Wheat trait Wheat trait Biological yield Aboveground biomass at maturity Aboveground biomass at maturity BM All above-ground biomass at maturity. Difference between ambient temperature and canopy temperature. Canopy temperature depression CTD Canopy temperature depression Heading time Heading time Hd Heading time extends from the time of emergence of the tip of the spike from the flag leaf sheath to when the spike has completely emerged but has not yet started to flower. Plant early vigour ErlVig Plant early vigour Seedling vigour Plant early vigor Capacity of a seedling or plant to grow vegetatively in early stages of development. Proportion of seed that germinate under proper condition. Germ Grain germination Grain germination Seed germination Moisture content of grain. Grain moisture content GMoi Grain moisture content GY Amount (weight) of grains that was harvested. Grain yield Grain yield Crop ground cover, or the percentage of soil surface covered by plant foliage. GrndCov Crop ground cover Crop ground cover The growth habit of the plant whether erect/semi-erect/semi-spreading/spreading/prostrate. GrwHabit Plant growth habit Plant growth habit Growth stage Growth stage Growth/developmental stages based on Zadoks decimal code. GrwStg Grain number Grain number Number of grains expressed as per unit area or sample. Kernel number GN StomaCond Leaf stomatal conductance Leaf stomatal conductance Rate of passage of either water vapor or carbon dioxide through the stomata. Plant height Plant height PH Height of plant from ground to top of spike, excluding awns. Emer Emergence time Emergence time Emergence time is when the first leaf appears above the soil surface. Maturity time Maturity time starts at hard dough stage (ds87) often called physiological maturity. Mat Maturity time Grain weight usually expressed as weight of single, one hundred, two hundred or thousand grains. Grain weight kernel weight Grain weight GW Awn length Awn length Awn length. AwnLng Spike awnedness Awns Spike awnedness Observation of awn type whether awnless/awnletted (short awns)/awned (conspicious awns). Leaf chlorophyll content Chl Leaf chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes both chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Length of coleoptile (a protective sheath that surrounds the shoot tip and the embryonic leaves of the young shoot of grasses). Coleoptile length ColeopLng Coleoptile length Glume color Glume color Color observation on the outer glume at maturity. GlmCol Glume length Glume length Length of glume. GlmLng Glume hairiness GlmPubDen Glume hairiness density on outer side of sterile glume. Glume pubescence density Glume pubescence density Glume pubescence length Glume pubescence length Glume pubescence length on outer side of sterile glume. GlmPubLng Glaucousness in glume. GlmGlau Glume glaucousness Glume glaucousness Glume waxiness Width of glume. Glume width Glume width GlmWid Kernel color Grain color Grain color GCol Grain color. GrnSpk Grain number per spike Grain number per spike Number of grains per spike. Kernel number per spike grains per spike GPlump Grain plumpness Grain plumpness The degree of endosperm filling. Kernel size GSize Grain size. Grain size Grain size Grain number per spikelet GrnSpl Number of grains per spikelet. Kernel number per spikelet Grain number per spikelet One of the key quality parameters in the determination of durum quality referring to translucent or glass-like appearance when seeds are transversely sectioned and observed whether not vitreous/partly vitreous/vitreous. it is associated with high protein and hard grain. Grain vitreousness Grain vitreousness Seed vitreousness GVtr LeafLng Leaf length Length of leaf. Leaf length Leaf pubescence density LeafPubDen Leaf pubescence density Leaf hairiness density. Leaf pubescence length Leaf pubescence length LeafPubLng Leaf pubescent length. Leaf thickness Measurement of leaf thickness. Leaf thickness LeafThk LeafGlau Glaucousness in leaf. Leaf glaucousness Leaf glaucousness Width of leaf. Leaf width Leaf width LeafWid Observation of spike break from the base of head. Peduncle neck break Peduncle neck break NeckBreak NodeN Node number Node number Number of nodes in the main stem. PedLng Peduncle length Length of peduncle. Peduncle length Peduncle pubescence density PedPubDen Peduncle pubescence density Peduncle hairiness density. Peduncle glaucousness Glaucousness in peduncle. PedGlau Peduncle glaucousness Spike density Density or compactness of a wheat spike. Spike density ear compactness Spike compactness SpkDen SpkLng Length of spike. Spike length Spike length Spike shattering Spike shattering Observation of grains dehiscence from spike at maturity. Shattering Spikelet number Spikelet number Number of spikelets per spike. SplN Canopy stay green StayGreen Ability of the plant to remain/maintain green leaves, stems and spikes at the time of senescing. Canopy stay green Culm length Stem length StmLng Stem length Length of stem. Stem solidness StmSol Stem solidness Culm solidness Solidness of stem. Culm diameter Straw diameter Stem diameter Stem diameter Stem outer diameter. StmDia Resistance to diffusion of water vapor through a plant stomata. Leaf stomatal resistance StomaRes Leaf stomatal resistance Cookie spread factor Cookie spread factor The ratio between average height and width of cookies. CookSdF Bread crumb structure CrmStr The cellular structure of wheat bread crumb. Bread crumb structure The falling number is defined as the time in seconds required stirring and allowing stirrer to fall a measured distance through a hot aqueous flour or meal gel undergoing liquefaction due to a-amylase activity. FlrFN Flour falling number Flour falling number FlrProt Total protein content (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in refined flour. Flour protein content Flour protein content Proportion of flour recovered during milling. Flour yield Flour yield FlrYld GLUCON FLRGluCon Flour gluten content Content of wet gluten in flour. Flour gluten content Gluten type whether weak-tenacious/tenacious/weak/medium strong/strong. GluTyp Flour gluten type Flour gluten type WMFlrFN Whole meal flour falling number Whole meal flour falling number Indication of the amount of sprout damage that has occurred within a wheat sample. falling number value of 350 seconds or longer indicates a low enzyme activity and very sound wheat quality. as the amount of enzyme activity increases, the falling number decreases. Values below 200 seconds indicate high levels of enzyme activity. Grain hardness Grain texture GHrd Grain hardness Grain hardness is used as a grading factor to determine the type of wheat. It is a key determinant for classification of wheat and end product quality. GProt Grain protein content Grain protein content Content of protein (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Semolina protein content SemoProt Semolina protein content Protein content in durum wheat semolina. Semolina color The semolina color. Semolina color SemoCol Acid soil tolerance Acid soil tolerance Plant tolerance to acid soil. AcdTol Aluminum tolerance AlTol Aluminum tolerance Plant tolerance to aluminum. Cold tolerance ColdTol Low temperature tolerance Cold tolerance Plant tolerance to lower temperatures than the optimum. Cold susceptibility Pre-harvest sprouting tolerance SproutTol Sprouting tolerance Tolerance of grain to sprout when in the spike. Sprouting tolerance AtritResp Alternaria leaf blight response in the plants caused by the agent Alternaria triticina. Alternaria leaf blight plant response Alternaria leaf blight plant response Ant damage AntDmg The plant damage caused by ants. Ant damage Aphid damage AphDmg DMGAPH The plant damage caused by various species of aphids. Aphid damage Armyworm damage ArmyWDmg The plant damage caused by armyworm. Armyworm damage Bird damage The plant damage caused by birds. Bird damage BirdDmg Hessian fly damage Hessian fly damage HesFlyDmg The plant damage caused by hessian fly, Maytiola destructor. InsectDmg Insect damage The plant damage caused by insects. Insect damage The plant damage caused by rodent. RodentDmg Rodent damage Rodent damage Russian wheat aphid damage The plant damage caused by Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxis. DnoxiDmg Russian wheat aphid damage SawflyDmg Sawfly damage Sawfly damage The plant damage caused by sawfly, Cephus cinctus. Snail damage SnailDmg Snail damage The plant damage caused by snails. SuPDmg The plant damage caused by suni pest (Eurygaster spp., sunn pest, suni bug). Suni pest damage Suni pest damage Barley stripe mosaic incidence BSMV Barley stripe mosaic incidence in the plants caused by barley stripe mosaic virus. Barley stripe mosaic incidence BYDInc Barley yellow dwarf incidence Barley yellow dwarf incidence Wheat yellow dwarf incidence in the plants caused by the agent wheat yellow dwarf virus. Black point incidence Black point incidence Black point incidence in the plants caused by the fungal species such as Helminthosporium sativum (Cochliobolus sativus), Alternaria alternata and fusarium spp. also black point symptoms are associated to physiological disorders. BlkPtInc Tilletia laevis bunt incidence Tilletia laevis bunt incidence Bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia laevis (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt). TlaevInc Bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia tritici (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt). TtritInc Tilletia tritici bunt incidence Tilletia tritici bunt incidence TcontInc Dwarf bunt incidence Dwarf bunt incidence Dwarf bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia controversa. Eye spot response in the plants caused by the fungal species Tapesia yallundae (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoide w-type) and Tapesia acuformis (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides r-type). Symptoms: the eye shape elliptical lesions forms on lower base of stem and lower leaf sheath. The eyespots are straw yellow in color from the middle and are surrounded by the greenish brown to dark brown rings. Eyespot plant response Eyespot plant response PherpResp Flag smut plant response Flag smut plant response Flag smut disease response in the plants caused by the agent Urocystic agropyri causing flag smut disease. UagroResp TindiInc Karnal bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia indica (syn. Neovossia indica). Karnal bunt incidence Karnal bunt incidence SGNDmg The wheat seed-gall nematode damage caused by Anguina tritici. Seed gall nematode damage Seed gall nematode damage Cyst nematode damage Cyst nematode damage The wheat cyst nematode damage caused by cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae. HavenDmg Pratylenchus neglectus damage Pratylenchus neglectus damage The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus. PnegleDmg PthornDmg Pratylenchus thornei damage Pratylenchus thornei damage The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei. SrolfResp Southern blight response in the plants caused by the agent Corticum rolfsii (Sclerotium rolfsii). Southern blight plant response Southern blight plant response SROLF Take all incidence Take-all incidence in the plants caused by the agent Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (ggt). Take all incidence GgtriInc Anthesis or flowering time is the period during which a flower is fully open and functional. pollination and fertilization occur during this period. Ant Anthesis time Flowering time Anthesis time Biomass partitioning to grain HI Harvest index A ratio of grain yield to total above ground biomass. Harvest index Bread loaf volume LofVol Baking quality of flour describing bread loaf volume. Bread loaf volume Hail damage Plant damage caused by hail. HailDmg Hail damage Frost damage FrostDmg Plant damage caused by frost. Frost damage Waterlogging damage Plants killed as a result of winter conditions. WtrLoggDmg Waterlogging damage DroughtTol Drought tolerance Drought tolerance Plant tolerance to drought conditions. Salinity tolerance SaltTol Plant tolerance to soil salinity. Salinity tolerance Flag leaf area FLeafA Flag leaf area Area of the flag leaf lamina. Leaf stomatal size StomaSiz Leaf stomatal size Stomata size. Leaf stomatal frequency Number of stomata counted per unit area on the leaf surface. Leaf stomatal frequency StomaFrq Dough alveograph value W AlvW Strength of dough Dough strength by alveograph. W value is the area under the curve. it is a combination of dough strength (p value) and extensibility (l value). Dough alveograph value W W value Dough strength and extensibility Dough alveograph P/L Dough alveograph P/L Ratio of tenacity (p; maximum pressure required for the deformation of the sample) and extensibility (l; length of the curve) of dough. AlvPL FlrSDS Testing of refined flour quality by sds-sedimentation, a test estimating gluten-protein overall quality. Flour SDS sedimentation Flour SDS sedimentation FLRSDS whole meal flour SDS-sedimentation WMFlrSDS Whole meal flour SDS sedimentation grain SDS-sedimentation Whole meal flour SDS sedimentation Testing of whole-meal flour quality by SDS-sedimentation, a test estimating gluten-protein overall quality. Dough Mixograph mixing time MixTim Time required for the dough development from beginning of mixing flour and water to the dough reaches maximum consistency (peak). Dough Mixograph mixing time GluA1 Glutenin Glu-A1 composition Glutenin Glu-A1 composition High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-a1. Glutenin Glu-B1 composition High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-b1. GluB1 Glutenin Glu-B1 composition Glutenin Glu-D1 composition High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-d1. Glutenin Glu-D1 composition GluD1 Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-a3. GluA3 Glutenin Glu-A3 composition Glutenin Glu-A3 composition Glutenin Glu-B3 composition GluB3 Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-b3. Glutenin Glu-B3 composition GluD3 Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-d3. Glutenin Glu-D3 composition Glutenin Glu-D3 composition Translocation 1BL/1RS T1BL1RS The 1bl/1rs translocation in wheat resulted from replacing the short arm of the chromosome 1b of wheat by the short arm of the chromosome 1r of rye (Secale cereale l.). Translocation 1BL/1RS 1BL/1RS translocation TestWt Grain specific weigh Grain test weight Test weight or specific weight is the weight of a fixed volume of clean grains. Test weight Grain hectoliter weight Grain test weight Relative sedimentation index SedIdx Specific sedimentation value Flour SDS sedimentation index Flour SDS sedimentation index Is the result of dividing sedimentation volume by flour protein content. Root lesion nematode damage The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp. Root lesion nematode damage RLNDmg AgrScr Agronomic score Agronomic score Phenotypic acceptability Rating of overall agronomic attributes and health of plants. Plants killed as a result of winter conditions. WKill Winter kill damage Winter susceptibility Winter kill damage Spike sterility index Spike sterility index SpkSterility Spike sterility observed as infertile florets. SN Ear number Number of spikes (fertile culms) per unit area, sample or plant. Spike number Spike number Indicates incidence of lodged plants. Lodg Lodging incidence Lodging incidence Fusarium wilt incidence Fusarium wilt incidence FoxiWilt Fusarium wilt incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium oxysporum. HtereInc Net blotch incidence Net blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (helminthosporium teres). Net blotch incidence SBMVInc Soil borne mosaic incidence in the plants caused by the agent soilborne wheat mosaic virus (sbwmv) which is vectored by Plasmodiophorid polymyxa graminis. Soil borne mosaic incidence Soil borne mosaic incidence Grain yellow berry incidence Refers to grains showing chalky or starchy endosperm areas. GYellBer Grain yellow berry incidence A physiological phenomenon caused by hot, dry and windy weather. the whole tip of the flag leaf tends to be necrotic and will often fold over. leaf tip necrosis progresses from the margins of the flag leaf tip and lower leaves as well show some signs of it. leaf tip necrosis is observed to some extent in all wheat varieties containing the leaf rust gene resistance gene lr34. Leaf tip necrosis incidence Leaf tip necrosis incidence LeafTNecro HeatTol Heat tolerance Heat tolerance Plant tolerance to heat conditions. Stem rust plant response Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. PgramResp Stem rust plant response Stem rust Leaf rust (brown rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf rust plant response PrecoResp Leaf rust plant response Stripe rust plant response Stripe rust (yellow rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. PstriResp Stripe rust Stripe rust plant response Double ridge time Double ridge time is just when apex changes from the vegetative to the reproductive stage. DRidge Double ridge time FND First node detectable time First node detectable time is when the stem starts the elongation or jointing period, first node becomes visible as it appears above the soil surface. First node detectable time Leaf area index It is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes plant canopies and defined as the leaf area per unit ground surface area. Leaf area index LAI Plant hybrid necrosis incidence Dwarf clumping Plant hybrid necrosis incidence HNecro Observation of hybrid necrosis. Plant population or plant density. Plant stand Plant establishment Plant population Plant stand Crop stand Plant density PlntStnd An tillering capacity. Plant Tillering capacity TllrCapacity Tillering capacity Tillering capacity Number of total tillers (fertile and infertile) per unit area, sample or plant. Tiller number Tiller number TN Boot Booting time Booting time is just prior to spike emergence, when the flag leaf sheath encloses the growing spike. Booting time Canopy temperature CT The surface temperature of the canopy is related to the amount of transpiration resulting in evaporative cooling. Canopy temperature Flag leaf senescence Flag leaf senescence. FLeafSen Flag leaf senescence Grain carbon isotope discrimination at maturity from drought trials provides genotypic effects most likely to be related to transpiration rate or an integrative measurement of stomatal conductance. Grain carbon isotope discrimination GCID Grain carbon isotope discrimination Leaves carbon isotope discrimination can be measured in the leaves during early canopy development in well irrigated trials, in which case genotypic effects will be related mainly to transpiration efficiency. Leaf carbon isotope discrimination Leaf carbon isotope discrimination LeafCID NPQI Canopy normalized pheophytinization index Canopy normalized pheophytinization index Normalized pheophytinization index can be used to detect chlorophyll degradation. Canopy normalized water index 1 NWI1 Canopy normalized water index 1 Normalized water index 1 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). Canopy normalized water index 2 Canopy normalized water index 2 NWI2 Normalized water index 2 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). Normalized water index 3 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). Canopy normalized water index 3 Canopy normalized water index 3 NWI3 Normalized water index 4 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). NWI4 Canopy normalized water index 4 Canopy normalized water index 4 Photochemical reflectance index is correlated with the de-epoxidation stage of the xanthophylls cycle, with zeaxanthin, and with radiation-use efficiency (filella et al., 1996). higher pri values indicate greater efficiency. PRI Canopy photochemical reflectance index Canopy photochemical reflectance index Rarsc is an estimation of carotenoid content. Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid RARSc Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll a Rarsa is an estimation of chlorophyll a content. Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll a RARSa Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll b Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll b Rarsb is an estimation of chlorophyll b content. RARSb A vegetation index related with canopy structure, light absorption and photosynthetic capacity. Canopy simple ratio Canopy simple ratio SR Stem water soluble carbohydrate Water soluble carbohydrates accumulate up to and around anthesis and are partitioned to the stem, from where they are later available as a reservoir for remobilization to the developing grains. These reserves are an important source of carbon for grain filling. StmWSC Stem water soluble carbohydrate Canopy structural independent pigment index Canopy structural independent pigment index Structural independent pigment index uses wavelengths showing the best semi-empirical estimation of the carotenoid chlorophyll a ratio (car:chla ratio), and its formulation minimizes the disrupting effects of leaf surface and mesophyll structure. SIPI Canopy water index Water index use reflectance at 970 nm as a wavelength sensitive to water content, while reflectance at 900 nm is taken as a reference which is similarly affected by canopy and leaf structures but with null absorption by water. WI Canopy water index AlvIe Dough alveograph extensibility index It is the extensibility index of the dough. (p200/p)*100; p200: pressure (p) at 4 cm (l= 40mm) of the curve. Dough alveograph extensibility index G value Dough alveograph value G Index of swelling G stands for the square root of the volume of air in the bubble that was possible before the bubble burst. shows how flexible the dough was during the test. Dough alveograph value G AlvG AlvL Dough alveograph value L L value is the extensibility of the dough before the bubble breaks. it is indicated by the length of the curve. L value Dough alveograph value L Dough extensibility Dough alveograph value P P value is the force required to blow the bubble of dough. it is indicated by the maximum height of the curve. Dough tenacity P value Dough alveograph value P Dough resistance AlvP Flour color. Flour color FlrCol Flour color Grain use type Bread wheat end use quality is classified according several quality attributes. UseTyp Grain end use type Grain end use type Grain Iron content Grain Iron content Content of iron in grain. GIron Grain phosphorous content GPhos Grain phosphorous content Content of phosphorus in grain. Content of zinc in grain. Grain Zinc content Grain Zinc content GZinc Dough mixograph torque It is the torque measured during the mixograph test. Dough mixograph torque MixTq Whole meal flour color The whole meal flour color. WMFlrCol Whole meal flour color MixTyp Mixograph type (mixograph curve) is used for determining the strength of dough. Dough mixograph type Dough mixograph type BM Measurement BM Measurement Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994; Reynolds et al., 2001; Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. CTD Computation CTD Computation Standard method for canopy temperature depression. Hd DS55 days Computation Hd DS55 days Computation Number of days required from sowing to spike emergence from the flag leaf (DS55). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Mat DS87 DT Computation Mat DS87 DT Computation Number of days required from sowing to physiological maturity (approx. DS87). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Observe vigour of the plants per plot/entry and rate it. ErlVig Estimation ErlVig Estimation Laboratory seed test for germination should be carried out before seeding to calculate seeding rates or determine the status of storage seed. The percentage of seeds capable of producing normal seedlings under ordinarily favorable conditions (not including seeds which produce weak, malformed, or obviously abnormal sprouts), determined by methods ISTA seed testing protocols. Germ Measurement Germ Measurement GMoi Estimation Moisture content is determined by drying a grain wheat sample in an air oven and comparing the weight of the sample before and after heating. The amount of weight loss is the moisture content. Moisture content results are expressed as a percentage. GMoi Estimation The weight of the grain harvested is registered on a scale, decide which method suit better for your objectives. In breeding trials, a sample area (rather than the whole plot) is generally used for estimating yield. Discard borders when combine harvest for a better estimation of yield. GY Measurement GY Measurement Standard method for ground cover at 5 leaves stage. GrndCov Measurement (GS15) GrndCov Measurement (GS15) GrwHabit Estimation GrwHabit Estimation Observe the growth habit of wheat plants during tillering stages and rate whether erect/semi-erect/prostrate/semi-spreading/spreading GrwStg Zadoks Estimation GrwStg Zadoks Estimation Observe the growth stage or development stage (DS) of wheat plants using the Zadoks scale decimal code, based on 10 major stages, with each stage divided into sub-stages. Standard method for stomatal conductance. StomaCond Measurement StomaCond Measurement PH Measurement PH Measurement Measure the length of individual culms from soil surface to the tip of the spike (do not include awn) and record to the nearest centimeter. (Average of 4-10 plants/culms per plot). Number of days from sowing to the seedling emergence (DS10). Emer DS10 days Computation Emer DS10 days Computation Mat DS87 relative Estimation Assessment of physiological maturity (approx. DS87) compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. Mat DS87 relative Estimation Hd DS55 relative Estimation Hd DS55 relative Estimation Assessment of heading (DS55) compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. PH Estimation PH Estimation Score a relative plant height to local check using 1-5 scale where 3 is used for the local check (1 = short, 5 = tall). Assessment of plant height compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. Dry grains at 70oC and weigh. GW Measurement GW Measurement AwnLng Measurement Standard method for awn length. AwnLng Measurement Standard method for awnedness. Awns Estimation Awns Estimation The chlorophyll content of leaves (and other green tissues) can be quickly, and non-destructively measured using a hand-held battery portable optical meter (e.g., Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter) which measures the chlorophyll content via light transmittance (absorbance of red light at 650 nm and infrared light at 940 nm) and compensates for differing leaf thicknesses. Readings from the instrument are not absolute chlorophyll values, instead each reading is a ‘chlorophyll concentration index’ (CCI; ranging from 0 to 99.9). Measurements are typically made on the flag leaf (once fully expanded), although measurements of lower leaves may be taken to assess canopy chlorophyll profiles. Chl Measurement Chl Measurement ColeopLng Measurement ColeopLng Measurement Standard method for coleoptile length. GlmCol Estimation GlmCol Estimation Standard method for glume color. GlmLng Measurement GlmLng Measurement Standard method for glume length. GlmPubDen Estimation GlmPubDen Estimation Standard method for glume pubescence density. Standard method for glume pubescence length. GlmPubLng Measurement GlmPubLng Measurement Standard method for glume glaucousness. GlmGlau Estimation GlmGlau Estimation Standard method for glume width. GlmWid Measurement GlmWid Measurement GCol Estimation Standard method for grain color. GCol Estimation GrnSpk Computation GrnSpk Computation The number of grains per spike can be measured independently by threshing a known number of randomly selected spikes per plot (10-20 spikes per plot) or can be calculated as: Grains per spike (GSP) = grains m2 / spikes m2. Standard method for grain plumpness. GPlump Estimation GPlump Estimation GSize Estimation Visual observation of grains size. GSize Estimation GrnSpl Computation Sample as for spikelets per spike randomly select 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the spikelets, thresh, count grains, and calculate; or less accurately simply calculate from calculated grains per spike and measured spikelet number. GrnSpl Computation GVtr Estimation GVtr Estimation Standard method for seed vitreousness. Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results LeafLng Measurement Standard method for leaf length. LeafLng Measurement LeafPubDen Estimation Standard method for leaf pubescence density. LeafPubDen Estimation LeafPubLng Measurement LeafPubLng Measurement Standard method for leaf pubescence length. Standard method for leaf thickness. LeafThk Measurement LeafThk Measurement LeafGlau Estimation Standard method for leaf glaucousness. LeafGlau Estimation LeafWid Measurement Standard method for leaf width. LeafWid Measurement Standard method for neck break. NeckBreak Estimation NeckBreak Estimation Standard method for node number. NodeN Counting NodeN Counting PedLng Measurement Standard method for peduncle length. PedLng Measurement Standard method for peduncle pubescence density. PedPubDen Estimation PedPubDen Estimation PedGlau Estimation PedGlau Estimation Standard method for peduncle glaucousness. DroughtTol Estimation DroughtTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under droughted condition and rate the tolerance. SpkDen Estimation SpkDen Estimation Standard method for spike density. SpkLng Measurement Measured in centimeters from the base of the spike to the tip excluding the awns (average of 6-10 random spikes in plot). SpkLng Measurement Shattering Estimation Shattering Estimation Standard method for spike shattering. SplN Counting Both the total number of spikelets and the number of fertile spikelets (i.e., those containing grain) per spike should be counted towards the end of grain-filling, but before physiological maturity (to avoid losses due to movement through the plots). Randomly sample 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the total number of spikelets (pair-by-pair, from the base to the tip), then obtain the average. When sampling large numbers of samples or plots, time may be saved by randomly counting one side of the spike and multiplying by two. SplN Counting StayGreen Estimation StayGreen Estimation Stay-green assessment is conducted through the growing season, starting with the onset of the senescence of the specific organ to be evaluated. Common bunt spike incidence Common bunt spike incidence Common bunt (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia species. TilSpSpkInc StmLng Measurement StmLng Measurement Standard method for stem length. Standard method for stem solidness. StmSol Estimation StmSol Estimation Standard method for stem diameter. StmDia Measurement StmDia Measurement Standard method for stomatal resistance. StomaRes Measurement StomaRes Measurement Standard method for cookie spread factor. CookSdF Measurement CookSdF Measurement CrmStr Estimation CrmStr Estimation Standard method for crumb structure. FlrFN Measurement 1. A 7-gram sample of ground wheat or flour is weighed and combined with 25 milliliter of distilled water in a glass falling number tube with a stirrer and shaken to form a slurry. When grinding a wheat sample to perform a falling number test, it should be at least 300 grams to assure a representative sample; 2. As the slurry is heated in a boiling water bath at 100° Centigrade and stirred constantly, the starch gelatinizes and forms a thick paste; 3. The time it takes the stirrer to drop through the paste is recorded as the falling number value. FlrFN Measurement Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B. Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B FlrYld Measurement Standard method for flour yield. FlrYld Measurement 1. A 10-gram sample of flour or ground wheat is weighed and placed into the glutomatic washing chamber on top of the polyester screen; 2. The sample is mixed and washed with a 2 percent salt solution for 5 minutes; 3. The wet gluten is removed from the washing chamber, placed in the centrifuge holder, and centrifuged; 4. The residue retained on top of the screen and through the screen is weighed. FLRGluCon Measurement FLRGluCon Measurement GluTyp Estimation Gluten type is determined based on gluten properties data (flour protein content, Alveograph W, Alveograph P/L) following Peña 2011: Wheat End-use Quality types. GluTyp Estimation WMFlrFN Measurement WMFlrFN Measurement Standard method for whole meal flour falling number. FHBSpkInc Estimation FHBSpkInc Estimation Standard method for FHB spike incidence. Standard method for grain hardness class. GHrd Measurement GHrd Measurement AcdTol Estimation AcdTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a low pH (acid) soil field and rate the tolerance. AlTol Estimation AlTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a soil presenting aluminum toxicity and rate the tolerance. NDVI Canopy normalized difference vegetation index Canopy normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. ColdTol Estimation ColdTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at temperature lower than the optimum temperature and rate the tolerance. Observe the tendency of grain to sprout when in the spike and rate the tolerance. SproutTol Estimation SproutTol Estimation AtritResp Estimation AtritResp Estimation Standard method for Alternaria leaf blight field response. AntDmg Estimation AntDmg Estimation Standard method for ant damage. AphDmg Estimation AphDmg Estimation Standard method for aphid damage. Standard method for armyworm damage. ArmyWDmg Estimation ArmyWDmg Estimation Standard method for bird damage. BirdDmg Estimation BirdDmg Estimation Standard method for hessian fly damage. HesFlyDmg Estimation HesFlyDmg Estimation RodentDmg Estimation RodentDmg Estimation Standard method for rodent damage. DnoxiDmg Estimation DnoxiDmg Estimation Standard method for russian wheat aphid damage. Standard method for sawfly damage. SawflyDmg Estimation SawflyDmg Estimation Standard method for snail damage. SnailDmg Estimation SnailDmg Estimation Standard method for suni pest damage. SuPDmg Estimation SuPDmg Estimation BSMV Estimation BSMV Estimation Standard method for barley stripe mosaic virus incidence. Standard method for barley yellow dwarf incidence. BYDInc Estimation BYDInc Estimation Tilletia laevis incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. TlaevInc Estimation TlaevInc Estimation TtritInc Estimation Tilletia tritici incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. TtritInc Estimation TcontInc Estimation TcontInc Estimation Standard method for dwarf bunt incidence. Standard method for eye spot field response. PherpResp Estimation PherpResp Estimation Standard method for flag smut field response. UagroResp Estimation UagroResp Estimation FHBSpkResp Estimation FHBSpkResp Estimation Standard method for FHB spike response. TindiInc Estimation Standard method for karnal bunt incidence. TindiInc Estimation Modified cobb scale for severity Modified cobb scale for severity Severity of leaf/stem/stripe rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. Standard method for loose smut incidence. UtritInc Estimation UtritInc Estimation Distorted leaves and stems are evident prior to heading. As diseased plants approach maturity, galls are formed in the florets, replacing the kernels. The galls are similar in shape to the seed they replace and are dark brown in color. Large numbers of motile larvae are present within the galls and become active after the galls have been moistened. These nematodes can act as vectors of Clavibacter tritici. SGNDmg Estimation SGNDmg Estimation HavenDmg Estimation Cereal cyst nematodes are more readily detected on seedlings than on adult plants. The roots of infested plants develop frequent branches and swellings (cysts). HavenDmg Estimation PnegleDmg Estimation Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. PnegleDmg Estimation Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. PthornDmg Estimation PthornDmg Estimation Standard method for powdery mildew incidence. EgramInc Estimation EgramInc Estimation Standard method for southern blight response. SrolfResp Estimation SrolfResp Estimation HsatiLLegacy Estimation Standard method for Spot blotch legacy. HsatiLLegacy Estimation StritLegacy Estimation Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch legacy. StritLegacy Estimation GgtriInc Estimation Standard method for take all incidence. GgtriInc Estimation Number of days required from sowing to when 50% of spikes have flowered (DS65). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Ant DS65 DT Computation Ant DS65 DT Computation LofVol Measurement LofVol Measurement Standard method for loaf volume. Standard method for Fusarium leaf blotch incidence. FnivLBInc Estimation FnivLBInc Estimation HailDmg Estimation HailDmg Estimation Score the damage caused by hail. FrostDmg Estimation Score the spike damage caused by frost. FrostDmg Estimation WtrLoggDmg Estimation WtrLoggDmg Estimation Score the damage caused by waterlogging Standard method for Septoria nodorum blotch legacy. SnodoLegacy Estimation SnodoLegacy Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at the field presenting soil salinity and rate the tolerance. SaltTol Estimation SaltTol Estimation TanSpotResp Tan spot plant response Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) response in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Tan spot plant response Standard method for Bacterial leaf blight incidence. BLBInc Estimation BLBInc Estimation FLeafA Measurement FLeafA Measurement Standard method for flag leaf area. StomaSiz Measurement StomaSiz Measurement Standard method for stomatal size. StomaFrq Counting StomaFrq Counting Standard method for stomatal frequency. RLNDmg Estimation RLNDmg Estimation Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. For agronomic score observe visually detectable signs of factors limiting yields and rate. AgrScr Estimation AgrScr Estimation WKill Estimation Observe winterkill of plants per plot and rate it. WKill Estimation SpkSterility Estimation SpkSterility Estimation Standard method for sterility index. SN Measurement SN Measurement It can be easily and non-destructively measured during grain-filling (i.e., before physiological maturity) by counting in a given area or length of row. Lodg Estimation Estimate of the area lodged in the sampled plot. Lodg Estimation FoxiWilt Estimation FoxiWilt Estimation Standard method for Fusarium wilt incidence. HtereInc Estimation HtereInc Estimation Standard method for net blotch incidence. SepSpLegacy Estimation SepSpLegacy Estimation Standard method for Septoria species legacy. SBMVInc Estimation Standard method for soil borne mosaic virus incidence. SBMVInc Estimation Adult plants rust field response Estimation Adult plants rust field response Estimation Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to leaf/stem/stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the following scale: 0-No visible infection. R-Resistant; necrotic areas with or without small pustules. MR-Moderately Resistant; small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas. M-Intermediate; pustules of variable size; some necrosis and/or chlorosis. MS-Moderately Susceptible; medium-sized pustules; no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible. S-Susceptible; large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis. Leaf tip necrosis is observed and rated in percentage. LeafTNecro Estimation LeafTNecro Estimation LAI can be determined directly by taking a sample of canopy from a plant canopy, measuring the leaf area per sample plot with an area meter or image scanner and dividing it by the plot land surface area. Indirect methods use ceptometer to measure canopy geometry or light extinction and relate it to LAI. (LAI = leaf area / ground area, m2 / m2). LAI Computation LAI Computation TilSpSpkInc Estimation Common bunt incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. TilSpSpkInc Estimation Canopy spectral reflectance Measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. Canopy spectral reflectance Measurement HeatTol Estimation HeatTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under heat condition and rate the tolerance. HNecro Estimation Some forms of spotting and necrosis result from chromosomal instability or genetic aberrations; these disorders are known as hybrid necrosis. Affected plants show differing degrees of necrosis, often associated with stunting or dwarf clumping. Hybrid necrosis usually is observed in early generation material, and affected progeny are eliminated HNecro Estimation Counting the number of plant per area or row. PlntStnd Counting PlntStnd Counting TllrCapacity Estimation TllrCapacity Estimation Standard method for tillering capacity. TN Counting Count or calculate the number of total tillers (fertile and infertile) per lineal meter, per plant or per square meter. TN Counting RsecaInc Estimation RsecaInc Estimation Standard method for barley scald incidence. FHBSplInc Computation Calculated as the index (ratio) of infected spikelets over total number of spikelets by Calonectria nivalis (Fusarium nivale, F. graminearum) causing scab disease in spike. FHBSplInc Computation Standard method for FHB infected spikelets counting. FHBSplInc Counting FHBSplInc Counting Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the MCNEAL scale. Field response McNEAL Estimation Field response McNEAL Estimation Boot DS45 DT Computation Number of days from sowing to booting stage (DS45). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Boot DS45 DT Computation DR DT Computation DR DT Computation Number of days from sowing to double ridge (DS14-15 approx.). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. FND DS31 DT Computation FND DS31 DT Computation Number of days from sowing to first node detectable. However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Number of days from sowing to initiation of booting (DS39-DS41). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Boot DS39 DT Computation Boot DS39 DT Computation Number of days from sowing to terminal spikelet (DS25-30 approx.). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. TSpl DT Computation TSpl DT Computation CT Measurement Take measurements at least two times from full ground cover to the end of booting ('pre-heading'), and at least two times from the end of anthesis to late grainfilling ('grain-filling') -with 5-7 days between each measurement to give a reasonably heritable estimate of trait expression. CT Measurement FLeafSen Estimation FLeafSen Estimation Rate using a scale from 0 (0% senescence) to 10 (100% senescence) using the guide, in increments of 10%. Proceed following the protocol for sampling of grains or leaves for CID in Chapter 6 in Pask et al., 2012. Mass spectrometers generate differential values of stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C), expressed negative values in parts per thousand (‰) (Farquhar et al., 1989): δ13C (‰) = [(Rsample/Rstandard)–1] × 1000. Where: the ratio of heavy to light isotope (R = 13C/12C) for the sample is in comparison to Peedee Belemnite (PDB) carbonate (limestone) standard. Following Farquhar et al. (1989) – rather than using carbon isotope composition values (δ13C), positive values for CID (Δ13C) can be calculated for easier statistical analysis as: Δ13C = [(δa-δp)]/[1 + (δp/1000)] CID determination CID determination Sampling for water soluble carbohydrate is often combined with in-season biomass sampling and partitioning. Ensure to plan sampling approach carefully to allow for maximal data collection/economy of sampling (e.g., data on partitioning weights can be collected on the same 20 culm sample). The leaf lamina and/or leaf sheath may also be analyzed for WSC separately, or not removed from the stem for ‘whole stem’ analysis. Lab analysis is performed by NIR or wet chemical method. StmWSC Measurement StmWSC Measurement ALVEOGRAPH determination AACC 54-30 A 1. A sample of 60 grams or 250 grams of flour is mixed with a salt solution to form a dough. 2. The dough is sheeted, rested and inflated in the Chopin Alveograph; 2. Five 4.5 centimeter circular dough patties are formed and then rested in the alveograph in a temperature-regulated compartment at 25 degrees Celsius for approximately 20 minutes; 3. Each dough patty is tested individually. The alveograph blows air into a dough patty, which expands into a bubble that eventually breaks; 4. The pressure inside the bubble is recorded as a curve on graph paper. The alveograph determines the gluten strength of a dough by measuring the force required to blow and break a bubble of dough. The results include P Value, L Value, and W Value. ALVEOGRAPH determination AACC 54-30 A SDS-sedimentation determination SDS-sedimentation determination A small sample of flour or ground wheat (1.0 grams) is weighed and placed in 25-milliliter glass-stoppered graduated cylinder. This is mixed with different solutions for some minutes and then rested. Finally, the volume of the sediment is recorded after 21 minutes. 1. A sample of 35 grams of flour on a 14 percent moisture basis is weighed and placed in a mixograph bowl; 2. Water is added to the flour from a buret and the bowl is inserted into the mixograph; 3. The flour and water are mixed together to form a dough; 4. As the dough is mixed, the mixograph records a curve on graph paper. MIXOGRAPH determination AACC 54-40 A MIXOGRAPH determination AACC 54-40 A SDS-PAGE electrophoresis 1. Extract storage proteins (glutenins/gliadins) from wheat grain; 2. Separate glutenins from gliadins; 3. Run proteins extracts in polyacrylamide gels; 4. Stain the gel and de-stain; 5. Identify the allele for each locus. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis Grain number (GNO) as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994; Reynolds et al., 2001; Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. GNO determines the sink size of the crop and under many conditions it is strongly correlated with yield. Grains/m2 (GNO) = yield (g/m2) / TGW (g) × 1000. GN Computation GN Computation grain/m2 grain/m2 In-season aboveground biomass All above-ground biomass at any developmental stage and/or at regular intervals from the emergence to physiological maturity. In-season aboveground biomass ISBM ISBM Measurement Sampling is typically performed at sequential developmental stages/time intervals through crop growth. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. In most cases, determinations of dry mass are made on representative sub-samples to reduce oven space requirement, take additional measurements (e.g., fertile culm count) etc. Several protocols available (Bell and Fischer, 1994; Reynolds et al., 2001; Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. ISBM Measurement It is the p/g ratio. AlvPG Dough alveograph P/G Tenacity/extensibility ratio Dough alveograph P/G SDS-PAGE Electrophoresis (1BL1RS) SDS-PAGE Electrophoresis (1BL1RS) Detect in the SDS-PAGE gel the presence of some protein bands from rye chromosome translocation. AACC 55-10 or SeedCount management procedure AACC 55-10 or SeedCount management procedure Standard method for test weight. Standard method for sedimentation index. SedIdx Measurement SedIdx Measurement GYellBer Measurement Standard method for yellow berry incidence. GYellBer Measurement Minolta Chroma Meter Test Measurement of flour/whole meal/grain color with the Minolta chromameter, L value represents whiteness, a* value (reddishness) represents red and green colors and b* value (yellowness) represents yellow and blue colors. Using the Minolta Chroma Meter Test: 1. A sample of flour/whole meal/grain is placed on the granular materials attachment and compacted; 2. The Minolta Chroma Meter is inserted into the granular materials attachment; 3. Measurements are taken and recorded; 4.Color results are reported in terms of 3-dimensional color values based on the following rating scale: L* value whiteness: 100 white, 0 black; a* value positive +60 red color, negative values -60 green color; b* value positive +60 yellow color, negative values -60 blue color. Minolta Chroma Meter Test UseTyp Measurement Standard method for grain use type. UseTyp Measurement GIron Measurement GIron Measurement Standard method for grain iron content. GPhos Measurement GPhos Measurement Standard method for grain phosphorus content. GZinc Measurement Standard method for grain zinc content. GZinc Measurement High throughput approaches to measuring ground cover are: visual assessment or digital analysis of photographs GrndCov Measurement GrndCov Measurement Net blotch severity HtereSev Net blotch severity Net blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (Helminthosporium teres). Crop growth rate CGR It is the rate of dry matter production per unit area. Crop growth rate Standard method for crop growth rate. CropGrwRate Computation CropGrwRate Computation % % cm cm g/plot g/plot %/min %/min % % µm µm a value a value b value b value CCI CCI cm2 cm2 g/m2/day g/m2/day index index joules joules kg/hl kg/hl L value L value ppm ppm min min ml ml mm mm mmol/m2/s mmol/m2/s s s s/m s/m t/ha t/ha delta 13C delta 13C day day grain/spike grain/spike grain/spikelet grain/spikelet node node spikelet spikelet spikelet/spike spikelet/spike spike/m2 spike/m2 stoma/mm2 stoma/mm2 text text tiller/plant tiller/plant 0-5 TANSPOT field response scale 0-5 TANSPOT field response scale 0= No visible infection on plants R= Resistant, small dark brown to black spots without any surrounding chlorosis or tan necrosis MR= Moderately-resistant, small dark brown to black spots with very little chlorosis or tan necrosis MR-MS= Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded by a distinct chlorotic or tan necrosis MS= Moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded with chlorotic or tan necrostic zones; some of the lesions coalescing S= Susceptible, small dark brown to black centres may or may not be