust gene resistance gene lr34.
Tan spot seedling response
Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) response in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin.
Tan spot seedling response
TanSpotSdlgResp
Standard method for loose smut incidence.
UtritInc Estimation
CCI
1-3 HRDCLS scale
Water soluble carbohydrates accumulate up to and around anthesis and are partitioned to the stem, from where they are later available as a reservoir for remobilization to the developing grains. These reserves are an important source of carbon for grain filling.
Stem water soluble carbohydrate
Water soluble carbohydrate content
StmWSC
GrwStg Zadoks Estimation
Observe the growth stage or development stage (DS) of wheat plants using the Zadoks scale decimal code, based on 10 major stages, with each stage divided into sub-stages.
LeafR675
Leaf spectral reflectance 675 nm
Spectral reflectance
The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R675 nm wavelength.
FHBSplInc
Fusarium head blight spikelet incidence
Fusarium head blight spikelet incidence
Fusarium head blight (scab) spikelets incidence caused by the agent fusarium spp.
Leaf spectral reflectance 750/550 nm
The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R750/R550 nm wavelength.
Spectral reflectance
LeafR750R700
FgramSev Estimation
Standard method for Fusarium graminearum severity.
GSize Estimation
Visual observation of grains size.
Grain size
Grain size.
Size
GSize
HesFlyDmg Estimation
Standard method for hessian fly damage.
AlvP
Dough alveograph value P
P value is the force required to blow the bubble of dough. it is indicated by the maximum height of the curve.
Alveograph value P
StmWSC NIR Measurement
Water soluble carbohydrates of stem dry weight measured with NIRs.
GrnSpk Computation
The number of grains per spike can be measured independently by threshing a known number of randomly selected spikes per plot (10-20 spikes per plot) or can be calculated as: Grains per spike (GSP) = grains m2 / spikes m2.
text
RachLng Measurement
Standard method for rachis length.
GVtr
Vitreousness
One of the key quality parameters in the determination of durum quality referring to translucent or glass-like appearance when seeds are transversely sectioned and observed whether not vitreous/partly vitreous/vitreous. it is associated with high protein and hard grain.
Grain vitreousness
Height
Height of plant from ground to top of spike, excluding awns.
PH
Plant height
g/MJ
Dough alveograph P/L
AlvPL
Alveograph P/L
Ratio of tenacity (p, maximum pressure required for the deformation of the sample) and extensibility (l, length of the curve) of dough.
BSMV
Barley stripe mosaic incidence in the plants caused by barley stripe mosaic virus.
Barley stripe mosaic incidence
Barley stripe mosaic incidence
HtereSev
Net blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (Helminthosporium teres).
Net blotch severity
Net blotch severity
Standard method for In-season aboveground biomass.
ISBM Estimation
Awn length.
Awn length
AwnLng
Length
mmol/m2/s
Standard method for loaf volume.
LofVol Measurement
Lysine content
Grain lysine content
GLys
Lysine content of the kernel/grain.
Image Analysis Screen Count4
Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.2 ? 2.0 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.
FlrFN Measurement
1. A 7-gram sample of ground wheat or flour is weighed and combined with 25 milliliter of distilled water in a glass falling number tube with a stirrer and shaken to form a slurry. When grinding a wheat sample to perform a falling number test, it should be at least 300 grams to assure a representative sample, 2. As the slurry is heated in a boiling water bath at 100° Centigrade and stirred constantly, the starch gelatinizes and forms a thick paste, 3. The time it takes the stirrer to drop through the paste is recorded as the falling number value.
Observation of hybrid necrosis.
HNecro
Hybrid necrosis incidence
Plant hybrid necrosis incidence
Dough alveograph extensibility index
It is the extensibility index of the dough. (p200/p)*100, p200: pressure (p) at 4 cm (l= 40mm) of the curve.
Alveograph extensibility index
AlvIe
Standard method for stem color.
StmCol Estimation
SawflyDmg Estimation
Standard method for sawfly damage.
Color
Whole meal flour color
WMFlrCol
The whole meal flour color.
delta 13C
Standard method for flag leaf lamina width.
FLeafLWid Measurement
Stripe rust notes
Stripe rust notes
Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici.
PstriNote
Septoria tritici blotch response in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally.
StritResp
Septoria tritici blotch plant response
Septoria tritici blotch plant response
SR
Canopy simple ratio
Simple ratio
A vegetation index related with canopy structure, light absorption and photosynthetic capacity.
TSPI Computation
True Stem Coefficient = True stem DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of true stem is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant.
Standard method for leaf pubescence length.
LeafPubLng Measurement
Bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia laevis (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt).
Tilletia laevis bunt incidence
TlaevInc
Tilletia laevis bunt incidence
PhordCI
Barley leaf rust coefficient of infection
Barley leaf rust incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei.
Barley leaf rust coefficient of infection
0-9 scoring scale
StmStrength Estimation
Standard method for stem strength.
0-9 DAMAGE scale
plant/m2
Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light and CO2.
Amax
Leaf light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis
Light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis
GlmGlau Estimation
Standard method for glume glaucousness.
RSpkGP Computation
Phase period where the spike growth the most regarding the whole crop cycle and can be calculated as (anthesis date-initiation of booting date)/days to maturity *100.
Lodg Estimation
Estimate of the area lodged in the sampled plot.
Standard method for straw strength.
StrawStn Estimation
SpkPho Computation
Textile treatment is used to inhibit photosynthesis of the spikes through shading(comparison between control and treated spikes). Randomly selected spikes (for example: 12 spikes) per plot are covered with a special designed textile 10 days after anthesis under irrigation and drought or 10 days after heading under heat environments. Then, at physiological maturity the spikes are harvested together with 12 control spikes and the number of grains and weight are recorded and compared the treated spikes with the control ones (Sanchez-Bragado et al., 2016).
VgP Computation
Calculated as time between emergence (DS10) and first node detectable (DS31) as percentage of crop cycle duration.
1-5 HRDCLS scale
Net blotch incidence
Net blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (helminthosporium teres).
Net blotch incidence
HtereInc
GWid Measurement
Standard method for whole grain width.
0-9 density scale
Whole meal flour yellow pigment content
Whole meal flour yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds.
Yellow pigment content
WMFlrYellPig
Snail damage
SnailDmg
Snail damage
The plant damage caused by snails.
Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.2 mm - 2.0 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.
Image Analysis Screen Mass4
1-3 GLMCOL scale
Fusarium head blight AUDPC
Fusarium head blight AUDPC
FHBAUDPC
Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp.
1-9 TOL scale
1. A sample of 60 grams or 250 grams of flour is mixed with a salt solution to form a dough. 2. The dough is sheeted, rested and inflated in the Chopin Alveograph, 2. Five 4.5 centimeter circular dough patties are formed and then rested in the alveograph in a temperature-regulated compartment at 25 degrees Celsius for approximately 20 minutes, 3. Each dough patty is tested individually. The alveograph blows air into a dough patty, which expands into a bubble that eventually breaks, 4. The pressure inside the bubble is recorded as a curve on graph paper. The alveograph determines the gluten strength of a dough by measuring the force required to blow and break a bubble of dough. The results include P Value, L Value, and W Value.
ALVEOGRAPH determination AACC 54-30 A
Glaucousness in glume.
Glaucousness
Glume glaucousness
GlmGlau
Ant
Anthesis time
Anthesis or flowering time is the period during which a flower is fully open and functional. pollination and fertilization occur during this period.
Anthesis time
Stem color
StmCol
Color of the stems.
Color
Spike awnedness
Awns
Observation of awn type whether awnless/awnletted (short awns)/awned (conspicious awns).
Awnedness
Gfibre
Grain fibre content
Content of fibre (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples.
Fibre content
FHBSpkResp Estimation
Standard method for FHB spike response.
Forage dry matter
Forage dry matter.
Forage dry matter
ForgDM
GLng Measurement
Standard method for whole grain length.
LeafPubDen
Pubescence density
Leaf pubescence density
Leaf hairiness density.
WormDmg Estimation
Standard method for worm damage.
SpkDen
Density
Density or compactness of a wheat spike.
Spike density
GYPR Computation
Calculated with grain yield obtained /days to maturity.
mm
GlmPubLng Measurement
Standard method for glume pubescence length.
