Marié-Angélique Laporte
Céline Aubert
Agronomy Ontology
Pier Luigi Buttigieg
AgrO is an ontlogy for representing agronomic practices, techniques, variables and related entities
preferred fieldbook label
editor preferred term
example of usage
has curation status
definition
definition
editor note
term editor
alternative term
definition source
curator note
imported from
expand expression to
expand assertion to
An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a string or literal, where the value of the string or literal is a Common Logic sentence of collection of sentences that define the Object Property.
first order logic expression
OBO foundry unique label
elucidation
An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context.
temporal interpretation
https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
tooth SubClassOf 'never in taxon' value 'Aves'
x never in taxon T if and only if T is a class, and x does not instantiate the class expression "in taxon some T". Note that this is a shortcut relation, and should be used as a hasValue restriction in OWL.
Chris Mungall
?X DisjointWith RO_0002162 some ?Y
never in taxon
A is mutually_spatially_disjoint_with B if both A and B are classes, and there exists no p such that p is part_of some A and p is part_of some B.
non-overlapping with
shares no parts with
Class: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Nothing> EquivalentTo: (BFO_0000050 some ?X) and (BFO_0000050 some ?Y)
mutually spatially disjoint with
https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Part-disjointness-Design-Pattern
An assertion that holds between an ontology class and an organism taxon class, which is intepreted to yield some relationship between instances of the ontology class and the taxon.
taxonomic class assertion
S ambiguous_for_taxon T if the class S does not have a clear referent in taxon T. An example would be the class 'manual digit 1', which encompasses a homology hypotheses that is accepted for some species (e.g. human and mouse), but does not have a clear referent in Aves - the referent is dependent on the hypothesis embraced, and also on the ontogenetic stage. [PHENOSCPAE:asilomar_mtg]
ambiguous for taxon
S dubious_for_taxon T if it is probably the case that no instances of S can be found in any instance of T.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
This relation lacks a strong logical interpretation, but can be used in place of never_in_taxon where it is desirable to state that the definition of the class is too strict for the taxon under consideration, but placing a never_in_taxon link would result in a chain of inconsistencies that will take ongoing coordinated effort to resolve. Example: metencephalon in teleost
dubious for taxon
S present_in_taxon T if some instance of T has some S. This does not means that all instances of T have an S - it may only be certain life stages or sexes that have S
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
present in taxon
defined by inverse
An assertion that involves at least one OWL object that is intended to be expanded into one or more logical axioms. The logical expansion can yield axioms expressed using any formal logical system, including, but not limited to OWL2-DL.
logical macro assertion
https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/ShortcutRelations
An assertion that holds between an OWL Annotation Property P and a non-negative integer N, with the interpretation: for any P(i j) it must be the case that | { k : P(i k) } | = N.
annotation property cardinality
A logical macro assertion whose domain is an IRI for a class
The domain for this class can be considered to be owl:Class, but we cannot assert this in OWL2-DL
logical macro assertion on a class
A logical macro assertion whose domain is an IRI for a property
logical macro assertion on a property
Used to annotate object properties to describe a logical meta-property or characteristic of the object property.
logical macro assertion on an object property
logical macro assertion on an annotation property
An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a dispositional interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms or OWL Individuals that use this property are to be interpreted in a dispositional context. For example, A binds B may be interpreted as A have a mutual disposition that is realized by binding to the other one.
dispositional interpretation
'pectoral appendage skeleton' has no connections with 'pelvic appendage skeleton'
A is has_no_connections_with B if there are no parts of A or B that have a connection with the other.
shares no connection with
Class: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Nothing> EquivalentTo: (BFO_0000050 some ?X) and (RO_0002170 some (BFO_0000050 some ?Y))
has no connections with
inherited annotation property
Connects an ontology entity (class, property, etc) to a URL from which curator guidance can be obtained. This assertion is inherited in the same manner as functional annotations (e.g. for GO, over SubClassOf and part_of)
curator guidance link
brain always_present_in_taxon 'Vertebrata'
forelimb always_present_in_taxon Euarchontoglires
S always_present_in_taxon T if every fully formed member of taxon T has part some S, or is an instance of S
This is a very strong relation. Often we will not have enough evidence to know for sure that there are no species within a lineage that lack the structure - loss is common in evolution. However, there are some statements we can make with confidence - no vertebrate lineage could persist without a brain or a heart. All primates are limbed.
never lost in
always present in taxon
This properties were created originally for the annotation of developmental or life cycle stages, such as for example Carnegie Stage 20 in humans.
temporal logical macro assertion on a class
measurement property has unit
has start time value
has end time value
Count of number of days intervening between the start of the stage and the time of fertilization according to a reference model. Note that the first day of development has the value of 0 for this property.
start, days post fertilization
Count of number of days intervening between the end of the stage and the time of fertilization according to a reference model. Note that the first day of development has the value of 1 for this property.
end, days post fertilization
Count of number of years intervening between the start of the stage and the time of birth according to a reference model. Note that the first year of post-birth development has the value of 0 for this property, and the period during which the child is one year old has the value 1.
start, years post birth
Count of number of years intervening between the end of the stage and the time of birth according to a reference model. Note that the first year of post-birth development has the value of 1 for this property, and the period during which the child is one year old has the value 2
end, years post birth
Count of number of months intervening between the start of the stage and the time of birth according to a reference model. Note that the first month of post-birth development has the value of 0 for this property, and the period during which the child is one month old has the value 1.
start, months post birth
Count of number of months intervening between the end of the stage and the time of birth according to a reference model. Note that the first month of post-birth development has the value of 1 for this property, and the period during which the child is one month old has the value 2
end, months post birth
Defines the start and end of a stage with a duration of 1 month, relative to either the time of fertilization or last menstrual period of the mother (to be clarified), counting from one, in terms of a reference model. Thus if month_of_gestation=3, then the stage is 2 month in.
month of gestation
A relationship between a stage class and an anatomical structure or developmental process class, in which the stage is characterized by the appearance of the structure or the occurrence of the biological process
has developmental stage marker
Count of number of days intervening between the start of the stage and the time of coitum.
For mouse staging: assuming that it takes place around midnight during a 7pm to 5am dark cycle (noon of the day on which the vaginal plug is found, the embryos are aged 0.5 days post coitum)
start, days post coitum
Count of number of days intervening between the end of the stage and the time of coitum.
end, days post coitum
start, weeks post birth
end, weeks post birth
If Rel is the relational form of a process Pr, then it follow that: Rel(x,y) <-> exists p : Pr(p), x subject-partner-in p, y object-partner-in p
is asymmetric relational form of process class
https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/InteractionRelations
If Rel is the relational form of a process Pr, then it follow that: Rel(x,y) <-> exists p : Pr(p), x partner-in p, y partner-in p
is symmetric relational form of process class
https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/InteractionRelations
R is the relational form of a process if and only if either (1) R is the symmetric relational form of a process or (2) R is the asymmetric relational form of a process
is relational form of process class
https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/InteractionRelations
relation p is the direct form of relation q iff p is a subPropertyOf q, p does not have the Transitive characteristic, q does have the Transitive characteristic, and for all x, y: x q y -> exists z1, z2, ..., zn such that x p z1 ... z2n y
The general property hierarchy is:
"directly P" SubPropertyOf "P"
Transitive(P)
Where we have an annotation assertion
"directly P" "is direct form of" "P"
If we have the annotation P is-direct-form-of Q, and we have inverses P' and Q', then it follows that P' is-direct-form-of Q'
Chris Mungall
is direct form of
relation p is the indirect form of relation q iff p is a subPropertyOf q, and there exists some p' such that p' is the direct form of q, p' o p' -> p, and forall x,y : x q y -> either (1) x p y or (2) x p' y
Chris Mungall
is indirect form of
logical macro assertion on an axiom
If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then it also holds that R -> P o Q. Note that this cannot be expressed directly in OWL
is a defining property chain axiom
If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then (1) R -> P o Q holds and (2) Q is either reflexive or locally reflexive. A corollary of this is that P SubPropertyOf R.
is a defining property chain axiom where second argument is reflexive
An annotation property that connects an object property to a class, where the object property is derived from or a shortcut property for the class. The exact semantics of this annotation may vary on a case by case basis.
is relational form of a class
A shortcut relationship that holds between two entities based on their identity criteria
logical macro assertion involving identity
A shortcut relationship between two entities x and y1, such that the intent is that the relationship is functional and inverse function, but there is no guarantee that this property holds.
in approximate one to one relationship with
x is approximately equivalent to y if it is the case that x is equivalent, identical or near-equivalent to y
The precise meaning of this property is dependent upon some contexts. It is intended to group multiple possible formalisms. Possibilities include a probabilistic interpretation, for example, Pr(x=y) > 0.95. Other possibilities include reified statements of belief, for example, "Database D states that x=y"
is approximately equivalent to
'anterior end of organism' is-opposite-of 'posterior end of organism'
'increase in temperature' is-opposite-of 'decrease in temperature'
x is the opposite of y if there exists some distance metric M, and there exists no z such as M(x,z) <= M(x,y) or M(y,z) <= M(y,x).
is opposite of
x is indistinguishable from y if there exists some distance metric M, and there exists no z such as M(x,z) <= M(x,y) or M(y,z) <= M(y,x).
is indistinguishable from
evidential logical macro assertion on an axiom
A relationship between a sentence and an instance of a piece of evidence in which the evidence supports the axiom
This annotation property is intended to be used in an OWL Axiom Annotation to connect an OWL Axiom to an instance of an ECO (evidence type ontology class). Because in OWL, all axiom annotations must use an Annotation Property, the value of the annotation cannot be an OWL individual, the convention is to use an IRI of the individual.
axiom has evidence
A relationship between a sentence and an instance of a piece of evidence in which the evidence contradicts the axiom
This annotation property is intended to be used in an OWL Axiom Annotation to connect an OWL Axiom to an instance of an ECO (evidence type ontology class). Because in OWL, all axiom annotations must use an Annotation Property, the value of the annotation cannot be an OWL individual, the convention is to use an IRI of the individual.
axiom contradicted by evidence
In the context of a particular project, the IRI with CURIE NCBIGene:64327 (which in this example denotes a class) is considered to be representative. This means that if we have equivalent classes with IRIs OMIM:605522, ENSEMBL:ENSG00000105983, HGNC:13243 forming an equivalence set, the NCBIGene is considered the representative member IRI. Depending on the policies of the project, the classes may be merged, or the NCBIGene IRI may be chosen as the default in a user interface context.
this property relates an IRI to the xsd boolean value "True" if the IRI is intended to be the representative IRI for a collection of classes that are mutually equivalent.
If it is necessary to make the context explicit, an axiom annotation can be added to the annotation assertion
is representative IRI for equivalence set
OWLAPI Reasoner documentation for representativeElement, which follows a similar idea, but selects an arbitrary member
Used to annotate object properties representing a causal relationship where the value indicates a direction. Should be "+", "-" or "0"
cjm
2018-03-13T23:59:29Z
is directional form of
cjm
2018-03-14T00:03:16Z
is positive form of
cjm
2018-03-14T00:03:24Z
is negative form of
eco subset
subset_property
has_broad_synonym
database_cross_reference
has_exact_synonym
has_obo_format_version
has_related_synonym
in_subset
shorthand
is defined by
is defined by
This is an experimental annotation
has method
measurement method of
A treatment is the material being forced on the subject (unit) and whose effect is to be monitored during an experiment. The treatment can be either qualitative (e.g., species, fertilizer types) or quantitative (e.g., time periods, quantified levels of a fertilizer type).
hasTreatment
A treatment is the material being forced on the subject (unit) and whose effect is to be monitored during an experiment. The treatment can be either qualitative (e.g., species, fertilizer types) or quantitative (e.g., time periods, quantified levels of a fertilizer type).
p://www.fao.org/wairdocs/ilri/x5546e/x5546e0a.htm
is part of
my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)
this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)
a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other.
Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.)
A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'.
part_of
part of
http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of
has part
my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)
this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)
a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part.
Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.)
A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'.
has_part
has part
realized in
this disease is realized in this disease course
this fragility is realized in this shattering
this investigator role is realized in this investigation
is realized by
realized_in
[copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
realized in
realizes
this disease course realizes this disease
this investigation realizes this investigator role
this shattering realizes this fragility
to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
realizes
accidentally included in BFO 1.2 proposal
- should have been BFO_0000062
obsolete preceded by
preceded by
x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other.
is preceded by
preceded_by
http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by
preceded by
precedes
x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
precedes
occurs in
b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
occurs_in
unfolds in
unfolds_in
Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant
occurs in
site of
[copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant
contains process
sardine has consumer some homo sapiens
'has consumer' is a relation between a material entity and an organism in which the former can normally be digested or otherwise absorbed by the latter without immediate or persistent ill effect.
Damion Dooley
has consumer
inheres in
this fragility inheres in this vase
this red color inheres in this apple
a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists.
inheres_in
inheres in
bearer of
this apple is bearer of this red color
this vase is bearer of this fragility
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist.
bearer_of
is bearer of
bearer of
participates in
this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation
this input material (or this output material) participates in this process
this investigator participates in this investigation
a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
participates_in
participates in
has participant
this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot
this investigation has participant this investigator
this process has participant this input material (or this output material)
a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.
has_participant
http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant
has participant
A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants.
is concretized as
A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant.
concretizes
this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme
a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
function_of
is function of
function of
this red color is a quality of this apple
a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists.
is quality of
quality_of
quality of
this investigator role is a role of this person
a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
is role of
role_of
role of
this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function)
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
has_function
has function
this apple has quality this red color
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist.
has_quality
has quality
this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
has_role
has role
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
has disposition
inverse of has disposition
disposition of
A relation that holds between two neurons connected directly via a synapse, or indirectly via a series of synaptically connected neurons.
David Osumi-Sutherland
(forall (?x ?y)
(iff
(neural_circuit_path ?x ?y)
(and
("neuron ; CL_0000540" ?x)
("neuron ; CL_0000540" ?y)
(or
(synapsed_by ?x ?y)
(synapsed_to ?x ?y)))))
(forall (...s ?x ?y ?z)
(iff
(neural_circuit_path ...s ?x ?y ?z)
(and
(neural_circuit_path ...s ?x ?y)
("neuron ; CL_0000540" ?z)
(or
(synapsed_by ?y ?z)
(synapsed_to ?y ?z)))))
(forall (?x ?y)
(iff
(in_neural_circuit_with ?x ?y)
(exists (...s)
(neural_circuit_path ?x ...s ?y))))
in neural circuit with
A relation that holds between a neuron that is synapsed_to another neuron or a neuron that is connected indirectly to another by a chain of neurons, each synapsed_to the next.
David Osumi-Sutherland
(forall (?x ?y)
(iff
(upstream_neural_circuit_path ?x ?y)
(and
("neuron ; CL_0000540" ?x)
("neuron ; CL_0000540" ?y)
(synapsed_to ?x ?y))))
(forall (...s ?x ?y ?z)
(iff
(upstream_neural_circuit_path ...s ?x ?y ?z )
(and
(upstream_neural_circuit_path ...s ?x ?y)
("neuron ; CL_0000540" ?z)
(synapsed_to ?y ?z))))
(forall (?x ?y)
(iff
(upstream_in_neural_circuit_with ?x ?y)
(exists (...s)
(upstream_neural_circuit_path ?x ...s ?y))))
upstream in neural circuit with
A relation that holds between a neuron that is synapsed_to another neuron or a neuron that is connected indirectly to another by a chain of neurons, each synapsed_to the next.
David Osumi-Sutherland
(forall (?x ?y)
(iff
(downstream_neural_circuit_path ?x ?y)
(and
("neuron ; CL_0000540" ?x)
("neuron ; CL_0000540" ?y)
(synapsed_by ?x ?y))))
(forall (...s ?x ?y ?z)
(iff
(downstream_neural_circuit_path ...s ?x ?y ?z )
(and
(downstream_neural_circuit_path ...s ?x ?y)
("neuron ; CL_0000540" ?z)
(synapsed_by ?y ?z))))
(forall (?x ?y)
(iff
(downstream_in_neural_circuit_with ?x ?y)
(exists (...s)
(downstream_neural_circuit_path ?x ...s ?y))))
downstream in neural circuit with
this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division)
this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division)
a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'.
derives_from
This relation is taken from the RO2005 version of RO. It may be obsoleted and replaced by relations with different definitions. See also the 'develops from' family of relations.
derives from
this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division)
this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division)
a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'.
derives_into
derives into
is location of
my head is the location of my brain
this cage is the location of this rat
a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location
Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
location_of
location of
contained in
Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved.
Containment obtains in each case between material and immaterial continuants, for instance: lung contained_in thoracic cavity; bladder contained_in pelvic cavity. Hence containment is not a transitive relation. If c part_of c1 at t then we have also, by our definition and by the axioms of mereology applied to spatial regions, c located_in c1 at t. Thus, many examples of instance-level location relations for continuants are in fact cases of instance-level parthood. For material continuants location and parthood coincide. Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved. To understand this relation, we first define overlap for continuants as follows: c1 overlap c2 at t =def for some c, c part_of c1 at t and c part_of c2 at t. The containment relation on the instance level can then be defined (see definition):
Intended meaning:
domain: material entity
range: spatial region or site (immaterial continuant)
contained_in
contained in
contains
contains
penicillin (CHEBI:17334) is allergic trigger for penicillin allergy (DOID:0060520)
A relation between a material entity and a condition (a phenotype or disease) of a host, in which the material entity is not part of the host, and is considered harmless to non-allergic hosts, and the condition results in pathological processes that include an abnormally strong immune response against the material entity.
is allergic trigger for
A relation between a material entity and a condition (a phenotype or disease) of a host, in which the material entity is part of the host itself, and the condition results in pathological processes that include an abnormally strong immune response against the material entity.
is autoimmune trigger for
penicillin allergy (DOID:0060520) has allergic trigger penicillin (CHEBI:17334)
A relation between a condition (a phenotype or disease) of a host and a material entity, in which the material entity is not part of the host, and is considered harmless to non-allergic hosts, and the condition results in pathological processes that include an abnormally strong immune response against the material entity.
has allergic trigger
A relation between a condition (a phenotype or disease) of a host and a material entity, in which the material entity is part of the host itself, and the condition results in pathological processes that include an abnormally strong immune response against the material entity.
has autoimmune trigger
located in
my brain is located in my head
this rat is located in this cage
a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location
Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus
Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
located_in
http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:located_in
located in
the surface of my skin is a 2D boundary of my body
a relation between a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary) and a material entity, in which the boundary delimits the material entity
A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts.
Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape.
2D_boundary_of
boundary of
is 2D boundary of
is boundary of
2D boundary of
David Osumi-Sutherland
aligned with
my body has 2D boundary the surface of my skin
a relation between a material entity and a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary), in which the boundary delimits the material entity
A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts.
Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape.
David Osumi-Sutherland
has boundary
has_2D_boundary
has 2D boundary
A relation that holds between two neurons that are electrically coupled via gap junctions.
David Osumi-Sutherland
electrically_synapsed_to
The relationship that holds between a trachea or tracheole and an antomical structure that is contained in (and so provides an oxygen supply to).
David Osumi-Sutherland
tracheates
David Osumi-Sutherland
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22402613
innervated_by
David Osumi-Sutherland
has synaptic terminal of
X outer_layer_of Y iff:
. X :continuant that bearer_of some PATO:laminar
. X part_of Y
. exists Z :surface
. X has_boundary Z
. Z boundary_of Y
has_boundary: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002002
boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000
David Osumi-Sutherland
A relationship that applies between a continuant and its outer, bounding layer. Examples include the relationship between a multicellular organism and its integument, between an animal cell and its plasma membrane, and between a membrane bound organelle and its outer/bounding membrane.
bounding layer of
A relation that holds between two linear structures that are approximately parallel to each other for their entire length and where either the two structures are adjacent to each other or one is part of the other.
Note from NCEAS meeting: consider changing primary label
David Osumi-Sutherland
Example: if we define region of chromosome as any subdivision of a chromosome along its long axis, then we can define a region of chromosome that contains only gene x as 'chromosome region' that coincident_with some 'gene x', where the term gene X corresponds to a genomic sequence.
coincident with
A relation that applies between a cell(c) and a gene(g) , where the process of 'transcription, DNA templated (GO_0006351)' is occuring in in cell c and that process has input gene g.
David Osumi-Sutherland
x 'cell expresses' y iff:
cell(x)
AND gene(y)
AND exists some 'transcription, DNA templated (GO_0006351)'(t)
AND t occurs_in x
AND t has_input y
cell expresses
x 'regulates in other organism' y if and only if: (x is the realization of a function to exert an effect on the frequency, rate or extent of y) AND (the agents of x are produced by organism o1 and the agents of y are produced by organism o2).
David Osumi-Sutherland
regulates in other organism
A relationship that holds between a process that regulates a transport process and the entity transported by that process.
David Osumi-Sutherland
regulates transport of
A part of relation that applies only between occurents.
occurent part of
A 'has regulatory component activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is regulated by B.
dos
2017-05-24T09:30:46Z
has regulatory component activity
A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that negatively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is negatively regulated by B.
dos
2017-05-24T09:31:01Z
By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function. Internal regulatory functions are treated as components. For example, NMDA glutmate receptor activity is a cation channel activity with positive regulatory component 'glutamate binding' and negative regulatory components including 'zinc binding' and 'magnesium binding'.
has negative regulatory component activity
A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that positively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is positively regulated by B.
dos
2017-05-24T09:31:17Z
By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function and internal regulatory functions are treated as components. So, for example calmodulin has a protein binding activity that has positive regulatory component activity calcium binding activity. Receptor tyrosine kinase activity is a tyrosine kinase activity that has positive regulatory component 'ligand binding'.
has positive regulatory component activity
dos
2017-05-24T09:36:08Z
A has necessary component activity B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and B is necessary for A. For example, ATPase coupled transporter activity has necessary component ATPase activity; transcript factor activity has necessary component DNA binding activity.
has necessary component activity
dos
2017-05-24T09:44:33Z
A 'has component activity' B if A is A and B are molecular functions (GO_0003674) and A has_component B.
has component activity
w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type.
dos
2017-05-24T09:49:21Z
has component process
A relationship that holds between between a receptor and an chemical entity, typically a small molecule or peptide, that carries information between cells or compartments of a cell and which binds the receptor and regulates its effector function.
dos
2017-07-19T17:30:36Z
has ligand
Holds between p and c when p is a transport process or transporter activity and the outcome of this p is to move c from one location to another.
dos
2017-07-20T17:11:08Z
transports
A relationship between a process and a barrier, where the process occurs in a region spanning the barrier. For cellular processes the barrier is typically a membrane. Examples include transport across a membrane and membrane depolarization.
dos
2017-07-20T17:19:37Z
occurs across
dos
2017-09-17T13:52:24Z
Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2.
directly regulated by
Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2.
GOC:dos
Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1.
dos
2017-09-17T13:52:38Z
directly negatively regulated by
Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1.
GOC:dos
Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1.
dos
2017-09-17T13:52:47Z
directly positively regulated by
Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1.
GOC:dos
A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity.
dos
2017-09-22T14:14:36Z
This relation is designed for constructing compound molecular functions, typically in combination with one or more regulatory component activity relations.
has effector activity
A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity.
GOC:dos
A relationship that holds between two images, A and B, where:
A depicts X;
B depicts Y;
X and Y are both of type T'
C is a 2 layer image consiting of layers A and B;
A and B are aligned in C according to a shared co-ordinate framework so that common features of X and Y are co-incident with each other.
Note: A and B may be 2D or 3D.
Examples include: the relationship between two channels collected simultaneously from a confocal microscope; the relationship between an image dpeicting X and a painted annotation layer that delineates regions of X; the relationship between the tracing of a neuron on an EM stack and the co-ordinate space of the stack; the relationship between two separately collected images that have been brought into register via some image registration software.
2017-12-07T12:58:06Z
in register with
dos
A relationship that holds between two images, A and B, where:
A depicts X;
B depicts Y;
X and Y are both of type T'
C is a 2 layer image consiting of layers A and B;
A and B are aligned in C according to a shared co-ordinate framework so that common features of X and Y are co-incident with each other.
Note: A and B may be 2D or 3D.
Examples include: the relationship between two channels collected simultaneously from a confocal microscope; the relationship between an image dpeicting X and a painted annotation layer that delineates regions of X; the relationship between the tracing of a neuron on an EM stack and the co-ordinate space of the stack; the relationship between two separately collected images that have been brought into register via some image registration software.
GOC:dos
David Osumi-Sutherland
<=
Primitive instance level timing relation between events
before or simultaneous with
David Osumi-Sutherland
t1 simultaneous_with t2 iff:= t1 before_or_simultaneous_with t2 and not (t1 before t2)
simultaneous with
David Osumi-Sutherland
t1 before t2 iff:= t1 before_or_simulataneous_with t2 and not (t1 simultaeous_with t2)
before
David Osumi-Sutherland
Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002122 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range.
during which ends
David Osumi-Sutherland
di
Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002124 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range.
encompasses
David Osumi-Sutherland
X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)
ends after
David Osumi-Sutherland
starts_at_end_of
X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)
immediately preceded by
David Osumi-Sutherland
Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002123 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range.
during which starts
David Osumi-Sutherland
starts before
David Osumi-Sutherland
ends_at_start_of
meets
X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)
immediately precedes
David Osumi-Sutherland
io
X starts_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (start(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y))
starts during
David Osumi-Sutherland
d
during
X happens_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y))
happens during
David Osumi-Sutherland
o
overlaps
X ends_during Y iff: ((start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)) AND end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y).
ends during
Relation between a neuron and an anatomical structure that its soma is part of.
David Osumi-Sutherland
<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some (
<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043025> and <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some ?Y)
has soma location
relationship between a neuron and a neuron projection bundle (e.g.- tract or nerve bundle) that one or more of its projections travels through.
David Osumi-Sutherland
fasciculates with
(forall (?x ?y)
(iff
(fasciculates_with ?x ?y)
(exists (?nps ?npbs)
(and
("neuron ; CL_0000540" ?x)
("neuron projection bundle ; CARO_0001001" ?y)
("neuron projection segment ; CARO_0001502" ?nps)
("neuron projection bundle segment ; CARO_0001500' " ?npbs)
(part_of ?npbs ?y)
(part_of ?nps ?x)
(part_of ?nps ?npbs)
(forall (?npbss)
(if
(and
("neuron projection bundle subsegment ; CARO_0001501" ?npbss)
(part_of ?npbss ?npbs)
)
(overlaps ?nps ?npbss)
))))))
fasciculates with
Relation between a neuron and some structure its axon forms (chemical) synapses in.
Chris Mungall
David Osumi-Sutherland
David Osumi-Sutherland
<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some (
<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0030424> and <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some (
<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042734> and <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some (
<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045202> and <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some ?Y)))
axon synapses in
Relation between an anatomical structure (including cells) and a neuron that chemically synapses to it.
Chris Mungall
David Osumi-Sutherland
<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045211> that part_of some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045202> that has_part some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042734> that <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some Y?)))
synapsed by
Every B cell[CL_0000236] has plasma membrane part some immunoglobulin complex[GO_0019814]
Holds between a cell c and a protein complex or protein p if and only if that cell has as part a plasma_membrane[GO:0005886], and that plasma membrane has p as part.
Alexander Diehl
Chris Mungall
Lindsay Cowell
<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005886> and <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some ?Y)
has plasma membrane part
A relation between a motor neuron and a muscle that it synapses to via a type Ib bouton.
David Osumi-Sutherland
Marta Costa
BFO_0000051 some (GO_0061176 that BFO_0000051 some (that BFO_0000051 some (GO_0045202 that BFO_0000051 some ( that BFO_0000050 some ?Y))))
Expands to: has_part some ('type Ib terminal button' that has_part some ('pre-synaptic membrane' that part_of some ('synapse' that has_part some ('post-synaptic membrane' that part_of some ?Y))))
synapsed_via_type_Ib_bouton_to
A relation between a motor neuron and a muscle that it synapses to via a type Is bouton.
David Osumi-Sutherland
Marta Costa
BFO_0000051 some (GO_0061177 that BFO_0000051 some (that BFO_0000051 some (GO_0045202 that BFO_0000051 some ( that BFO_0000050 some ?Y))))
Expands to: has_part some ('type Is terminal button' that has_part some ('pre-synaptic membrane' that part_of some ('synapse' that has_part some ('post-synaptic membrane' that part_of some ?Y))))
synapsed_via_type_Is_bouton_to
A relation between a motor neuron and a muscle that it synapses to via a type II bouton.
David Osumi-Sutherland
Marta Costa
BFO_0000051 some (GO_0061175 that BFO_0000051 some (that BFO_0000051 some (GO_0045202 that BFO_0000051 some ( that BFO_0000050 some ?Y))))
Expands to: has_part some ('type II terminal button' that has_part some ('pre-synaptic membrane' that part_of some ('synapse' that has_part some ('post-synaptic membrane' that part_of some ?Y))))
synapsed_via_type_II_bouton_to
Relation between a muscle and a motor neuron that synapses to it via a type II bouton.
David Osumi-Sutherland
Marta Costa
BFO_0000051 some (GO_0042734 that BFO_0000050 some (GO_0045202 that BFO_0000051 some (GO_0061174 that BFO_0000051 some GO_0045211 that BFO_0000050 some ?Y)))
Expands to: has_part some ('presynaptic membrane' that part_of some ('synapse' that has_part some ('type II terminal button' that has_part some 'postsynaptic membrane' that part_of some ?Y)))))
synapsed_by_via_type_II_bouton
Relation between a muscle and a motor neuron that synapses to it via a type Ib bouton.
David Osumi-Sutherland
Marta Costa
BFO_0000051 some (GO_0042734 that BFO_0000050 some (GO_0045202 that BFO_0000051 some (GO_0061176 that BFO_0000051 some GO_0045211 that BFO_0000050 some ?Y)))
Expands to: has_part some ('presynaptic membrane' that part_of some ('synapse' that has_part some ('type Ib terminal button' that has_part some 'postsynaptic membrane' that part_of some ?Y)))))
synapsed_by_via_type_Ib_bouton
Relation between a neuron and some structure (e.g.- a brain region) in which it receives (chemical) synaptic input.