distinguishable; most lesions consist of coalescing chlorotic or tan necrotic zones 0-9 percentage scale 0-9 percentage scale 0= No visible affection 9= 90% coverage 1= 10% coverage 2= 20% coverage 3= 30% coverage 4= 40% coverage 5= 50% coverage 6= 60% coverage 7= 70% coverage 8= 80% coverage 0-9 AWNS scale 0-9 AWNS scale 0= awnless 9 = 1 = 2 = 3= awnletted (short) 4 = 5 = 6 = 7 = awned (conspicuous) 8 = 0-9 DAMAGE scale 0-9 DAMAGE scale 0= no damage 9= very high damage 1= trace 2= very low damage 3= low damage 4= low to intermediate damage 5= intermediate damage 6= intermediate to high damage 7= high damage 8= high to very high damage 0-9 density scale 0-9 density scale 0= absent 9= very dense 1= very sparse 2= very sparse to sparse 3= sparse 4= sparse to intermediate 5= intermediate 6= intermadiate to dense 7= dense 8= dense to very dense 1-3 GLMCOL scale 1-3 GLMCOL scale 1= white 2= red to brown 3= purple to black 1-3 GRNCOL scale 1-3 GRNCOL scale W= white R= red P= purple 1-3 HRDCLS scale 1-3 HRDCLS scale H= hard (H, <45) SH= semi-hard (SH, 45-55) S= soft (S, >55) 1-3 SEDVTR scale 1-3 SEDVTR scale NV= not vitreous (NV) PV= partly vitreous (PV) V= vitreous (V) 1-3 SIZE scale 1-3 SIZE scale 1= small 2= medium 3= large 1-3 STMSOL scale 1-3 STMSOL scale 1= hollow 2= intermediate 3= solid 1-5 DMG scale 1-5 DMG scale 1= none (N) 2= trace (T) 3 = slight (S) 4= moderate (M) 5= very severe (V) 1-5 GHABIT scale 1-5 GHABIT scale E= erect (E) SE= semi-erect (SE) SS= semi-spreading (SS) S= spreading (S) P= Prostrate (P) 1-5 HRDCLS scale 1-5 HRDCLS scale S= soft (S) MS= medium soft (MS) MH= medium hard (MH) H= hard (H) VH= very hard (VH) 1-5 Phenological relative scale 1-5 Phenological relative scale VE= very early (VE) E= early (E) M= moderate (M) L= late (L) VL= very late (VL) 1-5 RELTPH scale 1-5 RELTPH scale VS= very short (VS) S= short (S) M= medium (M) T= tall (T) VT= very tall (VT) 1-5 scoring scale 1-5 scoring scale 1= very poor (VP) 2= poor (P) 3= fair (F) 4= good (G) 5= very good (VG) 1-5 TANSPOT field response scale 1-5 TANSPOT field response scale R= Resistant, small dark brown to black spots without any surrounding chlorosis or tan necrosis MR= Moderately-resistant, small dark brown to black spots with very little chlorosis or tan necrosis MR-MS= Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded by a distinct chlorotic or tan necrosis MS= Moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded with chlorotic or tan necrostic zones; some of the lesions coalescing S= Susceptible, small dark brown to black centres may or may not be distinguishable; most lesions consist of coalescing chlorotic or tan necrotic zones 1-5 TOL scale 1-5 TOL scale 1= highly susceptible 2= susceptible 3= intermediate 4= tolerant 5= highly tolerant 1-9 incidence scale 1-9 incidence scale 1= none 2= very low 3= low 4= low to medium 5= medium 6= medium to high 7= high 8= very high 9= severe 0-9 Mc Neal scale 0-9 Mc Neal scale I= immune VS= very susceptible VR= very resistance R= resistant MR= moderately resistant LM= light moderate M= moderate MS= moderate susceptible LMS= light moderate susceptible S= susceptible 1-9 SPKDEN scale 1-9 SPKDEN scale 1= very lax 2= very lax to lax 3= lax 4= lax to intermediate 5 = intermediate 6= intermediate to dense 7 = dense 8= dense to very dense 9 = very dense 1-9 TOL scale 1-9 TOL scale 1= highly susceptible 2= highly susceptible to susceptible 3= susceptible 4= susceptible to moderately susceptible 5= moderately susceptible 6= moderately susceptible to moderately tolerant 7= moderately tolerant 8= tolerant 9= highly tolerant 1-9 USETYP scale 1-9 USETYP scale 1a 1b 2a 2b 3a 3b 4a 4b 5.0 Double digit (00-99) Double digit (00-99) 00= no disease 18= 10% plant height affected, 80% coverage 19= 10% plant height affected, 90% coverage 20= 20 21= 20% plant height affected, 10% coverage 22= 20% plant height affected, 20% coverage 23= 20% plant height affected, 30% coverage 24= 20% plant height affected, 40% coverage 25= 20% plant height affected, 50% coverage 26= 20% plant height affected, 60% coverage 27= 20% plant height affected, 70% coverage 10= 10 28= 20% plant height affected, 80% coverage 29= 20% plant height affected, 90% coverage 30= 30 31= 30% plant height affected, 10% coverage 32= 30% plant height affected, 20% coverage 33= 30% plant height affected, 30% coverage 34= 30% plant height affected, 40% coverage 35= 30% plant height affected, 50% coverage 36= 30% plant height affected, 60% coverage 37= 30% plant height affected, 70% coverage 11= 10% plant height affected, 10% coverage 38= 30% plant height affected, 80% coverage 39= 30% plant height affected, 90% coverage 40= 40 41= 40% plant height affected, 10% coverage 42= 40% plant height affected, 20% coverage 43= 40% plant height affected, 30% coverage 44= 40% plant height affected, 40% coverage 45= 40% plant height affected, 50% coverage 46= 40% plant height affected, 60% coverage 47= 40% plant height affected, 70% coverage 12= 10% plant height affected, 20% coverage 48= 40% plant height affected, 80% coverage 49= 40% plant height affected, 90% coverage 50= 50 51= 50% plant height affected, 10% coverage 52= 50% plant height affected, 20% coverage 53= 50% plant height affected, 30% coverage 54= 50% plant height affected, 40% coverage 55= 50% plant height affected, 50% coverage 56= 50% plant height affected, 60% coverage 57= 50% plant height affected, 70% coverage 13= 10% plant height affected, 30% coverage 58= 50% plant height affected, 80% coverage 59= 50% plant height affected, 90% coverage 60= 60 61= 60% plant height affected, 10% coverage 62= 60% plant height affected, 20% coverage 63= 60% plant height affected, 30% coverage 64= 60% plant height affected, 40% coverage 65= 60% plant height affected, 50% coverage 66= 60% plant height affected, 60% coverage 67= 60% plant height affected, 70% coverage 14= 10% plant height affected, 40% coverage 68= 60% plant height affected, 80% coverage 69= 60% plant height affected, 90% coverage 70= 70 71= 70% plant height affected, 10% coverage 72= 70% plant height affected, 20% coverage 73= 70% plant height affected, 30% coverage 74= 70% plant height affected, 40% coverage 75= 70% plant height affected, 50% coverage 76= 70% plant height affected, 60% coverage 77= 70% plant height affected, 70% coverage 15= 10% plant height affected, 50% coverage 78= 70% plant height affected, 80% coverage 79= 70% plant height affected, 90% coverage 80= 80 81= 80% plant height affected, 10% coverage 82= 80% plant height affected, 20% coverage 83= 80% plant height affected, 30% coverage 84= 80% plant height affected, 40% coverage 85= 80% plant height affected, 50% coverage 86= 80% plant height affected, 60% coverage 87= 80% plant height affected, 70% coverage 16= 10% plant height affected, 60% coverage 88= 80% plant height affected, 80% coverage 89= 80% plant height affected, 90% coverage 90= 90 91= 90% plant height affected, 10% coverage 92= 90% plant height affected, 20% coverage 93= 90% plant height affected, 30% coverage 94= 90% plant height affected, 40% coverage 95= 90% plant height affected, 50% coverage 96= 90% plant height affected, 60% coverage 97= 90% plant height affected, 70% coverage 17= 10% plant height affected, 70% coverage 98= 90% plant height affected, 80% coverage 99= 90% plant height affected, 90% coverage 1-8 generic disease field response scale 1-8 generic disease field response scale 0= no visible infection (0) R= resistant (R); necrotic areas with or without small lesions R-MR= resistant to moderately resistance (R-MR) MR= moderately resistant (MR); small lesions surrounded by necrotic areas I= intermediate (M); lesions of variable size; some necrosis and/or chlorosis MS= moderately Susceptible (MS); medium-sized lesions; no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible MS-S= moderately susceptible to susceptible (MS-S) S= susceptible (S); large lesions, no necrosis or chlorosis 1-5 GLUTYP scale 1-5 GLUTYP scale S= Strong (S) MS= medium strong (MS) W= weak (W) T= tenacious (T) WT= weak-tenacious (WT) 1-8 rust field response scale 1-8 rust field response scale 0= no visible infection (0) R= resistant (R); necrotic areas with or without small pustules R-MR= resistant to moderately resistance (R-MR) MR= moderately resistant (MR); small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas I= intermediate (M); pustules of variable size; some necrosis and/or chlorosis MS= moderately susceptible (MS); medium-sized pustules; no necrosis, but some clorosis possible MS-S= moderately susceptible to susceptible (MS-S) S= susceptible (S); large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis 1-3 GRNPLUMP scale 1-3 GRNPLUMP scale 1= shrivelled (SH) 2= good (G) 3= very good (VG) Zadoks or decimal code (00-99) Zadoks or decimal code (00-99) 00= Germination; Dry seed 13= Seedling development ; 3 leaves unfolded 14= Seedling development ; 4 leaves unfolded 15= Seedling development ; 5 leaves unfolded 16= Seedling development ; 6 leaves unfolded 17= Seedling development ; 7 leaves unfolded 18= Seedling development ; 8 leaves unfolded 19= Seedling development ; 9 or more leaves unfolded 20= Tillering; Main shoot only 21= Tillering; Main shoot and 1 Tiller 22= Tillering; Main shoot and 2 Tillers 01= Germination; Water uptake (imbibition) started 23= Tillering; Main shoot and 3 Tillers 24= Tillering; Main shoot and 4 Tillers 25= Tillering; Main shoot and 5 Tillers 26= Tillering; Main shoot and 6 Tillers 27= Tillering; Main shoot and 7 Tillers 28= Tillering; Main shoot and 8 Tillers 29= Tillering; Main shoot and 9 or more Tillers 89 Late hard dough (difficult to dent) 30= Stem elongation or jointing; Pseudo stem erection 31= Stem elongation or jointing; 1st node detectable 32= Stem elongation or jointing; 2nd node detectable 03= Germination; Imbibition complete 33= Stem elongation or jointing; 3rd node detectable 34= Stem elongation or jointing; 4th node detectable 35= Stem elongation or jointing; 5th node detectable 36= Stem elongation or jointing; 6th node detectable 37= Stem elongation or jointing; Flag leaf just visible 39= Stem elongation or jointing; Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible 41= Booting; Flag leaf sheath extending 43= Booting; Boot just visibly swollen 45= Booting; Boot swollen 47= Booting; Flag leaf sheath opening 05= Germination; Radicle emerged from seed 49= Booting; First awns visible 51= Heading; First spikelet of head visible 53= Heading; ¼ of head emerged 55= Heading; ½ of head emerged 57= Heading; ¾ of head emerged 59= Heading; Emergence of head complete 61= Flowering or anthesis; Start of flowering 65= Flowering or anthesis; Flowering half complete 69= Flowering or anthesis; Flowering complete 71= Kernel and milk development; Kernel watery ripe (clear liquid) 07= Germination; Coleoptile emerged from seed 73= Kernel and milk development; Early milk (liquid off -white) 75= Kernel and milk development; Medium milk (milky liquid) 77= Kernel and milk development; Late milk (more solids in milk) 81= Dough development; Very early dough (slides when crushed) 83= Dough development; Early dough (elastic, dry and shiny) 85= Dough development; Soft dough (firm, thumbnail mark not held) 87= Dough development; Hard dough (thumbnail impression held) 91= Ripening; Kernel hard (difficult to divide; 16% water) 92= Ripening; Kernel hard (not dented by thumbnail) 93= Ripening; Kernel loosening in daytime 09= Germination; Leaf just at coleoptile tip 94= Ripening; Overripe, straw dead and collapsing 95= Ripening; Seed dormant 96= Ripening; 50% of viable seed germinates 97= Ripening; Seed not dormant 98= Ripening; Secondary dormancy 99= Ripening; Secondary dormancy lost 10= Seedling development ; First leaf emerged 11= Seedling development ; First leaf unfolded 12= Seedling development ; 2 leaves unfolded 0-1 absent-present 0-1 absent-present 0= absent 1= present TanSpotSdlgResp Estimation TanSpotSdlgResp Estimation Standard method for scoring tan spot response in seedlings. Seedling rust field response Estimation Seedling host responses are normally scored as susceptible or resistant depending on the infection type produced with a designated isolate in a particular environment. The infection type produced will often change if the environment is altered. Seedling rust field response Estimation WormDmg Estimation WormDmg Estimation Standard method for worm damage. 0-8 Rust infection type 0-8 Rust infection type I= immune, no uredinia or other macroscopic sign of infection (0) ;= nearly immune, no uredinia, but hypersensitive necrotic or chlorotic flecks present (;) 1= very resistant, small uredinia surrounded by necrosis (1) 2= moderately resistant, small to medium uredinia often surrounded by Chlorosis or necrosis, green island may be surrounded by chlorotic or necrotic border (2) X= heterogeneous, random distribution of variable-sized uredinia on single leaf (X) Y= heterogeneous, ordered distribution of variable-sized uredinia, with larger uredinia at leaf tip (Y) Z= Heterogeneous, ordered distribution of variable-sized uredinia, with larger uredinia at leaf base (Z) 3= moderately susceptible, medium-sized uredinia that may be associated with chlorosis (3) 4= susceptible, large uredinia without chlorosis (4) ml/% ml/% Proportion of big grain remaining above the sieve. GReten Grain retention Grain retention Grain screenings Proportion of small grain passing through a sieve. GScreen Grain screenings Infertile tiller number InfertTN Infertile tiller number Number of infertile tillers per unit area, sample or plant. GYFac Grain yield factor Grain yield factor Yield factor. Barley leaf rust severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. Barley leaf rust severity Barley leaf rust severity PhordSev PhordInc Estimation PhordInc Estimation Standard method for Barley leaf rust incidence. RootRot Common root rot incidence in the plants caused by the agents Cochliobolus sativus, fusarium spp., and Pythium species. Common root rot incidence Common root rot incidence Tan spot severity Tan spot severity TanSpotSev Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Fusarium head blight AUDPC Fusarium head blight AUDPC FHBAUDPC Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. Content of deoxynivalenol or don (vomitoxin) that is often associated with fhb (fusarium spp.) infected grains. FHBDON Fusarium head blight DON content Fusarium head blight DON content Fusarium leaf blotch severity FnivLBSev FNIVLB FNIVAL Fusarium leaf blotch severity Fusarium leaf blotch (pink snow mold, fusarium patch) severity in the plants caused by the agent Calonectria nivalis (fusarium nivale). Fusarium head blight spike weight Fusarium head blight spike weight Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. FHBSpkWt Foliar disease development Foliar disease development The plant damage caused by foliar diseases. FolDis Grain appearance Grain appearance Kernel appearance Appearance of a single grain. GApp Stem strength Strength of the culm. Straw strength Stem strength Culm strength StmStrength Stem wall thickness. Stem wall thickness Stem wall thickness StmWallThk Threshblty Spike threshability Spike threshability Threshability (ease to thresh) is a score where several spike-related traits such as rachis fragility (brittle or non-brittle rachis) and glume tenacity (hulled or free-threshing). Time period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). Grain filling period GFP Grain filling period Classification of vernalization responsive growth habit as winter, facultative or spring wheat. Growth class Growth class Seasonality Vernalization response GrwCls Reproductive period Reproductive period RepP Time between double ridge (approx. ds14) and anthesis (ds65). Plant vegetative period VgP Time period between emergence (ds10) and first node detectable (ds31). Plant vegetative period Plant photoperiod response Daylength sensitivity Extent to which long days hasten flowering. Plant photoperiod response PhotopResp Flour yellowness. FlrYellCls Flour yellowness Flour yellowness Semolina yellow pigment content Semolina yellow pigment content SemoYellPig Semolina yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds. Whole meal flour yellow pigment content Whole meal flour yellow pigment content WMFlrYellPig Whole meal flour yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds. Boron tolerance Boron tolerance BTol Plant tolerance to high levels of soil boron. Plant damage caused by herbicide. HerbicideDmg Herbicide damage Herbicide damage Plant vigor Capacity of the plant to grow. Plant vigour PlntVig Plant vigour RsolaInc Rhizoctonia root rot incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhizoctonia solani. Rhizoctonia root rot incidence Rhizoctonia root rot incidence Root