The method was improved by using two digits, representing the vertical disease progress and an estimate of severity. The first digit gives the relative height of the disease using the original 0-9 Saari-Prescott scale as a measure. The second digit shows the disease severity as a percentage but in terms of 0-9. Because it is difficult to evaluate diseases on dead leaves, disease notes should be taken when at least four leaves are still alive and green (soft to mid-dough growth stage). Then visually evaluate the average percentage severity on only those leaves of the uppermost four that are infected. In practice, the percent severity is estimated on an overall score. The following format is used for scoring severity: 10% coverage = 1, 20% coverage = 2, 30% coverage = 3, 40% coverage = 4, 50% coverage = 5, 60% coverage = 6, 70% coverage = 7, 80% coverage = 8, 90% coverage = 9. The score of 10 is not used.
Double digit Estimation
StayGreen Estimation
Stay-green assessment is conducted through the growing season, starting with the onset of the senescence of the specific organ to be evaluated.
Awns Estimation
Standard method for awnedness.
1-5 GLUTYP scale
Normalized pheophytinization index
NPQI
Canopy normalized pheophytinization index
Normalized pheophytinization index can be used to detect chlorophyll degradation.
Fusarium graminearum incidence
Fusarium graminearum incidence in the plants.
FgramInc
Fusarium graminearum incidence
NIRS Measurement
NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results.
spike/m
Grain yield production rate.
Grain yield production rate
GYPR
Yield production rate
Electron transport rate
Leaf electron transport rate
ETR
Transfer of electrons during photosynthesis in light saturated leaf.
Normalized water index 2
Canopy normalized water index 2
NWI2
Normalized water index 2 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85).
GlmLng
Length
Glume length
Length of glume.
FnivLBInc Estimation
Standard method for Fusarium leaf blotch incidence.
Standard method for insect damage.
InsectDmg Estimation
Standard method for winter survival.
Wsurv Estimation
Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll a
RARSa
Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll a
Rarsa is an estimation of chlorophyll a content.
TanSpotInc Estimation
Standard method for tan spot incidence in adult plants.
PlntStnd
Plant population or plant density.
Plant stand
Stand
Dough Mixograph mixing time
Time required for the dough development from beginning of mixing flour and water to the dough reaches maximum consistency (peak).
MixTim
Mixograph mixing time
Standard method for coleoptile length.
ColeopLng Measurement
Leaf rust incidence
Leaf rust incidence
Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita.
PrecoInc
Iron content
Content of iron in grain.
Grain Iron content
GIron
0-5 Septoria Response scale
GY Computation
Use formulae to calculate grain yield in g/m2
FvLA Measurement
Variable fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf.
Stripe rust severity
Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici.
Stripe rust severity
PstriSev
Number of total tillers (fertile and infertile) per unit area, sample or plant.
TN
Tiller number
Tiller number
Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita.
Leaf rust coefficient of infection
Leaf rust coefficient of infection
PrecoCI
Leaves carbon isotope discrimination can be measured in the leaves during early canopy development in well irrigated trials, in which case genotypic effects will be related mainly to transpiration efficiency.
Leaf carbon isotope discrimination
Carbon isotope discrimination
LeafCID
ml
cm
RLNDmg Estimation
Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic.
The plant damage caused by various species of aphids.
Aphid damage
AphDmg
Aphid damage
Standard method for stem wall thickness.
StmWallThk Measurement
1-3 GRNPLUMP scale
Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B
Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B.
Photochemical reflectance index
PRI
Canopy photochemical reflectance index
Photochemical reflectance index is correlated with the de-epoxidation stage of the xanthophylls cycle, with zeaxanthin, and with radiation-use efficiency (filella et al., 1996). higher pri values indicate greater efficiency.
HtereSev Estimation
Standard method for net blotch severity.
SpkPI Computation
Calculated from shoots sampled seven days after anthesis and SPI is expressed as a ratio and can be calculated as SPI= (dry weight of spikes at anthesis+7/dry weight of the whole plants (shoots) at anthesis+7).
Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured from a light adapted leaf.
FvLAFmLA measurement
TanSpotSdlgResp Estimation
Standard method for scoring tan spot response in seedlings.
Grain protein deviation
Grain Protein Deviation
GPD
Deviation from the grain yield -grain protein linear regression.
PhordInc Estimation
Standard method for Barley leaf rust incidence.
Spike number
SN
Number
Number of spikes (fertile culms) per unit area, sample or plant.
mm2
1-5 DMG scale
Tan spot severity
Tan spot severity
Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin.
TanSpotSev
Standard method for stem diameter.
StmDia Measurement
Leaf sheath partitioning index.
LeafSPI
Sheath partitioning index
Leaf sheath partitioning index
Temperature
CT
The surface temperature of the canopy is related to the amount of transpiration resulting in evaporative cooling.
Canopy temperature
Spot blotch severity
Spot blotch severity
HsatiLSev
Spot blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (Helminthosporium sativum).
Extrusion of anthers.
AnthExt
Anther extrusion
Anther extrusion
Pratylenchus thornei damage
Pratylenchus thornei damage
The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei.
PthornDmg
Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll b
Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll b
RARSb
Rarsb is an estimation of chlorophyll b content.
Normalized difference vegetation index
NDVI
Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size.
Canopy normalized difference vegetation index
Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the above-ground biomass at harvest.
BMNUp Computation
Chlorophyll content
Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes both chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants.
Leaf chlorophyll content
Chl
Calculated as grain yield per unit of Nitrogen taken up.
Nute Computation
Standard method for Septoria species response.
SepSpResp Estimation
StomaRes Measurement
Standard method for stomatal resistance.
Nitrogen uptake
BMNUp
Above ground biomass nitrogen uptake
Uptake of Nitrogen in the above ground biomass at maturity.
FvDAFmLA measurement
Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured from a dark adapted leaf.
The chlorophyll content of leaves (and other green tissues) can be quickly, and non-destructively measured using a hand-held battery portable optical meter (e.g., Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter) which measures the chlorophyll content via light transmittance (absorbance of red light at 650 nm and infrared light at 940 nm) and compensates for differing leaf thicknesses. Readings from the instrument are not absolute chlorophyll values, instead each reading is a ?chlorophyll concentration index? (CCI, ranging from 0 to 99.9). Measurements are typically made on the flag leaf (once fully expanded), although measurements of lower leaves may be taken to assess canopy chlorophyll profiles.
Chl Measurement
Observe threshability by hand threshing of one or two spikes and rate it according how easily grains are separated from the rachis and glumes using 1 (hard to thresh) to 9 (easy to thresh) scale.
Threshblty Estimation
InfertTN
Number of infertile tillers per unit area, sample or plant.
Infertile tiller number
Number
Standard method for whole grain thickness.
GThk Measurement
AlvPG
Dough alveograph P/G
Alveograph P/G
It is the p/g ratio.
Testing of refined flour quality by sds-sedimentation, a test estimating gluten-protein overall quality.
FlrSDS
SDS sedimentation volume
Flour SDS sedimentation
Mat DS87 DT Computation
Number of days required from sowing to physiological maturity (approx. DS87). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date.
Anthesis thermal time
TTA
Thermal Time from emergence to Anthesis (GS65).
Anthesis thermal time
FND DS31 date Estimation
Record date of first node detectable (DS31). It is easier to determine in the field than DS30. It is estimated in-field as the day at which the first node can be detected at approximately 1 cm above the tillering node. The observation is performed in the main tiller.
Glutenin Glu-D3 composition
Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-d3.
GluD3
Glutenin Glu-D3 composition
Calculated daily grain weight increase between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration.
GFR Computation
Standard method for armyworm damage.
ArmyWDmg Estimation
StmStrength
Strength of the culm.
Strength
Stem strength
Calculated as the index (ratio) of infected spikelets over total number of spikelets by Calonectria nivalis (Fusarium nivale, F. graminearum) causing scab disease in spike.
FHBSplInc Computation
GlmLng Measurement
Standard method for glume length.
Observe the tendency of flowering according day-length
PhotopResp Estimation
Worm damage
The plant damage caused by worms.
Worm damage
WormDmg
TindiInc Estimation
Standard method for karnal bunt incidence.
Leaf glaucousness
Glaucousness
LeafGlau
Glaucousness in leaf.
1-9 incidence scale
kg/ha
Standard method for aphid damage.
AphDmg Estimation
Spot blotch incidence
Spot blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (helminthosporium sativum).
Spot blotch incidence
HsatiLInc
Loose smut incidence in the plants caused by ustilago tritici.
Loose smut incidence
UtritInc
Loose smut incidence
Aboveground biomass In-season
ISBM
All above-ground biomass at any developmental stage and/or at regular intervals from the emergence to physiological maturity.
In-season aboveground biomass
Leaf stomatal size
Stomata size.