Chris Mungall
David Osumi-Sutherland
synapsed in
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (
http://purl.org/obo/owl/GO#GO_0045211 and http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some (
http://purl.org/obo/owl/GO#GO_0045202 and http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y))
has postsynaptic terminal in
has neurotransmitter
releases neurotransmitter
Relation between a muscle and a motor neuron that synapses to it via a type Is bouton.
David Osumi-Sutherland
Marta Costa
BFO_0000051 some (GO_0042734 that BFO_0000050 some (GO_0045202 that BFO_0000051 some (GO_0061177 that BFO_0000051 some GO_0045211 that BFO_0000050 some ?Y)))
Expands to: has_part some ('presynaptic membrane' that part_of some ('synapse' that has_part some ('type Is terminal button' that has_part some 'postsynaptic membrane' that part_of some ?Y)))))
synapsed_by_via_type_Is_bouton
Relation between a neuron and some structure (e.g.- a brain region) in which it receives (chemical) synaptic input.
synapses in
<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042734> that <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045202> that <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some Y?)
has presynaptic terminal in
A relation between a motor neuron and a muscle that it synapses to via a type III bouton.
BFO_0000051 some (GO_0061177 that BFO_0000051 some (that BFO_0000051 some (GO_0097467 that BFO_0000051 some ( that BFO_0000050 some ?Y))))
Expands to: has_part some ('type III terminal button' that has_part some ('pre-synaptic membrane' that part_of some ('synapse' that has_part some ('post-synaptic membrane' that part_of some ?Y))))
synapsed_via_type_III_bouton_to
Relation between a muscle and a motor neuron that synapses to it via a type III bouton.
BFO_0000051 some (GO_0042734 that BFO_0000050 some (GO_0045202 that BFO_0000051 some (GO_0097467 that BFO_0000051 some GO_0045211 that BFO_0000050 some ?Y)))
Expands to: has_part some ('presynaptic membrane' that part_of some ('synapse' that has_part some ('type III terminal button' that has_part some 'postsynaptic membrane' that part_of some ?Y)))))
synapsed_by_via_type_III_bouton
Relation between a neuron and an anatomical structure (including cells) that it chemically synapses to.
Chris Mungall
David Osumi-Sutherland
<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042734> that part_of some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045202> that <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045211> that <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some Y?)))
N1 synapsed_to some N2
Expands to:
N1 SubclassOf (
has_part some (
‘pre-synaptic membrane ; GO:0042734’ that part_of some (
‘synapse ; GO:0045202’ that has_part some (
‘post-synaptic membrane ; GO:0045211’ that part_of some N2))))
synapsed to
Relation between a neuron and some structure (e.g.- a brain region) in which its dendrite receives synaptic input.
Chris Mungall
David Osumi-Sutherland
<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some (
<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0030425> and <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some (
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042734 and <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some (
<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045202> and <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some ?Y)))
dendrite synapsed in
A general relation between a neuron and some structure in which it either chemically synapses to some target or in which it receives (chemical) synaptic input.
David Osumi-Sutherland
has synapse in
<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002131> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045202> that <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some Y?)
has synaptic terminal in
x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y)
overlaps
true
The relation between a neuron projection bundle and a neuron projection that is fasciculated with it.
David Osumi-Sutherland
has fasciculating component
(forall (?x ?y)
(iff
(has_fasciculating_neuron_projection ?x ?y)
(exists (?nps ?npbs)
(and
("neuron projection bundle ; CARO_0001001" ?x)
("neuron projection ; GO0043005" ?y)
("neuron projection segment ; CARO_0001502" ?nps)
("neuron projection bundle segment ; CARO_0001500" ?npbs)
(part_of ?nps ?y)
(part_of ?npbs ?x)
(part_of ?nps ?npbs)
(forall (?npbss)
(if
(and
("neuron projection bundle subsegment ; CARO_0001501" ?npbss)
(part_of ?npbss ?npbs)
)
(overlaps ?nps ?npbss)
))))))
has fasciculating neuron projection
Relation between a 'neuron projection bundle' and a region in which one or more of its component neuron projections either synapses to targets or receives synaptic input.
T innervates some R
Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R.
David Osumi-Sutherland
<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002132> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043005> that (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002131> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045202> that <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some Y?)))
innervates
X continuous_with Y if and only if X and Y share a fiat boundary.
David Osumi-Sutherland
connected to
The label for this relation was previously connected to. I relabeled this to "continuous with". The standard notion of connectedness does not imply shared boundaries - e.g. Glasgow connected_to Edinburgh via M8; my patella connected_to my femur (via patellar-femoral joint)
continuous with
FMA:85972
x partially overlaps y iff there exists some z such that z is part of x and z is part of y, and it is also the case that neither x is part of y or y is part of x
We would like to include disjointness axioms with part_of and has_part, however this is not possible in OWL2 as these are non-simple properties and hence cannot appear in a disjointness axiom
proper overlaps
(forall (?x ?y)
(iff
(proper_overlaps ?x ?y)
(and
(overlaps ?x ?y)
(not (part_of ?x ?y))
(not (part_of ?y ?x)))))
partially overlaps
d derived_by_descent_from a if d is specified by some genetic program that is sequence-inherited-from a genetic program that specifies a.
ancestral_stucture_of
evolutionarily_descended_from
derived by descent from
inverse of derived by descent from
has derived by descendant
two individual entities d1 and d2 stand in a shares_ancestor_with relation if and only if there exists some a such that d1 derived_by_descent_from a and d2 derived_by_descent_from a.
Consider obsoleting and merging with child relation, 'in homology relationship with'
VBO calls this homologous_to
shares ancestor with
serially homologous to
lactation SubClassOf 'only in taxon' some 'Mammalia'
x only in taxon y if and only if x is in taxon y, and there is no other organism z such that y!=z a and x is in taxon z.
The original intent was to treat this as a macro that expands to 'in taxon' only ?Y - however, this is not necessary if we instead have supplemental axioms that state that each pair of sibling tax have a disjointness axiom using the 'in taxon' property - e.g.
'in taxon' some Eukaryota DisjointWith 'in taxon' some Eubacteria
Chris Mungall
only in taxon
x is in taxon y if an only if y is an organism, and the relationship between x and y is one of: part of (reflexive), developmentally preceded by, derives from, secreted by, expressed.
Chris Mungall
Jennifer Deegan
Connects a biological entity to its taxon of origin.
in taxon
A is spatially_disjoint_from B if and only if they have no parts in common
There are two ways to encode this as a shortcut relation. The other possibility to use an annotation assertion between two classes, and expand this to a disjointness axiom.
Chris Mungall
Note that it would be possible to use the relation to label the relationship between a near infinite number of structures - between the rings of saturn and my left earlobe. The intent is that this is used for parsiomoniously for disambiguation purposes - for example, between siblings in a jointly exhaustive pairwise disjointness hierarchy
BFO_0000051 exactly 0 (BFO_0000050 some ?Y)
spatially disjoint from
https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Part-disjointness-Design-Pattern
a 'toe distal phalanx bone' that is connected to a 'toe medial phalanx bone' (an interphalangeal joint *connects* these two bones).
a is connected to b if and only if a and b are discrete structure, and there exists some connecting structure c, such that c connects a and b
connected to
https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Connectivity-Design-Pattern
https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-articulations-Design-Pattern
The M8 connects Glasgow and Edinburgh
a 'toe distal phalanx bone' that is connected to a 'toe medial phalanx bone' (an interphalangeal joint *connects* these two bones).
c connects a if and only if there exist some b such that a and b are similar parts of the same system, and c connects b, specifically, c connects a with b. When one structure connects two others it unites some aspect of the function or role they play within the system.
connects
https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Connectivity-Design-Pattern
https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-articulations-Design-Pattern
a is attached to part of b if a is attached to b, or a is attached to some p, where p is part of b.
attached to part of
true
Relation between an arterial structure and another structure, where the arterial structure acts as a conduit channeling fluid, substance or energy.
Individual ontologies should provide their own constraints on this abstract relation. For example, in the realm of anatomy this should hold between an artery and an anatomical structure
supplies
Relation between an collecting structure and another structure, where the collecting structure acts as a conduit channeling fluid, substance or energy away from the other structure.
Individual ontologies should provide their own constraints on this abstract relation. For example, in the realm of anatomy this should hold between a vein and an anatomical structure
drains
w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type.
The definition of 'has component' is still under discussion. The challenge is in providing a definition that does not imply transitivity.
For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint, because OWL does not permit cardinality constraints to be used in combination with transitive object properties. In situations where you would want to say something like 'has part exactly 5 digit, you would instead use has_component exactly 5 digit.
has component
A relationship that holds between a biological entity and a phenotype. Here a phenotype is construed broadly as any kind of quality of an organism part, a collection of these qualities, or a change in quality or qualities (e.g. abnormally increased temperature). The subject of this relationship can be an organism (where the organism has the phenotype, i.e. the qualities inhere in parts of this organism), a genomic entity such as a gene or genotype (if modifications of the gene or the genotype causes the phenotype), or a condition such as a disease (such that if the condition inheres in an organism, then the organism has the phenotype).
Chris Mungall
has phenotype
inverse of has phenotype
Chris Mungall
phenotype of
x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y
Chris Mungall
David Osumi-Sutherland
Melissa Haendel
Terry Meehan
This is the transitive form of the develops from relation
develops from
inverse of develops from
Chris Mungall
David Osumi-Sutherland
Terry Meehan
develops into
definition "x has gene product of y if and only if y is a gene (SO:0000704) that participates in some gene expression process (GO:0010467) where the output of that process is either y or something that is ribosomally translated from x"
We would like to be able to express the rule: if t transcribed from g, and t is a noncoding RNA and has an evolved function, then t has gene product g.
Chris Mungall
gene product of
every HOTAIR lncRNA is the gene product of some HOXC gene
every sonic hedgehog protein (PR:000014841) is the gene product of some sonic hedgehog gene
x has gene product y if and only if x is a gene (SO:0000704) that participates in some gene expression process (GO:0010467) where the output of that process is either y or something that is ribosomally translated from y
Chris Mungall
has gene product
'neural crest cell' SubClassOf expresses some 'Wnt1 gene'
x expressed in y if and only if there is a gene expression process (GO:0010467) that occurs in y, and one of the following holds: (i) x is a gene, and x is transcribed into a transcript as part of the gene expression process (ii) x is a transcript, and the transcription of x is part of the gene expression process (iii) x is a mature gene product such as a protein, and x was translated or otherwise processes from a transcript that was transcribed as part of this gene expression process
Chris Mungall
expressed in
Candidate definition: x directly_develops from y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p, and a substantial portion of the matter of y comes from x, and the start of x is coincident with or after the end of y
Chris Mungall
David Osumi-Sutherland
has developmental precursor
FBbt
TODO - add child relations from DOS
directly develops from
A parasite that kills or sterilizes its host
parasitoid of
inverse of parasitoid of
has parasitoid
inverse of directly develops from
developmental precursor of
directly develops into
process(P1) regulates process(P2) iff: P1 results in the initiation or termination of P2 OR affects the frequency of its initiation or termination OR affects the magnitude or rate of output of P2.
We use 'regulates' here to specifically imply control. However, many colloquial usages of the term correctly correspond to the weaker relation of 'causally upstream of or within' (aka influences). Consider relabeling to make things more explicit
Chris Mungall
David Hill
Tanya Berardini
GO
Regulation precludes parthood; the regulatory process may not be within the regulated process.
regulates (processual)
false
regulates
Process(P1) negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 terminates P2, or P1 descreases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2.
Chris Mungall
negatively regulates (process to process)
negatively regulates
Process(P1) postively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 initiates P2, or P1 increases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2.
Chris Mungall
positively regulates (process to process)
positively regulates
'human p53 protein' SubClassOf some ('has prototype' some ('participates in' some 'DNA repair'))
heart SubClassOf 'has prototype' some ('participates in' some 'blood circulation')
x has prototype y if and only if x is an instance of C and y is a prototypical instance of C. For example, every instance of heart, both normal and abnormal is related by the has prototype relation to some instance of a "canonical" heart, which participates in blood circulation.
Experimental. In future there may be a formalization in which this relation is treated as a shortcut to some modal logic axiom. We may decide to obsolete this and adopt a more specific evolutionary relationship (e.g. evolved from)
This property can be used to make weaker forms of certain relations by chaining an additional property. For example, we may say: retina SubClassOf has_prototype some 'detection of light'. i.e. every retina is related to a prototypical retina instance which is detecting some light. Note that this is very similar to 'capable of', but this relation affords a wider flexibility. E.g. we can make a relation between continuants.
Chris Mungall
has prototype
mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974)
osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption'
A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process.
Chris Mungall
has function realized in
For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)".
RO_0000053 some (RO_0000054 only ?Y)
capable of
c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p.
Chris Mungall
has function in
RO_0000053 some (RO_0000054 only (BFO_0000050 some ?Y))
capable of part of
true
x actively participates in y if and only if x participates in y and x realizes some active role
Chris Mungall
agent in
actively participates in
'heart development' has active participant some Shh protein
x has participant y if and only if x realizes some active role that inheres in y
This may be obsoleted and replaced by the original 'has agent' relation
Chris Mungall
has agent
has active participant
x surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x
Chris Mungall
surrounded by
A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts.
The epidermis layer of a vertebrate is adjacent to the dermis.
The plasma membrane of a cell is adjacent to the cytoplasm, and also to the cell lumen which the cytoplasm occupies.
The skin of the forelimb is adjacent to the skin of the torso if these are considered anatomical subdivisions with a defined border. Otherwise a relation such as continuous_with would be used.
x adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary.
This relation acts as a join point with BSPO
Chris Mungall
adjacent to
A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts.
inverse of surrounded by
Chris Mungall
surrounds
Chris Mungall
Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends.
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1
A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations.
temporally related to
inverse of starts with
Chris Mungall
Allen
starts
Every insulin receptor signaling pathway starts with the binding of a ligand to the insulin receptor
x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
Chris Mungall
started by
starts with
x develops from part of y if and only if there exists some z such that x develops from z and z is part of y
Chris Mungall
develops from part of
x develops_in y if x is located in y whilst x is developing
Chris Mungall
EHDAA2
Jonathan Bard, EHDAA2
develops in
A sub-relation of parasite-of in which the parasite that cannot complete its life cycle without a host.
obligate parasite of
A sub-relations of parasite-of in which the parasite that can complete its life cycle independent of a host.
facultative parasite of
inverse of ends with
Chris Mungall
ends
x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
Chris Mungall
finished by
ends with
x 'has starts location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'starts with' z and z 'occurs in' y
Chris Mungall
starts with process that occurs in
has start location
x 'has end location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'ends with' z and z 'occurs in' y
Chris Mungall
ends with process that occurs in
has end location
p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p.
Chris Mungall
consumes
has input
p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present at the beginning of p.
Chris Mungall
produces
has output
A parasite-of relationship in which the host is a plant and the parasite that attaches to the host stem (PO:0009047)
stem parasite of
A parasite-of relationship in which the host is a plant and the parasite that attaches to the host root (PO:0009005)
root parasite of
A sub-relation of parasite-of in which the parasite is a plant, and the parasite is parasitic under natural conditions and is also photosynthetic to some degree. Hemiparasites may just obtain water and mineral nutrients from the host plant. Many obtain at least part of their organic nutrients from the host as well.
hemiparasite of
A broad relationship between an exposure event or process and any entity (e.g., an organism, organism population, or an organism part) that interacts with an exposure stimulus during the exposure event.
ExO:0000001
has exposure receptor
A broad relationship between an exposure event or process and any agent, stimulus, activity, or event that causes stress or tension on an organism and interacts with an exposure receptor during an exposure event.
ExO:0000000
has exposure stressor
A broad relationship between an exposure event or process and a process by which the exposure stressor comes into contact with the exposure receptor
ExO:0000055
has exposure route
A broad relationship between an exposure event or process and the course takes from the source to the target.
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ExO_0000004
has exposure transport path
Any relationship between an exposure event or process and any other entity.
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving exposure events or processes.
related via exposure to
g is over-expressed in t iff g is expressed in t, and the expression level of g is increased relative to some background.
over-expressed in
g is under-expressed in t iff g is expressed in t, and the expression level of g is decreased relative to some background.
under-expressed in
Any portion of roundup 'has active ingredient' some glyphosate
A relationship that holds between a substance and a chemical entity, if the chemical entity is part of the substance, and the chemical entity forms the biologically active component of the substance.
has active substance
has active pharmaceutical ingredient
has active ingredient
inverse of has active ingredient
active ingredient in'
b connecting-branch-of s iff b is connected to s, and there exists some tree-like structure t such that the mereological sum of b plus s is either the same as t or a branching-part-of t.
connecting branch of
inverse of connecting branch of
has connecting branch
Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 3; Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 4 [Kardong]
x has developmental contribution from y iff x has some part z such that z develops from y
Chris Mungall
has developmental contribution from
inverse of has developmental contribution from
Chris Mungall
developmentally contributes to
t1 induced_by t2 if there is a process of developmental induction (GO:0031128) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor anatomical structure type T to T', where T' develops_from T
Chris Mungall
David Osumi-Sutherland
Melissa Haendel
induced by
Developmental Biology, Gilbert, 8th edition, figure 6.5(F)
GO:0001759
We place this under 'developmentally preceded by'. This placement should be examined in the context of reciprocal inductions[cjm]
developmentally induced by
Inverse of developmentally induced by
Chris Mungall
developmentally induces
Candidate definition: x developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p
false
Chris Mungall
In general you should not use this relation to make assertions - use one of the more specific relations below this one
This relation groups together various other developmental relations. It is fairly generic, encompassing induction, developmental contribution and direct and transitive develops from
developmentally preceded by
c has-biological-role r iff c has-role r and r is a biological role (CHEBI:24432)
has biological role
c has-application-role r iff c has-role r and r is an application role (CHEBI:33232)
has application role
c has-chemical-role r iff c has-role r and r is a chemical role (CHEBI:51086)
has chemical role
A faulty traffic light (material entity) whose malfunctioning (a process) is causally upstream of a traffic collision (a process): the traffic light acts upstream of the collision.
c involved in regulation of p if c enables f and f causally upstream of p
acts upstream of
A gene product that has some activity, where that activity may be a part of a pathway or upstream of the pathway.
c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process.
affects
acts upstream of or within
x developmentally replaces y if and only if there is some developmental process that causes x to move or to cease to exist, and for the site that was occupied by x to become occupied by y, where y either comes into existence in this site or moves to this site from somewhere else
This relation is intended for cases such as when we have a bone element replacing its cartilage element precursor. Currently most AOs represent this using 'develops from'. We need to decide whether 'develops from' will be generic and encompass replacement, or whether we need a new name for a generic relation that encompasses replacement and development-via-cell-lineage
Chris Mungall
replaces
developmentally replaces
Inverse of developmentally preceded by
Chris Mungall
developmentally succeeded by
'hypopharyngeal eminence' SubClassOf 'part of precursor of' some tongue
Chris Mungall
part of developmental precursor of
x is ubiquitously expressed in y if and only if x is expressed in y, and the majority of cells in y express x
Revisit this term after coordinating with SO/SOM. The domain of this relation should be a sequence, as an instance of a DNA molecule is only expressed in the cell of which it is a part.
Chris Mungall
ubiquitously expressed in
Inverse of 'expressed in'
Chris Mungall
expresses
inverse of ubiquiotously expressed in
Chris Mungall
ubiquitously expresses
p results in the developmental progression of s iff p is a developmental process and s is an anatomical structure and p causes s to undergo a change in state at some point along its natural developmental cycle (this cycle starts with its formation, through the mature structure, and ends with its loss).
This property and its subproperties are being used primarily for the definition of GO developmental processes. The property hierarchy mirrors the core GO hierarchy. In future we may be able to make do with a more minimal set of properties, but due to the way GO is currently structured we require highly specific relations to avoid incorrect entailments. To avoid this, the corresponding genus terms in GO should be declared mutually disjoint.
Chris Mungall
results_in_developmental_progression_of
results in developmental progression of
every flower development (GO:0009908) results in development of some flower (PO:0009046)
p 'results in development of' c if and only if p is a developmental process and p results in the state of c changing from its initial state as a primordium or anlage through its mature state and to its final state.
Chris Mungall
http://www.geneontology.org/GO.doc.development.shtml
results_in_development_of
results in development of
an annotation of gene X to anatomical structure formation with results_in_formation_of UBERON:0000007 (pituitary gland) means that at the beginning of the process a pituitary gland does not exist and at the end of the process a pituitary gland exists.
every "endocardial cushion formation" (GO:0003272) results_in_formation_of some "endocardial cushion" (UBERON:0002062)
Chris Mungall
GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013
results_in_formation_of
results in formation of
an annotation of gene X to cell morphogenesis with results_in_morphogenesis_of CL:0000540 (neuron) means that at the end of the process an input neuron has attained its shape.
tongue morphogenesis (GO:0043587) results in morphogenesis of tongue (UBERON:0001723)
The relationship that links an entity with the process that results in the formation and shaping of that entity over time from an immature to a mature state.
Chris Mungall
GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013
results_in_morphogenesis_of
results in morphogenesis of
an annotation of gene X to cell maturation with results_in_maturation_of CL:0000057 (fibroblast) means that the fibroblast is mature at the end of the process
bone maturation (GO:0070977) results_in_maturation_of bone (UBERON:0001474)
The relationship that links an entity with a process that results in the progression of the entity over time that is independent of changes in it's shape and results in an end point state of that entity.
Chris Mungall
GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013
results_in_maturation_of
results in maturation of
foramen ovale closure SubClassOf results in disappearance of foramen ovale
Chris Mungall
May be merged into parent relation
results_in_disappearance_of
results in disappearance of
every mullerian duct regression (GO:0001880) results in regression of some mullerian duct (UBERON:0003890)
Chris Mungall
May be merged into parent relation
results in developmental regression of
Inverse of 'is substance that treats'
cjm
is treated by substance
Hydrozoa (NCBITaxon_6074) SubClassOf 'has habitat' some 'Hydrozoa habitat'
where
'Hydrozoa habitat' SubClassOf overlaps some ('marine environment' (ENVO_00000569) and 'freshwater environment' (ENVO_01000306) and 'wetland' (ENVO_00000043)) and 'has part' some (freshwater (ENVO_00002011) or 'sea water' (ENVO_00002149)) -- http://eol.org/pages/1795/overview
x 'has habitat' y if and only if: x is an organism, y is a habitat, and y can sustain and allow the growth of a population of xs.
Pier Buttigieg
adapted for living in
A population of xs will possess adaptations (either evolved naturally or via artifical selection) which permit it to exist and grow in y.
has habitat
cjm
holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x increases the frequency, rate or extent of y
causally upstream of, positive effect
cjm
holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x decreases the frequency, rate or extent of y
causally upstream of, negative effect
A relationship between an exposure event or process and any agent, stimulus, activity, or event that causally effects an organism and interacts with an exposure receptor during an exposure event.
Austin Meier
Chris Mungall
Marie Angelique Laporte
cjm
2017-06-05T17:35:04Z
has exposure stimulus
Chris Mungall
evolutionary variant of
Holds between p and c when p is a localization process (localization covers maintenance of localization as well as its establishment) and the outcome of this process is to regulate the localization of c.
Chris Mungall
regulates localization of
transports or maintains localization of
q inheres in part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w.
Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of inheres in part of
Chris Mungall
inheres in part of
true
an annotation of gene X to cell differentiation with results_in_maturation_of CL:0000057 (fibroblast) means that at the end of the process the input cell that did not have features of a fibroblast, now has the features of a fibroblast.
The relationship that links a specified entity with the process that results in an unspecified entity acquiring the features and characteristics of the specified entity
Chris Mungall
GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013
results_in_acquisition_of_features_of
results in acquisition of features of
A relationship that holds via some environmental process
Chris Mungall
Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving the process of evolution.
evolutionarily related to
A relationship that is mediated in some way by the environment or environmental feature (ENVO:00002297)
Chris Mungall
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving ecological interactions
ecologically related to
An experimental relation currently used to connect a feature possessed by an organism (e.g. anatomical structure, biological process, phenotype or quality) to a habitat or environment in which that feature is well suited, adapted or provides a reproductive advantage for the organism. For example, fins to an aquatic environment. Usually this will mean that the structure is adapted for this environment, but we avoid saying this directly - primitive forms of the structure may not have evolved specifically for that environment (for example, early wings were not necessarily adapted for an aerial environment). Note also that this is a statement about the general class of structures - not every instance of a limb need confer an advantage for a terrestrial environment, e.g. if the limb is vestigial.
Chris Mungall
adapted for
confers advantage in
A mereological relationship or a topological relationship
Chris Mungall
Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships
mereotopologically related to
A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502)
Chris Mungall
Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving organismal development
developmentally related to
Clp1p relocalizes from the nucleolus to the spindle and site of cell division; i.e. it is associated transiently with the spindle pole body and the contractile ring (evidence from GFP fusion). Clp1p colocalizes_with spindle pole body (GO:0005816) and contractile ring (GO:0005826)
a colocalizes_with b if and only if a is transiently or peripherally associated with b[GO].
Chris Mungall
http://www.geneontology.org/GO.annotation.conventions.shtml#colocalizes_with
In the context of the Gene Ontology, colocalizes_with may be used for annotating to cellular component terms[GO]
Gene Ontology Consortium
colocalizes with
ATP citrate lyase (ACL) in Arabidopsis: it is a heterooctamer, composed of two types of subunits, ACLA and ACLB in a A(4)B(4) stoichiometry. Neither of the subunits expressed alone give ACL activity, but co-expression results in ACL activity. Both subunits contribute_to the ATP citrate lyase activity.
Subunits of nuclear RNA polymerases: none of the individual subunits have RNA polymerase activity, yet all of these subunits contribute_to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity.
eIF2: has three subunits (alpha, beta, gamma); one binds GTP; one binds RNA; the whole complex binds the ribosome (all three subunits are required for ribosome binding). So one subunit is annotated to GTP binding and one to RNA binding without qualifiers, and all three stand in the contributes_to relationship to "ribosome binding". And all three are part_of an eIF2 complex
We would like to say
if and only if
exists c', p'
c part_of c' and c' capable_of p
and
c capable_of p' and p' part_of p
then
c contributes_to p
However, this is not possible in OWL. We instead make this relation a sub-relation of the two chains, which gives us the inference in the one direction.
Chris Mungall
http://www.geneontology.org/GO.annotation.conventions.shtml#contributes_to
In the context of the Gene Ontology, contributes_to may be used only with classes from the molecular function ontology.
contributes to
a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity
Chris Mungall
catalyzes
executes
has
is catalyzing
is executing
This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized.
This relation is currently used experimentally by the Gene Ontology Consortium. It may not be stable and may be obsoleted at some future time.
enables
Chris Mungall
This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function
functionally related to
this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p.
Chris Mungall
false
part of structure that is capable of
true
holds between two entities when some genome-level process such as gene expression is involved. This includes transcriptional, spliceosomal events. These relations can be used between either macromolecule entities (such as regions of nucleic acid) or between their abstract informational counterparts.
Chris Mungall
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving the genome of an organism
genomically related to
c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p
Chris Mungall
actively involved in
enables part of
involved in
every cellular sphingolipid homeostasis process regulates_level_of some sphingolipid
p regulates levels of c if p regulates some amount (PATO:0000070) of c
Chris Mungall
regulates levels of (process to entity)
regulates levels of
inverse of enables
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enabled by
inverse of regulates
Chris Mungall
regulated by (processual)
regulated by
inverse of negatively regulates
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negatively regulated by
inverse of positively regulates
Chris Mungall
positively regulated by
A relationship that holds via some process of localization
Chris Mungall
related via localization to
This relationship holds between p and l when p is a transport or localization process in which the outcome is to move some cargo c from some initial location l to some destination.
Chris Mungall
has target start location
This relationship holds between p and l when p is a transport or localization process in which the outcome is to move some cargo c from a an initial location to some destination l.
Chris Mungall
has target end location
Holds between p and c when p is a transportation or localization process and the outcome of this process is to move c to a destination that is part of some s, where the start location of c is part of the region that surrounds s.
Chris Mungall
imports
Holds between p and l when p is a transportation or localization process and the outcome of this process is to move c from one location to another, and the route taken by c follows a path that is aligned_with l
Chris Mungall
results in transport along
Holds between p and m when p is a transportation or localization process and the outcome of this process is to move c from one location to another, and the route taken by c follows a path that crosses m.
Chris Mungall
results in transport across
'pollen tube growth' results_in growth_of some 'pollen tube'
Chris Mungall
results in growth of
'mitochondrial transport' results_in_transport_to_from_or_in some mitochondrion (GO:0005739)
Chris Mungall
results in transport to from or in
Chris Mungall
exports
an annotation of gene X to cell commitment with results_in_commitment_to CL:0000540 (neuron) means that at the end of the process an unspecified cell has been specified and determined to develop into a neuron.
p 'results in commitment to' c if and only if p is a developmental process and c is a cell and p results in the state of c changing such that is can only develop into a single cell type.
Chris Mungall
http://www.geneontology.org/GO.doc.development.shtml#fate
results in commitment to
p 'results in determination of' c if and only if p is a developmental process and c is a cell and p results in the state of c changing to be determined. Once a cell becomes determined, it becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment.
Chris Mungall
http://www.geneontology.org/GO.doc.development.shtml#fate
results in determination of
An organism that is a member of a population of organisms
is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection.
is member of
member part of
SIO
member of
has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item.
SIO
has member
inverse of has input
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input of
inverse of has output
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output of
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formed as result of
A relationship between a process and an anatomical entity such that the process contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the anatomical entity.
Chris Mungall
results in structural organization of
The relationship linking a cell and its participation in a process that results in the fate of the cell being specified. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.
Chris Mungall
http://www.geneontology.org/GO.doc.development.shtml#fate
results in specification of
p results in developmental induction of c if and only if p is a collection of cell-cell signaling processes that signal to a neighbouring tissue that is the precursor of the mature c, where the signaling results in the commitment to cell types necessary for the formation of c.
Chris Mungall
results in developmental induction of
Chris Mungall
http://neurolex.org/wiki/Property:DendriteLocation
has dendrite location
a is attached to b if and only if a and b are discrete objects or object parts, and there are physical connections between a and b such that a force pulling a will move b, or a force pulling b will move a
Chris Mungall
attached to
m has_muscle_origin s iff m is attached_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s does not move. The site of the origin tends to be more proximal and have greater mass than what the other end attaches to.