disease development RootDis The plant damage caused by root diseases. Root disease development Sharp eyespot incidence Sharp eyespot incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhizoctonia cerealis. Sharp eyespot incidence RcereInc The plant damage caused by spike diseases. SpkDis Spike disease development Spike disease development The plant damage caused by worms. Worm damage Worm damage WormDmg HelSpSev Helminthosporium species severity Helminthosporium species severity The disease severity in the plants caused by the agent Helminthosporium species. Leaf rust notes Leaf rust notes PrecoNote Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Stem rust Stem rust CI Stem rust coefficient of infection Stem rust coefficient of infection Stem rust (black rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. PgramCI PstriCI Stripe rust Stripe rust coefficient of infection Stripe rust coefficient of infection Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust CI Double digit Estimation The method was improved by using two digits, representing the vertical disease progress and an estimate of severity. The first digit gives the relative height of the disease using the original 0-9 Saari-Prescott scale as a measure. The second digit shows the disease severity as a percentage but in terms of 0-9. Because it is difficult to evaluate diseases on dead leaves, disease notes should be taken when at least four leaves are still alive and green (soft to mid-dough growth stage). Then visually evaluate the average percentage severity on only those leaves of the uppermost four that are infected. In practice, the percent severity is estimated on an overall score. The following format is used for scoring severity: 10% coverage = 1, 20% coverage = 2, 30% coverage = 3, 40% coverage = 4, 50% coverage = 5, 60% coverage = 6, 70% coverage = 7, 80% coverage = 8, 90% coverage = 9. The score of 10 is not used. Double digit Estimation HgramInc Estimation HgramInc Estimation Standard method for Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence. Barley leaf rust incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. Barley leaf rust coefficient of infection Barley leaf rust coefficient of infection PhordCI Barley leaf rust CI Rust severity Estimation Rust severity Estimation Severity of rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. BlkPtInc Estimation BlkPtInc Estimation Black point incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of grain with black point symptoms. RootRot Estimation Standard method for common root rot incidence. RootRot Estimation FHBAUDPC Computation Calculate area under disease progress curve. FHBAUDPC Computation FHBDON Measurement Standard method for content of deoxynivalenol or DON (vomitoxin) that is often associated with FHB (Fusarium spp.) infected grains. FHBDON Measurement FHBGInc Estimation FHBGInc Estimation Standard method for FHB grain incidence. Relative spike weight is calculated by dividing spike weight (at maturity) from infected by the non-infected. FHBSpkWt Computation FHBSpkWt Computation FolDis Estimation FolDis Estimation Standard method for foliar disease development. FgramInc Estimation Standard method for Fusarium graminearum incidence. FgramInc Estimation Standard method for Fusarium graminearum response. FgramResp Estimation FgramResp Estimation HelSpLegacy Estimation HelSpLegacy Estimation Standard method for Helminthosporium species legacy. InsectDmg Estimation Standard method for insect damage. InsectDmg Estimation PrecoResp Estimation Standard method for leaf rust response. PrecoResp Estimation PrecoInc Estimation Standard method for leaf rust incidence. PrecoInc Estimation Note Estimation Note Estimation Notes taken in the field. Barley scald severity RsecaSev Barley scald severity Barley scald severity in the plants caused by the agent Rhynchosporium secalis. Fusarium head blight (scab) spikelets incidence caused by the agent fusarium spp. FHBSplInc Fusarium head blight spikelet incidence Fusarium head blight spikelet incidence RsolaInc Estimation Standard method for rhizoctonia root rot incidence. RsolaInc Estimation Standard method for root disease development. RootDis Estimation RootDis Estimation Septoria blotch severity Septoria blotch severity Septoria blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. SepSpSev SepSpResp Septoria blotch plant response Septoria blotch plant response Septoria blotch response in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. SepSpResp Estimation SepSpResp Estimation Standard method for Septoria species response. SnodoSev Septoria nodorum blotch severity Septoria nodorum blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Stagonospora nodorum (syn. Septoria glume blotch) (Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E. Müller) Hedjaroude (syn. Stagonospora nodorum). Septoria nodorum blotch severity StritSev Septoria tritici blotch severity Septoria tritici blotch severity Septoria tritici blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. StritResp Septoria tritici blotch plant response Septoria tritici blotch plant response Septoria tritici blotch response in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. StritResp Estimation Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch response. StritResp Estimation RcereInc Estimation Main shoots are assessed for sharp eyespot disease. RcereInc Estimation SpkDis Estimation SpkDis Estimation Standard method for spike disease development. HsatiLSev Spot blotch severity Spot blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (Helminthosporium sativum). Spot blotch severity TanSpotResp Estimation TanSpotResp Estimation Standard method for scoring tan spot response in adult plants. PstriInc Estimation Standard method for Stripe rust incidence. PstriInc Estimation TanSpotInc Estimation TanSpotInc Estimation Standard method for tan spot incidence in adult plants. 0-9 percentage scale + text 0-9 percentage scale + text Double digit (00-99) + text Double digit (00-99) + text 1-5 Septoria response scale 1-5 Septoria response scale VR= very resistant (VR), average pycnidial density of 0-5% R= resistant (R), average pycnidial density of 5-15% MR= moderately resistant (MR), average pycnidial density coverage of 15-30% MS= moderately susceptible (MS), average pycnidial density coverage of 30-40% S= susceptible (S), pycnidial density greater than 40% 0-5 Septoria Response scale 0-5 Septoria Response scale Imm= Immune (Imm) - No pycnidial formation, no symptoms or occasional hypersensitive fleck. HR= Highly Resistant (HR) - No or only occasional isolated pycnidia formed, particularly in older leaf tissue, hypersensitive flecking in younger leaf tissue. R= Resistant (R) - Very light pycnidial formation. Some coalescing of lesions mainly toward the leaf tip and in older leaf tissue. I= Intermediate (I) - Light pycnidial format ion. Coalescing of lesions normally noticeable towards the leaf tip and elsewhere on the leaf. S= Susceptible (S) - Moderate pycnidial formation, lesions coalescing considerably. VS= Very susceptible (VS), large, abundant pycnidia, lesions coalescing extensively 0-9 RCERE scale 0-9 RCERE scale 0= No symptom of sharp eyespot 9= head prematurely ripened (whitehead) or plant collapsed with sharp eyespot lesions on the stem, or shoot killed as the ear emerges from the sheath with sharp eyespot lesions on the shoot 1= One or more sharp eyespot lesions on lower sheaths but no symptoms on the stem 2= one or more sharp eyespot lesions on upper (as well as lower) sheaths but no symptoms on the stem 3= one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 1/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 4= one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 2/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 5= one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 3/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 6= one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 4/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 7= one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 5/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 8= stem softened with sharp eyespot lesions on the stem 0-12 Modified Cobb Scale 0-12 Modified Cobb Scale 0= 0% (no uredia) 70= 70% (25.9% occupied by uredia) 80= 80% (29.6% occupied by uredia) 90= 90% (33.3% occupied by uredia) 100= 100% (37% occupied by uredia) 1= 1% (0.37% occupied by uredia) 5= 5% (1.85% occupied by uredia) 10= 10% (3.7% occupied by uredia) 20= 20% (7.4% occupied by uredia) 30= 30% (11.1% occupied by uredia) 40= 40% (14.8% occupied by uredia) 50= 50% (18.5% occupied by uredia) 60= 60% (22.2% occupied by uredia) 0-4 PRECO scale 0-4 PRECO scale I= immune (0); no uredinia or other macroscopic sign of infection R= resistant (R); necrotic areas with or without small pustules MR= moderately resistant (MR); small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas MS= moderately susceptible (MS); medium-sized pustules; no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible S= susceptible (S); large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis 1-4 PRECO scale 1-4 PRECO scale R= resistant (R); necrotic areas with or without small pustules MR= moderately resistant (MR); small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas MS= moderately susceptible (MS); medium-sized pustules; no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible S= susceptible (S); large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis 0-5 FHB field response scale 0-5 FHB field response scale I= immune (I), 0 % of infection R= resistant (R), 1 to 8 % of infection MR= moderately resistant (MR), 9 to 11 % of infection MS= moderately susceptible (MS), 12 to 20 % of infection S= susceptible (S), 21 to 50 % of infection VS= very susceptible (VS), > 50 % of infection 0-5 incidence scale 0-5 incidence scale 0= none 1= very low 2= low 3= medium 4= high 5= severe 1-5 incidence scale 1-5 incidence scale 1= none 2= low 3= medium 4= high 5= severe 1-9 disease scale 1-9 disease scale 1= 2= 3= 4= 5= 6= 7= 8= 9= 9-1 disease scale 9-1 disease scale 9= 8= 7= 6= 5= 4= 3= 2= 1= The response of a cultivar or genotype is expressed on a score 1-9, where 1= highly susceptible and 9 = highly tolerant, based on the extent of bronze colored necrosis of leaf tips extending down the leaf margins BTol Estimation BTol Estimation 0-9 DAMAGE scale + text 0-9 DAMAGE scale + text HerbicideDmg Estimation HerbicideDmg Estimation Standard method for herbicide damage. Measured as weight by percentage of all matter remaining above a 2 mm slotted screen – 40 shakes in the direction of the slots. GReten Measurement GReten Measurement Measured as weight by percentage of all matter passing through a 2 mm slotted screen – 40 shakes in the direction of the slots GScreen Measurement GScreen Measurement InfertTN Counting Count the number of infertile tillers. InfertTN Counting infertile tiller/m infertile tiller/m infertile tiller/m2 infertile tiller/m2 kg/ha kg/ha g/m2 g/m2 kg/plot kg/plot 0-5 percentage scale 0-5 percentage scale 0= No visible affection 1= 20% coverage 2= 40% coverage 3= 60% coverage 4= 80% coverage 5= 100% coverage m m plant/ha plant/ha plant/m plant/m plant/plot plant/plot plant/m2 plant/m2 spike/m spike/m 0-6 Sterility scale 0-6 Sterility scale 0= 1= 2= 3= 4= 5= 6= tiller/m tiller/m tiller/m2 tiller/m2 Standard method for yield factor GYFac Computation GYFac Computation GApp Estimation Standard method for grain appearance. GApp Estimation 0-9 GRNAPP scale 0-9 GRNAPP scale 0= 9= 1= 2= 3= 4= 5= 6= 7= 8= 0-9 GRNAPP scale + text 0-9 GRNAPP scale + text 1-5 GRNCOL scale 1-5 GRNCOL scale W= white W/R= white/red R/W= red/white R= red P= purple 1-5 density scale 1-5 density scale 1 = absent 2 = sparse 3 = intermediate 4 = dense 5 = very dense 1-9 general scale 1-9 general scale 1= none 2= very low 3= low 4= low to moderate 5= moderate 6= moderate to high 7= high 8= high to very high 9= very high Standard method for stem strength. StmStrength Estimation StmStrength Estimation Standard method for stem wall thickness. StmWallThk Measurement StmWallThk Measurement Threshblty Estimation Observe threshability by hand threshing of one or two spikes and rate it according how easily grains are separated from the rachis and glumes using 1 (hard to thresh) to 9 (easy to thresh) scale. Threshblty Estimation Ant DS65 date Estimation Ant DS65 date Estimation Record date of anthesis (DS65) when 50% of spikes have flowered (i.e. at least 1 anther dehisced). Boot DS45 date Estimation Boot DS45 date Estimation Record booting stage (DS45) when 50% of culms present boot swollen. DR date Estimation DR date Estimation Record date of double ridge stage (DS14-15 approx.). Double ridge signifies that the plant’s main growing point will produce no more primordial leaves, and instead will produce primordial spikelets of the young spike. The dissection and observation of the main tiller apex on an optic magnifier is required. Record date of when 50% of seedlings have emerged (DS10). Emer DS10 date Estimation Emer DS10 date Estimation Record date of first node detectable (DS31). It is easier to determine in the field than DS30. It is estimated in-field as the day at which the first node can be detected at approximately 1 cm above the tillering node. The observation is performed in the main tiller. FND DS31 date Estimation FND DS31 date Estimation GFP pct Computation Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration. GFP pct Computation GrwCls Estimation GrwCls Estimation Classification of vernalization responsive growth habit as winter, facultative or spring wheat Hd DS55 date Estimation Record date of heading (DS55) when 50% of the spike is emerged (i.e., middle of the spike at the flag leaf ligule) on 50% of all stems. Hd DS55 date Estimation Boot DS39 date Estimation Record date of initiation of booting stage when 50% of the culms expected to produce spikes are between DS39 (Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible) and DS41 (Flag leaf sheath extending). Boot DS39 date Estimation Mat DS87 date Estimation Mat DS87 date Estimation Record date of physiological maturity (approx. DS87). It is estimated as when the grain reaches the maximum dry weight and the grain becomes viable. It is most easily determined in-field when 50% of the peduncles are ripe (i.e., yellow). TSpl date Estimation Record date of terminal spikelet stage (DS25-30 approx.). It is estimated as the date at which the final spikelet can be observed on the forming spike within the stem of the main culm, typically measured on around 3-5 plants per plot. It required a main tiller dissection and an observation of the apex on an optic magnifier. TSpl date Estimation PhotopResp Estimation PhotopResp Estimation Observe the tendency of flowering according day-length FlrYellCls Measurement FlrYellCls Measurement Using the Minolta Chroma Meter Test: 1. A sample of flour/whole meal/grain is placed on the granular materials attachment and compacted; 2. The Minolta Chroma Meter is inserted into the granular materials attachment; 3. Measurements are taken and recorded; 4.Color results are reported in terms of 3-dimensional color values based on the following rating scale: L* value whiteness: 100 white, 0 black; a* value positive +60 red color, negative values -60 green color; b* value positive +60 yellow color, negative values -60 blue color; 5. Flour yellowness classification in classes according the b value (Minolta chromameter) as white (b<12.5), light-yellow (b=12.5-15) or yellow (b>15). Standard method for semolina yellow pigment. SemoYellPig Measurement SemoYellPig Measurement WMFlrYellPig Measurement WMFlrYellPig Measurement Standard method for whole meal flour yellow pigment. yyyymmdd yyyymmdd 1-3 GROWTHCLS scale 1-3 GROWTHCLS scale W= winter I= facultative (intermediate) S= spring Julian date (JD) Julian date (JD) 1-6 Phenological relative scale 1-6 Phenological relative scale 1= very early (VE) 2= early (E) 3= early to normal (E-N) 4= normal, similar to local check (N) 5= late (L) 6= very late (VL) 1-9 PHOTORESP scale 1-9 PHOTORESP scale 0= insensitive 9= high 1= very low 2= very low to low 3= low 4= low to intermediate 5= intermediate 6= intermediate to moderate 7= moderate 8= moderate to high 1-3 FLRYELLCLS scale 1-3 FLRYELLCLS scale 1= white (b<12.5) 2= light-yellow (b=12.5-15) 3= yellow (b>15) 1-4 HRDCLS scale 1-4 HRDCLS scale H= hard (H, <45) SH= semi-hard (SH, 45-50) SS= semi-soft (SS, 51-55) S= soft (S, >55) mg/kg mg/kg 1-6 MIXTYP scale 1-6 MIXTYP scale 1= 2= 3= 4= 5= 6= g/l g/l Standard method for Helminthosporium species incidence. HelSpInc Estimation HelSpInc Estimation 9-1 PRECO scale 9-1 PRECO scale 9= 8= 7= 6= 5= 4= 