StomaSiz
Stomatal size
Frost damage
Plant damage caused by frost.
Frost damage
FrostDmg
grain/m2
Dough strength by alveograph. W value is the area under the curve. it is a combination of dough strength (p value) and extensibility (l value).
AlvW
Alveograph value W
Dough alveograph value W
1-5 GHABIT scale
EgramSev
Powdery mildew severity
Powdery mildew severity in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici.
Powdery mildew severity
FLeafLWid
Flag leaf lamina width
Width
Width of flag leaf lamina.
FgramResp
Fusarium graminearum plant response
Fusarium graminearum plant response
Fusarium graminearum response in the plants.
Stripe rust coefficient of infection
PstriCI
Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici.
Stripe rust coefficient of infection
GVtr Estimation
Standard method for seed vitreousness.
Tan spot plant response
Tan spot plant response
TanSpotResp
Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) response in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin.
Standard method for herbicide damage.
HerbicideDmg Estimation
Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to leaf/stem/stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the following scale: 0-No visible infection. R-Resistant, necrotic areas with or without small pustules. MR-Moderately Resistant, small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas. M-Intermediate, pustules of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis. MS-Moderately Susceptible, medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible. S-Susceptible, large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis.
Adult plants rust field response Estimation
SaltTol Estimation
Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at the field presenting soil salinity and rate the tolerance.
1-6 Phenological relative scale
SuPDmg
Suni pest damage
Suni pest damage
The plant damage caused by suni pest (Eurygaster spp., sunn pest, suni bug).
yyyymmdd
Spike fertility index. Dry weight of 20 randomly selected spikes at anthesis. Fruiting Efficiency= number of grains at maturity / spike dry matter at anthesis.
FE Computation
BlkPtInc Estimation
Black point incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of grain with black point symptoms.
The falling number is defined as the time in seconds required stirring and allowing stirrer to fall a measured distance through a hot aqueous flour or meal gel undergoing liquefaction due to a-amylase activity.
Falling number
Flour falling number
FlrFN
Powdery mildew incidence
Powdery mildew incidence in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici.
EgramInc
Powdery mildew incidence
SawflyDmg
Sawfly damage
Sawfly damage
The plant damage caused by sawfly, Cephus cinctus.
Record date of initiation of booting stage when 50% of the culms expected to produce spikes are between DS39 (Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible) and DS41 (Flag leaf sheath extending).
Boot DS39 date Estimation
PstriSpkSev Estimation
Severity of rust in spike is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection.
g/plot
Standard method for screening grain size distribution <1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.
Image Analysis Screen Count6
Modified cobb scale for severity
Severity of leaf/stem/stripe rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection.
1-5 incidence scale
Standard method for spike disease development.
SpkDis Estimation
Wheat bacterial leaf blight severity in the plants caused by the agent Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. symptoms: small (less than 0.04 inches) water-soaked lesions expand and eventually coalesce. initial lesions become necrotic and turn from gray-green to tan-white. Entire leaves may become necrotic, but heads and glumes are typically symptomless.
Bacterial leaf blight severity
Bacterial leaf blight severity
BLBSev
NHI Computation
Calculated as total grain Nitrogen divided by the total biomass Nitrogen.
PrecoResp Estimation
Standard method for leaf rust response.
Fs
Steady-state fluorescence
The fluorescence emitting during steady state.
Leaf steady-state fluorescence
WMFlrAsh Estimation
Standard method for ash content in whole meal flour.
Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the straw at harvest.
STRNUp Computation
day
PgramSdlgResp
Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici.
Stem rust seedling response
Stem rust seedling response
PedLng Measurement
Standard method for peduncle length.
GPhos Measurement
Standard method for grain phosphorus content.
Glutenin Glu-B3 composition
GluB3
Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-b3.
Glutenin Glu-B3 composition
Terminal spikelet time
Terminal spikelet time
TSpl
Terminal spikelet time is when the last spikelet, the terminal spikelet, has been produced.
Classification of vernalization responsive growth habit as winter, facultative or spring wheat.
Growth class
GrwCls
Growth class
Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/700.
Leaf R750/R700 Measurement
Record booting stage (DS45) when 50% of culms present boot swollen.
Boot DS45 date Estimation
SLA Measurement
Leaf area of flag leaf or all laminas is measured. Then the leaves are oven dried at 60-70oC for 48h and the dry weight is recorded. Then, the specific leaf area is calculated as the ratio of leaf area to dry mass SLA= leaf area/dry mass.
0-4 PRECO scale
GsurfA
Grain surface area
Surface of whole grain.
Surface area
AlTol Estimation
Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a soil presenting aluminum toxicity and rate the tolerance.
ISBM Computation
Sampling is typically performed at sequential developmental stages/time intervals through crop growth. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. In most cases, determinations of dry mass are made on representative sub-samples to reduce oven space requirement, take additional measurements (e.g., fertile culm count) etc. Several protocols available (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives.
Nitrogen harvest index
The fraction of Nitrogen recovered in the harvested grain as a function of the total Nitrogen taken up.
NHI
Nitrogen harvest index
Awns Presence
Standard method for awn presence estimation.
The grain dry mass (grain yield) production per Nitrogen available to a plant.
NUE
Nitrogen Use Efficiency
Nitrogen use efficiency
PstriSdlgResp
Stripe rust (yellow rust) response in the seedlings caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici.
Stripe rust seedling response
Stripe rust seedling response
GrndCov
Ground cover
Crop ground cover
Crop ground cover, or the percentage of soil surface covered by plant foliage.
Stem rust severity
Stem rust (black rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici.
Stem rust severity
PgramSev
Armyworm damage
Armyworm damage
The plant damage caused by armyworm.
ArmyWDmg
FLeafA
Flag leaf area
Area of the flag leaf lamina.
Area
Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch response.
StritResp Estimation
Leaf Sheath Coefficient = Leaf Sheath DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of leaf sheath is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant.
LeafSPI Computation
Standard method for barley stripe mosaic virus incidence.
BSMV Estimation
GCID
Carbon isotope discrimination
Grain carbon isotope discrimination
Grain carbon isotope discrimination at maturity from drought trials provides genotypic effects most likely to be related to transpiration rate or an integrative measurement of stomatal conductance.
Standard method for Alternaria leaf blight field response.
AtritResp Estimation
Standard method for neck break.
NeckBreak Estimation
Soil borne mosaic incidence
SBMVInc
Soil borne mosaic incidence
Soil borne mosaic incidence in the plants caused by the agent soilborne wheat mosaic virus (sbwmv) which is vectored by Plasmodiophorid polymyxa graminis.
AntDmg Estimation
Standard method for ant damage.
0-12 Modified Cobb Scale
BMNUte Computation
Calculated as biomass per unit of Nitrogen taken up.
PedPubDen Estimation
Standard method for peduncle pubescence density.
Grain screenings
GScreen
Screenings proportion
Proportion of small grain passing through a sieve.
Plant vegetative period
Vegetative period
VgP
Time period between emergence (ds10) and first node detectable (ds31).
Pratylenchus neglectus damage
PnegleDmg
The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus.
Pratylenchus neglectus damage
Lodging incidence
Indicates incidence of lodged plants.
Lodging incidence
Lodg
GMoi
Moisture content
Moisture content of grain.
Grain moisture content
Take measurements at least two times from full ground cover to the end of booting (pre-heading), and at least two times from the end of anthesis to late grainfilling (grain-filling) -with 5-7 days between each measurement to give a reasonably heritable estimate of trait expression.
CT Measurement
Double ridge time is just when apex changes from the vegetative to the reproductive stage.
Double ridge time
DRidge
Double ridge time
Fusarium leaf blotch incidence
Fusarium leaf blotch incidence
Fusarium leaf blotch (pink snow mold, fusarium patch) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Calonectria nivalis (fusarium nivale).
FnivLBInc
Maturity time
Maturity time starts at hard dough stage (ds87) often called physiological maturity.
Mat
Maturity time
Standard method for powdery mildew incidence.
EgramInc Estimation
MIXOGRAPH determination AACC 54-40 A
1. A sample of 35 grams of flour on a 14 percent moisture basis is weighed and placed in a mixograph bowl, 2. Water is added to the flour from a buret and the bowl is inserted into the mixograph, 3. The flour and water are mixed together to form a dough, 4. As the dough is mixed, the mixograph records a curve on graph paper.
FLeafSen
Flag leaf senescence.
Senescence
Flag leaf senescence
Threshability (ease to thresh) is a score where several spike-related traits such as rachis fragility (brittle or non-brittle rachis) and glume tenacity (hulled or free-threshing).