Chris Mungall
Wikipedia:Insertion_(anatomy)
has muscle origin
m has_muscle_insertion s iff m is attaches_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s moves. Insertions are usually connections of muscle via tendon to bone.
Chris Mungall
Wikipedia:Insertion_(anatomy)
has muscle insertion
false
x has_fused_element y iff: there exists some z : x has_part z, z homologous_to y, and y is a distinct element, the boundary between x and z is largely fiat
Chris Mungall
Chris Mungall
A has_fused_element B does not imply that A has_part some B: rather than A has_part some B', where B' that has some evolutionary relationship to B.
has fused element
A relationship that holds between two material entities in a system of connected structures, where the branching relationship holds based on properties of the connecting network.
Chris Mungall
Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving branching relationships
This relation can be used for geographic features (e.g. rivers) as well as anatomical structures (plant branches and roots, leaf veins, animal veins, arteries, nerves)
in branching relationship with
https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/170
Deschutes River tributary_of Columbia River
inferior epigastric vein tributary_of external iliac vein
x tributary_of y if and only if x a channel for the flow of a substance into y, where y is larger than x. If x and y are hydrographic features, then y is the main stem of a river, or a lake or bay, but not the sea or ocean. If x and y are anatomical, then y is a vein.
Chris Mungall
drains into
drains to
tributary channel of
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributary
http://www.medindia.net/glossary/venous_tributary.htm
This relation can be used for geographic features (e.g. rivers) as well as anatomical structures (veins, arteries)
tributary of
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributary
Deschutes River distributary_of Little Lava Lake
x distributary_of y if and only if x is capable of channeling the flow of a substance to y, where y channels less of the substance than x
Chris Mungall
branch of
distributary channel of
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributary
This is both a mereotopological relationship and a relationship defined in connection to processes. It concerns both the connecting structure, and how this structure is disposed to causally affect flow processes
distributary of
x anabranch_of y if x is a distributary of y (i.e. it channels a from a larger flow from y) and x ultimately channels the flow back into y.
Chris Mungall
anastomoses with
anabranch of
A lump of clay and a statue
x spatially_coextensive_with y if and inly if x and y have the same location
Chris Mungall
This relation is added for formal completeness. It is unlikely to be used in many practical scenarios
spatially coextensive with
x is a branching part of y if and only if x is part of y and x is connected directly or indirectly to the main stem of y
Chris Mungall
branching part of
FMA:85994
x main_stem_of y if y is a branching structure and x is a channel that traces a linear path through y, such that x has higher capacity than any other such path.
Chris Mungall
main stem of
x proper_distributary_of y iff x distributary_of y and x does not flow back into y
Chris Mungall
proper distributary of
x proper_tributary_of y iff x tributary_of y and x does not originate from y
Chris Mungall
proper tributary of
x has developmental potential involving y iff x is capable of a developmental process with output y. y may be the successor of x, or may be a different structure in the vicinity (as for example in the case of developmental induction).
Chris Mungall
has developmental potential involving
x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y
Chris Mungall
has potential to developmentally contribute to
x has potential to developmentally induce y iff x developmentally induces y or x is capable of developmentally inducing y
Chris Mungall
has potential to developmentally induce
x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y
Chris Mungall
has potential to develop into
x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y
Chris Mungall
has potential to directly develop into
'protein catabolic process' SubClassOf has_direct_input some protein
p has direct input c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p.
Chris Mungall
directly consumes
This is likely to be obsoleted. A candidate replacement would be a new relation 'has bound input' or 'has substrate'
has direct input
Chris Mungall
Likely to be obsoleted. See:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1QMhs9J-P_q3o_rDh-IX4ZEnz0PnXrzLRVkI3vvz8NEQ/edit
obsolete has indirect input
true
translation SubClassOf has_direct_output some protein
p has direct input c iff c is a participanti n p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present at the beginning of c.
Chris Mungall
directly produces
obsolete has direct output
true
Chris Mungall
Likely to be obsoleted. See:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1QMhs9J-P_q3o_rDh-IX4ZEnz0PnXrzLRVkI3vvz8NEQ/edit
obsolete has indirect output
true
inverse of upstream of
Chris Mungall
causally downstream of
Chris Mungall
immediately causally downstream of
p directly activates q if and only if p is immediately upstream of q and p is the realization of a function to increase the rate or activity of q
Chris Mungall
directly positively regulates
directly activates (process to process)
directly activates
p directly activates q if and only if p is immediately upstream of q and p is the realization of a function to increase the rate or activity of q
Chris Mungall
indirectly positively regulates
indirectly activates
Chris Mungall
directly negatively regulates
directly inhibits (process to process)
directly inhibits
Chris Mungall
indirectly negatively regulates
indirectly inhibits
This relation groups causal relations between material entities and causal relations between processes
This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents.
To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives:
* Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate?
* Is the causal relation regulatory?
* Is the influence positive or negative
The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified.
For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule.
For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral.
Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types.
Chris Mungall
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.
causally related to
p is causally upstream of q if and only if p precedes q and p and q are linked in a causal chain
Chris Mungall
causally upstream of
p is immediately causally upstream of q iff both (a) p immediately precedes q and (b) p is causally upstream of q. In addition, the output of p must be an input of q.
Chris Mungall
immediately causally upstream of
p1 directly provides input for p2 iff there exists some c such that p1 has_output c and p2 has_input c
This is currently called 'directly provides input for' to be consistent with our terminology where we use 'direct' whenever two occurrents succeed one another directly. We may relabel this simply 'provides input for', as directness is implicit
Chris Mungall
directly provides input for (process to process)
directly provides input for
transitive form of directly_provides_input_for
Chris Mungall
This is a grouping relation that should probably not be used in annotation. Consider instead the child relation 'directly provides input for' (which may later be relabeled simply to 'provides input for')
transitively provides input for (process to process)
transitively provides input for
p 'causally upstream or within' q iff (1) the end of p is before the end of q and (2) the execution of p exerts some causal influence over the outputs of q; i.e. if p was abolished or the outputs of p were to be modified, this would necessarily affect q.
We would like to make this disjoint with 'preceded by', but this is prohibited in OWL2
Chris Mungall
influences (processual)
affects
causally upstream of or within
false
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This is an exploratory relation
differs in
https://code.google.com/p/phenotype-ontologies/w/edit/PhenotypeModelCompetencyQuestions
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differs in attribute of
Chris Mungall
differs in attribute
inverse of causally upstream of or within
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causally downstream of or within
c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p
Chris Mungall
involved in regulation of
Chris Mungall
involved in positive regulation of
Chris Mungall
involved in negative regulation of
c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p
Chris Mungall
involved in or reguates
involved in or involved in regulation of
A protein that enables activity in a cytosol.
c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure.
Chris Mungall
executes activity in
enables activity in
is active in
true
c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure.
GOC:cjm
GOC:dos
p contributes to morphology of w if and only if a change in the morphology of p entails a change in the morphology of w. Examples: every skull contributes to morphology of the head which it is a part of. Counter-example: nuclei do not generally contribute to the morphology of the cell they are part of, as they are buffered by cytoplasm.
Chris Mungall
contributes to morphology of
A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected.
Considering relabeling as 'pairwise interacts with'
This relation and all sub-relations can be applied to either (1) pairs of entities that are interacting at any moment of time (2) populations or species of entity whose members have the disposition to interact (3) classes whose members have the disposition to interact.
Chris Mungall
Note that this relationship type, and sub-relationship types may be redundant with process terms from other ontologies. For example, the symbiotic relationship hierarchy parallels GO. The relations are provided as a convenient shortcut. Consider using the more expressive processual form to capture your data. In the future, these relations will be linked to their cognate processes through rules.
in pairwise interaction with
interacts with
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0914
https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/InteractionRelations
An interaction that holds between two genetic entities (genes, alleles) through some genetic interaction (e.g. epistasis)
Chris Mungall
genetically interacts with
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0208
An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other.
Chris Mungall
binds
molecularly binds with
molecularly interacts with
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0915
An interaction relationship in which at least one of the partners is an organism and the other is either an organism or an abiotic entity with which the organism interacts.
Chris Mungall
interacts with on organism level
biotically interacts with
http://eol.org/schema/terms/interactsWith
An interaction relationship in which the partners are related via a feeding relationship.
Chris Mungall
trophically interacts with
A wasp killing a Monarch larva in order to feed to offspring [http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/2942824]
Baleen whale preys on krill
An interaction relationship involving a predation process, where the subject kills the target in order to eat it or to feed to siblings, offspring or group members
Chris Mungall
Jorrit Poelen
Katja Shulz
is subject of predation interaction with
preys upon
preys on
http://eol.org/schema/terms/preysUpon
http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/2942824
A biotic interaction in which the two organisms live together in more or less intimate association.
Chris Mungall
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19278549
We follow GO and PAMGO in using 'symbiosis' as the broad term encompassing mutualism through parasitism
symbiotically interacts with
An interaction relationship between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association in a relationship in which one benefits and the other is unaffected (GO).
Chris Mungall
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19278549
commensually interacts with
An interaction relationship between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association in a relationship in which both organisms benefit from each other (GO).
Chris Mungall
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19278549
mutualistically interacts with
An interaction relationship between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association in a relationship in which association is disadvantageous or destructive to one of the organisms (GO).
Chris Mungall
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19278549
This relation groups a pair of inverse relations, parasite of and parasitized by
interacts with via parasite-host interaction
Pediculus humanus capitis parasite of human
Chris Mungall
parasitizes
direct parasite of
parasite of
http://eol.org/schema/terms/parasitizes
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has parasite
parasitised by
directly parasitized by
parasitized by
http://eol.org/schema/terms/hasParasite
Porifiera attaches to substrate
A biotic interaction relationship in which one partner is an organism and the other partner is inorganic. For example, the relationship between a sponge and the substrate to which is it anchored.
Chris Mungall
semibiotically interacts with
participates in a abiotic-biotic interaction with
Axiomatization to GO to be added later
Chris Mungall
An interaction relation between x and y in which x catalyzes a reaction in which a phosphate group is added to y.
phosphorylates
Holds between molecular entities A and B where A can physically interact with B and in doing so regulates a process that B is capable of. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B.
Chris Mungall
molecularly controls
activity directly regulates activity of
Holds between molecular entities A and B where A can physically interact with B and in doing so negatively regulates a process that B is capable of. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B.
Chris Mungall
inhibits
molecularly decreases activity of
activity directly negatively regulates activity of
Holds between molecular entities A and B where A can physically interact with B and in doing so positively regulates a process that B is capable of. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B.
Chris Mungall
activates
molecularly increases activity of
activity directly positively regulates activity of
all dengue disease transmitted by some mosquito
A relationship that holds between a disease and organism
Add domain and range constraints
Chris Mungall
transmitted by
A relation that holds between a disease or an organism and a phenotype
Chris Mungall
has symptom
Chris Mungall
The term host is usually used for the larger (macro) of the two members of a symbiosis (GO)
host of
Chris Mungall
has host
http://eol.org/schema/terms/hasHost
Bees pollinate Flowers
This relation is intended to be used for biotic pollination - e.g. a bee pollinating a flowering plant. Some kinds of pollination may be semibiotic - e.g. wind can have the role of pollinator. We would use a separate relation for this.
Chris Mungall
is subject of pollination interaction with
pollinates
http://eol.org/schema/terms/pollinates
Chris Mungall
has polinator
is target of pollination interaction with
pollinated by
http://eol.org/schema/terms/hasPollinator
Chris Mungall
Intended to be used when the target of the relation is not itself consumed, and does not have integral parts consumed, but provided nutrients in some other fashion.
acquires nutrients from
inverse of preys on
Chris Mungall
has predator
is target of predation interaction with
preyed upon by
http://eol.org/schema/terms/HasPredator
http://polytraits.lifewatchgreece.eu/terms/PRED
Anopheles is a vector for Plasmodium
Chris Mungall
a is a vector for b if a carries and transmits an infectious pathogen b into another living organism
is vector for
Chris Mungall
has vector
Chris Mungall
Experimental: relation used for defining interaction relations. An interaction relation holds when there is an interaction event with two partners. In a directional interaction, one partner is deemed the subject, the other the target
partner in
Chris Mungall
Experimental: relation used for defining interaction relations; the meaning of s 'subject participant in' p is determined by the type of p, where p must be a directional interaction process. For example, in a predator-prey interaction process the subject is the predator. We can imagine a reciprocal prey-predatory process with subject and object reversed.
subject participant in
Chris Mungall
Experimental: relation used for defining interaction relations; the meaning of s 'target participant in' p is determined by the type of p, where p must be a directional interaction process. For example, in a predator-prey interaction process the target is the prey. We can imagine a reciprocal prey-predatory process with subject and object reversed.
target participant in
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This property or its subproperties is not to be used directly. These properties exist as helper properties that are used to support OWL reasoning.
helper property
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is symbiosis
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is commensalism
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is mutualism
Chris Mungall
is parasitism
Chris Mungall
provides nutrients for
Chris Mungall
is subject of eating interaction with
eats
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eaten by
is target of eating interaction with
is eaten by
A relationship between a piece of evidence a and some entity b, where b is an information content entity, material entity or process, and
the a supports either the existence of b, or the truth value of b.
Chris Mungall
is evidence for
'otolith organ' SubClassOf 'composed primarily of' some 'calcium carbonate'
x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y.
Chris Mungall
composed primarily of
ABal nucleus child nucleus of ABa nucleus (in C elegans)
c is a child nucleus of d if and only if c and d are both nuclei and parts of cells c' and d', where c' is derived from d' by mitosis and the genetic material in c is a copy of the generic material in d
Chris Mungall
This relation is primarily used in the worm anatomy ontology for representing lineage at the level of nuclei. However, it is applicable to any organismal cell lineage.
child nucleus of
A child nucleus relationship in which the cells are part of a hermaphroditic organism
Chris Mungall
child nucleus of in hermaphrodite
A child nucleus relationship in which the cells are part of a male organism
Chris Mungall
child nucleus of in male
p has part that occurs in c if and only if there exists some p1, such that p has_part p1, and p1 occurs in c.
Chris Mungall
has part that occurs in
true
An interaction relation between x and y in which x catalyzes a reaction in which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to y
Axiomatization to GO to be added later
Chris Mungall
ubiquitinates
Chris Mungall
is kinase activity
Chris Mungall
is ubiquitination
See notes for inverse relation
Chris Mungall
receives input from
This is an exploratory relation. The label is taken from the FMA. It needs aligned with the neuron-specific relations such as has postsynaptic terminal in.
Chris Mungall
sends output to
Chris Mungall
Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, typically connecting an anatomical entity to a biological process or developmental stage.
relation between structure and stage
x existence starts during y if and only if the time point at which x starts is after or equivalent to the time point at which y starts and before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: x existence starts during y iff α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y).
Chris Mungall
existence starts during
x starts ends with y if and only if the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x existence starts with y iff α(x) = α(y).
Chris Mungall
existence starts with
x existence overlaps y if and only if either (a) the start of x is part of y or (b) the end of x is part of y. Formally: x existence starts and ends during y iff (α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y)) OR (ω(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) >= α(y))
Chris Mungall
The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription.
existence overlaps
x existence starts and ends during y if and only if the start of x is part of y and the end of x is part of y. Formally: x existence starts and ends during y iff α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) >= α(y)
Chris Mungall
The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription.
existence starts and ends during
x existence ends during y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends and after or equivalent to the point at which y starts. Formally: x existence ends during y iff ω(x) <= ω(y) and ω(x) >= α(y).
Chris Mungall
The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription.
existence ends during
x existence ends with y if and only if the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: x existence ends with y iff ω(x) = ω(y).
Chris Mungall
The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription.
existence ends with
x transformation of y if x is the immediate transformation of y, or is linked to y through a chain of transformation relationships
Chris Mungall
transformation of
x immediate transformation of y iff x immediately succeeds y temporally at a time boundary t, and all of the matter present in x at t is present in y at t, and all the matter in y at t is present in x at t
Chris Mungall
immediate transformation of
x existence starts during or after y if and only if the time point at which x starts is after or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x existence starts during or after y iff α (x) >= α (y).
Chris Mungall
The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription.
existence starts during or after
x existence ends during or before y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends.
Chris Mungall
The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription.
existence ends during or before
A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process
causal agent in process
p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one of direct activation or direct inhibition. p may be upstream, downstream, part of or a container of q.
Chris Mungall
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.
causal relation between processes
Chris Mungall
depends on
q towards e2 if and only if q is a relational quality such that q inheres-in some e, and e != e2 and q is dependent on e2
This relation is provided in order to support the use of relational qualities such as 'concentration of'; for example, the concentration of C in V is a quality that inheres in V, but pertains to C.
Chris Mungall
towards
'lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate' SubClassOf has_intermediate some diaminopimelate
p has intermediate c if and only if p has parts p1, p2 and p1 has output c, and p2 has input c
Chris Mungall
has intermediate product
has intermediate
The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch
Chris Mungall
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.
causal relation between material entities
A coral reef environment is determined by a particular coral reef
s determined by f if and only if s is a type of system, and f is a material entity that is part of s, such that f exerts a strong causal influence on the functioning of s, and the removal of f would cause the collapse of s.
The label for this relation is probably too general for its restricted use, where the domain is a system. It may be relabeled in future
Chris Mungall
determined by (system to material entity)
Chris Mungall
Pier Buttigieg
determined by
inverse of determined by
Chris Mungall
determines (material entity to system)
determines
s 'determined by part of' w if and only if there exists some f such that (1) s 'determined by' f and (2) f part_of w, or f=w.
Chris Mungall
determined by part of
true
x is transcribed from y if and only if x is synthesized from template y
Chris Mungall
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20226267
transcribed from
inverse of transcribed from
Chris Mungall
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20226267
transcribed to
x is the ribosomal translation of y if and only if a ribosome reads x through a series of triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activities (GO:0030533) and produces y
Chris Mungall
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20226267
ribosomal translation of
inverse of ribosomal translation of
Chris Mungall
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20226267
ribosomally translates to
A relation that holds between two entities that have the property of being sequences or having sequences.
Chris Mungall
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20226267
Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.
The domain and range of this relation include entities such as: information-bearing macromolecules such as DNA, or regions of these molecules; abstract information entities encoded as a linear sequence including text, abstract DNA sequences; Sequence features, entities that have a sequence or sequences. Note that these entities are not necessarily contiguous - for example, the mereological sum of exons on a genome of a particular gene.
sequentially related to
Every UTR is adjacent to a CDS of the same transcript
Two consecutive DNA residues are sequentially adjacent
Two exons on a processed transcript that were previously connected by an intron are adjacent
x is sequentially adjacent to y iff x and y do not overlap and if there are no base units intervening between x and y
Chris Mungall
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20226267
sequentially adjacent to
Every CDS has as a start sequence the start codon for that transcript
x has start sequence y if the start of x is identical to the start of y, and x has y as a subsequence
Chris Mungall
started by
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20226267
has start sequence
inverse of has start sequence
Chris Mungall
starts
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20226267
is start sequence of
Every CDS has as an end sequence the stop codon for that transcript (note this follows from the SO definition of CDS, in which stop codons are included)
x has end sequence y if the end of x is identical to the end of y, and x has y as a subsequence
Chris Mungall
ended by
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20226267
has end sequence
inverse of has end sequence
Chris Mungall
ends
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20226267
is end sequence of
x is a consecutive sequence of y iff x has subsequence y, and all the parts of x are made of zero or more repetitions of y or sequences as the same type as y.
In the SO paper, this was defined as an instance-type relation
Chris Mungall
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20226267
is consecutive sequence of
Human Shh and Mouse Shh are sequentially aligned, by cirtue of the fact that they derive from the same ancestral sequence.
x is sequentially aligned with if a significant portion bases of x and y correspond in terms of their base type and their relative ordering
Chris Mungall
is sequentially aligned with
The genomic exons of a transcript bound the sequence of the genomic introns of the same transcript (but the introns are not subsequences of the exons)
x bounds the sequence of y iff the upstream-most part of x is upstream of or coincident with the upstream-most part of y, and the downstream-most part of x is downstream of or coincident with the downstream-most part of y
Chris Mungall
bounds sequence of
inverse of bounds sequence of
Chris Mungall
is bound by sequence of
x has subsequence y iff all of the sequence parts of x are sequence parts of y
Chris Mungall
contains
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20226267
has subsequence
inverse of has subsequence
Chris Mungall
contained by
is subsequence of
x overlaps the sequence of x if and only if x has a subsequence z and z is a subsequence of y.
Chris Mungall
overlaps sequence of
x does not overlaps the sequence of x if and only if there is no z such that x has a subsequence z and z is a subsequence of y.
Chris Mungall
disconnected from
does not overlap sequence of
inverse of downstream of sequence of
Chris Mungall
is upstream of sequence of
x is downstream of the sequence of y iff either (1) x and y have sequence units, and all units of x are downstream of all units of y, or (2) x and y are sequence units, and x is either immediately downstream of y, or transitively downstream of y.
Chris Mungall
is downstream of sequence of
A 3'UTR is immediately downstream of the sequence of the CDS from the same monocistronic transcript
x is immediately downstream of the sequence of y iff either (1) x and y have sequence units, and all units of x are downstream of all units of y, and x is sequentially adjacent to y, or (2) x and y are sequence units, in which case the immediately downstream relation is primitive and defined by context: for DNA bases, y would be adjacent and 5' to y
Chris Mungall
is immediately downstream of sequence of
A 5'UTR is immediately upstream of the sequence of the CDS from the same monocistronic transcript
inverse of immediately downstream of
Chris Mungall
is immediately upstream of sequence of
Forelimb SubClassOf has_skeleton some 'Forelimb skeleton'
A relation between a segment or subdivision of an organism and the maximal subdivision of material entities that provides structural support for that segment or subdivision.
Chris Mungall
has supporting framework
The skeleton of a structure may be a true skeleton (for example, the bony skeleton of a hand) or any kind of support framework (the hydrostatic skeleton of a sea star, the exoskeleton of an insect, the cytoskeleton of a cell).
has skeleton
p results in the end of s if p results in a change of state in s whereby s either ceases to exist, or s becomes functionally impaired or s has its fate committed such that it is put on a path to be degraded.
Chris Mungall
results in ending of
x is a hyperparasite of y iff x is a parasite of a parasite of the target organism y
Note that parasite-of is a diret relationship, so hyperparasite-of is not considered a sub-relation, even though hyperparasitism can be considered a form of parasitism
Chris Mungall
http://eol.org/schema/terms/hyperparasitoidOf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperparasite
epiparasite of
hyperparasitoid of
hyperparasite of
inverse of hyperparasite of
Chris Mungall
has epiparasite
has hyperparasite
hyperparasitoidized by
hyperparasitized by
Chris Mungall
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allelopathy
allelopath of
http://eol.org/schema/terms/allelopathyYes
x is an allelopath of y iff xis an organism produces one or more biochemicals that influence the growth, survival, and reproduction of y
Chris Mungall
pathogen of
Chris Mungall
has pathogen
inverse of is evidence for
Chris Mungall
x has evidence y iff , x is an information content entity, material entity or process, and y supports either the existence of x, or the truth value of x.
has evidence
Chris Mungall
causally influenced by (material entity to material entity)
causally influenced by
Chris Mungall
interaction relation helper property
https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/InteractionRelations
Chris Mungall
molecular interaction relation helper property
Holds between p and c when p is locomotion process and the outcome of this process is the change of location of c
Chris Mungall
results in movement of
Holds between materal entities a and b if the activity of a is causally upstream of the activity of b, or causally upstream of a an activity that modifies b
Chris Mungall
causally influences (material entity to material entity)
causally influences
A relation that holds between elements of a musculoskeletal system or its analogs.
Chris Mungall
Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving the biomechanical processes.
biomechanically related to
m1 has_muscle_antagonist m2 iff m1 has_muscle_insertion s, m2 has_muscle_insection s, m1 acts in opposition to m2, and m2 is responsible for returning the structure to its initial position.
Chris Mungall
Wikipedia:Antagonist_(muscle)
has muscle antagonist
inverse of branching part of
Chris Mungall
has branching part
x is a conduit for y iff y overlaps through the lumen_of of x, and y has parts on either side of the lumen of x.
Chris Mungall
UBERON:cjm
This relation holds between a thing with a 'conduit' (e.g. a bone foramen) and a 'conduee' (for example, a nerve) such that at the time the relationship holds, the conduee has two ends sticking out either end of the conduit. It should therefore note be used for objects that move through the conduit but whose spatial extent does not span the passage. For example, it would not be used for a mountain that contains a long tunnel through which trains pass. Nor would we use it for a digestive tract and objects such as food that pass through.
conduit for
x lumen_of y iff x is the space or substance that is part of y and does not cross any of the inner membranes or boundaries of y that is maximal with respect to the volume of the convex hull.
Chris Mungall
GOC:cjm
lumen of
s is luminal space of x iff s is lumen_of x and s is an immaterial entity
Chris Mungall
luminal space of
A relation that holds between an attribute or a qualifier and another attribute.
Chris Mungall
This relation is intended to be used in combination with PATO, to be able to refine PATO quality classes using modifiers such as 'abnormal' and 'normal'. It has yet to be formally aligned into an ontological framework; it's not clear what the ontological status of the "modifiers" are.
has modifier
Chris Mungall
participates in a biotic-biotic interaction with
inverse of has skeleton
Chris Mungall
skeleton of
Process(P1) directly regulates process(P2) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2.
Chris Mungall
directly regulates (processual)
directly regulates
x existence starts at point y if and only if the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y ends.
existence starts at point
gland SubClassOf 'has part structure that is capable of' some 'secretion by cell'
s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p
Chris Mungall
has part structure that is capable of
p 'results in closure of' c if and only if p is a developmental process and p results in a state of c changing from open to closed.
results in closure of
p results in breakdown of c if and only if the execution of p leads to c no longer being present at the end of p
results in breakdown of
results in synthesis of
results in assembly of
p results in catabolism of c if and only if p is a catabolic process, and the execution of p results in c being broken into smaller parts with energy being released.
results in catabolism of
results in disassembly of
results in remodeling of
p results in organization of c iff p results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of c
results in organization of
x existence starts at point y if and only if the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y ends.
existence ends at point
A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity.
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.
Chris Mungall
causal relation between material entity and a process
pyrethroid -> growth
Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p.
capable of regulating
Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p.
capable of negatively regulating
renin -> arteriolar smooth muscle contraction
Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p.
capable of positively regulating
pazopanib -> pathological angiogenesis
Holds between a material entity c and a pathological process p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, where a inhibits p.
treats
The entity c may be a molecular entity with a drug role, or it could be some other entity used in a therapeutic context, such as a hyperbaric chamber.
capable of inhibiting or preventing pathological process
treats
Usage of the term 'treats' applies when we believe there to be a an inhibitory relationship
benzene -> cancer [CHEBI]
Holds between a material entity c and a pathological process p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, where a negatively regulates p.
causes disease
capable of upregulating or causing pathological process
c is a substance that treats d if c is a material entity (such as a small molecule or compound) and d is a pathological process, phenotype or disease, and c is capable of some activity that negative regulates or decreases the magnitude of d.
treats
is substance that treats
c is marker for d iff the presence or occurrence of d is correlated with the presence of occurrence of c, and the observation of c is used to infer the presence or occurrence of d. Note that this does not imply that c and d are in a direct causal relationship, as it may be the case that there is a third entity e that stands in a direct causal relationship with c and d.
May be ceded to OBI
is marker for
Inverse of 'causal agent in process'
process has causal agent
A relationship that holds between two entities, where the relationship holds based on the presence or absence of statistical dependence relationship. The entities may be statistical variables, or they may be other kinds of entities such as diseases, chemical entities or processes.
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.
related via dependence to
A relationship that holds between two entities, where the entities exhibit a statistical dependence relationship. The entities may be statistical variables, or they may be other kinds of entities such as diseases, chemical entities or processes.
Groups both positive and negative correlation
correlated with
An instance of a sequence similarity evidence (ECO:0000044) that uses a homologous sequence UniProtKB:P12345 as support.
A relationship between a piece of evidence and an entity that plays a role in supporting that evidence.
In the Gene Ontology association model, this corresponds to the With/From field
is evidence with support from
Inverse of is-model-of
has model
related via evidence or inference to
visits
https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/issues/74
visited by
visits flowers of
has flowers visited by
lays eggs in
has eggs laid in by
https://github.com/jhpoelen/eol-globi-data/issues/143
kills
is killed by
Process(P1) directly postively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly positively regulates P2.
directly positively regulates (process to process)
directly positively regulates
Process(P1) directly negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly negatively regulates P2.
directly negatively regulates (process to process)
directly negatively regulates
A sub-relation of parasite-of in which the parasite lives on or in the integumental system of the host
ectoparasite of
inverse of ectoparasite of
has ectoparasite
A sub-relation of parasite-of in which the parasite lives inside the host, beneath the integumental system
lives inside of
endoparasite of
has endoparasite
A sub-relation of parasite-of in which the parasite is partially an endoparasite and partially an ectoparasite
mesoparasite of
inverse of mesoparasite of
has mesoparasite
A sub-relation of endoparasite-of in which the parasite inhabits the spaces between host cells.
intercellular endoparasite of
inverse of intercellular endoparasite of
has intercellular endoparasite
A sub-relation of endoparasite-of in which the parasite inhabits host cells.
intracellular endoparasite of
inverse of intracellular endoparasite of
has intracellular endoparasite
a produces b if some process that occurs_in a has_output b, where a and b are material entities. Examples: hybridoma cell line produces monoclonal antibody reagent; chondroblast produces avascular GAG-rich matrix.
Melissa Haendel
Note that this definition doesn't quite distinguish the output of a transformation process from a production process, which is related to the identity/granularity issue.
produces
a produced_by b iff some process that occurs_in b has_output a.
Melissa Haendel
produced by
Holds between protein a (a transcription factor) and DNA element b if and only if a diminishes the process of transcription of b.
Logical axioms to be added after the relevant branch of GO is MIREOTed in
represses expression of
Holds between protein a (a transcription factor) and DNA element b if and only if a activates the process of transcription of b.
Logical axioms to be added after the relevant branch of GO is MIREOTed in
increases expression of
Relation between a research artifact and an entity it is used to study, in virtue of its replicating or approximating features of the studied entity.
To Do: decide on scope of this relation - inclusive of computational models in domain, or only physical models? Restricted to linking biological systems and phenomena? Inclusive of only diseases in range, or broader?