3= 2= 1= EgramLegacy Estimation EgramLegacy Estimation Standard method for powdery mildew legacy. Standard method for Septoria species causing Septoria blotch severity. SepSpSev Estimation SepSpSev Estimation SnodoInc Estimation Standard method for Septoria nodorum blotch incidence. SnodoInc Estimation StritInc Estimation StritInc Estimation Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch incidence. HsatiLInc Estimation Standard method for Spot blotch incidence. HsatiLInc Estimation Severity of rust in spike is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. PstriSpkSev Estimation PstriSpkSev Estimation 1-9 scoring scale 1-9 scoring scale 1= very poor (VP) 2= very poor to poor (VP-P) 3= poor (P) 4= poor to fair (P-F) 5= fair (F) 6= fair to good (F-G) 7= good (G) 8= good to very good (G-VG) 9= very good (VG) 0-9 scoring scale 0-9 scoring scale 0= very poor (VP) 9= excellent (E) 1= very poor to poor (VP-P) 2= poor (P) 3= poor to fair (P-F) 4= fair (F) 5= fair to good (F-G) 6= good (G) 7= good to very good (G-VG) 8= very good (VG) num num Leaf rust coefficient of infection Leaf rust coefficient of infection Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf rust CI PrecoCI PrecoInc Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf rust incidence Leaf rust incidence Leaf rust legacy Leaf rust legacy Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. PrecoLegacy PrecoLegacy Estimation PrecoLegacy Estimation Standard method for leaf rust legacy. Leaf rust (brown rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf rust seedling response Leaf rust seedling response PrecoSdlgResp Leaf rust severity PrecoSev Leaf rust severity Leaf rust (brown rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. PgramNote Stem rust notes Stem rust notes Stem rust (black rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Stem rust seedling response PgramSdlgResp Stem rust Stem rust seedling response PgramSev Stem rust Stem rust severity Stem rust severity Stem rust (black rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust incidence Stripe rust incidence PstriInc Stripe rust Stripe rust notes Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust notes PstriNote Stripe rust severity Stripe rust PstriSev Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust severity Stripe rust Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. PstriSpkSev Stripe rust spike severity Stripe rust spike severity Tan spot incidence Tan spot incidence Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. TanSpotInc TanSpotSdlgResp Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) response in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Tan spot seedling response Tan spot seedling response Spot blotch incidence HsatiLInc Spot blotch incidence Spot blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (helminthosporium sativum). Spot blotch legacy Spot blotch incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (helminthosporium sativum). HsatiLLegacy Spot blotch legacy SepSPInc Septoria blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. Septoria blotch incidence Septoria blotch incidence Standard method for Septoria species incidence. SepSPInc Estimation SepSPInc Estimation Septoria blotch incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. Septoria blotch legacy Septoria blotch legacy SepSpLegacy Septoria nodorum blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Stagonospora nodorum (syn. Septoria glume blotch) (Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E. Müller) Hedjaroude (syn. Stagonospora nodorum). SnodoInc Septoria nodorum blotch incidence Septoria nodorum blotch incidence SnodoLegacy Septoria nodorum blotch legacy Septoria nodorum blotch incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Stagonospora nodorum (syn. Septoria glume blotch) (Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E. Müller) Hedjaroude (syn. Stagonospora nodorum). Septoria nodorum blotch legacy Septoria tritici blotch incidence StritInc Septoria tritici blotch incidence Septoria tritici blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. StritLegacy Septoria tritici blotch incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. Septoria tritici blotch legacy Septoria tritici blotch legacy Loose smut incidence in the plants caused by ustilago tritici. Loose smut incidence Loose smut incidence UtritInc HelSpInc Helminthosporium species incidence Helminthosporium species incidence The disease incidence in the plants caused by the agent helminthosporium species. The disease incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent helminthosporium species. HelSpLegacy Helminthosporium species legacy Helminthosporium species legacy Fusarium graminearum incidence Fusarium graminearum incidence FgramInc Fusarium graminearum incidence in the plants. Fusarium graminearum plant response Fusarium graminearum response in the plants. Fusarium graminearum plant response FgramResp Fusarium graminearum severity in the plants. Fusarium graminearum severity Fusarium graminearum severity FgramSev Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. Fusarium head blight grain incidence Fusarium head blight grain incidence FHBGInc Fusarium head blight spike incidence Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in spikes caused by the agent fusarium spp. FHBSpkInc Fusarium head blight spike incidence FHBSpkResp Fusarium head blight (scab) spike response caused by the agent fusarium spp. Fusarium head blight spike response Fusarium head blight spike response Fusarium leaf blotch (pink snow mold, fusarium patch) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Calonectria nivalis (fusarium nivale). FNIVLB FnivLBInc Fusarium leaf blotch incidence Fusarium leaf blotch incidence FNIVAL Bacterial leaf blight incidence BLB Wheat bacterial leaf blight incidence in the plants caused by the agent pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. symptoms: small (less than 0.04 inches) water-soaked lesions expand and eventually coalesce. Initial lesions become necrotic and turn from gray-green to tan-white. Entire leaves may become necrotic, but heads and glumes are typically symptomless. BLBInc PSYRI Bacterial leaf blight incidence PSYRI BLBSev Bacterial leaf blight severity BLB Bacterial leaf blight severity Wheat bacterial leaf blight severity in the plants caused by the agent Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. symptoms: small (less than 0.04 inches) water-soaked lesions expand and eventually coalesce. initial lesions become necrotic and turn from gray-green to tan-white. Entire leaves may become necrotic, but heads and glumes are typically symptomless. Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence HgramInc Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence Barley helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence in the plants caused by the agent Drechslera graminea (helminthosporium gramineum). PhordInc Barley leaf rust incidence Barley leaf rust incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. Barley leaf rust incidence Barley scald incidence RsecaInc Barley scald incidence Barley scald incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhynchosporium secalis. Powdery mildew incidence EgramInc Powdery mildew incidence in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici. Powdery mildew incidence Powdery mildew incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici. EgramLegacy Powdery mildew legacy Powdery mildew legacy Powdery mildew severity Powdery mildew severity EgramSev Powdery mildew severity in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici. Terminal spikelet time is when the last spikelet, the terminal spikelet, has been produced. TSpl Terminal spikelet time Terminal spikelet time NIRS Measurement NIRS Measurement NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration. GFP days Computation GFP days Computation NIRS Measurement NIRS Measurement NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. GY Relative to check Computation Calculate grain yield of an entry as percentage over a local check. GY Relative to check Computation Calculate number of plant per area. PlntStnd Computation PlntStnd Computation NIRS Measurement NIRS Measurement NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. SN Computation Calculated from yield components sampling. SN Computation Standard method for sterility index computation. SpkSterility Computation SpkSterility Computation Awn color AwnCol Awn color. Awn color Canopy green normalized difference vegetation index Canopy green normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. GNDVI Canopy red normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. RNDVI Canopy red normalized difference vegetation index winter hardiness Winter survival Ability to survive or withstand cold temperatures in the late fall, winter, or early spring. Winter survival Wsurv Standard method for wheat bacterial leaf blight severity. BLBSev Estimation BLBSev Estimation Standard method for barley scald blight severity. RsecaSev Estimation RsecaSev Estimation GAmyloPec Grain amylopectin content Grain amylopectin content Content of amylopectin in grain. Grain lysine content Grain lysine content GLys Lysine content of the kernel/grain. Standard method for Fusarium graminearum severity. FgramSev Estimation FgramSev Estimation FnivLBSev Estimation Standard method for Fusarium leaf blotch severity. FnivLBSev Estimation Rachis length Rachis length Length of rachis. RachLng Spike type Spike type Shape characteristics of typical mature spikes. SpkTyp Stand establishment Measurement of plant emergence and vigor in the field. Stand establishment StdEst Stem color Color of the stems. StmCol Stem color StrawBreak Amount of straw breakage. Straw breakage Straw breakage Color of straw. Straw color Straw color StrawCol Straw strength Strength of straw. Straw strength StrawStn Amount (weight) of straw. StrawYld Straw yield Straw yield Whole meal flour ash content Ash content in flour. Whole meal flour ash content WMFlrAsh GLng Grain length Grain length Length of whole grain. Grain width GWid Width of whole grain. Grain width Grain thickness Thickness of whole grain. Grain thickness GThk Extrusion of anthers. Anther extrusion Anther extrusion AnthExt AwnCol Estimation Standard method for awn color. AwnCol Estimation Standard method for spectral reflectance. GNDVI Measurement GNDVI Measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. RNDVI Measurement RNDVI Measurement HelSpSev Estimation Standard method for Helminthosporium species causing spot blotch severity. HelSpSev Estimation HtereSev Estimation Standard method for net blotch severity. HtereSev Estimation Standard method for powdery mildew severity. EgramSev Estimation EgramSev Estimation GAmyloPec Measurement GAmyloPec Measurement Standard method for grain amylopectin content. GLys Measurement GLys Measurement Standard method for grain lysine content. Standard method for Septoria nodorum blotch severity. SnodoSev Estimation SnodoSev Estimation Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch severity. StritSev Estimation StritSev Estimation RachLng Measurement RachLng Measurement Standard method for rachis length. SpkTyp Estimation SpkTyp Estimation Standard method for spike type. StdEst Estimation Standard method for standard establishment. StdEst Estimation Standard method for stem color. StmCol Estimation StmCol Estimation StrawBreak Estimation StrawBreak Estimation Standard method for straw breakage. Standard method for straw color. StrawCol Estimation StrawCol Estimation Standard method for straw strength. StrawStn Estimation StrawStn Estimation StrawYld Estimation StrawYld Estimation Standard method for straw yield. WMFlrAsh Estimation Standard method for ash content in whole meal flour. WMFlrAsh Estimation Standard method for whole grain length. GLng Measurement GLng Measurement GWid Measurement GWid Measurement Standard method for whole grain width. Standard method for whole grain thickness. GThk Measurement GThk Measurement Standard method for screening grain size distribution >2.8 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R)machine. Image Analysis Screen Count1 Image Analysis Screen Count1 Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.8 – 2.5 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count2 Image Analysis Screen Count2 Image Analysis Screen Count3 Image Analysis Screen Count3 Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.5 – 2.2 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.2 – 2.0 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count4 Image Analysis Screen Count4 Image Analysis Screen Count5 Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.0 – 1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count5 Image Analysis Screen Count6 Standard method for screening grain size distribution <1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count6 AnthExt Estimation Standard method for anther extrusion. AnthExt Estimation 1-6 COLOR scale 1-6 COLOR scale 1= White 2= Red 3= Black 4= Purple 5= Amber 6= Mixed Standard method for spot blotch severity. HsatiLSev Estimation HsatiLSev Estimation 1-6 SPKTYPE scale 1-6 SPKTYPE scale 1= Fusiform 2= Branched 3= Oblong 4= Clavate 5= Elliptical 6= Mixed 1-3 STDEST scale 1-3 STDEST scale 1= Good 2= Moderate 3= Poor 1-9 STRAWBREAK scale 1-9 STRAWBREAK scale 1= No breakage 2= 20% plants with broken straw 3= 30% plants with broken straw 4= 40% plants with broken straw 5= 50% plants with broken straw 6= 60% plants with broken straw 7= 70% plants with broken straw 8= 80% plants with broken straw 9= 90% plants with broken straw 1-3 STRAWStrength 1-3 STRAWStrength 1= weak 2=mid-strong 3= strong 0-9 AnthExt 0-9 AnthExt 0= No anther extrusion 8= >90% anther extrusion 1= 10% anther extrusion 2= 20% anther extrusion 3= 30% anther extrusion 4= 40% anther extrusion 5= 50% anther extrusion 6= 60% anther extrusion 7= 70% anther extrusion 8= 80% anther extrusion BLS Bacterial leaf streak severity black chaff Bacterial leaf streak severity Bacterial leaf streak severity in the plants caused by the agent Xanthomonas translucens. The disease, called black chaff when on the glumes. BLSSev Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains greater than 2.8 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass1 Image Analysis Screen Mass1 Image Analysis Screen Mass2 Image Analysis Screen Mass2 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.8 mm - 2.5 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass3 Image Analysis Screen Mass3 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.5 mm - 2.2 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.2 mm - 2.0 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass4 Image Analysis Screen Mass4 Image Analysis Screen Mass5 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.0 mm - 1.6 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass5 Image Analysis Screen Mass6 Image Analysis Screen Mass6 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that are below 1.6 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Rust Coefficient of infection Computation Coefficient of infection (CI) calculated by multiplying the severity times a constant for host response: where immune = 0.0; R=0.2; MR =0.4; MS =0.8; and S=1.0. Rust Coefficient of infection Computation BM Computation Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994; Reynolds et al., 2001; Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. BM Computation GY Computation GY Computation Use formulae to calculate grain yield in g/m2 ISBM Computation ISBM Computation Sampling is typically performed at sequential developmental stages/time intervals through crop growth. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. In most cases, determinations of dry mass are made on representative sub-samples to reduce oven space requirement, take additional measurements (e.g., fertile culm count) etc. Several protocols available (Bell and Fischer, 1994; Reynolds et al., 2001; Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. Harvest index is expressed as a ratio and can be calculated as Harvest index = (Grain yield/Biomass). HI Computation HI Computation Wheat blast severity Wheat blast severity in the spikes caused by the agent Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: It can infect all above-ground parts of the wheat plant, but head blast, resembling Fusarium head blight in appearance, is the most common symptom in the field. Infected spikes become bleached and produce small shriveled seed or none at all. MgrisSev Wheat blast severity Forage dry matter. Forage dry matter ForgDM Forage dry matter g/1000 grain g/1000 grain BM_g_m2 BM_Calc_gm2 BM_Calc_gm2 BM_kg_ha BM_Calc_kgha BM_Calc_kgha BM_Calc_tha BM_t_ha BM_Calc_tha BM_M_gPlnt BM_M_gPlnt BM_g_pl BM_M_gPlot BM_M_gPlot BM_g_plot BM_M_kgPlot BM_kg_plot BM_M_kgPlot AcdTol_E_1to5 AcdTol_E_1to5 ACDTOL _1_5 AGRSCR_0_9 AgrScr_E_0to9 AgrScr_E_0to9 AGRSCR_1_9 AgrScr_E_1to9 AgrScr_E_1to9 AgrScr_E_1to5 AgrScr_E_1to5 AGRSCR_1_5 AtritResp_E_1to8 ATRIT _1_8__RESP AtritResp_E_1to8 AlTol_E_1to9 AlTol_E_1to9 ALUTOL_1_9 AntDmg_E_pct AntDmg_E_pct ANTDMG_pct ANTD ANTDATE ANTD_yyyymmdd Ant_date_ymd Ant_date_ymd DAYSAN ANT Ant_dto_day DTA_days Ant_dto_day APHDMG_pct AphDmg_E_pct AphDmg_E_pct AphDmg_E_1to5 AphDmg_E_1to5 APHDMG_1_5 ARMDMG_pct ArmyWDmg_E_pct ArmyWDmg_E_pct AwnLng_M_cm AwnLng_M_cm AWNLNG _cm BLBInc_E_0to9pcttext BLB_0_9text__INC BLBInc_E_0to9pcttext BLB_00_99__SEV BLBSev_E_00to99 BLBSev_E_00to99 BLS_00_99 BLSSev_E_00to99 BLSSev_E_00to99 HgramInc_E_0to9pcttext HGRAM_0_9text HgramInc_E_0to9pcttext HGRAM_pct HgramInc_E_pct HgramInc_E_pct HGRAM_0_9 HgramInc_E_0to9pct HgramInc_E_0to9pct PHORD_pct__CI PhordCI_Calc_pct PhordCI_Calc_pct PHORD_1_9 PhordInc_E_1to9 PhordInc_E_1to9 PhordSev_E_pct PhordSev_E_pct PHORD_pct__SEV PHORD_0_12__SEV PhordSev_E_0to12 PhordSev_E_0to12 RsecaInc_E_0to9pcttext RsecaInc_E_0to9pcttext RSECA_0_9text RSECA_00_99text__SEV RSecaSev_E_00to99text RSecaSev_E_00to99text RSECA_00_99__SEV RsecaSev_E_00to99 RsecaSev_E_00to99 BSMV_E_0to9pct BSMV_0_9 BSMV_E_0to9pct BYDInc_E_0to9pcttext BYDInc_E_0to9pcttext BYD_0_9text BYDInc_E_pct BYDInc_E_pct BYD_pct BYDInc_E_0to9pct BYDInc_E_0to9pct BYD_0_9 BIRDDMG_pct BirdDmg_E_pct BirdDmg_E_pct BIRDDMG_1_5 BirdDmg_E_1to5 BirdDmg_E_1to5 BirdDmg_N_T_S_M_V BLKPT_pct BlkPtInc_E_pct BlkPtInc_E_pct BlkPtInc_E_0to9pct BlkPtInc_E_0to9pct BLKPT_0_9 BOOTD_yyyymmdd Boot_date_ymd Boot_date_ymd BOOTDATE BOOTD IBD Boot_dateInit_ymd IBD_yyyymmdd Boot_dateInit_ymd DTB_days Boot_dto_day Boot_dto_day BOOT DTB Boot_dtoInit_day Boot_dtoInit_day DTIB_days DTIB BORONTOL_1_9 BTol_E_1to9 BTol_E_1to9 CrmStr_E_1to5 CRMSTR_1_5 CrmStr_E_1to5 LOFVOL_ml LofVol_M_ml LofVol_M_ml NDVI_M_Idx NDVI_M_Idx NDVI_index NPQI_M_Idx NPQI_index NPQI_M_Idx NWI1_index NWI1_M_Idx NWI1_M_Idx NWI2_index NWI2_M_Idx NWI2_M_Idx NWI3_M_Idx NWI3_M_Idx NWI3_index NWI4_index NWI4_M_Idx NWI4_M_Idx PRI_index PRI_M_Idx PRI_M_Idx RARSc_index RARSc_M_Idx RARSc_M_Idx RARSa_M_Idx RARSa_M_Idx RARSa_index RARSb_M_Idx RARSb_M_Idx RARSb_index SR_index SR_M_Idx SR_M_Idx StayGreen_E_1to5 StayGreen_E_1to5 STAYGREEN_1_5 SIPI_M_Idx SIPI_M_Idx SIPI_index CT_C CT_M_C CT_M_C CTD_Calc_C CTD_C CTD_Calc_C WI_M_Idx WI_M_Idx WI_index ColdTol_E_pct ColdTol_E_pct COLDTOL_pct ColdTol_E_1to5 ColdTol_E_1to5 COLDTOL_1_5 ColeopLng_M_cm ColeopLng_M_cm COLEOPLNG _cm TILSP_pct TilSpSpkInc_E_pct TilSpSpkInc_E_pct RootRot_E_0to9pct ROOTROT_0_9 RootRot_E_0to9pct COKSDF_index CookSdF_M_Idx CookSdF_M_Idx GrndCov_GS15_pct GrndCov_GS15_pct GRNDCOV_pct__GS15 GrndCov_M_pct GrndCov_M_pct GRNDCOV_pct CROPGRWRATE_g_m2_day CropGrwRate_Calc_gm2day CropGrwRate_Calc_gm2day HavenDmg_E_pct HavenDmg_E_pct HAVEN_pct DRD DRidge_date_ymd DRidge_date_ymd DRD_yyyymmdd DR DTDR DRidge_dto_day DTDR_days DRidge_dto_day ALVIe_pct AlvIe_Calc_pct AlvIe_Calc_pct AlvPG_Calc_Idx AlvPG_Calc_Idx ALVPG_index AlvPL_Calc_Idx AlvPL_Calc_Idx ALVPL_index AlvG_M_mm AVLG_mm AlvG_M_mm AlvL_M_mm AlvL_M_mm ALVL_mm ALVP_mm AlvP_M_mm AlvP_M_mm ALVW_joules AlvW_M_joules AlvW_M_joules MixTim_M_min MIXTIM_min MixTim_M_min MixTq_M_pctmin MixTq_M_pctmin MIXTQ_pct_min MixTyp_E_1to6 MixTyp_E_1to6 MIXTYP_1_6 DroughtTol_E_pct DROUGHTTOL_pct DroughtTol_E_pct DROUGHTTOL_1_5 DroughtTol_E_1to5 DroughtTol_E_1to5 TcontInc_E_pct TcontInc_E_pct TCONT_pct EMERD Emer_date_ymd EMERDATE EDATE EMERD_yyyymmdd Emer_date_ymd Emergence date DTE Emer_dto_day Emer_dto_day DTE_days Days to emergence PherpResp_E_1to8 PherpResp_E_1to8 PHPRP_1_8__RESP FNDD FNDD_yyyymmdd FND_date_ymd FND_date_ymd FND_dto_day FND DTFND FND_dto_day DTFND_days FLeafA_M_cm2 FLEAFA _cm2 FLeafA_M_cm2 FLeafSen_E_pct FLeafSen_E_pct FLEAFSEN_pct UAGRO_1_8__RESP UagroResp_E_1to8 UagroResp_E_1to8 FlrCol_M_avalue FlrCol_M_avalue FLRCOL_a_value FlrCol_M_bvalue FLRCOL_b_value FlrCol_M_bvalue FLRCOL_L_value FlrCol_M_Lvalue FlrCol_M_Lvalue FlrFN_M_s FLRFN _s FlrFN_M_s FLRGluCon_M_pct FLRGluCon_M_pct GLUCON_pct GluTyp_E_1to5 GluTyp_E_1to5 GLUTYP_1_5 FLRPROT_pct FlrProt_Kjl_pct FlrProt_Kjl_pct FlrProt_NIRS_pct FLRPROT_pct FlrProt_NIRS_pct FlrSDS_M_ml FLRSDS_ml FlrSDS_M_ml SedIdx_M_mlpct SedIdx_M_mlpct SEDINDX_ml_pct FlrYellCls_M_1to3 FLRYELLCLS_1_3 FlrYellCls_M_1to3 FlrYld_M_pct FLRYLD FlrYld_M_pct FLRYD FOLDIS_1_5 FolDis_E_1to5 FolDis_E_1to5 FoliarDis_N_T_S_M_V FrostDmg_E_0to9 FrostDmg_E_0to9 FROSTDMGP_0_9 FrostDmg_E_0to9text FROSTDMGP_0_9text FrostDmg_E_0to9text FROSTDMGP_pct FrostDmg_E_pct FrostDmg_E_pct FROSTDMG_1_5__SPK FrostDmg_E_1to5 FrostDmg_N_T_S_M_V FrostDmg_E_1to5 FROSTDMGP_1_9 FrostDmg_E_1to9 FrostDmg_E_1to9 FgramInc_E_0to9pcttext FGRAM_0_9text__INC FgramInc_E_0to9pcttext FGRAM_pct__INC FgramInc_E_pct FgramInc_E_pct FgramResp_E_0to5 FgramResp_E_0to5 FGRAM_0_5__RESP FgramSev_E_00to99text FgramSev_E_00to99text FGRAM_00_99text__SEV FgramSev_E_00to99 FgramSev_E_00to99 FGRAM_00_99__SEV FHBAUDPC_Calc_pct FHBAUDPC_Calc_pct FHB_pct__AUDPC FHBDON_M_ppm FHB_ppm__DON FHBDON_M_ppm FHBGInc_E_pct FHBGInc_E_pct FHB_pct__GRNINC FHBSpkInc_E_0to9pcttext FHB_0_9text__SPKINC FHBSpkInc_E_0to9pcttext FHB_pct__SPKINC FHBSpkInc_E_pct FHBSpkInc_E_pct FHBSpkResp_E_0to5 FHBSpkResp_E_0to5 FHB_0_5__SPKRESP FHBSpkResp_E_1to8 FHBSpkResp_E_1to8 FHB_1_8__SPKRESP FHBSpkWt_Calc_pct FHB_pct__SPKW FHBSpkWt_Calc_pct FHB_index__SPLINC FHBSplInc_Calc_Idx FHBSplInc_Calc_Idx FHB_num__SPLINC FHBSplInc_Ct_SplInfect FHBSplInc_Ct_SplInfect FnivLBInc_E_0to9pcttext FnivLBInc_E_0to9pcttext FNIVLB_0_9text__INC FnivLBInc_E_pct FNIVLB_pct__INC FnivLBInc_E_pct FnivLBSev_E_00to99text FNIVLB_00_99text__SEV FnivLBSev_E_00to99text FnivLBSev_E_00to99 FNIVLB_00_99__SEV FnivLBSev_E_00to99 FoxiWilt_E_pct FoxiWilt_E_pct FOXYWIL _pct GLMCOL_1_3 GlmCol_E_1to3 GlmCol_E_1to3 GlmGlau_E_0to9 GlmGlau_E_0to9 GLMGLAU_0_9 GlmLng_M_mm GLMLNG_mm GlmLng_M_mm GLMPUBDEN _0_9 GlmPubDen_E_0to9 GlmPubDen_E_0to9 GlmPubLng_M_um GlmPubLng_M_um GLMPUBLNG_um GlmWid_M_mm GLMWID_mm GlmWid_M_mm GLUA1_text GluA1_M_text GluA1_M_text GluA3_M_text GluA3_M_text GLUA3_text GluB1_M_text GluB1_M_text GLUB1_text GLUB3_text GluB3_M_text GluB3_M_text GLUD1_text GluD1_M_text GluD1_M_text GLUD3_text GluD3_M_text GluD3_M_text GApp_E_0to9 GApp_E_0to9 GRNAPP_0_9 GApp_E_0to9text GRNAPP_0_9text GApp_E_0to9text GCID_M_delta13C GCID_M_delta13C GRAINCID_delta GCol_E_1to3 GRNCOL_1_3 GCol_E_1to3 GCol_M_avalue GRNCOL_a_value GCol_M_avalue GCol_M_bvalue GRNCOL_b_value GCol_M_bvalue GRNCOL_L_value GCol_M_Lvalue GCol_M_Lvalue GRNCOL_1_5 GCol_E_1to5 GCol_E_1to5 UseTyp_M_1to9+text UseTyp_M_1to9+text USETYP_1_9_text GFP_calc_day GFILLPERIOD_days GFP_calc_day GFP_calc_pct 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Hd_relat_1to5 HeatTol_E_1to5 HeatTol_E_1to5 HEATTTOL_1_5 HelSpInc_E_0to9pcttext HELSP_0_9text HelSpInc_E_0to9pcttext HelSpLegacy_E_1to9 HelSpLegacy_E_1to9 HELSP_1_9 HelSpSev_E_00to99text HELSP_00_99text HelSpSev_E_00to99text HelSpSev_E_00to99 HELSP_00_99 HelSpSev_E_00to99 HerbDmg_N_T_S_M_V HerbicideDmg_E_1to5 HerbicideDmg_E_1to5 HERBDMG_1_5 HESFDMG _pct HesFlyDmg_E_pct HesFlyDmg_E_pct InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm INFERTNO_tll_m InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm2 InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm2 INFERTNO_tll_m2 ISBM_g_m2 ISBM_Calc_gm2 ISBM_Calc_gm2 ISBM_Calc_kgha ISBM_kg_ha ISBM_Calc_kgha ISBM_Calc_tha ISBM_Calc_tha ISBM_t_ha ISBM_g_plot ISBM_M_gPlot ISBM_M_gPlot ISBM_kg_plot ISBM_M_kgPlot ISBM_M_kgPlot InsectDmg_E_pct InsectDmg_E_pct INSECTDMG_pct InsectDmg_N_T_S_M_V InsectDmg_E_1to5 INSECTDMG_1_5 InsectDmg_E_1to5 TINDI_pct TindiInc_E_pct TindiInc_E_pct LAI_Calc_Idx LAI_Calc_Idx LAI_index LeafCID_M_delta13C LEAVESCID_delta LeafCID_M_delta13C Chl_M_CCI Chl_M_CCI CHL_CCI LEAFGLAU_0_9 LeafGlau_E_0to9 LeafGlau_E_0to9 LeafGlau_E_1to5 LEAFGLAU_1_5 LeafGlau_E_1to5 LeafLng_M_cm LEAFLNG_cm LeafLng_M_cm LEAFPUBDEN_0_9 LeafPubDen_E_0to9 LeafPubDen_E_0to9 LEAFPUBLNG _um LeafPubLng_M_um LeafPubLng_M_um PRECO_pct__CI PrecoCI_Calc_pct PrecoCI_Calc_pct PrecoInc_E_1to9 PrecoInc_E_1to9 PRECO_1_9 PrecoLegacy_E_9to1 PrecoLegacy_E_9to1 PRECO_9_1 PRECO_text PrecoNote_E_text PrecoNote_E_text PrecoResp_E_0to4 PRECO_0_4__RESP PrecoResp_E_0to4 PrecoResp_E_1to4 PRECO_1_4__RESP PrecoResp_E_1to4 PRECO_1_8__ADLTRESP PrecoResp_E_1to8 PrecoResp_E_1to8 PrecoSdlgResp_E_0to8 PrecoSdlgResp_E_0to8 PRECO_0_8__SEEDRESP PRECO_pct__SEV PrecoSev_E_pct PrecoSev_E_pct PrecoSev_E_0to12 PrecoSev_E_0to12 PRECO_0_12__SEV StomaCond_M_mmolm2s StomaCond_M_mmolm2s STMCOND_mmol_m2_s STMFRQ_num STMFRQ StomaFrq_Ct_stomamm2 StomaFrq_Ct_stomamm2 STMRES_s_m StomaRes_M_sm StomaRes_M_sm StomaSiz_M_um STMSIZ _um StomaSiz_M_um LeafThk_M_um LeafThk_M_um LEAFTHK_mm LeafTNecro_E_pct LEAFTNECR _pct LeafTNecro_E_pct LEAFWID_mm LeafWid_M_mm LeafWid_M_mm Lodg_E_0to9pcttext LODG_0_9text Lodg_E_0to9pcttext Lodg_E_pct LODG_pct Lodg_E_pct Lodg_E_0to5pct Lodg_E_0to5pct LODG_0_5 Lodg_E_0to9pct Lodg_E_0to9pct LODG_0_9 Lodg_E_1to5 LodgInc_N_T_S_M_V LODG_1_5 Lodg_E_1to5 LODG_1_9 Lodg_E_1to9 Lodg_E_1to9 UTRIT_pct__INC UtritInc_E_pct UtritInc_E_pct UtritInc_E_1to9 UtritInc_E_1to9 UTRIT_1_9__INC Mat_relat_1to6 Mat_relat_1to6 RELTMT_1_6 RELTMT MATD Mat_date_jd MATDATE MATD_jd Mat_date_jd MATDATE MATD_yyyymmdd MATD Mat_date_ymd Mat_date_ymd DAYSMT Mat_dto_day Mat_dto_day DTM_days MAT DTM Mat_relat_1to5 RELTMT Mat_relat_1to5 RELTMT_1_5 HtereInc_E_pct HtereInc_E_pct HTERE_pct__INC HTERE_00_99__SEV HtereSev_E_00to99 HtereSev_E_00to99 NodeNO_Ct_node NODENO _num NodeNO_Ct_node PedGlau_E_0to9 PEDGLAU_0_9 PedGlau_E_0to9 PedLng_M_cm PEDLNG _cm PedLng_M_cm NeckBreak_E_pct NBREAK_pct NeckBreak_E_pct PedPubDen_E_0to9 PEDPBD_0_9 PedPubDen_E_0to9 ErlVig_E_1to5 ErlVig_E_1to5 ERLVIG_1_5 GrwHabit_E_1to5 GrwHabit_E_1to5 GHABIT_1_5 PH_M_cm PH_cm PH_M_cm PH_M_m PH_m PH_M_m PH_E_1to5 RELTPH_1_5 PH_E_1to5 HNecro_E_0to1 HNECRO_0_1 HNecro_E_0to1 PHOTORESPO_1_9 PhotopResp_E_1to9 PhotopResp_E_1to9 PLNTSTND_pl_ha PlntStnd_Calc_Plntha PlntStnd_Calc_Plntha PlntStnd_Calc_Plntm2 PlntStnd_Calc_Plntm2 PLNTSTND_pl_m2 PlntStnd_Ct_Plntm PLNTSTND_pl_m PlntStnd_Ct_Plntm PlntStnd_Ct_PlntPlot PLNTSTND_pl_plot PlntStnd_Ct_PlntPlot VgP_calc_day VgP_calc_day VEGPERIOD_days VgP_calc_pct VEGPERIOD_pct VgP_calc_pct PlntVig_E_1to5 PlntVig_E_1to5 PLNTVIG_1_5 EgramInc_E_0to9pcttext EgramInc_E_0to9pcttext EGRAM_0_9text__INC EgramInc_E_pct EGRAM_pct__INC EgramInc_E_pct EgramInc_E_0to5 EGRAM_0_5__INC EgramInc_E_0to5 EgramInc_E_1to5 EGRAM_1_5__INC EgramInc_E_1to5 EGRAM_1_9__INC EgramInc_E_1to9 EgramInc_E_1to9 EgramLegacy_E_9to1 EGRAM_9_1 EgramLegacy_E_9to1 EgramSev_E_00to99text EGRAM_00_99text__SEV EgramSev_E_00to99text EgramSev_E_00to99 EgramSev_E_00to99 EGRAM_00_99__SEV PnegleDmg_E_pct PNEGLE_pct PnegleDmg_E_pct PthornDmg_E_pct PthornDmg_E_pct PTHORN_pct REPPERIOD_days RepP_Calc_day RepP_Calc_day RepP_Calc_pct REPPERIOD_pct RepP_Calc_pct RSOLA_0_9 RsolaInc_E_0to9pct RsolaInc_E_0to9pct RodentDmg_E_pct RodentDmg_E_pct RODDMG_pct ROOTDIS_1_5 RootDis_E_1to5 RootDis_E_1to5 RootDis_N_T_S_M_V RLNDmg_E_pct RLNDmg_E_pct RLESDMG_pct DNOXI_pct DnoxiDmg_E_pct DnoxiDmg_E_pct SALTOL _1_9 SaltTol_E_1to9 SaltTol_E_1to9 SawflyDmg_E_pct SawflyDmg_E_pct CPYGM_pct SGNDmg_E_pct SGNDmg_E_pct ATRITDMG _pct SEMOCOL_b_value SemoCol_M_bvalue SemoCol_M_bvalue SEMOPROT _pct SemoProt_Kjl_pct SemoProt_Kjl_pct SemoProt_NIRS_pct SEMOPROT _pct SemoProt_NIRS_pct SemoYellPig_M_ppm SEMOYELPIG_ppm SemoYellPig_M_ppm SEPSP_pct__INC SepSPInc_E_pct SepSPInc_E_pct SepSpLegacy_E_1to9 SEPSP_1_9 SepSpLegacy_E_1to9 SepSpLegacy_E_9to1 SEPSP_9_1 SepSpLegacy_E_9to1 SepSpResp_E_0to5 SEPSP_0_5__RESP SepSpResp_E_0to5 SEPSP_1_5__RESP SepSpResp_E_1to5 SepSpResp_E_1to5 SepSpSev_E_00to99text SepSpSev_E_00to99text SEPSP_00_99text__SEV SepSpSev_E_0to9pcttext SEPSP_0_9text__INC 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SpkDis_N_T_S_M_V SpkDis_E_1to5 SPKLNG_cm SpkLng_M_cm SpkLng_M_cm SN_Calc_Spksm2 SNO_spk_m2 SN_Calc_Spksm2 SN_M_Spksm SNO_spk_m SN_M_Spksm Shattering_E_pct Shattering_E_pct SHATTERING_pct Threshblty_E_1to9 THRESHBLTY_1_9 Threshblty_E_1to9 SplN_Ct_SplSpk SPLSPK_num spikelets/spike SplN_Ct_SplSpk SPLSPK HSATIL_0_9text__INC HsatiLInc_E_0to9pcttext HsatiLInc_E_0to9pcttext HsatiLInc_E_pct HsatiLInc_E_pct HSATIL_pct__INC HsatiLLegacy_E_1to9 HSATIL_1_9 HsatiLLegacy_E_1to9 HSATIL_9_1 HsatiLLegacy_E_9to1 HsatiLLegacy_E_9to1 HsatiLSev_E_00to99text HsatiLSev_E_00to99text HSATIL_00_99text__SEV HsatiLSev_E_00to99 HsatiLSev_E_00to99 HSATIL_00_99__SEV SproutTol_E_1to9 SproutTol_E_1to9 SPROUTTOL _1_9 STMDIA_mm StmDia_M_mm StmDia_M_mm StmLng_M_cm STMLNG_cm StmLng_M_cm PgramCI_Calc_pct PGRAM_pct__CI PgramCI_Calc_pct PgramNote_E_text PgramNote_E_text PGRAM_text PGRAM_1_8__ADLTRESP PgramResp_E_1to8 PgramResp_E_1to8 PgramSdlgResp_E_0to8 PGRAM_0_8__SEEDRESP PgramSdlgResp_E_0to8 PgramSev_E_pct PgramSev_E_pct PGRAM_pct__SEV PgramSev_E_0to12 PgramSev_E_0to12 PGRAM_0_12__SEV STMSOL_1_3 StmSol_E_1to3 StmSol_E_1to3 STMSTRENGTH_1_9 StmStrength_E_1to9 StmStrength_E_1to9 StmWallThk_M_um STMTHK_um StmWallThk_M_um StmWSC_M_pct STEMWSC_pct StmWSC_M_pct SpkSterility_E_0to6 STERIND_0_6 SpkSterility_E_0to6 SpkSterility_Calc_pct STERIND_pct SpkSterility_Calc_pct PstriCI_Calc_pct PstriCI_Calc_pct PSTRI_pct__CI PstriInc_E_1to9 PSTRI_1_9 PstriInc_E_1to9 PSTRI_text PstriNote_E_text PstriNote_E_text PSTRI_0_9__RESP PstriResp_E_0to9 PstriResp_E_0to9 PstriResp_E_1to8 PstriResp_E_1to8 PSTRI_1_8__ADLTRESP PSTRI_pct__SEV PstriSev_E_pct PstriSev_E_pct PstriSev_E_0to12 PSTRI_0_12__SEV PstriSev_E_0to12 PstriSpkSev_E_pct PSTRI_pct__SPKSEV PstriSpkSev_E_pct SUPDMG _1_5 SuPDmg_E_1to5 SuPDmg_E_1to5 GgtriInc_E_pct GgtriInc_E_pct GGTRI_pct__INC GgtriInc_E_1to5 GGTRI_1_5_INC GgtriInc_E_1to5 TANSPOT_0_9text TanSpotInc_E_0to9pcttext TanSpotInc_E_0to9pcttext TanSpotInc_E_pct TanSpotInc_E_pct TANSPOT_pct TANSPOT_1_5__ADLTRESP TanSpotResp_E_1to5 TanSpotResp_E_1to5 TANSPOT_0_5__SEEDRESP TanSpotSdlgResp_E_0to5 TanSpotSdlgResp_E_0to5 TANSPOT_00_99text__SEV TanSpotSev_E_00to99text TanSpotSev_E_00to99text TanSpotSev_E_00to99 TANSPOT_00_99__SEV TanSpotSev_E_00to99 TSpl_date_ymd TSD TSpl_date_ymd TSD_yyyymmdd DTTS TSpl_dto_day TSpl_dto_day DTTS_days TNO_tll_m TN_Ct_Tllrm TN_Ct_Tllrm TNO_tll_m2 TN_Ct_Tllrm2 TN_Ct_Tllrm2 TN_Ct_TllrPlnt TN_Ct_TllrPlnt TNO_tll_pl TllrCapacity_E_1to5 TllrCapacity_E_1to5 TllrCAPACITY_1_5 TlaevInc_E_pct TLAEV_pct__INC TlaevInc_E_pct TtritInc_E_pct TTRIT _pct__INC TtritInc_E_pct T1BL1RS_M_0to1 T1BL1RS_0_1 T1BL1RS_M_0to1 H2ODMG _0_9 WtrLoggDmg_E_0to9 WtrLoggDmg_E_0to9 WMFlrCol_M_avalue WMFLRCOL_a_value WMFlrCol_M_avalue WMFlrCol_M_bvalue WMFlrCol_M_bvalue WMFLRCOL_b_value WMFlrCol_M_Lvalue WMFLRCOL_L_value WMFlrCol_M_Lvalue WMFlrFN_M_s WMFLRFN_s WMFlrFN_M_s WMFlrSDS_M_ml WMFlrSDS_M_ml WMFLRSDS_ml WMFlrYellPig_M_ppm WMFLRYELPIG_ppm WMFlrYellPig_M_ppm WKill_E_0to9 WKill_E_0to9 WKILL_0_9 WKill_E_pct WKILL_pct WKill_E_pct WKill_E_1to5 WKill_E_1to5 WKILL_1_5 WormDmg_E_pct WORMDMG_pct WormDmg_E_pct PlntVig Estimation PlntVig Estimation Observe vigour of the plants per plot/entry and rate it. Calculated as time in days between emergence (DS10) and first node detectable (DS31). VgP Computation VgP Computation RepP Computation Calculated as time between double ridge (approx. DS14) and anthesis (DS65) as percentage of crop cycle duration. RepP Computation g/plant g/plant g/100 grain g/100 grain g/200 grain g/200 grain TanSpotSev Estimation TanSpotSev Estimation Standard method for tan spot severity. MgrisSev Estimation MgrisSev Estimation Standard method for wheat blast severity. Standard method for forage dry matter. ForgDM Estimation ForgDM Estimation Wsurv Estimation Wsurv Estimation Standard method for winter survival. BLBSev_E_pct BLBSev_E_pct RsecaSev_E_pct RsecaSev_E_pct FgramSev_E_pct FgramSev_E_pct FnivLBSev_E_pct FnivLBSev_E_pct HelSpSev_E_pct HelSpSev_E_pct HtereSev_E_pct HtereSev_E_pct EgramSev_E_pct EgramSev_E_pct SepSpSev_E_pct SepSpSev_E_pct SnodoSev_E_pct SnodoSev_E_pct StritSev_E_pct StritSev_E_pct HsatiLSev_E_pct HsatiLSev_E_pct TanSpotSev_E_pct TanSpotSev_E_pct MgrisSev_E_pct MgrisSev_E_pct ForgDM_E_pct ForgDM_E_pct Wsurv_E_pct Wsurv_E_pct AwnCol_E_1to6 AwnCol_E_1to6 GNDVI_M_Idx GNDVI_M_Idx GNDVI_index RNDVI_index RNDVI_M_Idx RNDVI_M_Idx GAmyloPec_M_pct GAmyloPec_M_pct GLys_M_pct GLys_M_pct RachLng_M_mm RachLng_M_mm SpkTyp_E_1to6 SpkTyp_E_1to6 StdEst_E_1to3 StdEst_E_1to3 StmCol_E_1to6 StmCol_E_1to6 StrawBreak_E_1to9 StrawBreak_E_1to9 StrawCol_E_1to6 StrawCol_E_1to6 StrawStn_E_1to3 StrawStn_E_1to3 StrawYld_E_tha StrawYld_E_tha WMFlrAsh_E_pct WMFlrAsh_E_pct GLng_M_mm GLng_M_mm GWid_M_mm GWid_M_mm GThk_M_mm GThk_M_mm GSize_ScreenCount1_pct