Threshblty
Spike threshability
Threshability
Normalized water index 1
Normalized water index 1 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85).
Canopy normalized water index 1
NWI1
Grain amylopectin content
GAmyloPec
Amylopectin content
Content of amylopectin in grain.
Southern blight plant response
Southern blight response in the plants caused by the agent Corticum rolfsii (Sclerotium rolfsii).
Southern blight plant response
SrolfResp
FLeafA Measurement
Standard method for flag leaf area.
Dry grains at 70oC and weigh.
GW Measurement
Standard method for grain plumpness.
GPlump Estimation
Loaf volume
Bread loaf volume
Baking quality of flour describing bread loaf volume.
LofVol
NodeN
Node number
Node number
Number of nodes in the main stem.
Standard method for test weight.
AACC 55-10 or SeedCount management procedure
Leaf quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation
PhiCO2
Quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation
Quantum yield of carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation.
0-9 AnthExt
Production per day
Biomass production rate.
BMPR
Biomass production rate
SproutTol Estimation
Observe the tendency of grain to sprout when in the spike and rate the tolerance.
RNDVI Measurement
Standard method for spectral reflectance.
Classification of vernalization responsive growth habit as winter, facultative or spring wheat
GrwCls Estimation
degree C
HNecro Estimation
Some forms of spotting and necrosis result from chromosomal instability or genetic aberrations, these disorders are known as hybrid necrosis. Affected plants show differing degrees of necrosis, often associated with stunting or dwarf clumping. Hybrid necrosis usually is observed in early generation material, and affected progeny are eliminated
Standard method for glume color.
GlmCol Estimation
Infertile spike number
InfertSpkN
Number
Number of infertile spikelet per spike.
Standard method for grain zinc content.
GZinc Measurement
Root lesion nematode damage
Root lesion nematode damage
The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp.
RLNDmg
g/1000 grain
GrnSpl
Number of grains per spikelet.
Grain number per spikelet
Grain number
Gluten type
Flour gluten type
GluTyp
Gluten type whether weak-tenacious/tenacious/weak/medium strong/strong.
Mat DS87 relative Estimation
Assessment of physiological maturity (approx. DS87) compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment.
Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration (thermal time from day1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2.
GFPTT Computation
Grain Nitrogen uptake
Uptake of Nitrogen in the whole wheat grain samples.
Nitrogen uptake
GNUp
Intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio
Intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio.
CiCa
Leaf intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio
Leaf transpiration rate
Leaf transpiration rate.
LeafTR
Leaf transpiration rate
Flour color
Color
FlrCol
Flour color.
Standard method for take all incidence.
GgtriInc Estimation
tiller/m
Root disease development
Root disease development
The plant damage caused by root diseases.
RootDis
1-9 SPKDEN scale
LeafWid Measurement
Standard method for leaf width.
Measured in centimeters from the base of the spike to the tip excluding the awns (average of 6-10 random spikes in plot).
SpkLng Measurement
1-5 scoring scale
SemoYellPig
Yellow pigment content
Semolina yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds.
Semolina yellow pigment content
Vigour
Plant vigour
Capacity of the plant to grow.
PlntVig
StomaCond Measurement
Standard method for stomatal conductance.
GrwHabit Estimation
Observe the growth habit of wheat plants during tillering stages and rate whether erect/semi-erect/prostrate/semi-spreading/spreading
Septoria tritici blotch incidence
StritInc
Septoria tritici blotch incidence
Septoria tritici blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally.
1-4 HRDCLS scale
BirdDmg Estimation
Standard method for bird damage.
Time between double ridge (approx. ds14) and anthesis (ds65).
Reproductive period
RepP
Reproductive period
Dough alveograph value L
AlvL
L value is the extensibility of the dough before the bubble breaks. it is indicated by the length of the curve.
Alveograph value L
degree C day
TlaevInc Estimation
Tilletia laevis incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row.
g/200 grain
Glume pubescence density
Pubescence density
GlmPubDen
Glume hairiness density on outer side of sterile glume.
StomaFrq Counting
Standard method for stomatal frequency.
kg/kg N
1-6 COLOR scale
Calculated as above ground biomass Nitrogen content divided by soil Nitrogen
NupE Computation
BM Measurement
Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives.
1-3 SIZE scale
AcdTol Estimation
Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a low pH (acid) soil field and rate the tolerance.
Stomatal frequency
StomaFrq
Leaf stomatal frequency
Number of stomata counted per unit area on the leaf surface.
Canopy green normalized difference vegetation index
Normalized difference vegetation index
GNDVI
Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size.
HeatTol Estimation
Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under heat condition and rate the tolerance.
g/l
Color observation on the outer glume at maturity.
Color
GlmCol
Glume color
The weight of the grain harvested is registered on a scale, decide which method suit better for your objectives. In breeding trials, a sample area (rather than the whole plot) is generally used for estimating yield. Discard borders when combine harvest for a better estimation of yield.
GY Measurement
GPD Computation
Calculated as the deviation from the yield-protein linear regression.
Grain weight per spike.
Grain weight per spike
SpkGW
Grain weight
Spike partitioning index.
Spike partitioning index
SpkPI
Partitioning index
µm
Stand establishment
StdEst
Establish
Measurement of plant emergence and vigor in the field.
PhiPS2
Quantum yield of photosystem II
Leaf quantum yield of photosystem II
Quantum yield of electron transfer at PSII.
Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size.
Normalized difference vegetation index
RNDVI
Canopy red normalized difference vegetation index
Measured as weight by percentage of all matter remaining above a 2 mm slotted screen ? 40 shakes in the direction of the slots.
GReten Measurement
Terminal spikelet thermal time
TTTS
Thermal Time from emergence to Terminal Spikelet (GS30).
Terminal spikelet thermal time
TTH Computation
Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until emergence (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2.
Capacity of a seedling or plant to grow vegetatively in early stages of development.
Early vigour
ErlVig
Plant early vigour
GY Relative to check Computation
Calculate grain yield of an entry as percentage over a local check.
plant/ha
WtrLoggDmg Estimation
Score the damage caused by waterlogging
The ratio between average height and width of cookies.
Cookie spread factor
CookSdF
Spread factor
Measure the length of individual culms from soil surface to the tip of the spike (do not include awn) and record to the nearest centimeter. (Average of 4-10 plants/culms per plot).
PH Measurement
Biomass Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency as the biomass in relation to the total amount of N in above-ground plant at harvest.
Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency
BMNUtE
Biomass Nitrogen utilization efficiency
LeafR750R700
Spectral reflectance
Leaf spectral reflectance 750/700 nm
The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R750/R700 nm wavelength.
b value
Spectral reflectance
The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R550 nm wavelength.
Leaf spectral reflectance 550 nm
LeafR550
SepSpSev
Septoria blotch severity
Septoria blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species.
Septoria blotch severity
Stem rust plant response
PgramResp
Stem rust plant response
Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici.
Standard method for Fusarium graminearum incidence.
FgramInc Estimation
µmol CO2/mol
Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici.
Stripe rust incidence
PstriInc
Stripe rust incidence
1-9 STRAWBREAK scale
Septoria blotch plant response
SepSpResp
Septoria blotch response in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species.
Septoria blotch plant response
Leaf length
LeafLng
Length
Length of leaf.
Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that are below 1.6 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.
Image Analysis Screen Mass6
Variable fluorescence measured in the leaf.
FvLA
Variable fluorescence
Leaf variable fluorescence
Tan spot incidence
Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin.
TanSpotInc
Tan spot incidence
Standard method for spike type.
SpkTyp Estimation
Maximal level of fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf.
FmDA Measurement
True stem partitioning index
TSPI
True stem partitioning index.
True stem partitioning index
Stem solidness
StmSol
Solidness
Solidness of stem.
Seed gall nematode damage
SGNDmg
Seed gall nematode damage
The wheat seed-gall nematode damage caused by Anguina tritici.
FrostDmg Estimation
Score the damage caused by frost per plot.
RootDis Estimation
Standard method for root disease development.
Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements.
Ci Computation
Plant tolerance to heat conditions.
Heat tolerance
HeatTol
Heat tolerance
cm2
mg/kg
Count or calculate the number of total tillers (fertile and infertile) per lineal meter, per plant or per square meter.
TN Counting
Length
FLeafLLng
Flag leaf lamina length
Length of flag leaf lamina.
GScreen Measurement
Measured as weight by percentage of all matter passing through a 2 mm slotted screen ? 40 shakes in the direction of the slots
The plant damage caused by foliar diseases.