Matthew Brush
The driving use case for this relation was to link a biological model system such as a cell line or model organism to a disease it is used to investigate, in virtue of the model system exhibiting features similar to that of the disease of interest.
is model of
The genetic variant 'NM_007294.3(BRCA1):c.110C>A (p.Thr37Lys)' casues or contributes to the disease 'familial breast-ovarian cancer'.
An environment of exposure to arsenic causes or contributes to the phenotype of patchy skin hyperpigmentation, and the disease 'skin cancer'.
A relationship between an entity (e.g. a genotype, genetic variation, chemical, or environmental exposure) and a condition (a phenotype or disease), where the entity has some causal or contributing role that influences the condition.
Note that relationships of phenotypes to organisms/strains that bear them, or diseases they are manifest in, should continue to use RO:0002200 ! 'has phenotype' and RO:0002201 ! 'phenotype of'.
Genetic variations can span any level of granularity from a full genome or genotype to an individual gene or sequence alteration. These variations can be represented at the physical level (DNA/RNA macromolecules or their parts, as in the ChEBI ontology and Molecular Sequence Ontology) or at the abstract level (generically dependent continuant sequence features that are carried by these macromolecules, as in the Sequence Ontology and Genotype Ontology). The causal relations in this hierarchy can be used in linking either physical or abstract genetic variations to phenotypes or diseases they cause or contribute to.
Environmental exposures include those imposed by natural environments, experimentally applied conditions, or clinical interventions.
causes or contributes to condition
A relationship between an entity (e.g. a genotype, genetic variation, chemical, or environmental exposure) and a condition (a phenotype or disease), where the entity has some causal role for the condition.
causes condition
A relationship between an entity (e.g. a genotype, genetic variation, chemical, or environmental exposure) and a condition (a phenotype or disease), where the entity has some contributing role that influences the condition.
contributes to condition
A relationship between an entity (e.g. a genotype, genetic variation, chemical, or environmental exposure) and a condition (a phenotype or disease), where the entity influences the severity with which a condition manifests in an individual.
contributes to expressivity of condition
contributes to severity of condition
A relationship between an entity (e.g. a genotype, genetic variation, chemical, or environmental exposure) and a condition (a phenotype or disease), where the entity influences the frequency of the condition in a population.
contributes to penetrance of condition
contributes to frequency of condition
A relationship between an entity (e.g. a genotype, genetic variation, chemical, or environmental exposure) and a condition (a phenotype or disease), where the presence of the entity reduces or eliminates some or all aspects of the condition.
is preventative for condition
Genetic variations can span any level of granularity from a full genome or genotype to an individual gene or sequence alteration. These variations can be represented at the physical level (DNA/RNA macromolecules or their parts, as in the ChEBI ontology and Molecular Sequence Ontology) or at the abstract level (generically dependent continuant sequence features that are carried by these macromolecules, as in the Sequence Ontology and Genotype Ontology). The causal relations in this hierarchy can be used in linking either physical or abstract genetic variations to phenotypes or diseases they cause or contribute to.
Environmental exposures include those imposed by natural environments, experimentally applied conditions, or clinical interventions.
ameliorates condition
A relationship between an entity and a condition (phenotype or disease) with which it exhibits a statistical dependence relationship.
correlated with condition
A relationship between an entity (e.g. a chemical, environmental exposure, or some form of genetic variation) and a condition (a phenotype or disease), where the presence of the entity worsens some or all aspects of the condition.
exacerbates condition
A relationship between a condition (a phenotype or disease) and an entity (e.g. a chemical, environmental exposure, or some form of genetic variation) where some or all aspects of the condition are reduced or eliminated by the presence of the entity.
condition ameliorated by
A relationship between a condition (a phenotype or disease) and an entity (e.g. a chemical, environmental exposure, or some form of genetic variation) where some or all aspects of the condition are worsened by the presence of the entity.
condition exacerbated by
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a more specific relations
cjm
2017-11-05T02:38:20Z
condition has genetic basis in
cjm
2017-11-05T02:45:20Z
has material basis in gain of function germline mutation in
cjm
2017-11-05T02:45:37Z
has material basis in loss of function germline mutation in
cjm
2017-11-05T02:45:54Z
has material basis in germline mutation in
cjm
2017-11-05T02:46:07Z
has material basis in somatic mutation in
cjm
2017-11-05T02:46:26Z
has major susceptibility factor
cjm
2017-11-05T02:46:57Z
has partial material basis in germline mutation in
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a more specific relations
cjm
2017-11-05T02:53:08Z
is genetic basis for condition
Relates a gene to condition, such that a mutation in this gene in a germ cell provides a new function of the corresponding product and that is sufficient to produce the condition and that can be passed on to offspring[modified from orphanet].
cjm
2017-11-05T02:55:51Z
is causal gain of function germline mutation of in
Relates a gene to condition, such that a mutation in this gene in a germ cell impairs the function of the corresponding product and that is sufficient to produce the condition and that can be passed on to offspring[modified from orphanet].
cjm
2017-11-05T02:56:06Z
is causal loss of function germline mutation of in
Relates a gene to condition, such that a mutation in this gene is sufficient to produce the condition and that can be passed on to offspring[modified from orphanet].
cjm
2017-11-05T02:56:40Z
is causal germline mutation in
Relates a gene to condition, such that a mutation in this gene is sufficient to produce the condition but that cannot be passed on to offspring[modified from orphanet].
cjm
2017-11-05T02:57:07Z
is causal somatic mutation in
Relates a gene to condition, such that a mutation in this gene predisposes to the development of a condition and that is necessary but not sufficient to develop the condition[modified from orphanet].
cjm
2017-11-05T02:57:43Z
is causal susceptibility factor for
Relates a gene to condition, such that a mutation in this gene partially contributes to the presentation of this condition[modified from orphanet].
cjm
2017-11-05T02:58:43Z
is causal germline mutation partially giving rise to
cjm
2017-11-05T03:20:01Z
realizable has basis in
cjm
2017-11-05T03:20:29Z
is basis for realizable
cjm
2017-11-05T03:26:47Z
disease has basis in
A relation that holds between the disease and a material entity where the physical basis of the disease is a disorder of that material entity that affects its function.
cjm
2017-11-05T03:29:32Z
disease has basis in dysfunction of
A relation that holds between the disease and a process where the physical basis of the disease disrupts execution of a key biological process.
cjm
2017-11-05T03:37:52Z
disease has basis in disruption of
A relation that holds between the disease and a feature (a phenotype or other disease) where the physical basis of the disease is the feature.
cjm
2017-11-05T03:46:07Z
disease has basis in feature
After import upper level from OGMS, make domain more specific.
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all of which have a disease as the subject.
cjm
2017-11-05T03:50:54Z
causal relationship with disease as subject
A relationship between a disease and a process where the disease process disrupts the execution of the process.
cjm
2017-11-05T03:51:09Z
disease causes disruption of
cjm
2017-11-05T03:58:20Z
disease causes dysfunction of
A relationship between a disease and an anatomical entity where the disease has one or more features that are located in that entity.
TODO: complete range axiom once more of CARO has been mireoted in to this ontology
This relation is intentionally very general, and covers isolated diseases, where the disease is realized as a process occurring in the location, and syndromic diseases, where one or more of the features may be present in that location. Thus any given disease can have multiple locations in the sense defined here.
cjm
2017-11-05T04:06:02Z
disease has location
A relationship between a disease and an anatomical entity where the disease is triggered by an inflammatory response to stimuli occurring in the anatomical entity
cjm
2017-12-26T19:37:31Z
disease has inflammation site
A relationship between a realizable entity R (e.g. function or disposition) and a material entity M where R is realized in response to a process that has an input stimulus of M.
cjm
2017-12-26T19:45:49Z
realized in response to stimulus
A relationship between a disease and some feature of that disease, where the feature is either a phenotype or an isolated disease.
cjm
2017-12-26T19:50:53Z
disease has feature
A relationship between a disease and an anatomical structure where the material basis of the disease is some pathological change in the structure.
cjm
2017-12-26T19:58:44Z
disease arises from structure
Holds between an entity and an process P where the entity enables some larger compound process, and that larger process has-part P.
cjm
2018-01-25T23:20:13Z
enables subfunction
cjm
2018-01-26T23:49:30Z
acts upstream of or within, positive effect
cjm
2018-01-26T23:49:51Z
acts upstream of or within, negative effect
c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive
cjm
2018-01-26T23:53:14Z
acts upstream of, positive effect
c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative
cjm
2018-01-26T23:53:22Z
acts upstream of, negative effect
cjm
2018-03-13T23:55:05Z
causally upstream of or within, negative effect
cjm
2018-03-13T23:55:19Z
causally upstream of or within, positive effect
An interaction relationship wherein a plant or algae is living on the outside surface of another plant.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphyte
epiphyte of
inverse of epiphyte of
has epiphyte
A sub-relation of parasite of in which a parasite steals resources from another organism, usually food or nest material
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kleptoparasitism
kleptoparasite of
inverse of kleptoparasite of
kleptoparasitized by
An interaction relationship wherein one organism creates a structure or environment that is lived in by another organism.
creates habitat for
An interaction relationship describing organisms that often occur together at the same time and space or in the same environment.
co-occurs
An interaction relationship in which organism a lays eggs on the outside surface of organism b. Organism b is neither helped nor harmed in the process of egg laying or incubation.
lays eggs on
An interaction relationship in which organism a lays eggs on the outside surface of organism b. Organism b is neither helped nor harmed in the process of egg laying or incubation.
has eggs laid on by
muffin 'has substance added' some 'baking soda'
"has substance added" is a relation existing between a (physical) entity and a substance in which the entity has had the substance added to it at some point in time.
The relation X 'has substance added' some Y doesn't imply that X still has Y in any detectable fashion subsequent to the addition. Water in dehydrated food or ice cubes are examples, as is food that undergoes chemical transformation. This definition should encompass recipe ingredients.
Damion Dooley
has substance added
'egg white' 'has substance removed' some 'egg yolk'
"has substance removed" is a relation existing between two physical entities in which the first entity has had the second entity (a substance) removed from it at some point in time.
Damion Dooley
has substance removed
sardines 'immersed in' some 'oil and mustard'
"immersed in" is a relation between a (physical) entity and a fluid substance in which the entity is wholely or substantially surrounded by the substance.
Damion Dooley
immersed in
bread 'has primary substance added' some 'flour'
'has primary substance added' indicates that an entity has had the given substance added to it in a proportion greater than any other added substance.
Damion Dooley
has primary substance added
A drought sensitivity trait that inheres in a whole plant is realized in a systemic response process in response to exposure to drought conditions.
An inflammatory disease that is realized in response to an inflammatory process occurring in the gut (which is itself the realization of a process realized in response to harmful stimuli in the mucosal lining of th gut)
Environmental polymorphism in butterflies: These butterflies have a 'responsivity to day length trait' that is realized in response to the duration of the day, and is realized in developmental processes that lead to increased or decreased pigmentation in the adult morph.
r 'realized in response to' s iff, r is a realizable (e.g. a plant trait such as responsivity to drought), s is an environmental stimulus (a process), and s directly causes the realization of r.
Austin Meier
Chris Mungall
David Osumi-Sutherland
Marie Angelique Laporte
triggered by process
realized in response to
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1KWhZxVBhIPkV6_daHta0h6UyHbjY2eIrnON1WIRGgdY/edit
triggered by process
RO:cjm
Relation between biological objects that resemble or are related to each other sufficiently to warrant a comparison.
ECO:0000041
SO:similar_to
sameness
similar to
correspondence
resemblance
in similarity relationship with
Relation between biological objects that resemble or are related to each other sufficiently to warrant a comparison.
BGEE:curator
correspondence
Similarity that results from common evolutionary origin.
homologous to
This broad definition encompasses all the working definitions proposed so far in the literature.
in homology relationship with
Similarity that results from common evolutionary origin.
Similarity that results from independent evolution.
homoplasous to
analogy
in homoplasy relationship with
Similarity that results from independent evolution.
Similarity that is characterized by the organization of anatomical structures through the expression of homologous or identical patterning genes.
ECO:0000075
homocracous to
Homology and homocracy are not mutually exclusive. The homology relationships of patterning genes may be unresolved and thus may include orthologues and paralogues.
in homocracy relationship with
Similarity that is characterized by the organization of anatomical structures through the expression of homologous or identical patterning genes.
Homoplasy that involves different underlying mechanisms or structures.
analogy
Convergence usually implies a notion of adaptation.
in convergence relationship with
Homoplasy that involves different underlying mechanisms or structures.
Homoplasy that involves homologous underlying mechanisms or structures.
parallel evolution
Can be applied for features present in closely related organisms but not present continuously in all the members of the lineage.
in parallelism relationship with
Homoplasy that involves homologous underlying mechanisms or structures.
Homology that is defined by similarity with regard to selected structural parameters.
ECO:0000071
MI:2163
structural homologous to
idealistic homology
in structural homology relationship with
Homology that is defined by similarity with regard to selected structural parameters.
ISBN:0123195837
Homology that is defined by common descent.
homology
ECO:0000080
RO_proposed_relation:homologous_to
SO:0000330
SO:0000853
SO:0000857
SO:homologous_to
TAO:homologous_to
cladistic homology
historical homologous to
phylogenetic homology
taxic homology
true homology
in historical homology relationship with
Homology that is defined by common descent.
ISBN:0123195837
Homology that is defined by sharing of a set of developmental constraints, caused by locally acting self-regulatory mechanisms of differentiation, between individualized parts of the phenotype.
ECO:0000067
biological homologous to
transformational homology
Applicable only to morphology. A certain degree of ambiguity is accepted between biological homology and parallelism.
in biological homology relationship with
Homology that is defined by sharing of a set of developmental constraints, caused by locally acting self-regulatory mechanisms of differentiation, between individualized parts of the phenotype.
Homoplasy that involves phenotypes similar to those seen in ancestors within the lineage.
atavism
rudiment
reversion
in reversal relationship with
Homoplasy that involves phenotypes similar to those seen in ancestors within the lineage.
Structural homology that is detected by similarity in content and organization between chromosomes.
MeSH:Synteny
SO:0000860
SO:0005858
syntenic homologous to
synteny
in syntenic homology relationship with
Structural homology that is detected by similarity in content and organization between chromosomes.
MeSH:Synteny
Historical homology that involves genes that diverged after a duplication event.
SO:0000854
SO:0000859
SO:paralogous_to
paralogous to
in paralogy relationship with
Historical homology that involves genes that diverged after a duplication event.
Paralogy that involves sets of syntenic blocks.
syntenic paralogous to
duplicon
paralogon
in syntenic paralogy relationship with
Paralogy that involves sets of syntenic blocks.
DOI:10.1002/1097-010X(20001215)288:4<345::AID-JEZ7>3.0.CO;2-Y
Syntenic homology that involves chromosomes of different species.
syntenic orthologous to
in syntenic orthology relationship with
Syntenic homology that involves chromosomes of different species.
Structural homology that involves complex structures from which only a fraction of the elements that can be isolated are separately homologous.
fractional homology
partial homologous to
segmental homology
mixed homology
modular homology
partial correspondence
percent homology
in partial homology relationship with
Structural homology that involves complex structures from which only a fraction of the elements that can be isolated are separately homologous.
ISBN:0123195837
ISBN:978-0471984931
Structural homology that is detected at the level of the 3D protein structure, but maybe not at the level of the amino acid sequence.
MeSH:Structural_Homology,_Protein
protein structural homologous to
in protein structural homology relationship with
Structural homology that is detected at the level of the 3D protein structure, but maybe not at the level of the amino acid sequence.
Structural homology that involves a pseudogenic feature and its functional ancestor.
pseudogene
SO:non_functional_homolog_of
non functional homologous to
in non functional homology relationship with
Structural homology that involves a pseudogenic feature and its functional ancestor.
SO:non_functional_homolog_of
Historical homology that involves genes that diverged after a speciation event.
ECO:00000060
SO:0000855
SO:0000858
SO:orthologous_to
orthologous to
The term is sometimes also used for anatomical structures.
in orthology relationship with
Historical homology that involves genes that diverged after a speciation event.
Historical homology that is characterized by an interspecies (horizontal) transfer since the common ancestor.
xenologous to
The term is sometimes also used for anatomical structures (e.g. in case of a symbiosis).
in xenology relationship with
Historical homology that is characterized by an interspecies (horizontal) transfer since the common ancestor.
Historical homology that involves two members sharing no other homologs in the lineages considered.
1 to 1 homologous to
1:1 homology
one-to-one homology
in 1 to 1 homology relationship with
Historical homology that involves two members sharing no other homologs in the lineages considered.
BGEE:curator
Orthology that involves two genes that did not experience any duplication after the speciation event that created them.
1 to 1 orthologous to
1:1 orthology
one-to-one orthology
in 1 to 1 orthology relationship with
Orthology that involves two genes that did not experience any duplication after the speciation event that created them.
Paralogy that results from a whole genome duplication event.
ohnologous to
homoeology
in ohnology relationship with
Paralogy that results from a whole genome duplication event.
Paralogy that results from a lineage-specific duplication subsequent to a given speciation event.
in-paralogous to
inparalogy
symparalogy
in in-paralogy relationship with
Paralogy that results from a lineage-specific duplication subsequent to a given speciation event.
Paralogy that results from a duplication preceding a given speciation event.
alloparalogy
out-paralogous to
outparalogy
in out-paralogy relationship with
Paralogy that results from a duplication preceding a given speciation event.
1:many orthology that involves a gene in species A and one of its ortholog in species B, when duplications more recent than the species split have occurred in species B but not in species A.
pro-orthologous to
in pro-orthology relationship with
1:many orthology that involves a gene in species A and one of its ortholog in species B, when duplications more recent than the species split have occurred in species B but not in species A.
1:many orthology that involves a gene in species A and its ortholog in species B, when duplications more recent than the species split have occurred in species A but not in species B.
semi-orthologous to
The converse of pro-orthologous.
in semi-orthology relationship with
1:many orthology that involves a gene in species A and its ortholog in species B, when duplications more recent than the species split have occurred in species A but not in species B.
Iterative homology that involves structures arranged along the main body axis.
serial homologous to
homonomy
in serial homology relationship with
Iterative homology that involves structures arranged along the main body axis.
Biological homology that is characterized by changes, over evolutionary time, in the rate or timing of developmental events of homologous structures.
heterochronous homologous to
heterochrony
in heterochronous homology relationship with
Biological homology that is characterized by changes, over evolutionary time, in the rate or timing of developmental events of homologous structures.
ISBN:978-0674639416
Heterochronous homology that is produced by a retention in adults of a species of traits previously seen only in juveniles.
juvenification
pedomorphosis
in paedomorphorsis relationship with
Heterochronous homology that is produced by a retention in adults of a species of traits previously seen only in juveniles.
ISBN:978-0674639416
Heterochronous homology that is produced by a maturation of individuals of a species past adulthood, which take on hitherto unseen traits.
in peramorphosis relationship with
Heterochronous homology that is produced by a maturation of individuals of a species past adulthood, which take on hitherto unseen traits.
Paedomorphosis that is produced by precocious sexual maturation of an organism still in a morphologically juvenile stage.
in progenesis relationship with
Paedomorphosis that is produced by precocious sexual maturation of an organism still in a morphologically juvenile stage.
ISBN:978-0674639416
Paedomorphosis that is produced by a retardation of somatic development.
juvenilization
neotenous to
in neoteny relationship with
Paedomorphosis that is produced by a retardation of somatic development.
ISBN:978-0674639416
Convergence that results from co-evolution usually involving an evolutionary arms race.
mimicrous to
in mimicry relationship with
Convergence that results from co-evolution usually involving an evolutionary arms race.
Orthology that involves two genes when duplications more recent than the species split have occurred in one species but not the other.
1 to many orthologous to
1:many orthology
one-to-many orthology
co-orthology
many to 1 orthology
in 1 to many orthology relationship with
Orthology that involves two genes when duplications more recent than the species split have occurred in one species but not the other.
Historical homology that involves two members of a larger set of homologs.
many to many homologous to
many-to-many homology
many:many homology
in many to many homology relationship with
Historical homology that involves two members of a larger set of homologs.
Historical homology that involves a structure that has no other homologs in the species in which it is defined, and several homologous structures in another species.
1 to many homologous to
one-to-many homology
1:many homology
in 1 to many homology relationship with
Historical homology that involves a structure that has no other homologs in the species in which it is defined, and several homologous structures in another species.
BGEE:curator
Historical homology that is based on recent shared ancestry, characterizing a monophyletic group.
apomorphous to
synapomorphy
in apomorphy relationship with
Historical homology that is based on recent shared ancestry, characterizing a monophyletic group.
ISBN:978-0252068140
Historical homology that is based on distant shared ancestry.
plesiomorphous to
symplesiomorphy
This term is usually contrasted to apomorphy.
in plesiomorphy relationship with
Historical homology that is based on distant shared ancestry.
ISBN:978-0252068140
Homocracy that involves morphologically and phylogenetically disparate structures that are the result of parallel evolution.
deep genetic homology
deep homologous to
generative homology
homoiology
Used for structures in distantly related taxa.
in deep homology relationship with
Homocracy that involves morphologically and phylogenetically disparate structures that are the result of parallel evolution.
Historical homology that is characterized by topological discordance between a gene tree and a species tree attributable to the phylogenetic sorting of genetic polymorphisms across successive nodes in a species tree.
hemiplasous to
in hemiplasy relationship with
Historical homology that is characterized by topological discordance between a gene tree and a species tree attributable to the phylogenetic sorting of genetic polymorphisms across successive nodes in a species tree.
Historical homology that involves not recombining and subsequently differentiated sex chromosomes.
gametologous to
in gametology relationship with
Historical homology that involves not recombining and subsequently differentiated sex chromosomes.
Historical homology that involves the chromosomes able to pair (synapse) during meiosis.
MeSH:Chromosome_Pairing
chromosomal homologous to
in chromosomal homology relationship with
Historical homology that involves the chromosomes able to pair (synapse) during meiosis.
ISBN:0195307615
Orthology that involves two genes that experienced duplications more recent than the species split that created them.
many to many orthologous to
many-to-many orthology
many:many orthology
trans-orthology
co-orthology
trans-homology
in many to many orthology relationship with
Orthology that involves two genes that experienced duplications more recent than the species split that created them.
Paralogy that involves genes from the same species.
within-species paralogous to
in within-species paralogy relationship with
Paralogy that involves genes from the same species.
Paralogy that involves genes from different species.
between-species paralogous to
The genes have diverged before a speciation event.
in between-species paralogy relationship with
Paralogy that involves genes from different species.
Paedomorphosis that is produced by delayed growth of immature structures into the adult form.
post-displacement
in postdisplacement relationship with
Paedomorphosis that is produced by delayed growth of immature structures into the adult form.
Peramorphosis that is produced by a delay in the offset of development.
in hypermorphosis relationship with
Peramorphosis that is produced by a delay in the offset of development.
ISBN:978-0674639416
Xenology that results, not from the transfer of a gene between two species, but from a hybridization of two species.
synologous to
in synology relationship with
Xenology that results, not from the transfer of a gene between two species, but from a hybridization of two species.
Orthology that involves functional equivalent genes with retention of the ancestral function.
ECO:0000080
isoorthologous to
in isoorthology relationship with
Orthology that involves functional equivalent genes with retention of the ancestral function.
Paralogy that is characterized by duplication of adjacent sequences on a chromosome segment.
tandem paralogous to
iterative paralogy
serial paralogy
in tandem paralogy relationship with
Paralogy that is characterized by duplication of adjacent sequences on a chromosome segment.
ISBN:978-0878932665
Parallelism that involves morphologically very similar structures, occurring only within some members of a taxon and absent in the common ancestor (which possessed the developmental basis to develop this character).
apomorphic tendency
cryptic homology
latent homologous to
underlying synapomorphy
homoiology
homoplastic tendency
re-awakening
Used for structures in closely related taxa.
in latent homology relationship with
Parallelism that involves morphologically very similar structures, occurring only within some members of a taxon and absent in the common ancestor (which possessed the developmental basis to develop this character).
ISBN:0199141118
Homocracy that involves recognizably corresponding characters that occurs in two or more taxa, or as a repeated unit within an individual.
generative homology
syngenous to
Cannot be used when orthologous patterning gene are organizing obviously non-homologous structures in different organisms due for example to pleiotropic functions of these genes.
in syngeny relationship with
Homocracy that involves recognizably corresponding characters that occurs in two or more taxa, or as a repeated unit within an individual.
DOI:10.1002/1521-1878(200009)22:9<846::AID-BIES10>3.0.CO;2-R
Between-species paralogy that involves single copy paralogs resulting from reciprocal gene loss.
1:1 paralogy
apparent 1:1 orthology
apparent orthologous to
pseudoorthology
The genes are actually paralogs but appear to be orthologous due to differential, lineage-specific gene loss.
in apparent orthology relationship with
Between-species paralogy that involves single copy paralogs resulting from reciprocal gene loss.
Xenology that involves genes that ended up in a given genome as a result of a combination of vertical inheritance and horizontal gene transfer.
pseudoparalogous to
These genes may come out as paralogs in a single-genome analysis.
in pseudoparalogy relationship with
Xenology that involves genes that ended up in a given genome as a result of a combination of vertical inheritance and horizontal gene transfer.
Historical homology that involves functional equivalent genes with retention of the ancestral function.
equivalogous to
This may include examples of orthology, paralogy and xenology.
in equivalogy relationship with
Historical homology that involves functional equivalent genes with retention of the ancestral function.
Historical homology that involves orthologous pairs of interacting molecules in different organisms.
interologous to
in interology relationship with
Historical homology that involves orthologous pairs of interacting molecules in different organisms.
Similarity that is characterized by interchangeability in function.
functional similarity
in functional equivalence relationship with
Similarity that is characterized by interchangeability in function.
Biological homology that involves parts of the same organism.
iterative homologous to
in iterative homology relationship with
Biological homology that involves parts of the same organism.
Xenology that is characterized by multiple horizontal transfer events, resulting in the presence of two or more copies of the foreign gene in the host genome.
duplicate xenology
multiple xenology
paraxenologous to
in paraxenology relationship with
Xenology that is characterized by multiple horizontal transfer events, resulting in the presence of two or more copies of the foreign gene in the host genome.
Paralogy that is characterized by extra similarity between paralogous sequences resulting from concerted evolution.
plerologous to
This phenomenon is usually due to gene conversion process.
in plerology relationship with
Paralogy that is characterized by extra similarity between paralogous sequences resulting from concerted evolution.
Structural homology that involves structures with the same or similar relative positions.
homotopous to
Theissen (2005) mentions that some authors may consider homotopy to be distinct from homology, but this is not the standard use.
in homotopy relationship with
Structural homology that involves structures with the same or similar relative positions.
ISBN:0123195837
Biological homology that involves an ectopic structure and the normally positioned structure.
heterotopy
in homeosis relationship with
Biological homology that involves an ectopic structure and the normally positioned structure.
Synology that results from allopolyploidy.
homoeologous to
On a long term, it is hard to distinguish allopolyploidy from whole genome duplication.
in homoeology relationship with
Synology that results from allopolyploidy.
Iterative homology that involves two structures, one of which originated as a duplicate of the other and co-opted the expression of patterning genes of the ancestral structure.
axis paramorphism
in paramorphism relationship with
Iterative homology that involves two structures, one of which originated as a duplicate of the other and co-opted the expression of patterning genes of the ancestral structure.