GSize_ScreenCount1_pct GSize_ScreenCount2_pct GSize_ScreenCount2_pct GSize_ScreenCount3_pct GSize_ScreenCount3_pct GSize_ScreenCount4_pct GSize_ScreenCount4_pct GSize_ScreenCount5_pct GSize_ScreenCount5_pct GSize_ScreenCount6_pct GSize_ScreenCount6_pct GSize_ScreenMass1_pct GSize_ScreenMass1_pct GSize_ScreenMass2_pct GSize_ScreenMass2_pct GSize_ScreenMass3_pct GSize_ScreenMass3_pct GSize_ScreenMass4_pct GSize_ScreenMass4_pct GSize_ScreenMass5_pct GSize_ScreenMass5_pct GSize_ScreenMass6_pct GSize_ScreenMass6_pct AnthExt_E_pct AnthExt_E_pct AnthExt_E_0to9 AnthExt_E_0to9 Infertile spike number Number of infertile spikelet per spike. InfertSpkN Infertile spike number Rapid spike growth period RSpkGP Rapid spike growth period. Rapid spike growth period Grain yield production rate Grain yield production rate. Grain yield production rate GYPR Biomass production rate. Biomass production rate Biomass production rate BMPR TTTS Thermal Time from emergence to Terminal Spikelet (GS30). Terminal spikelet thermal time Terminal spikelet thermal time TTIB Booting initiation thermal time Booting initiation thermal time Thermal Time from emergence to Initiation of Booting (GS41). TTB Booting thermal time Booting thermal time Thermal Time from emergence to Booting (GS45). Thermal Time from emergence to Heading (GS55). TTH Heading thermal time Heading thermal time TTA Thermal Time from emergence to Anthesis (GS65). Anthesis thermal time Anthesis thermal time Physiological maturity thermal time Thermal Time from emergence to Physiological Maturity (GS87). Physiological maturity thermal time TTM Spike photosynthesis contribution SpkPho Spike photosynthesis contribution Photosynthetic contribution of the spike (ear) to grain yield. Fruiting efficiency Fruiting efficiency FE The final outcome of the floret developmental rates (determining the number of floret primordia that reach the stage of fertile florets at anthesis) and the proportion of grain set per fertile floret (the opposite to grain abortion), per unit of spike weight. Spike partitioning index SpkPI Spike partitioning index Spike partitioning index. Leaf lamina partitioning index LeafPI Leaf lamina partitioning index Leaf lamina partitioning index. Leaf sheath partitioning index. LeafSPI Leaf sheath partitioning index Leaf sheath partitioning index TSPI True stem partitioning index True stem partitioning index. True stem partitioning index Specific leaf area A ratio of the leaf area to dry mass. SLA Specific leaf area Anet Carbon fixation by photosynthesis. Leaf net photosynthesis rate Leaf net photosynthesis rate Leaf light-saturated net photosynthesis Asat Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light. Leaf light-saturated net photosynthesis Amax Leaf light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light and CO2. Leaf light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration. Leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Ci Leaf quantum yield of photosystem II Leaf quantum yield of photosystem II PhiPS2 Quantum yield of electron transfer at PSII. Leaf quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation PhiCO2 Leaf quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation Quantum yield of carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation. Leaf electron transport rate Leaf electron transport rate ETR Transfer of electrons during photosynthesis in light saturated leaf. Leaf maximal fluorescence intensity Maximal level of fluorescence intensity measured in the leaf. Leaf maximal fluorescence intensity FmDL FoLA Minimal level of fluorescence intensity measured in the leaf. Leaf minimal fluorescence intensity Leaf minimal fluorescence intensity FvLA Variable fluorescence measured in the leaf. leaf variable fluorescence leaf variable fluorescence Leaf maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry FvDAFmDA Leaf maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured in the leaf. Leaf steady-state fluorescence The fluorescence emitting during steady state. Fs Leaf steady-state fluorescence LeafTR Leaf transpiration rate Leaf transpiration rate Leaf transpiration rate. CiCa Leaf intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio Intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio. Leaf intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio LI Light energy intercepted by the canopy. Canopy light interception Canopy light interception Radiation use efficiency RUE_T Radiation use efficiency The amount of biomass produced per unit of intercepted solar radiation. Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll a Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes ONLY chlorophyll-a. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. LeafPSSRa Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll a Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll b Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll b Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes ONLY chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. LeafPSSRb Leaf spectral reflectance 675 nm LeafR675 The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R675 nm wavelength. Leaf spectral reflectance 675 nm Leaf spectral reflectance 550 nm The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R550 nm wavelength. Leaf spectral reflectance 550 nm LeafR550 Leaf spectral reflectance 750/550 nm LeafR750R700 Leaf spectral reflectance 750/550 nm The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R750/R550 nm wavelength. The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R750/R700 nm wavelength. Leaf spectral reflectance 750/700 nm LeafR750R700 Leaf spectral reflectance 750/700 nm SpkDW Spike dry weight Spike dry weight Dry weight of spike(s). Flag leaf lamina length FLeafLLng Flag leaf lamina length Length of flag leaf lamina. FLeafLWid Flag leaf lamina width Width of flag leaf lamina. Flag leaf lamina width Grain weight per spike Grain weight per spike Grain weight per spike. SpkGW Stripe rust seedling response PstriSdlgResp Stripe rust seedling response Stripe rust (yellow rust) response in the seedlings caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust Leaf rolling severity Severity of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. Leaf rolling severity LRollSev Leaf rolling incidence Leaf rolling incidence Incidence of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. LRollInc InfertSpkN Counting InfertSpkN Counting The number of infertile spikelets (i.e., those NOT containing grain) per spike should be counted towards the end of grain-filling, but before physiological maturity (to avoid losses due to movement through the plots). Randomly sample 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the total number of spikelets (pair-by-pair, from the base to the tip), then obtain the average. Phase period where the spike growth the most regarding the whole crop cycle and can be calculated as (anthesis date-initiation of booting date)/days to maturity *100. RSpkGP Computation RSpkGP Computation CGR Computation CGR Computation It is measured during rapid spike growth phase. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Then, CRG is the production of biomass per day between initiation of booting and seven days after anthesis. Calculated as (Biomass 7DAA/m2 - Biomass InB/m2)/Days from InB to 7DAA. Calculated from biomass seven days after anthesis (7DAA) sampling. SN Computation SN Computation Calculated with grain yield obtained /days to maturity. GYPR Computation GYPR Computation Calculated with final biomass obtained /days to maturity. BMPR Computation BMPR Computation TTTS Computation TTTS Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until terminal spikelet(thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTIB Computation TTIB Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until initiation of booting (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTB Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until booting (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTB Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until emergence (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTH Computation TTH Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until anthesis (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTA Computation TTA Computation TTM Computation TTM Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until physiological maturity (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. StmWSC NIR Measurement Water soluble carbohydrates of stem dry weight measured with NIRs. StmWSC NIR Measurement Water soluble carbohydrates of stem dry weight measured with chemical method Antrone. StmWSC Atrone Measurement StmWSC Atrone Measurement Textile treatment is used to inhibit photosynthesis of the spikes through shading(comparison between control and treated spikes). Randomly selected spikes (for example: 12 spikes) per plot are covered with a special designed textile 10 days after anthesis under irrigation and drought or 10 days after heading under heat environments. Then, at physiological maturity the spikes are harvested together with 12 control spikes and the number of grains and weight are recorded and compared the treated spikes with the control ones (Sanchez-Bragado et al., 2016). SpkPho Computation SpkPho Computation Spike fertility index. Dry weight of 20 randomly selected spikes at anthesis. Fruiting Efficiency= number of grains at maturity / spike dry matter at anthesis. FE Computation FE Computation Calculated from shoots sampled seven days after anthesis and SPI is expressed as a ratio and can be calculated as SPI= (dry weight of spikes at anthesis+7/dry weight of the whole plants (shoots) at anthesis+7). SpkPI Computation SpkPI Computation Leaf Lamina Coefficient = Lamina DM measured at7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of leaf lamina is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. LeafPI Computation LeafPI Computation LeafSPI Computation LeafSPI Computation Leaf Sheath Coefficient = Leaf Sheath DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of leaf sheath is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. TSPI Computation True Stem Coefficient = True stem DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of true stem is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. TSPI Computation Leaf area of flag leaf or all laminas is measured. Then the leaves are oven dried at 60-70oC for 48h and the dry weight is recorded. Then, the specific leaf area is calculated as the ratio of leaf area to dry mass SLA= leaf area/dry mass. SLA Measurement SLA Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Anet Measurement Anet Measurement Asat Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Asat Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Amax Measurement Amax Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Ci Computation Ci Computation Standard method for fluorescence measurement. PhiPS2 Measurement PhiPS2 Measurement Standard method for gas exchange measurement. PhiCO2 Measurement PhiCO2 Measurement ETR Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. ETR Measurement FmDA Measurement Maximal level of fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. FmDA Measurement Maximal level of fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. FmLA Measurement FmLA Measurement FoDA Measurement FoDA Measurement Minimal level of fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. FoLA Measurement FoLA Measurement Minimal level of fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. FvDA Measurement Variable fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. FvDA Measurement Variable fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. FvLA Measurement FvLA Measurement FvDAFmLA measurement Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured from a dark adapted leaf. FvDAFmLA measurement FvLAFmLA measurement Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured from a light adapted leaf. FvLAFmLA measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Fs Measurement Fs Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. LeafTR Measurement LeafTR Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. CiCa Measurement CiCa Measurement LI Computation LI Computation Measurement of the light intercepted by the canopy using a ceptometer as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. RUE Computation Measurement of Radiation Use Efficiency as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. RUE Computation RUET Computation Measurement of Radiation Use Efficiency as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. RUET Computation LeafPSSRa Measurement LeafPSSRa Measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. Standard method for spectral reflectance. LeafPSSRb Measurement LeafPSSRb Measurement Leaf R675 Measurement Leaf R675 Measurement Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R675. Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R550. Leaf R550 Measurement Leaf R550 Measurement Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/R550. Leaf R750/R550 Measurement Leaf R750/R550 Measurement Leaf R750/R700 Measurement Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/700. Leaf R750/R700 Measurement SpkDW Computation Standard spike dry weight method. SpkDW Computation FLeafLLng Measurement Standard method for flag leaf lamina length. FLeafLLng Measurement FLeafLWid Measurement FLeafLWid Measurement Standard method for flag leaf lamina width. Dry grains at 70oC and weigh. SpkGW Measurement SpkGW Measurement Seedling host responses are normally scored as susceptible or resistant depending on the infection type produced with a designated isolate in a particular environment. The infection type produced will often change if the environment is altered. Seedling rust field response Estimation Seedling rust field response Estimation LRollSev Estimation Standard method for leaf rolling severity. LRollSev Estimation LRollInc Estimation LRollInc Estimation Standard method for leaf rolling incidence. Standard method for In-season aboveground biomass. ISBM Estimation ISBM Estimation °C day °C day µmol CO2/m2/s µmol CO2/m2/s µmol CO2/mol µmol CO2/mol μmol/m2/s μmol/m2/s mmol H2O/m2/s mmol H2O/m2/s g/MJ g/MJ g g 1-5 LRoll scale 1-5 LRoll scale 1= unrolled, turgid 2= leaf rim starts to roll 3= leaf has shape of a V 4= rolled leaf rim covers part of leaf blade 5= leaf is severely rolled InfertSpkN_Ct_SplSpk InfertSpkN_Ct_SplSpk RSpkGP_Calc_pct RSpkGP_Calc_pct CGR_Calc_gm2day CGR_Calc_gm2day SN_Calc_Spksm2 SN_Calc_Spksm2 GYPR_Calc_gm2day GYPR_Calc_gm2day BMPR_Calc_gm2day BMPR_Calc_gm2day TTTS_Calc_Cday TTTS_Calc_Cday TTIB_Calc_Cday TTIB_Calc_Cday TTB_Calc_Cday TTB_Calc_Cday TTH_Calc_Cday TTH_Calc_Cday TTA_Calc_Cday TTA_Calc_Cday TTM_calc_Cday TTM_calc_Cday StmWSC_NIR_pct StmWSC_NIR_pct StmWSC_Atrone_pct StmWSC_Atrone_pct SpkPho_Textile_pct SpkPho_Textile_pct FE_Calc_Idx FE_Calc_Idx SpkPI_Calc_Idx SpkPI_Calc_Idx LeafPI_M_Idx LeafPI_M_Idx LeafSPI_M_Idx LeafSPI_M_Idx TSPI_M_Idx TSPI_M_Idx SLA_M_m2kg1 SLA_M_m2kg1 Anet_M_umolCO2m2s2 Anet_M_umolCO2m2s2 Asat_M_umolCO2m2s1 Asat_M_umolCO2m2s1 Amax_M_umolCO2m2s2 Amax_M_umolCO2m2s2 Ci_M_umolCO2mol1 Ci_M_umolCO2mol1 PhiPS2_M_Idx PhiPS2_M_Idx PhiCO2_M_Idx PhiCO2_M_Idx ETR_M_μmolm2s1 ETR_M_μmolm2s1 FmDA_M_Idx FmDA_M_Idx FmLA_M_Idx FmLA_M_Idx FoDA_M_Idx FoDA_M_Idx FoLA_M_Idx FoLA_M_Idx FvDA_M_Idx FvDA_M_Idx FvLA_M_Idx FvLA_M_Idx FvDAFmDA_M_Idx FvDAFmDA_M_Idx FvLAFmLA_M_Idx FvLAFmLA_M_Idx Fs_M_Idx Fs_M_Idx LeafTR_M_mmolH2Om2s1 LeafTR_M_mmolH2Om2s1 CiCa_M_Idx CiCa_M_Idx LI_M_pct LI_M_pct RUE_Calc_gMJ RUE_Calc_gMJ RUET_Calc_gMJ RUET_Calc_gMJ LeafPSSRa_M_Idx LeafPSSRa_M_Idx LeafPSSRb_M_Idx LeafPSSRb_M_Idx LeafR675_M_Idx LeafR675_M_Idx LeafR550_M_Idx LeafR550_M_Idx LeafR750R550_M_Idx LeafR750R550_M_Idx LeafR750R700_M_Idx LeafR750R700_M_Idx SpkDW_Calc_gm2 SpkDW_Calc_gm2 FLeafLLng_M_cm FLeafLLng_M_cm FLeafLWid_M_mm FLeafLWid_M_mm SpkGW_M_g SpkGW_M_g PSTRI_0_8__SEEDRESP PstriSdlgResp_E_0to8 PstriSdlgResp_E_0to8 LRollSev_E_1to5 LRollSev_E_1to5 LRollInc_E_pct LRollInc_E_pct ISBM_E_1to5 ISBM_E_1to5 GRATIL Grain number per tiller Grain number per tiller Number of grains per tiller. Grain weight per tiller Grain weight per tiller Grain weight per tiller. GWTTILL GrnTllr Computation GrnTllr Computation TllrGW Measurement TllrGW Measurement grains/tiller grains/tiller GrnTllr_Calc_GrnTllr GrnTllr_Calc_GrnTllr TllrGW_M_g TllrGW_M_g Abiotic stress traits Abiotic stress traits Agronomical traits Agronomical traits Biotic stress traits Biotic stress traits Morphological traits Morphological traits Phenological traits Phenological traits Physiological traits Physiological traits Quality traits Quality traits