Foliar disease development
FolDis
Foliar disease development
g/m2
NIR calibrated
NIRS Fibre Measurement
Length
Stem length
StmLng
Length of stem.
Physiological maturity thermal time
TTM
Thermal Time from emergence to Physiological Maturity (GS87).
Physiological maturity thermal time
PrecoResp
Leaf rust plant response
Leaf rust (brown rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita.
Leaf rust plant response
RachLng
Rachis length
Length of rachis.
Length
s
PlntStnd Counting
Counting the number of plant per area or row.
Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements.
Fs Measurement
Fusarium head blight spike weight
Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp.
FHBSpkWt
Fusarium head blight spike weight
Observe vigour of the plants per plot/entry and rate it.
PlntVig Estimation
InfertTN Counting
Count the number of infertile tillers.
PhordSev
Barley leaf rust severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei.
Barley leaf rust severity
Barley leaf rust severity
StayGreen
Canopy stay green
Ability of the plant to remain/maintain green leaves, stems and spikes at the time of senescing.
Stay green
FLRGluCon Measurement
1. A 10-gram sample of flour or ground wheat is weighed and placed into the glutomatic washing chamber on top of the polyester screen, 2. The sample is mixed and washed with a 2 percent salt solution for 5 minutes, 3. The wet gluten is removed from the washing chamber, placed in the centrifuge holder, and centrifuged, 4. The residue retained on top of the screen and through the screen is weighed.
Flour yield
Proportion of flour recovered during milling.
Yield
FlrYld
Standard method for content of deoxynivalenol or DON (vomitoxin) that is often associated with FHB (Fusarium spp.) infected grains.
FHBDON Measurement
Number of days from sowing to first node detectable. However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date.
FND DS31 DT Computation
WKill
Winter kill damage
Winter kill damage
Plants killed as a result of winter conditions.
TestWt
Test weight or specific weight is the weight of a fixed volume of clean grains.
Test weight
Grain test weight
Heading thermal time
Heading thermal time
TTH
Thermal Time from emergence to Heading (GS55).
Standard method for leaf rolling incidence.
LRollInc Estimation
Spike sterility index
Spike sterility observed as infertile florets.
SpkSterility
Sterility
PherpResp
Eyespot plant response
Eyespot plant response
Eye spot response in the plants caused by the fungal species Tapesia yallundae (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoide w-type) and Tapesia acuformis (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides r-type). Symptoms: the eye shape elliptical lesions forms on lower base of stem and lower leaf sheath. The eyespots are straw yellow in color from the middle and are surrounded by the greenish brown to dark brown rings.
Awn color.
Awn color
AwnCol
Color
Cereal cyst nematodes are more readily detected on seedlings than on adult plants. The roots of infested plants develop frequent branches and swellings (cysts).
HavenDmg Estimation
Shattering
Shattering
Spike shattering
Observation of grains dehiscence from spike at maturity.
StrawBreak
Amount of straw breakage.
Straw breakage
Breakage
SpkDen Estimation
Standard method for spike density.
Grain appearance
Appearance of a single grain.
Appearance
GApp
Length of coleoptile (a protective sheath that surrounds the shoot tip and the embryonic leaves of the young shoot of grasses).
Coleoptile length
ColeopLng
Length
Content of wet gluten in flour.
Flour gluten content
FLRGluCon
Gluten content
Coefficient of infection (CI) calculated by multiplying the severity times a constant for host response: where immune = 0.0, R=0.2, MR =0.4, MS =0.8, and S=1.0.
Rust Coefficient of infection Computation
StrawYld Estimation
Standard method for straw yield.
DnoxiDmg
Russian wheat aphid damage
The plant damage caused by Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxis.
Russian wheat aphid damage
HgramInc Estimation
Standard method for Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence.
Color
Straw color
Color of straw.
StrawCol
GlmPubDen Estimation
Standard method for glume pubescence density.
Double digit (00-99)
mmol H2O/m2/s
Sprouting tolerance
Tolerance of grain to sprout when in the spike.
Sprouting tolerance
SproutTol
infertile tiller/m2
Standard method for soil borne mosaic virus incidence.
SBMVInc Estimation
Barley yellow dwarf incidence
BYDInc
Wheat yellow dwarf incidence in the plants caused by the agent wheat yellow dwarf virus.
Barley yellow dwarf incidence
Standard method for Fusarium wilt incidence.
FoxiWilt Estimation
kg/hl
Anet Measurement
Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements.
1-5 density scale
Field response McNEAL Estimation
Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the MCNEAL scale.
GrnTllr Computation
Count the total number of grains per tiller.
TindiInc
Karnal bunt incidence
Karnal bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia indica (syn. Neovossia indica).
Karnal bunt incidence
Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R675.
Leaf R675 Measurement
GLng
Length
Grain length
Length of whole grain.
plant/plot
0-9 percentage scale
FHBSpkInc Estimation
Standard method for FHB spike incidence.
tiller/m2
Herbicide damage
Herbicide damage
Plant damage caused by herbicide.
HerbicideDmg
RUET Computation
Measurement of Radiation Use Efficiency as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla.
Dough mixograph torque
It is the torque measured during the mixograph test.
Mixograph torque
MixTq
StrawBreak Estimation
Standard method for straw breakage.
Standard method for cookie spread factor.
CookSdF Measurement
plant/m
Maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry
Leaf maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry
FvLAFmLA
Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured in the leaf.
Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita.
Leaf rust notes
PrecoNote
Leaf rust notes
TTIB Computation
Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until initiation of booting (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2.
PedPubDen
Pubescence density
Peduncle pubescence density
Peduncle hairiness density.
1-5 Phenological relative scale
NUE Computation
Calculated as the grain yield divided by the total soil Nitrogen.
Standard method for snail damage.
SnailDmg Estimation
Septoria nodorum blotch incidence
Septoria nodorum blotch incidence
Septoria nodorum blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Stagonospora nodorum (syn. Septoria glume blotch) (Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E. Müller) Hedjaroude (syn. Stagonospora nodorum).
SnodoInc
The semolina color.
Semolina color
SemoCol
Color
Canopy spectral reflectance Measurement
Standard method for spectral reflectance.
GFPTT
Grain filling period thermal time
Grain filling period thermal time
Time period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87) in thermal time.
Straw NIR calibrated.
STR NIRS Measurement
Fusarium head blight grain incidence
Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp.
FHBGInc
Fusarium head blight grain incidence
A small sample of flour or ground wheat (1.0 grams) is weighed and placed in 25-milliliter glass-stoppered graduated cylinder. This is mixed with different solutions for some minutes and then rested. Finally, the volume of the sediment is recorded after 21 minutes.
SDS-sedimentation determination
1-6 MIXTYP scale
Leaf lamina partitioning index
Leaf lamina partitioning index.
LeafPI
Lamina partitioning index
BMNUpE
N-uptake efficiency as the total amount of Nitrogen in the above-ground plant at harvest in relation to the available Nitrogen in soil.
Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency
Nitrogen uptake efficiency
a value
Tillering capacity
Tillering capacity
An tillering capacity.
TllrCapacity
0-5 TANSPOT field response scale
Grain number (GNO) as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. GNO determines the sink size of the crop and under many conditions it is strongly correlated with yield. Grains/m2 (GNO) = yield (g/m2) / TGW (g) × 1000.
GN Computation
Leaf rolling incidence
LRollInc
Rolling incidence
Incidence of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress.
ml/%
kg/plot
0-9 AWNS scale
WKill Estimation
Observe winterkill of plants per plot and rate it.
GLys Measurement
Standard method for grain lysine content.
Standard method for Fusarium graminearum response.
FgramResp Estimation
Grain number
Number
Number of grains expressed as per unit area or sample.
GN
GCol Estimation
Standard method for grain color.
Standard method for crumb structure.
CrmStr Estimation
The 1bl/1rs translocation in wheat resulted from replacing the short arm of the chromosome 1b of wheat by the short arm of the chromosome 1r of rye (Secale cereale l.).
Absence/Presence
T1BL1RS
Translocation 1BL/1RS
g/degree C day
Normalized water index 4
Normalized water index 4 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85).
NWI4
Canopy normalized water index 4
node
Stem rust (black rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici.
Stem rust coefficient of infection
PgramCI
Stem rust coefficient of infection
HailDmg
Hail damage
Plant damage caused by hail.
Hail damage
Standard method for Septoria species incidence.
SepSPInc Estimation
Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici.