Historical homology that involves orthologous pairs of transcription factors and downstream regulated genes in different organisms.
regulogous to
in regulogy relationship with
Historical homology that involves orthologous pairs of transcription factors and downstream regulated genes in different organisms.
has model
has brand
has notes
has start date
has end date
An experiment code is made of the name of serie plus year plus experiment number.
has experiment code
A planned process in which soil is mechanicaly mixed, stirred or overturned.
tillage
tillage process
A planned process in which soil is mechanicaly mixed, stirred or overturned.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tillage
https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=447
A planned process in which the agricultural field surface is shaped for ensuring that the depths and discharge variations over the agricultural field are relatively uniform.
land levelling
land levelling process
A planned process in which the agricultural field surface is shaped for ensuring that the depths and discharge variations over the agricultural field are relatively uniform.
http://www.fao.org/docrep/t0231e/t0231e08.htm
A planned process in which the thickness of crop residue on the surface of an agricultural field is managed.
crop residue management
residue management
crop residue management process
A planned process in which the thickness of crop residue on the surface of an agricultural field is managed.
agglossary.org/wiki/index.php?title=Residue_management
A planned process in which water is artificially supplied to plant or soil to sustain plants.
irrigation
irrigation process
A planned process in which water is artificially supplied to plant or soil to sustain plants.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigation
www.dictionary.com/browse/irrigation
A pruning process in which one or more suckers are removed.
desuckering
Which suckers are removed depends on the criteria set by the agent of the desuckering process.
desuckering process
A role that inheres in a water body that is realised in an irrigation process where water is transported from that water body to the target of the irrigation process.
irrigation water source role
A water body from which water is taken during an irrigation process and transported to the target of the irrigation process.
irrigation source
Quantity of water applied per irrigation operation.
irrigation depth
This definition is unclear. It is not clear what is being measured and what this data is about. see: https://github.com/AgriculturalSemantics/agro/issues/5
irrigation water quantity
A tillage process in which, approximately, less than 15 percent of the soil surface is covered by crop residue after planting.
conventional tillage
intensive tillage
tillage_technique
conventional tillage process
A tillage process in which, approximately, less than 15 percent of the soil surface is covered by crop residue after planting.
http://www.ctic.purdue.edu/resourcedisplay/322/
A tillage process in which between, approximately, 15 to 30 percent of the soil surface is covered by plant residue after planting.
reduced tillage
tillage_technique
reduced tillage process
A tillage process in which between, approximately, 15 to 30 percent of the soil surface is covered by plant residue after planting.
http://www.ctic.purdue.edu/resourcedisplay/322/
A tillage process in which a proportion of plant residue, left over after a harvesting process, is left relatively undisturbed on the tilled land; this is done in order to accomplish several conservation objectives including the maintenance of soil moisture content, the reduction of soil erosion and soil compaction, and/or the reduction of labour intensity and fuel consumption.
conservation tillage
tillage_technique
Usually 30 percent of soil surface covered by plant residue is neccessary to achieved conservation tillage.
conservation tillage process
A tillage process in which a proportion of plant residue, left over after a harvesting process, is left relatively undisturbed on the tilled land; this is done in order to accomplish several conservation objectives including the maintenance of soil moisture content, the reduction of soil erosion and soil compaction, and/or the reduction of labour intensity and fuel consumption.
http://www.ctic.purdue.edu/resourcedisplay/322/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tillage
A land levelling process in which a laser guided equipement is used to shape land surface.
laser land levelling
laser land levelling process
A land levelling process in which a laser guided equipement is used to shape land surface.
http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/ericeproduction/I.3_Land_levelling.htm
A pest control process in which physical means such as barriers, traps and handpicking, or physical conditions like high temperature, are used to control unwanted organisms.
mechanical pest control
mechanical pest control process
A pest control process in which physical means such as barriers, traps and handpicking, or physical conditions like high temperature, are used to control unwanted organisms.
http://articles.extension.org/pages/43637/what-is-mechanical-pest-control
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_pest_control
A pest control process in which organisms are employed to manage unwanted organisms.
biological control
biological pest control
biological pest control process
A pest control process in which organisms are employed to manage unwanted organisms.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_pest_control
https://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ent425/text19/biocontrol.html
A planned process in which unwanted organisms are controlled.
pest control
pest control process
A planned process in which unwanted organisms are controlled.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pest_control
A pest control process in which chemical is used to manage unwanted organisms.
chemical pest control
chemical pest control process
A planned process in which the useful part or parts of the plant are gathered.
harvest
harvesting
The usefulness of the part or parts of the plant depends on the criteria set by the agent of the harvesting process.
harvesting process
A planned process in which the useful part or parts of the plant are gathered.
http://www.fao.org/docrep/t0522e/T0522E05.htm
A planned process in which the soil is left undisturbed apart from where the seeds or planting material are placed.
zero tillage
No-till is often considered as being a conservation tillage process.
no-till
A planned process in which the soil is left undisturbed apart from where the seeds or planting material are placed.
http://www.vellag.com/articles/no-till-agriculture/
A planned process in which selected parts of the plant are removed. The practice entails targeted removal of diseased, damaged, dead, non-productive, structurally unsound, or otherwise unwanted tissue from plants. This is done in order to shape the plant or tree, improve plant or tree health, reduce the risk from falling branches, prepare nursery specimens for transplanting, and increase the yield or quality of harvested products.
pruning process
A planned process in which selected parts of the plant are removed. The practice entails targeted removal of diseased, damaged, dead, non-productive, structurally unsound, or otherwise unwanted tissue from plants. This is done in order to shape the plant or tree, improve plant or tree health, reduce the risk from falling branches, prepare nursery specimens for transplanting, and increase the yield or quality of harvested products.
http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6274
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pruning#Types_of_pruning
A tillage process in which saturated or near-saturated soil are worked into soft structureless mud, mainly for paddy rice production.
puddling
puddling process
A tillage process in which saturated or near-saturated soil are worked into soft structureless mud, mainly for paddy rice production.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tillage
A conservation tillage process in which non-inversion tillage tools that partially incorporate surface organic material are used on the entire surface of the field.
mulch tillage
mulch-till
A conservation tillage process in which non-inversion tillage tools that partially incorporate surface organic material are used on the entire surface of the field.
http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs143_025852.pdf
A conservation tillage process in which, in a land with permanent ridges, previous crop's residue is cleared off ridge-tops into adjacent furrows to make way for the new crop being planted on ridges.
ridge tillage
ridge-till
A conservation tillage process in which, in a land with permanent ridges, previous crop's residue is cleared off ridge-tops into adjacent furrows to make way for the new crop being planted on ridges.
http://www.mda.state.mn.us/protecting/conservation/practices/constillage.aspx
A conservation tillage process in which narrow strips are tilled where seeds will be planted, leaving the soil in between the rows untilled.
zone tillage
strip-till
A conservation tillage process in which narrow strips are tilled where seeds will be planted, leaving the soil in between the rows untilled.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tillage
A plant anatomical entity that is defined to mean plants or parts of plant capable of and intended for producing or reproducing entire plants.
plant reproductive material
A plant anatomical entity that is defined to mean plants or parts of plant capable of and intended for producing or reproducing entire plants.
http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/health_food-safety/pressroom/docs/proposal_aphp_en.pdf
A fertilizer that is derived from animal or vegetable matter, and contains a carbon-hydrogen linkage.
Organic fertilizer is sometime defined as being derived from natural sources including non-living organism sources like rock.
organic fertilizer
A fertilizer that is derived from animal or vegetable matter, and contains a carbon-hydrogen linkage.
http://www.newenglandisa.org/FunkHandoutsOrganicInorganicFertilizers.pdf
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/organic+fertilizer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_fertilizer
Organic fertilizer is sometime defined as being derived from natural sources including non-living organism sources like rock.
http://www.ext.colostate.edu/mg/gardennotes/234.html
A fertilizer that does not contain a carbon-hydrogen linkage.
inorganic fertilizer
A fertilizer that does not contain a carbon-hydrogen linkage.
http://www.newenglandisa.org/FunkHandoutsOrganicInorganicFertilizers.pdf
A role that inheres in an organism that is realized in an agricultural process where the organism is unwanted.
pest role
A plan specification which describes how a material entity is applied to another material entity.
application method
An application method in which a liquid material entity is applied by aircraft to an area.
aerial topdressing
crop dusting
aerial application
An application method in which a liquid material entity is applied by aircraft to an area.
http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/agri_nutrientmgt_methodsoffertilizerappln.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_application
https://prod.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs144p2_030755.pdf
An application method in which a material entity is applied in bands below, above, on one side, or on both sides of seeds or seedlings at planting.
banding
band application
An application method in which a material entity is applied in bands below, above, on one side, or on both sides of seeds or seedlings at planting.
http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edcomm/pdf/cis/cis0757.pdf
http://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/pesticide-safety/ppat_manual/Chapter%209.pdf
http://www.nasda.org/File.aspx?id=30530
A band application in which the material entity is applied after seeding or planting.
sidedress application
side dressing
A band application in which the material entity is applied after seeding or planting.
http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edcomm/pdf/cis/cis0757.pdf
An application method which specifies how a material entity is to be uniformly applied to an area.
broadcasting
broadcast application method
An application method which specifies how a material entity is to be uniformly applied to an area.
http://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/pesticide-safety/ppat_manual/Chapter%209.pdf
http://www.nasda.org/File.aspx?id=30530
A broadcast application in which fertilizer is applied to an area before planting or before seedling emergence.
fertilizer basal application
A broadcast application in which fertilizer is applied to an area before planting or before seedling emergence.
http://www.fao.org/ag/Agp/agpc/doc/tibetmanual/04_Mineral_nutrition.htm
A broadcast application in which a material entity is applied to an area after seedling emergence and establishment of plants.
topdress application
top dressing
A broadcast application in which a material entity is applied to an area after seedling emergence and establishment of plants.
http://www.fao.org/ag/Agp/agpc/doc/tibetmanual/04_Mineral_nutrition.htm
An application method in which a chemical entity is applied to the lower portions of plant stems or tree trunks just above the soil line.
chemical basal application
An application method in which a chemical entity is applied to the lower portions of plant stems or tree trunks just above the soil line.
http://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/pesticide-safety/ppat_manual/Chapter%209.pdf
An application method in which a water-soluble chemical is injected into water flowing through an irrigation system.
chemigation
An application method in which a water-soluble chemical is injected into water flowing through an irrigation system.
https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/irrigation/chemigation
An application method in which a material entity is applied at the time of sowing, and placed in contact with seeds.
combined drilling
drill placement
on the seed application
placed with seed application
pop-up application
seed placement
contact placement
An application method in which a material entity is applied at the time of sowing, and placed in contact with seeds.
http://agriinfo.in/?page=topic&superid=1&topicid=364
http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/agri_nutrientmgt_methodsoffertilizerappln.html
http://www.agprofessional.com/resource-centers/crop-fertility/micronutrients/news/Pop-up-fertilizers-What-you-need-to-know-254954281.html
http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edcomm/pdf/cis/cis0757.pdf
An application method in which the material entity is placed in the reduced soil layer.
subsurface placement
The material entity is often compacted into pellet or briquette before being placed into the soil.
The reduction soil layer is usually localized around 5 to 10 cm under the soil surface.
This application method is often used in paddy field.
deep placement
An application method in which a water-soluble fertilizer is injected into water flowing through an irrigation system.
fertigation
An application method in which a water-soluble fertilizer is injected into water flowing through an irrigation system.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertigation
An application method in which a liquid material entity is sprayed to the leafy portions of a plant.
foliar spray
foliar application
An application method in which a liquid material entity is sprayed to the leafy portions of a plant.
http://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/pesticide-safety/ppat_manual/Chapter%209.pdf
An application method in which the material entity is placed in a continuous band on the bottom of the furrow during the process of ploughing. Each band is covered as the next furrow is turned. The aim is to place the material entity in moist soil where it can become more available to growing plants.
plough sole placement
An application method in which the material entity is placed in a continuous band on the bottom of the furrow during the process of ploughing. Each band is covered as the next furrow is turned. The aim is to place the material entity in moist soil where it can become more available to growing plants.
https://books.google.fr/books?id=pZ0rVya6CW4C&pg=PA156&lpg=PA156&dq=Broadcast+incorporated+plough+sole+placement&source=bl&ots=89TNkPz-j-&sig=a59lhwk5TaKrRROry3ImNW6zhDE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjggPWP1anNAhXGWBoKHReIAGkQ6AEITDAJ#v=onepage&q&f=false
An application method in which a liquid material entity is conveyed from a reservoir to a rope or wick that is wiped into unwanted plants.
rope-wick treatment
wiper treatment
rope-wick application
An application method in which a liquid material entity is conveyed from a reservoir to a rope or wick that is wiped into unwanted plants.
http://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/pesticide-safety/ppat_manual/Chapter%209.pdf
http://www.google.com/patents/US4219964
An application method in which a material entity is appplied directly on seeds before seeding.
seed treatment
seed dressing
An application method in which a material entity is appplied directly on seeds before seeding.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed_treatment
An application method in which a material entity is injected under pressure beneath the soil surface.
soil injection
An application method in which a material entity is injected under pressure beneath the soil surface.
http://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/pesticide-safety/ppat_manual/Chapter%209.pdf
An application method in which a material entity is injected under the bark of trees.
tree injection
An application method in which a material entity is injected under the bark of trees.
http://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/pesticide-safety/ppat_manual/Chapter%209.pdf
A plan specification which describes how water is applied to plants or soil.
irrigation method
An irrigation process in which water is distributed under low pressure through a piped network, and is applied as a small discharge to each plant or adjacent to it.
localized irrigation
localized irrigation process
An irrigation process in which water is distributed under low pressure through a piped network, and is applied as a small discharge to each plant or adjacent to it.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigation
A localized irrigation process in which water is conveyed under pressure through a pipe system where it drips slowly onto the soil close to the plants.
drip irrigation
micro irrigation
trickle irrigation
drip irrigation process
A localized irrigation process in which water is conveyed under pressure through a pipe system where it drips slowly onto the soil close to the plants.
http://www.fao.org/docrep/s8684E/s8684e02.htm
A localized irrigation process in which water is distributed by diffusion and capillary action through the wall of buried unglazed clay pot.
pitcher irrigation
pitcher irrigation process
A localized irrigation process in which water is distributed by diffusion and capillary action through the wall of buried unglazed clay pot.
http://forest.mtu.edu/pcforestry/resources/studentprojects/pitcher/
A localized irrigation process in which water is conveyed under pressure through a buried pipe system where it drips slowly below the soil surface close to plants' roots.
SDI
subsurface drip irrigation
subsurface drip irrigation process
A localized irrigation process in which water is conveyed under pressure through a buried pipe system where it drips slowly below the soil surface close to plants' roots.
http://ag.arizona.edu/crop/irrigation/azdrip/SDI.htm
http://www.sswm.info/category/implementation-tools/water-use/hardware/optimisation-water-use-agriculture/subsurface-irrig
An irrigation process in which water is distributed through a buried piped network with a layer of geotextile on top. Geotextiles absorb the water from the drippers of the piped network and transport that water under the soil surface via mass flow and capillary action.
SSTI
subsurface textile irrigation
subsurface textile irrigation process
An irrigation process in which water is distributed through a buried piped network with a layer of geotextile on top. Geotextiles absorb the water from the drippers of the piped network and transport that water under the soil surface via mass flow and capillary action.
http://america.pink/subsurface-textile-irrigation_4206598.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsurface_textile_irrigation
An irrigation process in which water is distributed through a system of pipes, and is sprayed into the air through sprinklers so that it breaks up into small water drops which fall to the ground.
irrigation with sprinkler
sprinkler irrigation process
An irrigation process in which water is distributed through a system of pipes, and is sprayed into the air through sprinklers so that it breaks up into small water drops which fall to the ground.
www.fao.org/docrep/s8684e/s8684e06.htm
A sprinkler irrigation process in which water is dispersed through a long, segmented arm that revolves around a pivot point and covers a circular area.
center-pivot irrigation
central pivot irrigation
circle irrigation
waterwheel irrigation
center-pivot irrigation process
A sprinkler irrigation process in which water is dispersed through a long, segmented arm that revolves around a pivot point and covers a circular area.
http://www.dictionary.com/browse/center-pivot-irrigation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_pivot_irrigation
An irrigation process in which water is delivered to the plant root zone from below the soil surface.
seepage irrigation
sub-irrigation
subground irrigation process
subsurface irrigation
sub-irrigation process
An irrigation process in which water is delivered to the plant root zone from below the soil surface.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subirrigation
An irrigation process in which water is applied and distributed over the soil surface by gravity.
surface irrigation
surface irrigation process
An irrigation process in which water is applied and distributed over the soil surface by gravity.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_irrigation
A surface irrigation process in which water is applied into basins. Basins are flat areas of land surronded by low bunds.
bassin irrigation
Basin irrigation is suitable for crops that are unaffected by standing in water for long periods (e.g. 12-24 hours) like rice or some trees.
bassin irrigation process
A surface irrigation process in which water is applied into basins. Basins are flat areas of land surronded by low bunds.
http://www.fao.org/docrep/s8684E/s8684e02.htm
A bassin irrigation process in which basins are flooded during the entire growing season of plants.
coutinuous flooding
paddy irrigation
continuous flood process
A bassin irrigation process in which basins are flooded during the entire growing season of plants.
http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/step-by-step-production/growth/water-management
A surface irrigation process in which water is distributed to an area divided into borders. Borders are long, sloping strips of land separated by bunds. Water is applied to the top end of borders.
bay irrigation
border check irrigation
border irrigation
border strip irrigation
Borders are typically longer and narrower compared to basin irrigation.
border irrigation process
A surface irrigation process in which water is distributed to an area divided into borders. Borders are long, sloping strips of land separated by bunds. Water is applied to the top end of borders.
http://www.fao.org/docrep/s8684E/s8684e02.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_irrigation
A surface irrigation process in which water is carried into small channels called furrows down the land slope between the plant rows. Water is applied to the top end of each furrow and infiltrates into the soil as it moves along the slope channel.
furrow irrigation
furrow irrigation process
A surface irrigation process in which water is carried into small channels called furrows down the land slope between the plant rows. Water is applied to the top end of each furrow and infiltrates into the soil as it moves along the slope channel.
http://www.fao.org/docrep/T0231E/t0231e04.htm
http://www.fao.org/docrep/s8684E/s8684e02.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_irrigation
A surface irrigation process in which water is spread over a flat area without control over water flow or prior preparation.
uncontrolled flooding
wild flooding
uncontrolled flooding process
A surface irrigation process in which water is spread over a flat area without control over water flow or prior preparation.
http://www.fao.org/docrep/T0231E/t0231e04.htm
https://books.google.fr/books?id=DSvFRbtmb9EC&pg=PA66&lpg=PA66&dq=uncontrolled+flooding+irrigation&source=bl&ots=GZ1pAtoBYD&sig=SU-vFWGW5bKfmMr5q5ppV-6G-Wk&hl=en&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwjKibDIz6zNAhWGSBQKHa38ANgQ6AEIVTAM#v=onepage&q=uncontrolled%20flooding%20irrigation&f=false
https://irrigationmethods.wordpress.com/
A role that inheres in an organism that is realised in a pest control process where that organism is used to suppress unwanted organisms.
biological pest control agent role
A role that inheres in an environmental material that is realised in a land preparation process where that environmental material is applied to soil in order to neutralize soil acidity.
liming role
Plants that are grown to be tilled, or cut down to lay on top of the ground for the purpose of adding organic matter and nutrients to the soil.
green manure
Plants that are grown to be tilled, or cut down to lay on top of the ground for the purpose of adding organic matter and nutrients to the soil.
http://www.manytracks.com/Garden/GreenManure.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_manure
Animal manure that contains plant material, which has been used as bedding for animals and has absorbed the feces and urine.
FYM
barnyard manure
farmyard manure
Animal manure that contains plant material, which has been used as bedding for animals and has absorbed the feces and urine.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manure
An animal manure made of animal feces and urine with no or very little material used for animal bedding.
slurry manure
farm slurry
An animal manure made of animal feces and urine with no or very little material used for animal bedding.
http://articles.extension.org/pages/8920/slurry-manure-collection-and-handling-systems
An animal manure made of animal urine and sometimes waste water.
liquid manure
Organic matter mostly derived from animal feces which can be used as organic fertilizer in agriculture.
animal manure
Organic matter mostly derived from animal feces which can be used as organic fertilizer in agriculture.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manure
An animal manure that contains poultry excreta, spilled feed, feathers, and material used as bedding in poultry operations.
broiler litter
chicken litter
poultry litter
An animal manure that contains poultry excreta, spilled feed, feathers, and material used as bedding in poultry operations.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poultry_litter#Litter_amendments
An animal manure that contains solid waste from fishes often originateing from aquaculture operations.
fish manure
An animal manure that contains solid waste from fishes often originateing from aquaculture operations.
http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/fish-manure
https://www.fishnure.com/about-us/
An animal manure that is produced from ground-up whole fish or by-products mixed with water, and heated to remove oils and proteins.
fish emulsion
An animal manure that is produced from ground-up whole fish or by-products mixed with water, and heated to remove oils and proteins.
http://organicgardening.about.com/od/organicgardeningglossary/g/fishemulsion.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_emulsion
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_hydrolysate
An animal manure obtained by drying and grinding or otherwise treating fish or fish waste to which no other matter has been added.
fish meal
An animal manure obtained by drying and grinding or otherwise treating fish or fish waste to which no other matter has been added.
http://www.fao.org/wairdocs/tan/x5926e/x5926e01.htm
An animal manure made from whole fish or by-products put into water and cold-ground up.
fish hydrolysate
An animal manure made from whole fish or by-products put into water and cold-ground up.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_hydrolysate
The biomass remaining after pressing oil seeds to extract oil.
oil cake
The biomass remaining after pressing oil seeds to extract oil.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Press_cake
Dry, inert powder made from blood. Blood usually comes from cattle or hogs as a slaughterhouse by-product.
blood meal
Dry, inert powder made from blood. Blood usually comes from cattle or hogs as a slaughterhouse by-product.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_meal
The biomass remaining after sugarcane stalks are crushed to extract their juice.
bagasse
The biomass remaining after sugarcane stalks are crushed to extract their juice.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagasse
An agricultural environmental material that contains ground-biomass remaining after pressing oil seeds.
ground oil cake
oil meal
An oil meal that contains crushed cotton seeds from which oil has been removed.
cottonseed meal
An oil meal that contains crushed cotton seeds from which oil has been removed.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cottonseed_meal
An agricultural environmental material that contains ground dry alfalfa.
alfalfa meal
An agricultural environmental material that contains ground dry alfalfa.
http://www.feedipedia.org/node/275
A compost that contains the residual compost waste generated by mushroom production. It generally consists of a combination of wheat straw, dried blood, horse manure and ground chalk, composted together.
spent mushroom compost
A compost that contains the residual compost waste generated by mushroom production. It generally consists of a combination of wheat straw, dried blood, horse manure and ground chalk, composted together.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spent_mushroom_compost
Layer of material applied to the soil surface to conserve moisture, improve soil fertility, reduce weed growth, or enhance the visual appeal of the area.
mulch
Layer of material applied to the soil surface to conserve moisture, improve soil fertility, reduce weed growth, or enhance the visual appeal of the area.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulch
A mulch where plastic sheet is used to cover soil surface. Plants grow through slits or holes in thin plastic sheeting.
plastic mulch
A mulch where plastic sheet is used to cover soil surface. Plants grow through slits or holes in thin plastic sheeting.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulch
A mulch where textile material is used to covert the soil surface. The fabric itself can be made from synthetic or organic materials, sometimes from recycled sources.
landscape fabric
A mulch where textile material is used to covert the soil surface. The fabric itself can be made from synthetic or organic materials, sometimes from recycled sources.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscape_fabric
A mulch where shredded or entire piece of paper or newspaper cover the soil surface.
newspaper mulch
paper mulch
A mulch where lawn waste resulting from mowing are used to cover the soil surface.
grass clippings mulch
A mulch where lawn waste resulting from mowing are used to cover the soil surface.
http://www.ext.colostate.edu/mg/gardennotes/715.html
A mulch where pine needles are used to cover soil surface.
pine straw mulch
pine needles mulch
A mulch where pine needles are used to cover soil surface.
http://www.gardening.cornell.edu/factsheets/mulch/mulchland.html#wood
A mulch where straw is used to cover soil surface.
straw mulch
A mulch where straw is used to cover soil surface.
http://www.gardening.cornell.edu/factsheets/mulch/mulchland.html#wood
A mulch where foil is used to cover soil surface.
aluminum mulch
A mulch where stones are used to cover soil surface.
stone mulch
A mulch where tree leaves are used to cover soil surface.
leave mulch
A mulch where compost is used to cover soil surface.
compost mulch
A mulch where wood chips are used to cover soil surface. Wood chips are a byproduct of the pruning of trees.
wood chips mulch
A mulch where wood chips are used to cover soil surface. Wood chips are a byproduct of the pruning of trees.
http://www.gardening.cornell.edu/factsheets/mulch/mulchland.html#wood
A mulch where the outer corky bark layer of timber trees, shredded or not, are used to cover soil surface.
bark mulch
A mulch where the outer corky bark layer of timber trees, shredded or not, are used to cover soil surface.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulch#Bark_chips
A biological pest control process in which organisms that will help to manage pests are introduced to a new locale where they do not occur naturally.
classical biological pest control
importation
organisms importation process
A biological pest control process in which organisms that will help to manage pests are introduced to a new locale where they do not occur naturally.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_pest_control#Importation
A biological pest control process in which organisms that help to manage pests are released to boost the naturally occurring population.
augmentation
organisms augmentation process
A biological pest control process in which organisms that help to manage pests are released to boost the naturally occurring population.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_pest_control#Importation
A biological pest control process in which suitable habitat or food are provided to the naturally occurring population of organisms that help to manage pests.
conservation
organisms conservation process
A biological pest control process in which suitable habitat or food are provided to the naturally occurring population of organisms that help to manage pests.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_pest_control#Importation
A mechanical pest control process in which pests are killed.
destruction technique
mechanical pest destruction process
A mechanical pest control process in which pests are kept away.
exclusion technique
mechanical pest exclusion process
A mechanical pest control process in which pests are removed without being killed.
removal technique
mechanical pest removal process
A planned process in which a layer of material is apply to the soil surface to conserve moisture, improve soil fertility, reduce pests population and enhance the visual appeal of the area.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulch
mulching
mulching process
A planned process in which a liming material is applied to soil to reduce acidity.
liming
liming process
A planned process in which a liming material is applied to soil to reduce acidity.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liming
Seed soaked in water until the physical process of germination, the penetration of the root though the seed coat, has occurred.
wet seed
pregerminated seed
Piece of a plant, often piece of the stem or root, that is used for vegetative propagation.
plant cutting
Piece of a plant, often piece of the stem or root, that is used for vegetative propagation.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutting_(plant)
A shoot of a perennial plant.
ratoon
A shoot of a perennial plant.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ratoon
Organism used to pull agricultural implements.
draught animal
working animal
draft animal
horse
donkey
ox
steer
bull
camel
mule
buffalo
elephant
A mobile machine specifically designed to deliver a high tractive effort at slow speeds, and mainly used for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery used in agriculture or construction.
tractor
A mobile machine specifically designed to deliver a high tractive effort at slow speeds, and mainly used for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery used in agriculture or construction.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tractor
A tractor with one axle, self-powered and self-propelled. The operator usually walks behind it or rides the implement being towed.
two-wheel tractor
walking tractor
single-axle tractor
A tractor with one axle, self-powered and self-propelled. The operator usually walks behind it or rides the implement being towed.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-wheel_tractor
A tractor with two axles. Agricultural implements may be towed behind or mounted on the tractor, and the tractor may also provide a source of power if the implement is mechanized.
four-wheel tractor
two-axle tractor
A tractor with two axles. Agricultural implements may be towed behind or mounted on the tractor, and the tractor may also provide a source of power if the implement is mechanized.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tractor#Tractor_configurations
A roller armed with blunt spikes for dragging over newly plowed land to break the clods and render it fit for seeding.
clod crusher
A roller armed with blunt spikes for dragging over newly plowed land to break the clods and render it fit for seeding.
https://www.wordnik.com/words/clod-crusher
An implement that consists of many carbon steel or boron discs, which have many varying concavities and disc blade sizes and spacing and which are arranged into two or four sections. It is used to till the soil where crops are to be planted. It is also used to chop up unwanted weeds or crop remainders.
bladed harrow
disc plough
disk harrow
An implement that consists of many carbon steel or boron discs, which have many varying concavities and disc blade sizes and spacing and which are arranged into two or four sections. It is used to till the soil where crops are to be planted. It is also used to chop up unwanted weeds or crop remainders.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_harrow
An implement that cut, lift and reverse soil with a cutting depth of approximately 15 cm.
frame-plough
moldboard plow
turnplough
mouldboard plough
An implement that cut, lift and reverse soil with a cutting depth of approximately 15 cm.
http://lambangjaya.com/product/detail/mouldboard-plough.html
An implement that typically has only one thin blade with a sharpened tip, and is used to loosen and break up soil at depths about 30 cm.
flat lifter
mole plough
subsoiler
An implement that loosen and aerate soil without inverting or turning it.
chisel plough
An implement that loosen and aerate soil without inverting or turning it.
http://minosagri.com/chisel-plough
An implement that is used for plants, such as potatoes or scallions, which are grown buried in ridges of soil. A ridging plough has two mouldboards facing away from each other, cutting a deep furrow on each pass, with high ridges either side.
ridging plough
An implement that is used for plants, such as potatoes or scallions, which are grown buried in ridges of soil. A ridging plough has two mouldboards facing away from each other, cutting a deep furrow on each pass, with high ridges either side.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plough
An implement that is designed to cut the soil and turn it on its side, minimizing the damage to the earthworms, soil microorganism, and fungi.
need a more precise definition
spade plough
An implement that is designed to cut the soil and turn it on its side, minimizing the damage to the earthworms, soil microorganism, and fungi.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plough#Spade_plough
Board used in field with a total water coverage to shape field surface. Weight can be added to the board.
leveling board
levelling board
Bucket dragged by animal or tractor to shape soil surface. Bucket dimensions and capacity vary according to the available power source and field conditions.
drag bucket
drag scraper
leveling bucket
levelling bucket
Bucket dragged by animal or tractor to shape soil surface. Bucket dimensions and capacity vary according to the available power source and field conditions.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267641740_Laser_Guided_Land_Leveling_and_Grading_for_Precision_Farming
A bucket tracted by a tractor and controlled by a laser to shape soil surface. A laser transmitter transmits a laser beam, which is intercepted by the laser receiver mounted on the leveling bucket. The control panel mounted on the tractor interprets the signal from the receiver and raises or lowers the bucket.
laser-controlled bucket
A bucket tracted by a tractor and controlled by a laser to shape soil surface. A laser transmitter transmits a laser beam, which is intercepted by the laser receiver mounted on the leveling bucket. The control panel mounted on the tractor interprets the signal from the receiver and raises or lowers the bucket.
http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/ericeproduction/I.3_Land_levelling.htm
An implement consisting of a heavy framework having high numbers of steel tines on an harrow mat.
drag harrow
harrow
chain harrow
An implement consisting of a heavy framework having high numbers of steel tines on an harrow mat.
http://www.drag-harrow.com/
https://www.wordnik.com/words/harrow
An implement consisting of a heavy framework having several spikes or tines, and dragged by an animal or a tractor.
drag harrow
harrow
tine harrow
An implement consisting of a heavy framework having several spikes or tines, and dragged by an animal or a tractor.
http://www.drag-harrow.com/
https://www.wordnik.com/words/harrow
An implement used to distribute manure over a field. It usually consists of a trailer towed behind a tractor with a rotating mechanism driven by the tractor's power take off.
honey wagon
muck spreader
manure spreader
An implement used to distribute manure over a field. It usually consists of a trailer towed behind a tractor with a rotating mechanism driven by the tractor's power take off.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manure_spreader
An implement designed to inject slurry into the soil.
slurry injector
An implement designed to inject slurry into the soil.
http://www.pichonindustries.com/slurry-tanker/spreading/injectors
An implement that consists of a hopper, a metering unit, and a distribution device that uses centrifugal force to spread material like seeds, fertilizer granules, liming material, onto the soil surface.
broadcast seeder
centrifugal fertilizer spreader
broadcast spreader
An implement that consists of a hopper, a metering unit, and a distribution device that uses centrifugal force to spread material like seeds, fertilizer granules, liming material, onto the soil surface.
http://www.lsuagcenter.com/NR/rdonlyres/D9458BB7-D852-40B4-B434-5A6FC0C43E0E/3925/B868.pdf
A planned process in which seeds are applied on or into the soil.
direct seeding
seeding
sowing
sowing process
seeding process
A planned process in which seeds are applied on or into the soil.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowing
direct seeding
http://www.cropsreview.com/methods-of-planting.html
An implement that is used to spray liquid and that is fitted with a harness on the operator back.
knapsack sprayer
backpack sprayer
An implement that is used to spray liquid and is help in the hand. It usually has an air pump which compresses air into the tanks and pressurizes the liquid to spray.
hand sprayer
An implement that is used to spray liquid and is help in the hand. It usually has an air pump which compresses air into the tanks and pressurizes the liquid to spray.
https://www.google.com/patents/US8420070
An implement that uses a combination of air and liquid to deliver liquid material to the target.