Stripe rust spike severity
PstriSpkSev
Stripe rust spike severity
GFRTT Computation
Calculated grain weight increase per degree day with climatic data where degree days are accumulating between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration (thermal time from day1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2.
GluA3
Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-a3.
Glutenin Glu-A3 composition
Glutenin Glu-A3 composition
Yield factor
GYFac
Yield factor.
Grain yield factor
Flour yellowness.
Yellowness
FlrYellCls
Flour yellowness
CiCa Measurement
Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements.
RUE Computation
Measurement of Radiation Use Efficiency as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla.
0-5 percentage scale
Number of days from sowing to terminal spikelet (DS25-30 approx.). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date.
TSpl DT Computation
Dry grains at 70oC and weigh.
SpkGW Measurement
FmDL
Leaf maximal fluorescence intensity
Maximal level of fluorescence intensity measured in the leaf.
Maximal fluorescence intensity
PedLng
Length of peduncle.
Length
Peduncle length
Sample as for spikelets per spike randomly select 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the spikelets, thresh, count grains, and calculate, or less accurately simply calculate from calculated grains per spike and measured spikelet number.
GrnSpl Computation
Grain fill rate thermal time
Grain fill rate thermal time
Grain weight increase per degree day in the period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87).
GFRTT
Standard method for whole meal flour yellow pigment.
WMFlrYellPig Measurement
Standard method for leaf rust incidence.
PrecoInc Estimation
Minimal level of fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf.
FoLA Measurement
Grain color.
Color
GCol
Grain color
Hd DS55 relative Estimation
Assessment of heading (DS55) compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment.
1-9 general scale
infertile tiller/m
HelSpSev
The disease severity in the plants caused by the agent Helminthosporium species.
Helminthosporium species severity
Helminthosporium species severity
min
FHBGInc Estimation
Standard method for FHB grain incidence.
RodentDmg Estimation
Standard method for rodent damage.
Straw yield
Yield
Amount (weight) of straw.
StrawYld
Shape characteristics of typical mature spikes.
Type
SpkTyp
Spike type
Common bunt (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia species.
Common bunt spike incidence
Common bunt spike incidence
TilSpSpkInc
Hessian fly damage
HesFlyDmg
The plant damage caused by hessian fly, Maytiola destructor.
Hessian fly damage
Minimal fluorescence intensity
Minimal level of fluorescence intensity measured in the leaf.
FoLA
Leaf minimal fluorescence intensity
Pubescence length
GlmPubLng
Glume pubescence length
Glume pubescence length on outer side of sterile glume.
Calculated with final biomass obtained /days to maturity.
BMPR Computation
Standard method for eye spot field response.
PherpResp Estimation
Standard method for dwarf bunt incidence.
TcontInc Estimation
NWI3
Normalized water index 3 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85).
Normalized water index 3
Canopy normalized water index 3
GrndCov Measurement
High throughput approaches to measuring ground cover are: visual assessment or digital analysis of photographs
1-5 GRNCOL scale
Asat
Leaf light-saturated net photosynthesis
Light-saturated net photosynthesis
Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light.
Leaf tip necrosis is observed and rated in percentage.
LeafTNecro Estimation
Standard method for ground cover at 5 leaves stage.
GrndCov Measurement (GS15)
MgrisSev Estimation
Standard method for wheat blast severity.
1-3 STRAWStrength
Carbon fixation by photosynthesis.
Leaf net photosynthesis rate
Net photosynthesis rate
Anet
Leaf rust seedling response
PrecoSdlgResp
Leaf rust (brown rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita.
Leaf rust seedling response
GFR
Grain fill rate
Grain weight increase per day in the period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87).
Grain fill rate
Standard method for net blotch incidence.
HtereInc Estimation
LeafPubDen Estimation
Standard method for leaf pubescence density.
0-5 FHB field response scale
FHBSplInc Counting
Standard method for FHB infected spikelets counting.
Glutenin Glu-D1 composition
Glutenin Glu-D1 composition
GluD1
High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-d1.
Standard method for barley yellow dwarf incidence.
BYDInc Estimation
Number of spikelets per spike.
SplN
Number
Spikelet number
Ash content in flour.
WMFlrAsh
Ash content
Whole meal flour ash content
The growth habit of the plant whether erect/semi-erect/semi-spreading/spreading/prostrate.
Growth habit
Plant growth habit
GrwHabit
Falling number
Indication of the amount of sprout damage that has occurred within a wheat sample. falling number value of 350 seconds or longer indicates a low enzyme activity and very sound wheat quality. as the amount of enzyme activity increases, the falling number decreases. Values below 200 seconds indicate high levels of enzyme activity.
WMFlrFN
Whole meal flour falling number
Spike length
SpkLng
Length
Length of spike.
Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.0 mm - 1.6 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.
Image Analysis Screen Mass5
StrawCol Estimation
Standard method for straw color.
GPlump
The degree of endosperm filling.
Grain plumpness
Plumpness
Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements.
Asat Measurement
Boron tolerance
Plant tolerance to high levels of soil boron.
BTol
Boron tolerance
FolDis Estimation
Standard method for foliar disease development.
Grain weight per tiller
Grain weight per tiller.
GWTTILL
Grain weight
Testing of whole-meal flour quality by SDS-sedimentation, a test estimating gluten-protein overall quality.
SDS-sedimentation volume
Whole meal flour SDS sedimentation
WMFlrSDS
1-4 PRECO scale
Note Estimation
Notes taken in the field.
Dwarf bunt incidence
Dwarf bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia controversa.
TcontInc
Dwarf bunt incidence
FHBAUDPC Computation
Calculate area under disease progress curve.
Leaf Lamina Coefficient = Lamina DM measured at7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of leaf lamina is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant.
LeafPI Computation
L value
Standard method for common root rot incidence.
RootRot Estimation
Temperature depression
Difference between ambient temperature and canopy temperature.
CTD
Canopy temperature depression
Standard method for Stripe rust incidence.
PstriInc Estimation
g/plant
Cold tolerance
Cold tolerance
Plant tolerance to lower temperatures than the optimum.
ColdTol
GNDVI Measurement
Standard method for spectral reflectance.
Rapid spike growth period.
RSpkGP
Grain Filling duration
Rapid spike growth period
StomaRes
Resistance to diffusion of water vapor through a plant stomata.
Stomatal resistance
Leaf stomatal resistance
PhiCO2 Measurement
Standard method for gas exchange measurement.
Record date of double ridge stage (DS14-15 approx.). Double ridge signifies that the plant?s main growing point will produce no more primordial leaves, and instead will produce primordial spikelets of the young spike. The dissection and observation of the main tiller apex on an optic magnifier is required.
DR date Estimation
SrolfResp Estimation
Standard method for southern blight response.
Stem rust notes
Stem rust notes
PgramNote
Stem rust (black rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici.
Observe vigour of the plants per plot/entry and rate it.
ErlVig Estimation
Minimal level of fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf.
FoDA Measurement
Standard method for forage dry matter.
ForgDM Estimation
Hardness
Grain hardness
GHrd
Grain hardness is used as a grading factor to determine the type of wheat. It is a key determinant for classification of wheat and end product quality.
spikelet
Grain thickness
GThk
Thickness of whole grain.
Thickness
Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the grain at harvest.
GNUp Computation
Standard method for standard establishment.
StdEst Estimation
AnthExt Estimation
Standard method for anther extrusion.
RsecaSev Estimation
Standard method for barley scald blight severity.
%/min
variable_of
Leaf R750/R550 Measurement
Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/R550.
Rolling severity
Severity of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress.
Leaf rolling severity
LRollSev
Image Analysis Screen Count1
Standard method for screening grain size distribution >2.8 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R)machine.
Sharp eyespot incidence
Sharp eyespot incidence
RcereInc
Sharp eyespot incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhizoctonia cerealis.
tiller/plant
Standard method for flag leaf lamina length.
FLeafLLng Measurement
NIRS Measurement
NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results.
PstriResp
Stripe rust plant response
Stripe rust plant response
Stripe rust (yellow rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici.
Wheat blast severity in the spikes caused by the agent Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: It can infect all above-ground parts of the wheat plant, but head blast, resembling Fusarium head blight in appearance, is the most common symptom in the field. Infected spikes become bleached and produce small shriveled seed or none at all.
Wheat blast severity
Wheat blast severity
MgrisSev
Standard spike dry weight method.
SpkDW Computation
0-9 GRNAPP scale
GHrd Measurement
Standard method for grain hardness class.
Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R550.
Leaf R550 Measurement
grain/spike
It can be easily and non-destructively measured during grain-filling (i.e., before physiological maturity) by counting in a given area or length of row.
SN Measurement
LeafGlau Estimation
Standard method for leaf glaucousness.
1-5 LRoll scale
Sampling for water soluble carbohydrate is often combined with in-season biomass sampling and partitioning. Ensure to plan sampling approach carefully to allow for maximal data collection/economy of sampling (e.g., data on partitioning weights can be collected on the same 20 culm sample). The leaf lamina and/or leaf sheath may also be analyzed for WSC separately, or not removed from the stem for ?whole stem? analysis. Lab analysis is performed by NIR or wet chemical method.
StmWSC Measurement
Barley leaf rust incidence
PhordInc
Barley leaf rust incidence
Barley leaf rust incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei.
spike/m2
FHBSpkWt Computation
Relative spike weight is calculated by dividing spike weight (at maturity) from infected by the non-infected.
StmWSC Atrone Measurement
Water soluble carbohydrates of stem dry weight measured with chemical method Antrone.
Total protein content (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in refined flour.
Protein content
FlrProt
Flour protein content
For agronomic score observe visually detectable signs of factors limiting yields and rate.
AgrScr Estimation
Record date of anthesis (DS65) when 50% of spikes have flowered (i.e. at least 1 anther dehisced).
Ant DS65 date Estimation
Emer DS10 date Estimation
Record date of when 50% of seedlings have emerged (DS10).
Zadoks or decimal code (00-99)
First node detectable time
FND
First node detectable time is when the stem starts the elongation or jointing period, first node becomes visible as it appears above the soil surface.
First node detectable time
Image Analysis Screen Mass2
Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.8 mm - 2.5 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.
Standard method for grain amylopectin content.
GAmyloPec Measurement
1-9 PHOTORESP scale
Pubescence length
Leaf pubescence length
Leaf pubescent length.
LeafPubLng
TllrCapacity Estimation
Standard method for tillering capacity.
StomaCond
Leaf stomatal conductance
Stomatal conductance
Rate of passage of either water vapor or carbon dioxide through the stomata.
Glutenin Glu-A1 composition
Glutenin Glu-A1 composition
High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-a1.
GluA1
g/m2/day
HI Computation
Harvest index is expressed in percentage and can be calculated as Harvest index (%) = (Grain yield/Biomass)*100.
Standard method for yellow berry incidence.
GYellBer Measurement
Variable fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf.
FvDA Measurement
The plant damage caused by spike diseases.
Spike disease development
SpkDis
Spike disease development
GFP days Computation
Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration.
Stem diameter
Diameter
Stem outer diameter.
StmDia
Seedling host responses are normally scored as susceptible or resistant depending on the infection type produced with a designated isolate in a particular environment. The infection type produced will often change if the environment is altered.
Seedling rust field response Estimation
Extent to which long days hasten flowering.
PhotopResp
Photoperiod response
Plant photoperiod response
GApp Estimation
Standard method for grain appearance.
Septoria tritici blotch severity
StritSev
Septoria tritici blotch severity
Septoria tritici blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally.
Black point incidence
Black point incidence
BlkPtInc
Black point incidence in the plants caused by the fungal species such as Helminthosporium sativum (Cochliobolus sativus), Alternaria alternata and fusarium spp. also black point symptoms are associated to physiological disorders.
Strength of straw.
Strength
Straw strength
StrawStn
stoma/mm2
0-9 Mc Neal scale
Fusarium graminearum severity
FgramSev
Fusarium graminearum severity
Fusarium graminearum severity in the plants.
Structure
CrmStr
The cellular structure of wheat bread crumb.
Bread crumb structure
Content of phosphorus in grain.
Phosphorous content
GPhos
Grain phosphorous content
1-8 rust field response scale
FLeafSen Estimation
Rate using a scale from 0 (0% senescence) to 10 (100% senescence) using the guide, in increments of 10%.
DroughtTol Estimation
Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under droughted condition and rate the tolerance.
Standard method for suni pest damage.
SuPDmg Estimation
Tilletia tritici incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row.
TtritInc Estimation
SplN Counting
Both the total number of spikelets and the number of fertile spikelets (i.e., those containing grain) per spike should be counted towards the end of grain-filling, but before physiological maturity (to avoid losses due to movement through the plots). Randomly sample 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the total number of spikelets (pair-by-pair, from the base to the tip), then obtain the average. When sampling large numbers of samples or plots, time may be saved by randomly counting one side of the spike and multiplying by two.
Image Analysis Screen Count3
Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.5 ? 2.2 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.
FlrYellCls Measurement
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Glaucousness
PedGlau
Glaucousness in peduncle.
Peduncle glaucousness
1-9 scoring scale
ETR Measurement
Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements.
AtritResp
Alternaria leaf blight response in the plants caused by the agent Alternaria triticina.
Alternaria leaf blight plant response
Alternaria leaf blight plant response
Rhizoctonia root rot incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhizoctonia solani.
RsolaInc
Rhizoctonia root rot incidence
Rhizoctonia root rot incidence
LeafWid
Width
Leaf width
Width of leaf.
GReten
Proportion of big grain remaining above the sieve.
Retention proportion
Grain retention
Booting initiation thermal time
TTIB
Thermal Time from emergence to Initiation of Booting (GS41).
Initiation of Booting thermal time
TanSpotResp Estimation
Standard method for scoring tan spot response in adult plants.
Specific leaf area
SLA
Specific leaf area
A ratio of the leaf area to dry mass.
Standard method for peduncle glaucousness.
PedGlau Estimation
SGNDmg Estimation
Distorted leaves and stems are evident prior to heading. As diseased plants approach maturity, galls are formed in the florets, replacing the kernels. The galls are similar in shape to the seed they replace and are dark brown in color. Large numbers of motile larvae are present within the galls and become active after the galls have been moistened. These nematodes can act as vectors of Clavibacter tritici.
Flag smut plant response
Flag smut disease response in the plants caused by the agent Urocystic agropyri causing flag smut disease.
UagroResp
Flag smut plant response
Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until physiological maturity (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2.
TTM Computation
Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes ONLY chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants.
Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll content
LeafPSSRb
1-3 FLRYELLCLS scale
Grain Zinc content
Content of zinc in grain.
Zinc content
GZinc
Fusarium leaf blotch severity
FnivLBSev
Fusarium leaf blotch severity
Fusarium leaf blotch (pink snow mold, fusarium patch) severity in the plants caused by the agent Calonectria nivalis (fusarium nivale).
NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results.
NIRS Measurement
1-3 SEDVTR scale
The number of infertile spikelets (i.e., those NOT containing grain) per spike should be counted towards the end of grain-filling, but before physiological maturity (to avoid losses due to movement through the plots). Randomly sample 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the total number of spikelets (pair-by-pair, from the base to the tip), then obtain the average.
InfertSpkN Counting
PhiPS2 Measurement
Standard method for fluorescence measurement.
Cyst nematode damage
The wheat cyst nematode damage caused by cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae.
HavenDmg
Cyst nematode damage
It is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes plant canopies and defined as the leaf area per unit ground surface area.
Leaf area index
Leaf area index
LAI
1-3 STDEST scale
Grain protein content
Content of protein (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples.
GProt
Protein content
0-1 absent-present
1-5 TANSPOT field response scale
1-5 Septoria response scale
DroughtTol
Plant tolerance to drought conditions.
Drought tolerance
Drought tolerance
Harvest index
A ratio of grain yield to total above ground biomass.
Biomass partitioning to grain
HI
Hd DS55 days Computation
Number of days required from sowing to spike emergence from the flag leaf (DS55). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date.
1-8 generic disease field response scale
Fusarium wilt incidence
Fusarium wilt incidence
FoxiWilt
Fusarium wilt incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium oxysporum.
Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results
Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results
Take all incidence
GgtriInc
Take-all incidence in the plants caused by the agent Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (ggt).
Take all incidence
Calculated as difference between biomass and grain yield.
StrawYield_Computation
RcereInc Estimation
Main shoots are assessed for sharp eyespot disease.
AcdTol
Acid soil tolerance
Plant tolerance to acid soil.
Acid soil tolerance
Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic.
PthornDmg Estimation
Boot DS45 DT Computation
Number of days from sowing to booting stage (DS45). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date.
SnodoInc Estimation
Standard method for Septoria nodorum blotch incidence
BTol Estimation
The response of a cultivar or genotype is expressed on a score 1-9, where 1= highly susceptible and 9 = highly tolerant, based on the extent of bronze colored necrosis of leaf tips extending down the leaf margins
Gluten type is determined based on gluten properties data (flour protein content, Alveograph W, Alveograph P/L) following Peña 2011: Wheat End-use Quality types.