It includes include nozzles that deliver spray droplets directly into a high-speed airstream. The air blast shatters the drops of lidquid material into fine droplets and transports them to the target.
airblast sprayer
An implement which is used to create well-defined grooves in the soil where some material like seeds or fertilizer can be placed at a proper depth.
furrow opener
An area density quality which inheres in liming material by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of liming material applied on a given surface area.
liming material area density
Plant material remaining on the field ground after harvesting, including leaves, stalks, roots.
crop residue
Plant material remaining on the field ground after harvesting, including leaves, stalks, roots.
https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=480
two or more crop plants planted in a line.
row
A site which is located between two rows of crop plants.
interrow
An area density quality which inheres in nitrogen by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of nitrogen applied in a given surface area.
nitrogen area density
An area density quality which inheres in phosphorus by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of phosphorus applied in a given surface area.
phosphorus total amount
phosphorus area density
Object with a tube shape used to carry irrigation water through the field
irrigation tube
An area density quality which inheres in sulfur by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of sulfur applied in a given surface area.
sulfur area density
An area density quality which inheres in chemical pest control material by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of chemical pest control material applied in a given surface area.
pesticide area density
chemical pest control material area density
An area density quality which inheres in nitrate by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of nitrate applied in a given surface area.
nitrate area density
An area density quality which inheres in ammonium by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of ammonium applied in a given surface area.
ammonium area density
An area density quality which inheres in calcium by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of calcium applied in a given surface area.
calcium area density
An area density quality which inheres in magnesium by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of magnesium applied in a given surface area.
magnesium area density
An area density quality which inheres in iron by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of iron applied in a given surface area.
iron area density
An area density quality which inheres in zinc by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of zinc applied in a given surface area.
zinc area density
An area density quality which inheres in copper by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of copper applied in a given surface area.
copper area density
An area density quality which inheres in boron by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of boron applied in a given surface area.
boron area density
An area density quality which inheres in molybdenum by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of molybdenum applied in a given surface area.
molybdenum area density
An area density quality which inheres in manganese by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of manganese applied in a given surface area.
manganese area density
An area density quality which inheres in chlorine by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of chlorine applied in a given surface area.
chlorine area density
A length quality which is equal to the length of the tillage tool that penetrate into the soil.
tillage depth
tillage tool blade length
A thickness quality which is equal to the distance betwenn the top of the mulch layer to the top of the soil layer.
mulch thickness
A color quality inhering in mulch.
mulch color
Small earth embankment which contain irrigation water within basins.
dyke
levee
ridge
bund
Small earth embankment which contain irrigation water within basins.
http://www.fao.org/docrep/s8684E/s8684e03.htm
An environmental material containing calcium and/or magnesium compounds and applied to soil in order to neutralize soil acidity.
liming material
An environmental material containing calcium and/or magnesium compounds and applied to soil in order to neutralize soil acidity.
http://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/nutrient-management/nutrient-lime-guidelines/liming-materials-for-minnesota-soils/
Form of overhead sprinkler irrigation consisting of several segments of pipe joined together and supported by trusses, mounted on wheeled towers with sprinklers positioned along its length. The machine moves in a circular pattern and is fed with water from the pivot point at the center of the circle.
central pivot irrigation machine
circle irrigation machine
waterwheel irrigation machine
center pivot irrigation machine
Form of overhead sprinkler irrigation consisting of several segments of pipe joined together and supported by trusses, mounted on wheeled towers with sprinklers positioned along its length. The machine moves in a circular pattern and is fed with water from the pivot point at the center of the circle.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_pivot_irrigation
Hydrological process in which water move through soil and permeable rocks.
percolation process in soil
Hydrological process in which water move through soil and permeable rocks.
http://kula.geol.wwu.edu/rjmitch/L8_soils_percolation.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percolation
An area density quality which inheres in fertilizer by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of fertilizer applied in a given surface area.
fertilizer area density
An area density quality which inheres in potassium by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of potassium applied in a given surface area.
potassium area density
An area density quality which inheres in seeds by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of the seeds sown on a given surface area.
seeding rate
sowing rate
seeding area density
A pest control process in wich extremely hot temperature are used to kill pest.
heat treatment
An area density quality which inheres in plant reproductive material by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of plant reproductive material planted in a given surface area.
planting rate
plant reproductive material area density
A pest control process in which extremely cold temperature are used to kill pest.
cold treatment
A mechanical pest control process in which the area being treated against pest is saturated with water at a depth of 15 to 30 cm for a period of 3 to 8 weeks.
flood treatment
A mechanical pest control process in which the soil is covered with a layer of clear or black plastic. The plastic that is covering the ground traps heat energy from the sun and raises the temperature of the soil killing pest.
soil solarization treatment
A mechanical pest control process in which the soil is covered with a layer of clear or black plastic. The plastic that is covering the ground traps heat energy from the sun and raises the temperature of the soil killing pest.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_solarization
A mechanical pest control process in which pest or area with pest are directly burned and flamed.
fire treatment
A mechanical pest control process in which steam is used to kill pest.
steam treatment
A mechanical pest process in which diatomaceous earth is used to kill pest. Diatomaceous earth is composed of finely ground skeletons of fossil diatoms. Sharp edges of the ground diatoms scratch the waxy or oily outer layer of soft-bodied insects, which die eventually from dehydration.
diatomaceous earth spreading
A mechanical pest process in which diatomaceous earth is used to kill pest. Diatomaceous earth is composed of finely ground skeletons of fossil diatoms. Sharp edges of the ground diatoms scratch the waxy or oily outer layer of soft-bodied insects, which die eventually from dehydration.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatomaceous_earth
A crop residue management process in which crop residues are burned in the field.
crop residue burning process
A crop residue management process in which crop residues are spread across the field.
crop residue spreading process
A land levelling process which uses animal drawn or tractor-drawn levelers.
traditional land levelling
traditional land levelling process
A mechanical pest removal process in which pests are physically caught.
trapping
trapping process
A mechanical pest removal process in which pests are physically caught.
http://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/pesticide-safety/ppat_manual/Chapter%201.pdf
A mechanical pest exclusion process in which barriers are used to prevent pest from getting into the area to be protected.
using barrier process
A mechanical pest exclusion process in which barriers are used to prevent pest from getting into the area to be protected.
http://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/pesticide-safety/ppat_manual/Chapter%201.pdf
A mechanical pest removal process in which unwanted organisms are removed by hands.
hand picking
hand pulling
hand picking process
A mechanical pest removal process in which a forceful stream of water is used to dislodge pests.
water pressure spraying process
A mechanical pest removal process in which a field vacuum is used to suck insects from plants.
insect vaccuming
insect vacuuming process
A cutting process in which the above ground of the plants are cut or shred. It can be used to reduce weed seed populations or restrict the growth of weeds.
mowing
mowing process
An implement that is used during a tillage process.
tillage implement
An implement that is used during a land levelling process.
land levelling implement
An implement that is used during a residue management process.
residue management implement
An implement that is used during a fertilization process.
agronomic fertilization implement
fertilization equipment
fertilization implement
An implement that is used during a transplanting process.
transplanting implement
A planned process in which a plant is moved from one location to be planted in another one.
replanting
transplanting
transplanting process
plant transplanting process
A planned process in which a plant is moved from one location to be planted in another one.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transplanting
An implement that is used in a planting process.
planting implement
A planned process in which a plant reproductive material is set into the soil.
planting process
An implement that is used during a sowing process.
seeding implement
sowing implement
An implement that is used during a chemical pest control process.
pesticide implement
chemical pest control implement
An implement that is used in an harvest process.
harvest implement
An implement that is used during a puddling process.
puddling implement
An implement that is used during a mulch process.
mulch implement
Source of energy used to pulled an implement.
implement traction source
A traction that uses only human power to use an implement.
human power
A traction that uses motorized power to pulled an implement.
motorized traction
A traction that uses animal power to pulled an implement.
animal traction
An equipment that is used during an irrigation process.
irrigation equipment
Protocol used to measure the area density of a material.
material area density mesurement protocol
Protocol in which the material is weighed with a scale. The weight of the material is then divided by the surface area over which the material is applied to obtain the area density of the material.
material weight per area measurement protocol
Protocol in which the volume of a material is mesured with a graduated container. The volume of the material is then divided by the surface area over which the material is applied to obtain the area density of the material.
material volume per area measurement protocol
Protocol in which the weight or the volume of the material is recorded from the packaging of the material. This value is then divided by the surface area over which the material is applied to obtain the area density of the material.
material area density recording
With a ruler measure the distance between the soil surface and the top of the mulch layer.
mulch thickness measurement protocol
With a ruler measure the distance between the center of two rows. The center of the rows is where the plant reproductive material has been planted.
interrow width measurement protocol
Measure the length of sprout with a steel tape.
sprout lenght measurement protocol
Measure the shortest distance between the water source and the entrance of the field with a measuring wheel.
water source distance measurement protocol
1.Weight a sample of the material. 2.Dry this sample. 3.Weight the dry sample. Moisture concentration = ((Ww-Wd)/Ww) x 100 in which : WW = wet weight of the sample, and Wd = weight of the sample after drying.
moisture concentration measurement protocol
Measure the distance between the soil surface and the top of a bund. Repeat this operation on multiple bunds, and average the results.
bund height measurement protocol
Measurement protocol in which the depth into the soil of an agricultural process is measured.
agricultural operation depth measurement protocol
agricultural process depth measurement protocol
Use of a penometer to measure the depth of the agricultural process.
agricultural process depth measurement protocol using a penometer
Use of a penometer to measure the depth of the agricultural process.
www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/download/1073/1225
Measure the length of the implement that goes into the soil to realize the agricultural process to knoe the depth of the agricultural process. For exemple, measure the length of the tool blade used for tillage to evaluate tillage depth.
implement lenght measurement protocol
Record the concentration of the chemical element of interest in the fertilizer used indicated on the fertilizer container.
chemical concentration in fertilizer recording protocol
Count the number of row that have been harvested.
harvested row counting protocol
Count the number of row that have been harvested.
How to count a row that have been partially harvested?
Count the number of plants using a quadrat. A quadrat is a frame of a know area. Set the quadrat on the soil and count the number of plants inside it. Repeat this observation as often as mentioned in your sampling protocol.
Total number of plants= [(total number of plants counted inside the quadrat during all the observations)/ (quadrat area)/(number of observation)]x field size.
plant population measurement protocol using quadrat
plant density measurement protocol using quadrat
Count the number of plants using a quadrat. A quadrat is a frame of a know area. Set the quadrat on the soil and count the number of plants inside it. Repeat this observation as often as mentioned in your sampling protocol.
Total number of plants= [(total number of plants counted inside the quadrat during all the observations)/ (quadrat area)/(number of observation)]x field size.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrat
Count the number of plants in a defined area.
Plant density= Total number of plants/ defined area
plant population simple measurement protocol
plant density simple measurement protocol
Protocol that describes how to count the number of plants in a known area.
plant population measurement protocol
plant density measurement protocol
Measure the distance between the beginning and the end of the row.
row length mesurement protocol
Protocol in which the lignin concentration of an environmental material is measured.
lignin concentration measurement protocol
Measure the lignin concentration following the acetylbromide method.
lignin concentration measurement protocol using acetylbromide
Measure the lignin concentration following the acetylbromide method.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12564795
Measure the lignin concentration following the acid detergent fiber method
ADF method
lignin concentration measurement protocol using acid detergent fiber
Measure the lignin concentration following the acid detergent fiber method
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12564795
Measure the lignin concentration with the thioglycolic acid method.
lignin concentration measurement protocol using thioglycolic acid
Measure the lignin concentration with the thioglycolic acid method.
https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/3268/PDF
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12564795
Measure the lignin concentration with the Klason method.
lignin concentration measurement Klason protocol
Measure the lignin concentration with the Klason method.
https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/3268/PDF
Measure the lignin concentration with the permanganate method.
lignin concentration measurement protocol using permanganate
Measure the lignin concentration with the permanganate method.
https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/3268/PDF
Measure the lignin concentration with the acid detergent lignin method.
ADL method
lignin concentration measurement protocol using acid detergent lignin
Measure the lignin concentration with the acid detergent lignin method.
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf981250q?journalCode=jafcau
A determination of organic carbon protocol that uses chromic acid to measure the oxidizable organic carbon in an environmental material.
wet oxidation method
walkley-black acid digestion method
walkley-black method
A determination of organic carbon protocol that uses chromic acid to measure the oxidizable organic carbon in an environmental material.
http://www.agvise.com/educational-articles/soil-organic-matter-a-choice-of-methods/
Method for the quantitative determination of organic nitrogen in chemical substance.
TKN method
total kjeldahl nitrogen
kjeldahl digestion
kjeldahl method
Method for the quantitative determination of organic nitrogen in chemical substance.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjeldahl_method
Protocol used to determine organic carbon content in environmental material according to the amount of CO2 released during combustion of the material.
dry combustion method
Protocol used to determine organic carbon content in environmental material according to the amount of CO2 released during combustion of the material.
http://agronomy.emu.ee/vol062/p6211.pdf
Protocol used to determine the content of organic nitrogen in environmental material.
determination of organic nitrogen in environmental material protocol
Protocol used to determine the content of organic carbon in environmental material.
determination of organic carbon protocol
LOI method
Protocol used to measure soil organic matter and soil organic carbon. The method is based upon measuring the weight loss from a dry soil sample when exposed to high temperatures (between 350°C and 600°C). The weight loss that occurs at this temperature is then correlated to oxidizable organic carbon.
weight loss on ignition method
Protocol used to measure soil organic matter and soil organic carbon. The method is based upon measuring the weight loss from a dry soil sample when exposed to high temperatures (between 350°C and 600°C). The weight loss that occurs at this temperature is then correlated to oxidizable organic carbon.
http://nofc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/bookstore_pdfs/21222.pdf
http://www.agvise.com/educational-articles/soil-organic-matter-a-choice-of-methods/
http://www2.hawaii.edu/~rsyost/Konare_etal_LOI2010.pdf
Record the speed of the tractor in the field.
Need to add a standard protocol to measure tractor speed, if it exists.
tractor speed recording protocol
Record the color of the mulch applied.
Need to add a standard protocol to measure the color of the mulch, if it exists.
mulch color recording protocol
Protocol in which the age of the transplant is determined by counting the number of days between the seeding date and the transplanting date.
transplant age counting protocol
Protocol in which the age of the transplant is determined by counting the number of days between the seeding date and the transplanting date.
http://extension.usu.edu/files/publications/publication/Horticulture_Vegetables_2015-02.pdf
http://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380787810_Opoku-Ameyaw%20et%20al.pdf
Measure the distance between the soil surface and the top of the irrigation equipment buried in soil.
irrigation equipment depth measurement protocol
Tie a small but heavy weight to the end of a piece of string. Lower the weight into the well until it reaches the bottom. Take up the slack and mark the string at ground level. Pull the weight out of the well and measure from the bottom of the weight to the ground level mark. This is the depth of the well.
well depth measurement protocol
Tie a small but heavy weight to the end of a piece of string. Lower the weight into the well until it reaches the bottom. Take up the slack and mark the string at ground level. Pull the weight out of the well and measure from the bottom of the weight to the ground level mark. This is the depth of the well.
http://inspectapedia.com/water/Well_Depth.php
Measure the lenght of the pivot.
pivot lenght measurement protocol
Measure the lenght of the pivot.
Need a formal definition
Record the number of pest control agent released per surface area.
pest control agent released density recording protocol
Record the quantity of water used for irrigation.
irrigation water quantity recording protocol
Protocol in which the rapidity at which water moves through soil is measured.
percolation test protocol
Protocol in which the rapidity at which water moves through soil is measured.
http://greywateraction.org/contenthow-do-percolation-test/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percolation_test
Protocol that describes how to measure a field area.
area measurement protocol
Measure the field area in the field.
area direct measurement
GIS
Measure the field area using a map (paper or electronic format).
area measurement using cartography
Record the information giving by a person that knows the field area (farmer, field owner).
area recording protocol
Protocol that describes how to measure the percentage of soil coverage by environmental material like mulch or crop residue.
soil coverage by environmental material measurement protocol
Assess visually the percentage of soil covered by environmental material.
soil coverage visual assessment protocol
Measure the percentage of soil covered by environmental material by counting the environmental material using quadrat, rope with knots or other devices.
soil coverage manual measurement protocol
Use GIS to measure the percentage of soil covered by environmental material.
soil coverage measurement using GIS
Add all the quantities of the environmental material of interest applied over a specified period.
total quantity of environmental material used compute protocol
Protocol that describes how to measure the percentage of incorporation in soil of an environmental material.
environmental material incorporation percentage measurement protocol
Assess visually the percentage of environmental material that has been buried into soil during the incorporation process.
incorporation percentage visual assessment
Use GIS to measure the percentage of environmental material that has been buried into soil during the incorporation process.
incorporation percentage measurement using GIS
Measure the percentage of environmental material that has been buried into soil by counting the environmental material using quadrat, rope with knots or other devices befor and after the incorporation process.
incorporation percentage manual measurement
An area quality inhering in a farm.
farm area
An area quality inhering in a field.
field area
A site within which an agricultural experimental process is conducted
This should be harmonized with statistical plot designs, perhaps with STATO
agricultural experimental plot
A site within which an agricultural experimental process is conducted
http://www.fao.org/wairdocs/ilri/x5546e/x5546e0a.htm
An area quality inhering in a plot.
plot area
A block is a relatively large area or several identical units receiving all or most of the treatments. A collection of plots is called a block.
block
A block is a relatively large area or several identical units receiving all or most of the treatments. A collection of plots is called a block.
http://www.fao.org/wairdocs/ilri/x5546e/x5546e0a.htm
Number of block used for an experiment.
number of blocks
Number of plot used during an experiment.
number of plots
A length quality that inheres in the smallest unit of an experiment.
plot length
A width entity that inheres in the smallest unit of an experiment.
plot width
A rounded container used to cultivate plant.
pot
A rounded container used to cultivate plant.
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/pot
Number of pot used during an experiment.
number of pots
Distance between the top and the bottom of a pot.
pot height
Number of row in a specified area.
number of rows
A width entity that inheres in some row.
row width
A length quality that is the distance between the beginning and the end of a row.
row length
Distance quality that represents the distance between two plots.
plot spacing
Distance between two rows.
interrow
space between rows
row spacing
Distance between two hills.
hill spacing
Average distance between plants in a same row.
space between plants in row
plant spacing in a row
Orientation of the rows in a field.
row orientation
Orientation of the plots in a field.
plot orientation
Replication is the repetition of the set of all the treatment combinations used in an experiment.
replication
Replication is the repetition of the set of all the treatment combinations used in an experiment.
http://www.stat.yale.edu/Courses/1997-98/101/expdes.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replication_(statistics)
1
A process during which some material is applied to a subject
treatment
A process during which some material is applied to a subject
http://www.fao.org/wairdocs/ilri/x5546e/x5546e0a.htm
Number of treatments tested during an experiment.
number of treatments
Number of replications in an experiment.
number of replicates
number of replications
A crop is any cultivated plant, fungus, or alga that is harvested for food, clothing, livestock,fodder, biofuel, medicine, or other uses
crop
A crop is any cultivated plant, fungus, or alga that is harvested for food, clothing, livestock,fodder, biofuel, medicine, or other uses
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crop
Number of different crop used in an experiment.
number of crops
Number of crops cultivated at the same time during the previous year in the field where the experiment is done.
number of crops previously cultivated
Orientation of the slope
slope orientation
An experimental design that enables an additional factor or treatment to be included at more than one level; each plot is split into two or more parts.
split plot design
An experimental design that enables an additional factor or treatment to be included at more than one level; each plot is split into two or more parts.
http://www.fao.org/wairdocs/ilri/x5546e/x5546e0a.htm#7.5.4 split plot arrangement
An experimental design in which the desired precision for measuring the interaction effect between the two factors is higher than that for measuring the main effect of either one of the two factors. This is accomplished with the use of three plot sizes :
1. Vertical strip plot for the first factor – vertical factor
2. Horizontal strip plot for the second factor – horizontal factor
3. Interaction plot for the interaction between 2 factors
split block design
strip plot design
An experimental design in which the desired precision for measuring the interaction effect between the two factors is higher than that for measuring the main effect of either one of the two factors. This is accomplished with the use of three plot sizes :
1. Vertical strip plot for the first factor – vertical factor
2. Horizontal strip plot for the second factor – horizontal factor
3. Interaction plot for the interaction between 2 factors
https://books.google.fr/books?id=PVN7_XRhpdUC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
An experimental design in which two or more factors, each with discrete possible values or "levels", and whose experimental units take on all possible combinations of these levels across all such factors. That is, the design provides information on the average effect of the individual factors as well as the interaction between these two factors.
factorial design
An experimental design in which two or more factors, each with discrete possible values or "levels", and whose experimental units take on all possible combinations of these levels across all such factors. That is, the design provides information on the average effect of the individual factors as well as the interaction between these two factors.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorial_experiment
An experimental design in which the treatments are assigned completely at random so that each experimental unit has the same chance of receiving any one treatment. Any difference among experimental units receiving the same treatment is considered as experimental error. Hence, it is appropriate only for experiments with homogeneous experimental units, such as laboratory experiments, where environmental effects are relatively easy to control.
CRD
completely randomized design
An experimental design in which the treatments are assigned completely at random so that each experimental unit has the same chance of receiving any one treatment. Any difference among experimental units receiving the same treatment is considered as experimental error. Hence, it is appropriate only for experiments with homogeneous experimental units, such as laboratory experiments, where environmental effects are relatively easy to control.
http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/X6831E/X6831E07.htm
An experimental design in which the blocks should be composed of plots that are as homogeneous as possible. Further, blocks in the same replication should be as near as possible to maximize the variation among replication. These incomplete blocks are combined into groups that form separate, complete replications.
lattice design
An experimental design in which the blocks should be composed of plots that are as homogeneous as possible. Further, blocks in the same replication should be as near as possible to maximize the variation among replication. These incomplete blocks are combined into groups that form separate, complete replications.
https://books.google.fr/books?id=PVN7_XRhpdUC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
An experimental design in which each treatment is included only once and is near to a control treatment. A control treatment is usually either a common practice or no practice.
replicated control design
An experimental design in which each treatment is included only once and is near to a control treatment. A control treatment is usually either a common practice or no practice.
http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/sag3024
An experimental design in which basic farming practices are compared using demonstration strips on a farm field. Usually the comparison is between two to four treatments, up to a maximum of 10 and each treatment is included only once.
demonstration strip design
An experimental design in which basic farming practices are compared using demonstration strips on a farm field. Usually the comparison is between two to four treatments, up to a maximum of 10 and each treatment is included only once.
http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/sag3024
A lattice design in which the number of treatment must be a perfect square. Blocks per replicate and plots per block are equal, and are the square root of the number of treatments.
square lattice design
A lattice design in which the number of treatment must be a perfect square. Blocks per replicate and plots per block are equal, and are the square root of the number of treatments.
http://www.iasri.res.in/iasriwebsite/DESIGNOFEXPAPPLICATION/Electronic-Book/Module%202/4LATTICE%20Designs.pdf
A lattice design that is a resolvable incomplete block design where the number of treatments or block size does not meet the strict requirements for one of the lattice designs. Also the number of entries is a multiple of block size.
alpha lattice design
A lattice design that is a resolvable incomplete block design where the number of treatments or block size does not meet the strict requirements for one of the lattice designs. Also the number of entries is a multiple of block size.
http://libcatalog.cimmyt.org/download/agris/62983.pdf
http://www.worldessaysj.com/files_site/paperlist/r_16_130802114356.pdf
The landform refers to the shape of the land surface in the area in which the agronomic trial site is located.
higher-level landform
The landform refers to the shape of the land surface in the area in which the agronomic trial site is located.
http://www.fao.org/docrep/019/a0541e/a0541e.pdf
Description of the geomorphology of the immediate surroundings of the experimental site.
agronomic land element
Description of the geomorphology of the immediate surroundings of the experimental site.
http://www.fao.org/docrep/019/a0541e/a0541e.pdf
The grade of a physical feature, landform or constructed line refers to the tangent of the angle of that surface to the horizontal.
environmental feature gradient
environmental feature slope
slope inclination
environmental feature grade
The grade of a physical feature, landform or constructed line refers to the tangent of the angle of that surface to the horizontal.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grade_(slope)
A factor of an experiment is a controlled independent variable; a variable whose levels are set by the experimenter. A factor is a general type or category of treatments. Different treatments constitute different levels of a factor.
experimental factor
A factor of an experiment is a controlled independent variable; a variable whose levels are set by the experimenter. A factor is a general type or category of treatments. Different treatments constitute different levels of a factor.
http://www.stat.yale.edu/Courses/1997-98/101/expdes.htm
Constraint known to affect the experiment or the crop performances.
experimental constraint
A plan specification that states how treatments are allocated to the experimental units during an agronomic trial. It refers to the conceptual framework within which the experiment is conducted.
agronomic experimental design
A plan specification that states how treatments are allocated to the experimental units during an agronomic trial. It refers to the conceptual framework within which the experiment is conducted.
http://www.simplypsychology.org/experimental-designs.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_of_experiments
https://www.okstate.edu/ag/agedcm4h/academic/aged5980a/5980/newpage2.htm
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Unexpected event arrived during the experiment.
complication during the experiment
A complication with the equipement used during the experiment.
equipement complication
A complication with a person or a group of people working on the experiement.
personel complication
Percentage of the area of the experiment damaged due to a complication during the experiment.
percent of experiment area damaged
A planned process in which an analysis of soil is performed to determine soil characteristics.
soil analysis
soil test
soil analysis process
A planned process in which an analysis of soil is performed to determine soil characteristics.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_test
Pattern used to plant crop in field.
planting distribution
Planting is done on flat-top circular mounds.
hill distribution
Planting is done in lines.
row distribution
Planting distribution where the crop zone and the traffic lanes (wheel tracks or furrows) are distinctly and permanently separated. Soil is moved from the traffic lanes and added to the crop zone, slightly raising the surface level of the crop zone
raised bed planting
row on bed distribution
Planting is done on all the field surface.
uniform distribution
Shape quality that refers to the general shape of a slope in both vertical and horizontal directions.
slope form
slope shape
Shape quality that refers to the general shape of a slope in both vertical and horizontal directions.
FAO, 1990
Maximum length of an agromical field.
field maximum length
An observation post where weather conditions and meteorological data are observed and recorded and reported.
weather station
An observation post where weather conditions and meteorological data are observed and recorded and reported.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/weather%20station
Distance between the ground and the temperature sensor.
temperature sensor siting height
Distance between the ground and the wind speed sensor.
wind speed sensor siting height
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Location where the experiment is implemented.
experimental site
Experimental site in which the experiment is implemented on the field of a farmer.
farmer field
Experimental site in which the experiment is done in a the field of a research station.
experimental station field
research station field
An experimental site in which the experiment is performed in a structure with walls and roof made chiefly of transparent material, such as glass, with the possibility to regulate climatic conditions.
hothouse
screenhouse
glasshouse
greenhouse
An experimental site in which the experiment is performed in a structure with walls and roof made chiefly of transparent material, such as glass, with the possibility to regulate climatic conditions.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse
Experimental site where the experiment is done in a forest owned by a government.
governmental forest
Experimental site where the experiment is done in a private forest.
private forest
Elevation above the sea level of the experimental site.
experimental site elevation
experimental site altitude
Elevation above the sea level of the experimental site.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitude
Elevation above sea level of the weather station.
weather station altitude
Elevation above sea level of the weather station.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitude
A planned process in which a procedure is carried out to support, refute, or validate a hypothesis.
This class is relevant to more than the agronomy domain. It should be replaced by a class in a more general ontology of experiments
trial
experiment
A planned process in which a procedure is carried out to support, refute, or validate a hypothesis.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experiment
An experiment in which a scientific method is implemented for testing certain agricultural phenomena.
agronomic experiment
agricultural experiment
A person engaged in agriculture, raising living organisms for food or raw materials.
farmer
A person engaged in agriculture, raising living organisms for food or raw materials.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmer
A person who conducts research.
scientist
researcher
A person who conducts research.
https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/researcher
A person that is enrolled or attends classes at a school, college, or university.
intern
student
A person that is enrolled or attends classes at a school, college, or university.
www.thefreedictionary.com/student
A person that works in a research station.
research station employee
A person that is employed by the government to assist people in rural areas with methods of farming and home economics.
extension agent
A person that is employed by the government to assist people in rural areas with methods of farming and home economics.
www.thefreedictionary.com/extension+agent
A person that is an educator who works at a college or university.
faculty member
A person that is an educator who works at a college or university.
www.thefreedictionary.com/faculty+member
Roled performed by a person during an experiment.
person role within the experiment
A person that has a role of collecting data related to the experiment.
data collector
A person that is the holder of an independent grant and the lead researcher for the grant project.
principal investigator
A person that is the holder of an independent grant and the lead researcher for the grant project.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_investigator
A person that has a role of managing the experiment.
Need a better definiton that highlights the differences with the principal investigator.
experiment manager
A person that has a role of performing the operations required to run the experiment in the field.
field laborer
An object to be used by hand to plough soil.
hand plough
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Vegetation maintained in purpose on and at the border of an agronomic experimental field.