GluTyp Estimation
GluB1
Glutenin Glu-B1 composition
High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-b1.
Glutenin Glu-B1 composition
?mol/m2/s
Amax Measurement
Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements.
SDS-PAGE Electrophoresis (1BL1RS)
Detect in the SDS-PAGE gel the presence of some protein bands from rye chromosome translocation.
GSurfA_Measurement
Marvin method for whole surface area.
LI Computation
Measurement of the light intercepted by the canopy using a ceptometer as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla.
NIRS Starch Measurement
NIR calibrated
ColdTol Estimation
Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at temperature lower than the optimum temperature and rate the tolerance.
Standard method for flag smut field response.
UagroResp Estimation
Germ
Grain germination
Germination
Proportion of seed that germinate under proper condition.
num
Image Analysis Screen Mass3
Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.5 mm - 2.2 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.
Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch incidence.
StritInc Estimation
spikelet/spike
Image Analysis Screen Count2
Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.8 ? 2.5 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.
Proceed following the protocol for sampling of grains or leaves for CID in Chapter 6 in Pask et al., 2012. Mass spectrometers generate differential values of stable carbon isotope composition (?13C), expressed negative values in parts per thousand (?) (Farquhar et al., 1989): ?13C (?) = [(Rsample/Rstandard)?1] × 1000. Where: the ratio of heavy to light isotope (R = 13C/12C) for the sample is in comparison to Peedee Belemnite (PDB) carbonate (limestone) standard. Following Farquhar et al. (1989) ? rather than using carbon isotope composition values (?13C), positive values for CID (?13C) can be calculated for easier statistical analysis as: ?13C = [(?a-?p)]/[1 + (?p/1000)]
CID determination
joules
Image Analysis Screen Mass1
Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains greater than 2.8 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.
SN Computation
Calculated from yield components sampling.
RsolaInc Estimation
Standard method for rhizoctonia root rot incidence.
GrnSpk
Grain number per spike
Number of grains per spike.
Grain number
Spike photosynthesis contribution
Photosynthetic contribution of the spike (ear) to grain yield.
Spike Photosynthesis
SpkPho
Hd
Heading time extends from the time of emergence of the tip of the spike from the flag leaf sheath to when the spike has completely emerged but has not yet started to flower.
Heading time
Heading time
Emer
Emergence time is when the first leaf appears above the soil surface.
Emergence time
Emergence time
Boot DS39 DT Computation
Number of days from sowing to initiation of booting (DS39-DS41). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date.
Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration.
GFP pct Computation
AwnCol Estimation
Standard method for awn color.
LeafThk Measurement
Standard method for leaf thickness.
Nitrogen content
Straw Nitrogen content
STRNitr
Nitrogen content of the above ground straw biomass.
Bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia tritici (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt).
Tilletia tritici bunt incidence
TtritInc
Tilletia tritici bunt incidence
HailDmg Estimation
Score the damage caused by hail.
Nitrogen utilization efficiency as the grain dry mass in relation to the total amount of Nitrogen in above-ground plant at harvest.
Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency
NutE
Grain Nitrogen utilization efficiency
LeafPSSRa
Chlorophyll content
Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes ONLY chlorophyll-a. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants.
Mixograph type
Dough mixograph type
MixTyp
Mixograph type (mixograph curve) is used for determining the strength of dough.
g
Standard method for canopy temperature depression.
CTD Computation
Fusarium head blight spike incidence
FHBSpkInc
Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in spikes caused by the agent fusarium spp.
Fusarium head blight spike incidence
1-3 GROWTHCLS scale
LeafLng Measurement
Standard method for leaf length.
grains/tiller
Grain starch content
Starch content
Gstarch
Content of starch (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples.
Light interception
Light energy intercepted by the canopy.
LI
Canopy light interception
Shattering Estimation
Standard method for spike shattering.
PH Estimation
Score a relative plant height to local check using 1-5 scale where 3 is used for the local check (1 = short, 5 = tall). Assessment of plant height compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment.
Grain yellow berry incidence
Refers to grains showing chalky or starchy endosperm areas.
GYellBer
Yellow berry incidence
Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives.
BM Computation
TSpl date Estimation
Record date of terminal spikelet stage (DS25-30 approx.). It is estimated as the date at which the final spikelet can be observed on the forming spike within the stem of the main culm, typically measured on around 3-5 plants per plot. It required a main tiller dissection and an observation of the apex on an optic magnifier.
Standard method for Spot blotch incidence.
HsatiLInc Estimation
Standard method for sedimentation index.
SedIdx Measurement
Bacterial leaf streak severity
Bacterial leaf streak severity
Bacterial leaf streak severity in the plants caused by the agent Xanthomonas translucens. The disease, called black chaff when on the glumes.
BLSSev
FlrYld Measurement
Standard method for flour yield.
RepP Computation
Calculated as time between double ridge (approx. DS14) and anthesis (DS65) as percentage of crop cycle duration.
Image Analysis Screen Count5
Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.0 ? 1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.
s/m
Nitrogen content of the above ground biomass.
Nitrogen content
Above ground biomass nitrogen content
BMNitr
Booting time
Boot
Booting time
Booting time is just prior to spike emergence, when the flag leaf sheath encloses the growing spike.
g/day
Bird damage
BirdDmg
Bird damage
The plant damage caused by birds.
Rodent damage
Rodent damage
RodentDmg
The plant damage caused by rodent.
STRNUp
Nitrogen uptake
Straw Nitrogen uptake
Uptake of Nitrogen in the whole above ground straw.
scale_of
Laboratory seed test for germination should be carried out before seeding to calculate seeding rates or determine the status of storage seed. The percentage of seeds capable of producing normal seedlings under ordinarily favorable conditions (not including seeds which produce weak, malformed, or obviously abnormal sprouts), determined by methods ISTA seed testing protocols.
Germ Measurement
Water index
Canopy water index
Water index use reflectance at 970 nm as a wavelength sensitive to water content, while reflectance at 900 nm is taken as a reference which is similarly affected by canopy and leaf structures but with null absorption by water.
WI
Barley helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence in the plants caused by the agent Drechslera graminea (helminthosporium gramineum).
Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence
HgramInc
Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence
All above-ground biomass at maturity.
Aboveground biomass at maturity
Aboveground biomass at maturity
BM
ISBM Measurement
Sampling is typically performed at sequential developmental stages/time intervals through crop growth. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. In most cases, determinations of dry mass are made on representative sub-samples to reduce oven space requirement, take additional measurements (e.g., fertile culm count) etc. Several protocols available (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives.
Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until terminal spikelet(thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2.
TTTS Computation
LRollSev Estimation
Standard method for leaf rolling severity.
m
Seedling host responses are normally scored as susceptible or resistant depending on the infection type produced with a designated isolate in a particular environment. The infection type produced will often change if the environment is altered.
Seedling rust field response Estimation
Ant DS65 DT Computation
Number of days required from sowing to when 50% of spikes have flowered (DS65). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date.
AlTol
Aluminum tolerance
Plant tolerance to aluminum.
Aluminum tolerance
It is the rate of dry matter production per unit area.
Crop growth rate
Biomass production
CGR
LAI can be determined directly by taking a sample of canopy from a plant canopy, measuring the leaf area per sample plot with an area meter or image scanner and dividing it by the plot land surface area. Indirect methods use ceptometer to measure canopy geometry or light extinction and relate it to LAI. (LAI = leaf area / ground area, m2 / m2).
LAI Computation
GIron Measurement
Standard method for grain iron content.
1-3 STMSOL scale
Yield
GY
Amount (weight) of grains that was harvested.
Grain yield
WMFlrFN Measurement
Standard method for whole meal flour falling number.
Time period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87).
GFP
Grain filling period
Grain filling period
AwnLng Measurement
Standard method for awn length.
Phenotypic acceptability
Agronomic score
AgrScr
Rating of overall agronomic attributes and health of plants.
grain/spikelet
Neck break
Observation of spike break from the base of head.
Peduncle neck break
NeckBreak
0-9 RCERE scale
Calculated as sum of straw Nitrogen content and grain Nitrogen content according to the biomass partition into straw and grain.
BM NIRS Computation
1-5 RELTPH scale
1-6 SPKTYPE scale
Standard method for crop growth rate.
CropGrwRate Computation
Number of days from sowing to double ridge (DS14-15 approx.). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date.
DR DT Computation
method_of