Vegetation maintained on an experimental field
Strip of flowers established at the edge of the field.
flower strip
Strip of flowers established at the edge of the field.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cobi.12536/full
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Type of vegetation surrounding an agronomic experimental site
vegetation surronding an experimental site
Slope on which terraces have been build.
terraced
Slope shape irregular.
irregular shape
An agricultural field that is set aside for a period of time before it is cultivated again; or an agricultral field that is under permanent crops, meadows or pastures and that is not being used for such purposes for a period of at least one year.
fallow land
An agricultural field that is set aside for a period of time before it is cultivated again; or an agricultral field that is under permanent crops, meadows or pastures and that is not being used for such purposes for a period of at least one year.
https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=933
Strips of land along the borders of crop fields. It also include vegetative strips adjacent
to roads, paths, railways, hedgerows and forest boundaries.
field margin
Strips of land along the borders of crop fields. It also include vegetative strips adjacent
to roads, paths, railways, hedgerows and forest boundaries.
http://www.xerces.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/landscape-enhancement-of-floral-resources-for-honey-bees-in-agro-ecosystems.pdf
Tool for loosening compacted soil layers 12 to 16 inches (30 to 40 cm) deep and still maintain high surface residue levels.
paraplow
paraplough
Tool for loosening compacted soil layers 12 to 16 inches (30 to 40 cm) deep and still maintain high surface residue levels.
https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs144p2_030994.pdf
Tillage tool that stirs and pulverizes the soil, either before planting (to aerate the soil and prepare a smooth, loose seedbed) or after the crop has begun growing (to kill weeds—controlled disturbance of the topsoil close to the crop plants kills the surrounding weeds by uprooting them, burying their leaves to disrupt their photosynthesis, or a combination of both). Cultivator is designed to disturb the soil in careful patterns, sparing the crop plants but disrupting the weeds. Cultivator teeth work near the surface.
cultivator
Tillage tool that stirs and pulverizes the soil, either before planting (to aerate the soil and prepare a smooth, loose seedbed) or after the crop has begun growing (to kill weeds—controlled disturbance of the topsoil close to the crop plants kills the surrounding weeds by uprooting them, burying their leaves to disrupt their photosynthesis, or a combination of both). Cultivator is designed to disturb the soil in careful patterns, sparing the crop plants but disrupting the weeds. Cultivator teeth work near the surface.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultivator
A disk harrow with disc blades arranged into four sections.
tandem disc harrow
A disk harrow with disc blades arranged into four sections.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_harrow
A disk harrow with disc blades arranged into two sections.
offset disc harrow
A disk harrow with disc blades arranged into two sections.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_harrow
A sowing device that positions seeds in the soil and then covers them. The seed drill sows the seeds at equal distances and proper depth, ensuring that the seeds get covered with soil.
drill seeder
seed drill
A sowing device that positions seeds in the soil and then covers them. The seed drill sows the seeds at equal distances and proper depth, ensuring that the seeds get covered with soil.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed_drill
A seeding implement that consists of a seed drum, main shaft, ground wheel, floats, and handle. Joining smaller ends of frustum of cones makes the seed drum.
paddy drum seeder
drum seeder
A seeding implement that consists of a seed drum, main shaft, ground wheel, floats, and handle. Joining smaller ends of frustum of cones makes the seed drum.
drum.http://www.kvkimphalwest.org/images/paddy-drum-seeder.pdf
An agricultural hand tool ade of a blade set to an handle and used to shape the soil, control weeds, clear soil, and harvest root crops.
hoe
An agricultural hand tool ade of a blade set to an handle and used to shape the soil, control weeds, clear soil, and harvest root crops.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoe_(tool)
A seed drill that consists of a seed box attached to the mainframe of a hand wheel hoe. A fluted roller assembly is provided at the bottom of the seed box. Fluted roller is rotated with the help of
chain and sprockets from the ground wheel.
manual oilseed drill
A seed drill that consists of a seed box attached to the mainframe of a hand wheel hoe. A fluted roller assembly is provided at the bottom of the seed box. Fluted roller is rotated with the help of
chain and sprockets from the ground wheel.
http://agricoop.nic.in/dacdivision/Machinery1/chap2a.pdf
A curved metal bar used to open the soil before putting the seed into the soil.
tyne opener planter
A curved metal bar used to open the soil before putting the seed into the soil.
http://agricoop.nic.in/dacdivision/Machinery1/chap2a.pdf
Manually operated device for creating a conical cavity in the soil for sowing of seeds. It consists of a wooden round stick with one end having a sheet metal cone. The other end is provided with a handgrip.
dibbling stick
Manually operated device for creating a conical cavity in the soil for sowing of seeds. It consists of a wooden round stick with one end having a sheet metal cone. The other end is provided with a handgrip.
http://agricoop.nic.in/dacdivision/Machinery1/chap2a.pdf
Manually operated hand tool which consists of a seed hopper, cell roller for metering of seeds, spring actuated jaws for penetration in the soil, pipe and handle.
naveen dibbler
Manually operated hand tool which consists of a seed hopper, cell roller for metering of seeds, spring actuated jaws for penetration in the soil, pipe and handle.
http://agricoop.nic.in/dacdivision/Machinery1/chap2a.pdf
An tool made of mild steel flat or leaf spring by forging operation. The working end is flattened and edge made sharp for easy penetration in the soil.
hand dibbler
An tool made of mild steel flat or leaf spring by forging operation. The working end is flattened and edge made sharp for easy penetration in the soil.
http://agricoop.nic.in/dacdivision/Machinery1/chap2a.pdf
Manually operated push device for dibbling of medium and bold size seeds. It consists of a rotating dibbling head with penetrating jaws, covering-cum-transport wheel, seed hopper with cell wooden roller and a handle.
rotary dibbler
Manually operated push device for dibbling of medium and bold size seeds. It consists of a rotating dibbling head with penetrating jaws, covering-cum-transport wheel, seed hopper with cell wooden roller and a handle.
http://agricoop.nic.in/dacdivision/Machinery1/chap2a.pdf
Manually operated hand tool that consists of cutter head having semicircular blades connected to pipe with the help of clamp and flange. The connecting pipe is further connected to a handle.
earth auger
Manually operated hand tool that consists of cutter head having semicircular blades connected to pipe with the help of clamp and flange. The connecting pipe is further connected to a handle.
http://agricoop.nic.in/dacdivision/Machinery1/chap2a.pdf
A flat and circular piece of metal used to open the soil before putting the seed into the soil.
single disc opener planter
A flat and circular piece of metal used to open the soil before putting the seed into the soil.
http://agricoop.nic.in/dacdivision/Machinery1/chap2a.pdf
Double flat and circular piece of metal used to open the soil before putting the seed into the soil.
double disck opener planter
Double flat and circular piece of metal used to open the soil before putting the seed into the soil.
http://agricoop.nic.in/dacdivision/Machinery1/chap2a.pdf
Irrigation method based on manual intervention.
manual irrigation
Irrigation method with no or just a minimum of manual intervention beside the surveillance. Almost every system can be automated with help of timers, sensors or computers or mechanical appliances.
automatic irrigation
Irrigation method with no or just a minimum of manual intervention beside the surveillance. Almost every system can be automated with help of timers, sensors or computers or mechanical appliances.
http://www.sswm.info/content/automatic-irrigation
An application method in which a material entity is placed into the soil in holes made with a pointed implement.
precision seeding
dibbling
An application method in which a material entity is placed into the soil in holes made with a pointed implement.
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/dibbling
An application method in which seeds are uniformlyplaced into shallow furrows before closing the furrows.
line sowing
drilling
An application method in which seeds are uniformlyplaced into shallow furrows before closing the furrows.
http://www.culturalecology.info/ancillary/seed_machines_files/sowingseeds.htm
line sowing
http://agriinfo.in/default.aspx?page=topic&superid=1&topicid=337
1
1
agricultural implement
Vertical arrangement of plants in a field.
column
Total quantity of fertilizer applied in a given surface area during a cropping season.
fertilizer area density over a cropping season
soil profile altitude
A planned process in which grazing animals on pasture are managed by humans.
http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3367
regulation of grazing
A planned process in which grazing animals on pasture are managed by humans.
http://extension.psu.edu/agronomy-guide/cm/sec8/sec810l
Grazing management system developped by Allan Savory. The system is based on a rotational grazing system but doing so at high densities for short intervals. Livestock is used as a tool to increase soil fertility and plant life. Incorporating plant organic matter and manure into the soil promotes the recycling of nutrients.
holistic grazing
holistic planned grazing
Grazing management system developped by Allan Savory. The system is based on a rotational grazing system but doing so at high densities for short intervals. Livestock is used as a tool to increase soil fertility and plant life. Incorporating plant organic matter and manure into the soil promotes the recycling of nutrients.
http://savory.global/assets/docs/evidence-papers/about-holistic-planned-grazing.pdf
http://www2.ca.uky.edu/grazer/July11_Holistic.php
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holistic_management_(agriculture)
A grazing management method that involves moving livestock at least daily between small paddocks, sized to match the number of grazing animals, and split by fence. The goal is for every plant in the grazing cell to be either eaten or walked on and trampled. Grass in each paddock then rests for 60-120 days or more.
ultra-high density grazing
mob grazing
A grazing management method that involves moving livestock at least daily between small paddocks, sized to match the number of grazing animals, and split by fence. The goal is for every plant in the grazing cell to be either eaten or walked on and trampled. Grass in each paddock then rests for 60-120 days or more.
https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/ia/newsroom/features/?cid=stelprdb1186272
ultra-high density grazing
http://www2.ca.uky.edu/grazer/April_2013_Grazing_Systems.php
A grazing management system in which the land is subdivided or sectioned off into smaller areas, sometimes called paddocks. The livestock are moved from one paddock to another in order to best promote plant health and growth.
http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6663
rotational grazing
A grazing management system in which the land is subdivided or sectioned off into smaller areas, sometimes called paddocks. The livestock are moved from one paddock to another in order to best promote plant health and growth.
http://forages.oregonstate.edu/nfgc/eo/onlineforagecurriculum/instructormaterials/availabletopics/grazing/types
A grazing management system in which livestock have unrestricted access to the pasture area throughout the grazing season.
http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36542
continuous grazing
A grazing management system in which livestock have unrestricted access to the pasture area throughout the grazing season.
www.sheep101.info/201/grazingsystems.html
A system of grazing which confined animals to a strip or small part of the field for rapid grazing in a short time period.. The rest of the field is protected by a temporary fence, usually electric.
http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7456
strip grazing
A system of grazing which confined animals to a strip or small part of the field for rapid grazing in a short time period.. The rest of the field is protected by a temporary fence, usually electric.
http://forages.oregonstate.edu/nfgc/eo/onlineforagecurriculum/instructormaterials/availabletopics/grazing/types
http://oek1.fao.org/skosmos/agrovoc/en/page/?uri=http%3A%2F%2Faims.fao.org%2Faos%2Fagrovoc%2Fc_7456&clang=en
A rotational grazing management system that implies many paddocks are utilized and livestock are moved on a frequent basis. It provides more stable production during poor growing conditions, greater yield, higher quality, decreased weed and erosion, and uniform soil fertility levels.
MIG
Voisin grazing management
management intensive grazing
intensive rotational grazing
A rotational grazing management system that implies many paddocks are utilized and livestock are moved on a frequent basis. It provides more stable production during poor growing conditions, greater yield, higher quality, decreased weed and erosion, and uniform soil fertility levels.
http://forages.oregonstate.edu/nfgc/eo/onlineforagecurriculum/instructormaterials/availabletopics/grazing/types
MIG
http://tropicalgrazinginstitute.org/our-work/
Voisin grazing management
http://tropicalgrazinginstitute.org/our-work/
management intensive grazing
http://tropicalgrazinginstitute.org/our-work/
An intensive rotational grazing system in which livestock is allowed to graze for a limited time, leaving a leafy stubble, and then is moved to another area.
http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5497
controlled grazing
An intensive rotational grazing system in which livestock is allowed to graze for a limited time, leaving a leafy stubble, and then is moved to another area.
http://articles.extension.org/pages/19432/goat-pastures-strip-grazing
Intensive grazing system in which the field is divided into many small plots of equal size. Grasses are raised with application of large quantities of nitrogenous fertilizers. The livestock are divided into three groups : high, medium and low yeilders. They are let into the paddock by rotation so that the opportunity for grazing most nutritious immature grasses goes to the high yielders followed by medium producers and lastly low yielders.
hohenheim grazing system
Intensive grazing system in which the field is divided into many small plots of equal size. Grasses are raised with application of large quantities of nitrogenous fertilizers. The livestock are divided into three groups : high, medium and low yeilders. They are let into the paddock by rotation so that the opportunity for grazing most nutritious immature grasses goes to the high yielders followed by medium producers and lastly low yielders.
http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=62175
hohenheim grazing system
http://forages.oregonstate.edu/nfgc/eo/onlineforagecurriculum/instructormaterials/availabletopics/grazing/types
A grazzing management system that allows young farm animals to graze part of the pasture before the adults. It employs a gate through which young animals, but not adults, can pass to get first choice of fresh feed in the next door paddock.
creep grazing
A grazzing management system that allows young farm animals to graze part of the pasture before the adults. It employs a gate through which young animals, but not adults, can pass to get first choice of fresh feed in the next door paddock.
beeflambnz.com/Documents/Farm/Creep%20grazing%20lambs.pdf
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/creep-grazing
A gazing management system in which two or more groups of animal, usually with different nutritional needs, graze the same paddock but at different time.
first-last grazing
A gazing management system in which two or more groups of animal, usually with different nutritional needs, graze the same paddock but at different time.
http://forages.oregonstate.edu/nfgc/eo/onlineforagecurriculum/instructormaterials/availabletopics/grazing/types
Area quality inhering in a surface that have been harvested.
harvested surface area
Area of soil covered with mulch.
mulch coverage
soil mulch coverage
Area of soil covered by organic fertilizer.
soil organic fertilizer coverage
Height of the small earth embankments which contain irrigation water within basins.
bund height
Height of the small earth embankments which contain irrigation water within basins.
http://www.fao.org/docrep/s8684e/s8684e03.htm
Tractor speed in the field.
tractor speed
An area density quality which inheres in micronutrients by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of micronutrients applied in a given surface area. Micronutrients for plants are Boron, Chlorine, Iron, Zinc, Manganese, Molybdenum, Copper, Nikel.
micronutrients area density
An area density quality which inheres in micronutrients by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of micronutrients applied in a given surface area. Micronutrients for plants are Boron, Chlorine, Iron, Zinc, Manganese, Molybdenum, Copper, Nikel.
http://cetehama.ucanr.edu/Newsletters_510/?newsitem=39348
An area density quality which inheres in above-ground crop residue by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of above-ground crop residue applied in a given surface area.
crop residue area density
Length of the pivot used during the irrigation process.
center pivot irrigation equipment length
Distance between the bottom of the well and the soil surface.
well depth
An area density quality which inheres in rhizobium by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of rhizobium inoculated into the soil.
quantity of rhizobium
rhizobium area density
Amount of nutrient in the crop as a ratio of the amount applied or available.
NRE
nitrogen recovery efficiency
Amount of nutrient in the crop as a ratio of the amount applied or available.
https://www.ipni.net/ppiweb/bcrops.nsf/$webindex/81A4850CE6E9C87085256F380054252B/$file/04-4p15.pdf
Calculate the amount of nitrogen in the crop as a ratio of the amount of nitrogen applied or available.
nitrogen recovery efficiency measurement protocol
Ratio between the amount of nitrogen fertilizer removed from the field by the crop and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied. It provides information about the relative utilization of additional nitrogen applied to a agricultural production system.
nitrogen use efficiency
Ratio between the amount of nitrogen fertilizer removed from the field by the crop and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied. It provides information about the relative utilization of additional nitrogen applied to a agricultural production system.
http://www.oecd.org/tad/sustainable-agriculture/44810448.pdf
Calculate the ratio between the amount of nitrogen fertilizer removed with the crop and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied.
nitrogen use efficiency measurement protocol
Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio is a ratio of the mass of carbon to the mass of nitrogen in an organic fertilizer.
organic fertilizer carbon to nitrogen ratio
Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio is a ratio of the mass of carbon to the mass of nitrogen in an organic fertilizer.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_to_nitrogen_ratio
Agricultural tool that is hand-held and composed of a curved blade with a sharp inside and a handle. It is used for harvesting, or reaping, grain crops or cutting succulent forage chiefly for feeding livestock, either freshly cut or dried as hay.
bagging hook
brishing hook
grasshook
reaping hook
rip-hook
slash-hook
swap hook
sickle
Agricultural tool that is hand-held and composed of a curved blade with a sharp inside and a handle. It is used for harvesting, or reaping, grain crops or cutting succulent forage chiefly for feeding livestock, either freshly cut or dried as hay.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle
Planned process is which the edible part of the cereal grain is loosen from the scaly, inedible chaff that surrounds it. It is the step in grain preparation after harvesting and before winnowing, which separates the loosened chaff from the grain. Threshing does not remove the bran from the grain.
threshing process
Planned process is which the edible part of the cereal grain is loosen from the scaly, inedible chaff that surrounds it. It is the step in grain preparation after harvesting and before winnowing, which separates the loosened chaff from the grain. Threshing does not remove the bran from the grain.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threshing
Agricultural tool made from two or more large sticks attached by a short chain; one stick is held and swung, causing the other to strike a pile of grain, loosening the husks.
flail
Agricultural tool made from two or more large sticks attached by a short chain; one stick is held and swung, causing the other to strike a pile of grain, loosening the husks.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flail
Agricultural tool that consists of a shaft about 170 centimetres (67 in) long made of wood or metal. The shaft has either one or two short handles at right angles to it, usually one near the upper end and always another roughly in the middle. A curved, steel blade between 60 to 90 centimetres (24 to 35 in) long is mounted at the lower end at 90°, or less, to the shaft. It is hand powered.
scythe
Agricultural tool that consists of a shaft about 170 centimetres (67 in) long made of wood or metal. The shaft has either one or two short handles at right angles to it, usually one near the upper end and always another roughly in the middle. A curved, steel blade between 60 to 90 centimetres (24 to 35 in) long is mounted at the lower end at 90°, or less, to the shaft. It is hand powered.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scythe
A planned process in which the grain is separated from chaff. It is also used to remove weevils or other pests from stored grain. It is done after threshing, the loosening of grain or seeds from the husks and straw.
winnowing process
A planned process in which the grain is separated from chaff. It is also used to remove weevils or other pests from stored grain. It is done after threshing, the loosening of grain or seeds from the husks and straw.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnowing
A pruning process in which whole tops of trees or large branches and/or trunks from the tops of trees are removed, leaving stubs or lateral branches that are too small to assume the role of a terminal leader.
hat-racking
heading
rounding
tipping
étêtage
tree topping process
A pruning process in which whole tops of trees or large branches and/or trunks from the tops of trees are removed, leaving stubs or lateral branches that are too small to assume the role of a terminal leader.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topping_(agriculture)
A pruning process in which dried, yellowish green, bottom leaves in the sugarcane crop are removed at regular intervals.
detrashing process
A pruning process in which dried, yellowish green, bottom leaves in the sugarcane crop are removed at regular intervals.
http://www.sugarcanecrops.com/agronomic_practices/detrashing/
https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20103065565
A pruning process in which branches from either standing or downed trees are removed.
limbing process
A pruning process in which branches from either standing or downed trees are removed.
http://extension.missouri.edu/p/G1958
A planned process in which a rigid support is used to support, or to prevent from falling a crop or a tree.
staking process
Need a better definition to know if staking and propping are exactly the same process, or have differences.
propping process
A planned process in which a rigid support is used to support, or to prevent from falling a crop or a tree.
http://www.dictionary.com/browse/propping
An harvest process that involves a multiple step process to turns green, perishable, forage into a product that can be safely stored and easily transported without danger of spoilage.
haymaking process
An harvest process that involves a multiple step process to turns green, perishable, forage into a product that can be safely stored and easily transported without danger of spoilage.
http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/x7660e/x7660e06.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hay
An harvest process in which the cut herbage is putting into rows for further handling and collection, and sometimes also for protection at night.
windrowing
An harvest process in which the cut herbage is putting into rows for further handling and collection, and sometimes also for protection at night.
http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/x7660e/x7660e06.htm
An harvesting process in which dry forage is bound by ropes into a bale.
baling process
An harvesting process in which dry forage is bound by ropes into a bale.
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/baling
An harvest process in which herbage is put into cocks (small heaps). It is an intermediate stage of herbage drying used in some manual systems.
trussing process
An harvest process in which herbage is put into cocks (small heaps). It is an intermediate stage of herbage drying used in some manual systems.
http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/x7660e/x7660e06.htm
A planned process in which the harvest is stored.
storage process
An harvest process in which the mature part of the crop is cut.
cutting process
An harvest process in which the mature part of the crop is cut.
http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/postproductioncourse/index.php/what-is-harvesting/cutting-the-rice-crop
Maximum width of an agronomical field.
field maximum width
A planned process in which fertilizer is applied to an environmental material to promote the growth of a plant.
fertilization
agronomic fertilization process
group together tillage and no-till processes
tillage
crop yield experiment
A planned process during which the environment of a crop plant is maintained such that the plant grows
crop cultivation process
agricultural experimental multiplot
entity
An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts.
continuant
An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time.
occurrent
A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything.
b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
independent continuant
b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
A continuant that is either dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers or inheres in or is borne by other entities.
obsolete dependent continuant
true
An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t.
p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
process
p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
disposition
A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances.
realizable entity
quality
A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same.
b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n > 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i < j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004])
b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
specifically dependent continuant
b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n > 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i < j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004])
b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts.
role
object
A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time.
b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
generically dependent continuant
b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
function
An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
material entity
immaterial entity
anatomical structure
material anatomical entity
immaterial anatomical entity
connected anatomical system
cell part (CARO)
cell part
multi-cell-part structure
neuron projection bundle
multicellular anatomical structure
Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.000548579903(13) u, or 0.51099906(15) MeV.
electron
beta
beta(-)
beta-particle
e
e(-)
e-
negatron
electron
electron
ChEBI
electron
IUPAC
electron
KEGG_COMPOUND
beta
IUPAC
beta(-)
ChEBI
beta-particle
IUPAC
e
IUPAC
e(-)
UniProt
e-
KEGG_COMPOUND
negatron
IUPAC
A reagent that lightens or whitens a substrate through chemical reaction. Bleaching reactions usually involve oxidative or reductive processes that degrade colour systems. Bleaching can occur by destroying one or more of the double bonds in the conjugated chain, by cleaving the conjugated chain, or by oxidation of one of the other moieties in the conjugated chain. Their reactivity results in many bleaches having strong bactericidal, disinfecting, and sterilising properties.
bleaching agent
An atom of an element that exhibits properties that are between those of metals and nonmetals, or that has a mixture of them. The term generally includes boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium, while carbon, aluminium, selenium, polonium, and astatine are less commonly included.
metalloid
metalloids
metalloid atom
metalloid
ChEBI
metalloids
ChEBI
A Bronsted acid derived from one or more inorganic compounds. Inorganic acids (also known as mineral acids) form hydrons and conjugate base ions when dissolved in water.
inorganic acids
mineral acid
mineral acids
inorganic acid
inorganic acids
ChEBI
mineral acid
ChEBI
mineral acids
ChEBI
Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa).
gas molecular entities
gaseous molecular entities
gaseous molecular entity
gas molecular entity
gas molecular entities
ChEBI
gaseous molecular entities
ChEBI
gaseous molecular entity
ChEBI
An isotopically modified compound in which the abundance of a (13)C isotope at one or more positions has been increased above that of the naturally occurring level.
(13)C-enriched compound
(13)C-enriched compounds
(13)C-labeled compound
(13)C-labeled compounds
(13)C-labelled compound
(13)C-labelled compounds
(13)C-modified compounds
(13)C-modified compound
(13)C-enriched compound
ChEBI
(13)C-enriched compounds
ChEBI
(13)C-labeled compound
ChEBI
(13)C-labeled compounds
ChEBI
(13)C-labelled compound
ChEBI
(13)C-labelled compounds
ChEBI
(13)C-modified compounds
ChEBI
Any molecular entity in which the isotopic ratio of nuclides for at least one element deviates measurably from that occurring in nature. The term includes both isotopically substituted compounds (in which essentially all the molecules of the compound have only the indicated nuclide(s) at each designated position) and isotopically labeled compounds (a formal mixture of an isotopically unmodified compound with one or more analogous isotopically substituted compound(s).
isotopically modified compounds
isotopically modified compound
isotopically modified compounds
ChEBI
carbamate
Carbamat
Karbamat
carbamate ion
carbamic acid, ion(1-)
carbamate
carbamate
IUPAC
carbamate
UniProt
Carbamat
ChEBI
Karbamat
ChEBI
carbamate ion
ChemIDplus
carbamic acid, ion(1-)
ChemIDplus
electron donor
A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from hydrogen sulfide.
sulfanediide
sulfide(2-)
S(2-)
Sulfide
sulfide
sulphide
sulfide(2-)
sulfanediide
IUPAC
sulfide(2-)
IUPAC
S(2-)
IUPAC
Sulfide
ChemIDplus
sulfide
UniProt
sulphide
ChEBI
A molecular entity that can accept an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group from another molecular entity.
Acceptor
acceptor
A
Akzeptor
Hydrogen-acceptor
Oxidized donor
accepteur
acceptor
Acceptor
KEGG_COMPOUND
acceptor
UniProt
A
KEGG_COMPOUND
Akzeptor
ChEBI
Hydrogen-acceptor
KEGG_COMPOUND
Oxidized donor
KEGG_COMPOUND
accepteur
ChEBI
An oxygen hydride consisting of an oxygen atom that is covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms.
WATER
Water
oxidane
water
BOUND WATER
H2O
HOH
Wasser
[OH2]
acqua
agua
aqua
dihydridooxygen
dihydrogen oxide
eau
hydrogen hydroxide
water
WATER
PDBeChem
Water
KEGG_COMPOUND
oxidane
IUPAC
water
IUPAC
BOUND WATER
PDBeChem
H2O
KEGG_COMPOUND
H2O
UniProt
HOH
ChEBI
Wasser
ChEBI
[OH2]
IUPAC
acqua
ChEBI
agua
ChEBI
aqua
ChEBI
dihydridooxygen
IUPAC
dihydrogen oxide
IUPAC
eau
ChEBI
hydrogen hydroxide
ChEBI
dioxygen
A monoatomic monoanion resulting from the addition of an electron to any halogen atom.
halide ions
HX
Halide
a halide anion
halide anions
halide(1-)
halides
halogen anion
halide anion
halide ions
IUPAC
HX
KEGG_COMPOUND
Halide
KEGG_COMPOUND
a halide anion
UniProt
halide anions
ChEBI
halide(1-)
ChEBI
halides
ChEBI
halogen anion
ChEBI
An azane that consists of a single nitrogen atom covelently bonded to three hydrogen atoms.
AMMONIA
Ammonia
ammonia
azane
Ammoniak
NH3
R-717
[NH3]
ammoniac
amoniaco
spirit of hartshorn
ammonia
AMMONIA
PDBeChem
Ammonia
KEGG_COMPOUND
ammonia
IUPAC
azane
IUPAC
Ammoniak
ChemIDplus
NH3
IUPAC
NH3
KEGG_COMPOUND
NH3
UniProt
R-717
ChEBI
[NH3]
MolBase
ammoniac
ChEBI
amoniaco
ChEBI
spirit of hartshorn
ChemIDplus
A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.
Hydrogen sulfide
dihydridosulfur
dihydrogen(sulfide)
hydrogen sulfide
sulfane
H2S
HYDROSULFURIC ACID
Hydrogen-sulfide
Schwefelwasserstoff
Sulfide
[SH2]
acide sulfhydrique
dihydrogen monosulfide
dihydrogen sulfide
hydrogen monosulfide
hydrogen sulphide
hydrogene sulfure
sulfure d'hydrogene
hydrogen sulfide
Hydrogen sulfide
KEGG_COMPOUND
dihydridosulfur
IUPAC
dihydrogen(sulfide)
IUPAC
hydrogen sulfide
IUPAC
sulfane
IUPAC
H2S
IUPAC
H2S
KEGG_COMPOUND
HYDROSULFURIC ACID
PDBeChem
Hydrogen-sulfide
KEGG_COMPOUND
Schwefelwasserstoff
ChemIDplus
Sulfide
KEGG_COMPOUND
[SH2]
MolBase
acide sulfhydrique
ChemIDplus
dihydrogen monosulfide
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
dihydrogen sulfide
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
hydrogen monosulfide
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
hydrogen sulphide
ChemIDplus
hydrogene sulfure
ChemIDplus
sulfure d'hydrogene
ChEBI
A sulfur oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of both OH groups of sulfuric acid.
Sulfate
sulfate
tetraoxidosulfate(2-)
tetraoxosulfate(2-)
tetraoxosulfate(VI)
SO4(2-)
SULFATE ION
Sulfate anion(2-)
Sulfate dianion
Sulfate(2-)
Sulfuric acid ion(2-)
[SO4](2-)
sulphate
sulphate ion
sulfate
Sulfate
KEGG_COMPOUND
sulfate
IUPAC
sulfate
UniProt
tetraoxidosulfate(2-)
IUPAC
tetraoxosulfate(2-)
IUPAC
tetraoxosulfate(VI)
IUPAC
SO4(2-)
IUPAC
SULFATE ION
PDBeChem
Sulfate anion(2-)
HMDB
Sulfate dianion
HMDB
Sulfate(2-)
HMDB
Sulfuric acid ion(2-)
HMDB
[SO4](2-)
IUPAC
sulphate
ChEBI
sulphate ion
ChEBI
A carbonyl group with two C-bound amine groups.
UREA
Urea
urea
Carbamide
E927b
H2NC(O)NH2
Harnstoff
Karbamid
carbamide
carbonyldiamide
ur
uree
urea
UREA
PDBeChem
Urea
KEGG_COMPOUND
urea
IUPAC
urea
UniProt
Carbamide
KEGG_COMPOUND
E927b
ChEBI
H2NC(O)NH2
ChEBI
Harnstoff
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
Karbamid
ChEBI
carbamide
ChEBI
carbonyldiamide
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
ur
IUPAC
uree
ChEBI
hydridooxygenate(1-)
hydroxide
oxidanide
HO-
HYDROXIDE ION
Hydroxide ion
OH(-)
OH-
hydroxide
hydridooxygenate(1-)
IUPAC
hydroxide
IUPAC
oxidanide
IUPAC
HO-
KEGG_COMPOUND
HYDROXIDE ION
PDBeChem
Hydroxide ion
KEGG_COMPOUND
OH(-)
IUPAC
OH(-)
UniProt
OH-
KEGG_COMPOUND
carbon dioxide
carbon monoxide
The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.
Hydrogencarbonate
hydrogen(trioxidocarbonate)(1-)
hydrogencarbonate
hydrogencarbonate(1-)
hydrogentrioxocarbonate(1-)
hydrogentrioxocarbonate(IV)
hydroxidodioxidocarbonate(1-)
Acid carbonate
BICARBONATE ION
Bicarbonate
HCO3(-)
HCO3-
[CO2(OH)](-)
hydrogen carbonate
hydrogencarbonate
Hydrogencarbonate
KEGG_COMPOUND
hydrogen(trioxidocarbonate)(1-)
IUPAC
hydrogencarbonate
IUPAC
hydrogencarbonate
UniProt
hydrogencarbonate(1-)
IUPAC
hydrogentrioxocarbonate(1-)
IUPAC
hydrogentrioxocarbonate(IV)
IUPAC
hydroxidodioxidocarbonate(1-)
IUPAC
Acid carbonate
KEGG_COMPOUND
BICARBONATE ION
PDBeChem
Bicarbonate
KEGG_COMPOUND
HCO3(-)
IUPAC
HCO3-
KEGG_COMPOUND
[CO2(OH)](-)
IUPAC
hydrogen carbonate
PDBeChem
A nitrogen oxoanion formed by loss of a proton from nitric acid. Principal species present at pH 7.3.
nitrate
trioxidonitrate(1-)
trioxonitrate(1-)
trioxonitrate(V)
NITRATE ION
NO3
NO3(-)
[NO3](-)
nitrate(1-)
nitrate
nitrate
IUPAC
nitrate
UniProt
trioxidonitrate(1-)
IUPAC
trioxonitrate(1-)
IUPAC
trioxonitrate(V)
IUPAC
NITRATE ION
PDBeChem
NO3
ChEBI
NO3(-)
IUPAC
[NO3](-)
IUPAC
nitrate(1-)
ChemIDplus
A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.
Hydrogen chloride
chlorane
chloridohydrogen
hydrogen chloride
Chlorwasserstoff
HCl
Hydrochloride
Hydrogenchlorid
Wasserstoffchlorid
[HCl]
chlorure d'hydrogene
cloruro de hidrogeno
hydrochloric acid
hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen chloride
KEGG_COMPOUND
chlorane
IUPAC
chloridohydrogen
IUPAC
hydrogen chloride
IUPAC
Chlorwasserstoff
ChEBI
HCl
KEGG_COMPOUND
HCl
UniProt
Hydrochloride
KEGG_COMPOUND
Hydrogenchlorid
ChEBI
Wasserstoffchlorid
ChEBI
[HCl]
IUPAC
chlorure d'hydrogene
ChEBI
cloruro de hidrogeno
ChEBI
hydrochloric acid
ChemIDplus
A molecular entity that can transfer ("donate") an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group to another molecular entity.
Donor
donor
Donator
donneur
donor
Donor
KEGG_COMPOUND
donor
UniProt
Donator
ChEBI
donneur
ChEBI
A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.
Chloride
chloride
chloride(1-)
CHLORIDE ION
Chloride ion
Chloride(1-)
Chlorine anion
Cl(-)
Cl-
chloride
Chloride
KEGG_COMPOUND
chloride
IUPAC
chloride
UniProt
chloride(1-)
IUPAC
CHLORIDE ION
PDBeChem
Chloride ion
KEGG_COMPOUND
Chloride(1-)
ChemIDplus
Chlorine anion
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
Cl(-)
IUPAC
Cl-
KEGG_COMPOUND
An elemental molecule consisting of two trivalently-bonded nitrogen atoms.
dinitrogen
N#N
N2
Nitrogen
molecular nitrogen
dinitrogen
dinitrogen
IUPAC
N#N
ChEBI
N2
IUPAC
N2
KEGG_COMPOUND
N2
UniProt
Nitrogen
KEGG_COMPOUND
molecular nitrogen
ChEBI
hydrogen halide
hydrogen halides
HX
hydrogen halides
hydrogen halide
hydrogen halide
IUPAC
hydrogen halides
IUPAC
HX
UniProt
hydrogen halides
ChEBI
A solution of ammonia in water.
Ammonium hydroxide
ammonium hydroxide
Ammoniumhydroxid
E527
NH4OH
agua de amoniaco
ammonia aqueous
ammonia solution
ammonia water
ammoniaque
hidroxido de amonio
hydroxyde d'ammonium
ammonium hydroxide
Ammonium hydroxide
KEGG_COMPOUND
ammonium hydroxide
IUPAC
Ammoniumhydroxid
ChEBI
E527
ChEBI
NH4OH
ChEBI
agua de amoniaco
ChEBI
ammonia aqueous
ChemIDplus
ammonia solution
ChemIDplus
ammonia water
ChemIDplus
ammoniaque
ChEBI
hidroxido de amonio
ChEBI
hydroxyde d'ammonium
ChEBI
An iron group element atom that has atomic number 26.
iron
26Fe
Eisen
Fe
Iron
fer
ferrum
hierro
iron
iron atom
iron
IUPAC
26Fe
IUPAC
Eisen
ChEBI
Fe
IUPAC
Iron
KEGG_COMPOUND
fer
ChEBI
ferrum
IUPAC
hierro
ChEBI
iron
ChEBI
dihydrogen
manganese
25Mn
Mangan
Manganese
Mn
manganese
manganeso
manganum
manganese atom
manganese
IUPAC
25Mn
IUPAC
Mangan
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
Manganese
KEGG_COMPOUND
Mn
IUPAC
manganese
ChEBI
manganeso
ChEBI
manganum
ChEBI
A phosphate ion that is the conjugate base of hydrogenphosphate.
phosphate
tetraoxidophosphate(3-)
tetraoxophosphate(3-)
tetraoxophosphate(V)
Orthophosphate
PHOSPHATE ION
PO4(3-)
Phosphate
[PO4](3-)
phosphate(3-)
phosphate
IUPAC
tetraoxidophosphate(3-)
IUPAC
tetraoxophosphate(3-)
IUPAC
tetraoxophosphate(V)
IUPAC
Orthophosphate
KEGG_COMPOUND
PHOSPHATE ION
PDBeChem
PO4(3-)
IUPAC
Phosphate
KEGG_COMPOUND
[PO4](3-)
IUPAC
sulfur dioxide
An organic group formed by removing one or more hydroxy groups from an oxoacid that has the general structure RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0). Although the term is almost always applied to organic compounds, with carboxylic acid as the oxoacid, acyl groups can in principle be derived from other types of acids such as sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids.
acyl group
alkanoyl
acyl groups
alkanoyl group
groupe acyle
acyl group
acyl group
IUPAC
alkanoyl
IUPAC
acyl groups
ChEBI
alkanoyl group
ChEBI
groupe acyle
IUPAC
alkaline earth metals
Erdalkalimetall
Erdalkalimetalle
alkaline earth metal
alkaline-earth metal
alkaline-earth metals
metal alcalino-terreux
metal alcalinoterreo
metales alcalinoterreos
metaux alcalino-terreux
alkaline earth metal atom
alkaline earth metals
IUPAC
Erdalkalimetall
ChEBI
Erdalkalimetalle
ChEBI
alkaline earth metal
ChEBI
alkaline-earth metal
ChEBI
alkaline-earth metals
ChEBI
metal alcalino-terreux
ChEBI
metal alcalinoterreo
ChEBI
metales alcalinoterreos
ChEBI
metaux alcalino-terreux
ChEBI
alkali metals
Alkalimetall
Alkalimetalle
alkali metal
metal alcalin
metal alcalino
metales alcalinos
metaux alcalins
alkali metal atom
alkali metals
IUPAC
Alkalimetall
ChEBI
Alkalimetalle
ChEBI
alkali metal
ChEBI
metal alcalin
ChEBI
metal alcalino
ChEBI
metales alcalinos
ChEBI
metaux alcalins
ChEBI
A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron.
Anion
anion
Anionen
aniones
anions
anion
Anion
ChEBI
anion
ChEBI
anion
IUPAC
Anionen
ChEBI
aniones
ChEBI
anions
IUPAC
A molecular entity having an available pair of electrons capable of forming a covalent bond with a hydron (Bronsted base) or with the vacant orbital of some other molecular entity (Lewis base).
Base
base
Base1
Base2
Basen
Nucleobase
bases
base
Base
ChEBI
base
ChEBI
base
IUPAC
Base1
KEGG_COMPOUND
Base2
KEGG_COMPOUND
Basen
ChEBI
Nucleobase
KEGG_COMPOUND
bases
ChEBI
boron molecular entity
boron compounds
boron molecular entities
boron molecular entity
boron molecular entity
ChEBI
boron compounds
ChEBI
boron molecular entities
ChEBI
calcium
20Ca
Ca
Calcium
Kalzium
calcio
calcium
calcium atom
calcium
IUPAC
20Ca
IUPAC
Ca
IUPAC
Calcium
KEGG_COMPOUND
Kalzium
ChEBI
calcio
ChEBI
calcium
ChEBI
calcium molecular entity
calcium compounds
calcium molecular entities
calcium molecular entity
calcium molecular entity
ChEBI
calcium compounds
ChEBI
calcium molecular entities
ChEBI
The univalent carboacyl group formed by loss of -OH from the carboxy group of carbamic acid.
carbamoyl
-C(O)NH2
-CONH2
aminocarbonyl
carbamyl
carbamyl group
carboxamide
carbamoyl group
carbamoyl
IUPAC
-C(O)NH2
ChEBI
-CONH2
IUPAC
aminocarbonyl
IUPAC
carbamyl
ChEBI
carbamyl group
ChEBI
carboxamide
IUPAC
carbon oxide
carbonates
carbonyl
carbonyl group
>C=O
carbonyl group
carbonyl
IUPAC
carbonyl group
ChEBI
carbonyl group
UniProt
>C=O
IUPAC
chloride salts
chlorides
chloride salt
chloride salts
ChEBI
chlorides
ChEBI
chlorine
17Cl
Chlor
Cl
chlore
chlorine
chlorum
cloro
chlorine atom
chlorine
IUPAC
17Cl
IUPAC
Chlor
ChEBI
Cl
IUPAC
chlore
ChEBI
chlorine
ChEBI
chlorum
ChEBI
cloro
ChEBI
A halogen molecular entity containing one or more atoms of chlorine.
chlorine molecular entity
Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.
molecular entity
entidad molecular
entidades moleculares
entite moleculaire
molecular entities
molekulare Entitaet
molecular entity
molecular entity
IUPAC
entidad molecular
IUPAC
entidades moleculares
IUPAC
entite moleculaire
IUPAC
molecular entities
IUPAC
molekulare Entitaet
ChEBI
Any substance which when absorbed into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions. The term is generally accepted for a substance taken for a therapeutic purpose, but is also commonly used for abused substances.
drugs
medicine
drug
drugs
ChEBI
medicine
ChEBI
monoatomic anions
monoatomic anion
monoatomic anions
ChEBI
monoatomic cations
monoatomic cation
monoatomic cations
ChEBI
A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.
enzyme inhibitor
enzyme inhibitors
inhibidor enzimatico
inhibidores enzimaticos
inhibiteur enzymatique
inhibiteurs enzymatiques
enzyme inhibitor
enzyme inhibitor
IUPAC
enzyme inhibitors
ChEBI
inhibidor enzimatico
ChEBI
inhibidores enzimaticos
ChEBI
inhibiteur enzymatique
ChEBI
inhibiteurs enzymatiques
ChEBI
A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances.
chemical entity
chemical entity
chemical entity
UniProt
A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context.
biological function
biological role
biological function
ChEBI
A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity.
group
Gruppe
Rest
groupe
grupo
grupos
group
group
IUPAC
Gruppe
ChEBI
Rest
ChEBI
groupe
IUPAC
grupo
IUPAC
grupos
IUPAC
halogen molecular entity
halogen compounds
halogen molecular entities
halogen molecular entity
halogen molecular entity
ChEBI
halogen compounds
ChEBI
halogen molecular entities
ChEBI
halogen
halogens
Halogene
group 17 elements
group VII elements
halogene
halogenes
halogeno
halogenos
halogen
halogen
IUPAC
halogens
IUPAC
Halogene
ChEBI
group 17 elements
ChEBI
group VII elements
ChEBI
halogene
ChEBI
halogenes
ChEBI
halogeno
ChEBI
halogenos
ChEBI
Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)).
hydroxides
A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).
oxoacid
oxoacids
oxacids
oxiacids
oxo acid
oxy-acids
oxyacids
oxoacid
oxoacid
IUPAC
oxoacids
IUPAC
oxacids
ChEBI
oxiacids
ChEBI
oxo acid
ChEBI
oxy-acids
ChEBI
oxyacids
ChEBI
inorganic anions
inorganic anion
inorganic anions
ChEBI
A molecular entity that contains no carbon.
anorganische Verbindungen
inorganic compounds
inorganic entity
inorganic molecular entities
inorganics
inorganic molecular entity
anorganische Verbindungen
ChEBI
inorganic compounds
ChEBI
inorganic entity
ChEBI
inorganic molecular entities
ChEBI
inorganics
ChEBI
inorganic oxides
inorganic oxide
inorganic oxides
ChEBI
Any phosphate that contains no carbon atom.
inorganic phosphates
inorganic phosphate
inorganic phosphates
ChEBI
anorganisches Salz
inorganic salts
inorganic salt
anorganisches Salz
ChEBI
inorganic salts
ChEBI
inorganic sulfate salts
inorganic sulfates
inorganic sulfate salt
inorganic sulfate salts
ChEBI
inorganic sulfates
ChEBI
A salt is an assembly of cations and anions.
salt
Salz
Salze
ionic compound
ionic compounds
sal
sales
salts
sel
sels
salt
salt
IUPAC
Salz
ChEBI
Salze
ChEBI
ionic compound
ChEBI
ionic compounds
ChEBI
sal
ChEBI
sales
ChEBI
salts
ChEBI
sel
ChEBI
sels
ChEBI
monoatomic ions
monoatomic ion
monoatomic ions
ChEBI
A molecular entity having a net electric charge.
Ion
ion
Ionen
iones
ions
ion
Ion
ChEBI
ion
ChEBI
ion
IUPAC
Ionen
ChEBI
iones
ChEBI
ions
ChEBI
magnesium
12Mg
Magnesium
Mg
magnesio
magnesium
magnesium atom
magnesium
IUPAC
12Mg
IUPAC
Magnesium
ChEBI
Mg
IUPAC
magnesio
ChEBI
magnesium
ChEBI
Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites.
metabolite
metabolites
primary metabolites
secondary metabolites
metabolite
metabolite
IUPAC
metabolites
ChEBI
primary metabolites
ChEBI
secondary metabolites
ChEBI
a metal cation
metal cations
metal cation
a metal cation
UniProt
metal cations
ChEBI
A molecule all atoms of which have the same atomic number.
homoatomic molecule
homoatomic molecules
elemental molecule
homoatomic molecule
ChEBI
homoatomic molecules
ChEBI
Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom.
molecule
Molekuel
molecula
molecules
neutral molecular compounds
molecule
molecule
IUPAC
Molekuel
ChEBI
molecula
IUPAC
molecules
IUPAC
neutral molecular compounds
IUPAC
monoatomic monocations
monovalent cation
monovalent inorganic cations
monoatomic monocation
monoatomic monocations
ChEBI
monovalent cation
UniProt
monovalent inorganic cations
ChEBI
nitrogen
7N
N
Stickstoff
azote
nitrogen
nitrogeno
nitrogen atom
nitrogen
IUPAC
7N
IUPAC
N
IUPAC
Stickstoff
ChEBI
azote
IUPAC
nitrogen
ChEBI
nitrogeno
ChEBI
nonmetal
Nichtmetall
Nichtmetalle
no metal
no metales
non-metal
non-metaux
nonmetal
nonmetals
nonmetal atom
nonmetal
IUPAC
Nichtmetall
ChEBI
Nichtmetalle
ChEBI
no metal
ChEBI
no metales
ChEBI
non-metal
ChEBI
non-metaux
ChEBI
nonmetal
ChEBI
nonmetals
ChEBI
Any organic ion with a net negative charge.
organic anions
organic anion
organic anions
ChEBI
organic ions
organic ion
organic ions
ChEBI
organic oxide
An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements.
oxide
oxides
oxide
oxide
ChEBI
oxides
ChEBI
oxygen
8O
O
Sauerstoff
oxigeno
oxygen
oxygene
oxygen atom
oxygen
IUPAC
8O
IUPAC
O
IUPAC
Sauerstoff
ChEBI
oxigeno
ChEBI
oxygen
ChEBI
oxygene
ChEBI
oxygen molecular entity
oxygen molecular entities
oxygen molecular entity
oxygen molecular entity
ChEBI
oxygen molecular entities
ChEBI
Strictly, a substance intended to kill pests. In common usage, any substance used for controlling, preventing, or destroying animal, microbiological or plant pests.
pesticide
Pestizid
Pestizide
pesticides
pesticide
pesticide
IUPAC
Pestizid
ChEBI
Pestizide
ChEBI
pesticides
ChEBI
Any organic aromatic compound with a structure based on a phenylpropane skeleton. The class includes naturally occurring phenylpropanoid esters, flavonoids, anthocyanins, coumarins and many small phenolic molecules as well as their semi-synthetic and synthetic analogues. Phenylpropanoids are also precursors of lignin.
phenylpropanoids
phenylpropanoid
phenylpropanoids
ChEBI
Salts and esters of phosphoric and oligophosphoric acids and their chalcogen analogues. In inorganic chemistry, the term is also used to describe anionic coordination entities with phosphorus as central atom.
phosphates
phosphates
phosphate
phosphates
IUPAC
phosphates
ChEBI
A phosphorus oxoacid that consits of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.
Phosphoric acid
phosphoric acid
tetraoxophosphoric acid
trihydrogen tetraoxophosphate(3-)
trihydroxidooxidophosphorus
H3PO4
Orthophosphoric acid
Phosphate
Phosphorsaeure
Phosphorsaeureloesungen
[PO(OH)3]
acide phosphorique
acidum phosphoricum
orthophosphoric acid
phosphoric acid
Phosphoric acid
KEGG_COMPOUND
phosphoric acid
IUPAC
tetraoxophosphoric acid
IUPAC
trihydrogen tetraoxophosphate(3-)
IUPAC
trihydroxidooxidophosphorus
IUPAC
H3PO4
IUPAC
Orthophosphoric acid
KEGG_COMPOUND
Phosphate
KEGG_COMPOUND
Phosphorsaeure
ChEBI
Phosphorsaeureloesungen
ChEBI
[PO(OH)3]
IUPAC
acide phosphorique
ChEBI
acidum phosphoricum
ChEBI
orthophosphoric acid
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
phosphoric acid derivatives
phosphoric acids
phosphoric acid derivative
phosphoric acid derivatives
ChEBI
phosphoric acids
ChEBI
phosphorus molecular entities
phosphorus molecular entity
phosphorus molecular entities
ChEBI
polyphenylpropanoids
polyphenylpropanoid
polyphenylpropanoids
ChEBI
potassium
19K
K
Kalium
kalium
potasio
potassium
potassium atom
potassium
IUPAC
19K
IUPAC
K
IUPAC
Kalium
ChemIDplus
kalium
IUPAC
potasio
ChEBI
potassium
ChEBI
potassium molecular entity
potassium molecular entities
potassium molecular entity
potassium molecular entity
ChEBI
potassium molecular entities
ChEBI
Any alkali metal salt having potassium(1+) as the cation.
Kaliumsalz
Kaliumsalze
potassium salts
potassium salt
Kaliumsalz
ChEBI
Kaliumsalze
ChEBI
potassium salts
ChEBI
sodium chloride
sodium molecular entity
sodium salt
Salts and esters of sulfuric acid
sulfates
sulfuric acid derivative
sulphates
sulfates
sulfates
ChEBI
sulfuric acid derivative
ChEBI
sulphates
ChEBI
sulfonium compounds
sulfonium compound
sulfonium compounds
ChEBI
sulfur
16S
Elemental sulfur
S
Schwefel
azufre
soufre
sulfur
sulphur
theion
sulfur atom
sulfur
IUPAC
16S
IUPAC
Elemental sulfur
KEGG_COMPOUND
S
IUPAC
S
KEGG_COMPOUND
Schwefel
ChEBI
azufre
ChEBI
soufre
ChEBI
sulfur
ChEBI
sulfur
UniProt
sulphur
ChEBI
theion
IUPAC
sulfur molecular entity
sulfur molecular entities
sulfur molecular entity
sulfur molecular entity
ChEBI
sulfur molecular entities
ChEBI
A sulfur oxoacid that consits of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom.
Sulfuric acid
dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate
dihydroxidodioxidosulfur
hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(2-)
hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(VI)
sulfuric acid
tetraoxosulfuric acid
Acide sulfurique
Acido sulfurico
Acidum sulfuricum
H2SO4
Schwefelsaeureloesungen
[S(OH)2O2]
[SO2(OH)2]
sulphuric acid
sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid
KEGG_COMPOUND
dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate
IUPAC
dihydroxidodioxidosulfur
IUPAC
hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(2-)
IUPAC
hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(VI)
IUPAC
sulfuric acid
ChEBI
sulfuric acid
IUPAC
tetraoxosulfuric acid
IUPAC
Acide sulfurique
ChemIDplus
Acido sulfurico
ChemIDplus
Acidum sulfuricum
ChemIDplus
H2SO4
IUPAC
Schwefelsaeureloesungen
ChemIDplus
[S(OH)2O2]
MolBase
[SO2(OH)2]
IUPAC
sulphuric acid
MolBase
Poisonous substance produced by a biological organism such as a microbe, animal or plant.
toxin
toxins
toxin
toxin
IUPAC
toxins
ChEBI
Any nutrient required in small quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions.
micronutrients
trace elements
micronutrient
micronutrients
ChEBI
trace elements
ChEBI
An element whose atom has an incomplete d sub-shell, or which can give rise to cations with an incomplete d sub-shell.
transition element
Uebergangselement
Uebergangsmetalle
metal de transicion
metal de transition
metales de transicion
metaux de transition
transition element
transition elements
transition metal
transition metals
transition element atom
transition element
IUPAC
Uebergangselement
ChEBI
Uebergangsmetalle
ChEBI
metal de transicion
ChEBI
metal de transition
ChEBI
metales de transicion
ChEBI
metaux de transition
ChEBI
transition element
ChEBI
transition elements
ChEBI
transition metal
ChEBI
transition metals
ChEBI
A univalent carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid.
univalent acyl group
univalent carboacyl groups
univalent carboxylic acyl groups
univalent carboacyl group
univalent acyl group
ChEBI
univalent carboacyl groups
ChEBI
univalent carboxylic acyl groups
ChEBI
zinc
30Zn
Zink
Zn
Zn(II)
Zn2+
cinc
zinc
zincum
zinc atom
zinc
IUPAC
30Zn
IUPAC
Zink
ChEBI
Zn
IUPAC
Zn(II)
KEGG_COMPOUND
Zn2+
KEGG_COMPOUND
cinc
ChEBI
zinc
ChEBI
zincum
ChEBI
boron
5B
B
Bor
Boron
boracium
bore
boro
boron
boron atom
boron
IUPAC
5B
IUPAC
B
KEGG_COMPOUND
Bor
ChEBI
Boron
KEGG_COMPOUND
boracium
ChEBI
bore
ChEBI
boro
ChEBI
boron
ChEBI
carbon
6C
C
Carbon
Kohlenstoff
carbon
carbone
carbonium
carbono
carbon atom
carbon
IUPAC
6C
IUPAC
C
IUPAC
C
KEGG_COMPOUND
Carbon
KEGG_COMPOUND
Kohlenstoff
ChEBI
carbon
ChEBI
carbone
ChEBI
carbonium
ChEBI
carbono
ChEBI
A one-carbon compound that is ammonia in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a carboxy group. Although carbamic acid derivatives are common, carbamic acid itself has never been synthesised.
CARBAMIC ACID
Carbamic acid
carbamic acid
Aminoameisensaeure
Aminoformic acid
Carbamate
Carbamidsaeure
carbamic acid
CARBAMIC ACID
PDBeChem
Carbamic acid
KEGG_COMPOUND
carbamic acid
IUPAC
Aminoameisensaeure
ChEBI
Aminoformic acid
KEGG_COMPOUND
Carbamate
KEGG_COMPOUND
Carbamidsaeure
ChEBI
phosphorus
15P
P
Phosphor
Phosphorus
fosforo
phosphore
phosphorus
phosphorus atom
phosphorus
IUPAC
15P
IUPAC
P
IUPAC
P
KEGG_COMPOUND
Phosphor
ChEBI
Phosphorus
KEGG_COMPOUND
fosforo
ChEBI
phosphore
ChEBI
phosphorus
ChEBI
molybdenum
42Mo
Mo
Molybdaen
Molybdenum
molibdeno
molybdene
molybdenum
molybdenum atom
molybdenum
IUPAC
42Mo
IUPAC
Mo
IUPAC
Molybdaen
ChEBI
Molybdenum
KEGG_COMPOUND
molibdeno
ChEBI
molybdene
ChEBI
molybdenum
ChEBI
copper
29Cu
Copper
Cu
Kupfer
cobre
copper
cuivre
cuprum
copper atom
copper
IUPAC
29Cu
IUPAC
Copper
KEGG_COMPOUND
Cu
ChEBI
Cu
IUPAC
Kupfer
ChEBI
cobre
ChEBI
copper
ChEBI
cuivre
ChEBI
cuprum
IUPAC
An onium cation obtained by protonation of ammonia.
ammonium
azanium
AMMONIUM ION
Ammonium(1+)
NH4(+)
NH4+
[NH4](+)
ammonium
ammonium
ChEBI
ammonium
IUPAC
azanium
IUPAC
AMMONIUM ION
PDBeChem
Ammonium(1+)
ChemIDplus
NH4(+)
IUPAC
NH4(+)
UniProt
NH4+
KEGG_COMPOUND
[NH4](+)
MolBase
Carbonic acid
carbonic acid
dihydroxidooxidocarbon
Dihydrogen carbonate
H2CO3
Koehlensaeure
[CO(OH)2]
carbonic acid
Carbonic acid
KEGG_COMPOUND
carbonic acid
IUPAC
carbonic acid
UniProt
dihydroxidooxidocarbon
IUPAC
Dihydrogen carbonate
KEGG_COMPOUND
H2CO3
IUPAC
H2CO3
KEGG_COMPOUND
Koehlensaeure
ChEBI
[CO(OH)2]
IUPAC
The conjugate base formed when the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid is deprotonated.
a carboxylate
carboxylic acid anions
carboxylic anions
carboxylic acid anion
a carboxylate
UniProt
carboxylic acid anions
ChEBI
carboxylic anions
ChEBI
A monoatomic monocation obtained from potassium.
potassium cation
potassium(1+)
potassium(1+) ion
potassium(I) cation
K(+)
K+
POTASSIUM ION
potassium(1+)
potassium cation
IUPAC
potassium(1+)
IUPAC
potassium(1+) ion
IUPAC
potassium(I) cation
IUPAC
K(+)
IUPAC
K(+)
UniProt
K+
KEGG_COMPOUND
POTASSIUM ION
PDBeChem
calcium(2+)
calcium(2+) ion
calcium(II) cation
CALCIUM ION
Ca(2+)
Ca2+
calcium, doubly charged positive ion
calcium(2+)
calcium(2+)
IUPAC
calcium(2+) ion
IUPAC
calcium(II) cation
IUPAC
CALCIUM ION
PDBeChem
Ca(2+)
IUPAC
Ca(2+)
UniProt
Ca2+
KEGG_COMPOUND
calcium, doubly charged positive ion
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
dichlorine
Cl2
chlorine
molecular chlorine
dichlorine
dichlorine
IUPAC
Cl2
IUPAC
chlorine
ChemIDplus
molecular chlorine
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
amide
azanide
dihydridonitrate(1-)
NH2(-)
azanide
amide
IUPAC
azanide
IUPAC
dihydridonitrate(1-)
IUPAC
NH2(-)
IUPAC
A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of two protons from ammonia.
azanediide
hydridonitrate(2-)
NH(2-)
imide
hydridonitrate(2-)
azanediide
IUPAC
hydridonitrate(2-)
IUPAC
NH(2-)
IUPAC
imide
IUPAC
A carboxamide derived from a monocarboxylic acid.
monocarboxylic acid amides
monocarboxylic acid amide
monocarboxylic acid amides
ChEBI
aquahydrogen(1+)
oxidanium
oxonium
trihydridooxygen(1+)
H3O(+)
Hydronium cation
Hydronium ion
[OH3](+)
oxonium
aquahydrogen(1+)
IUPAC
oxidanium
IUPAC
oxonium
IUPAC
trihydridooxygen(1+)
IUPAC
H3O(+)
IUPAC
Hydronium cation
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
Hydronium ion
ChemIDplus
[OH3](+)
MolBase
hydrogen(sulfide)(1-)
hydrosulfide
sulfanide
HS anion
HS(-)
hydrogen sulfide
hydrosulfide
hydrogen(sulfide)(1-)
IUPAC
hydrosulfide
IUPAC
sulfanide
IUPAC
HS anion
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
HS(-)
IUPAC
hydrogen sulfide
UniProt
diazynediium
HNNH(2+)
[HNNH](2+)
diazynediium
diazynediium
IUPAC
HNNH(2+)
IUPAC
[HNNH](2+)
ChEBI
diazynium
HN2+
N#NH(+)
diazynium
diazynium
IUPAC
HN2+
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
N#NH(+)
IUPAC
Divalent cation
divalent cation
divalent inorganic cations
monoatomic dications
monoatomic dication
Divalent cation
KEGG_COMPOUND
divalent cation
UniProt
divalent inorganic cations
ChEBI
monoatomic dications
ChEBI
sulfanium
sulfonium
trihydridosulfur(1+)
H3S(+)
H3S+
[SH3](+)
sulphonium
sulfonium
sulfanium
IUPAC
sulfonium
IUPAC
trihydridosulfur(1+)
IUPAC
H3S(+)
IUPAC
H3S+
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
[SH3](+)
ChEBI
sulphonium
ChEBI
calcium dihydroxide
calcium(2+) hydroxide
calcium(II) hydroxide
Ca(OH)2
Calcium hydroxide
Kalziumhydroxid
Loeschkalk
calcium hydrate
geloeschter Kalk
hydralime
hydrated lime
slaked lime
calcium dihydroxide
calcium dihydroxide
IUPAC
calcium(2+) hydroxide
IUPAC
calcium(II) hydroxide
IUPAC
Ca(OH)2
IUPAC
Calcium hydroxide
KEGG_COMPOUND
Kalziumhydroxid
ChEBI
Loeschkalk
ChEBI
calcium hydrate
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
geloeschter Kalk
ChEBI
hydralime
ChemIDplus
hydrated lime
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
slaked lime
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
A member of the class of calcium oxides of calcium and oxygen in a 1:1 ratio.
Calcium oxide
calcium oxide
Aetzkalk
Branntkalk
Kalziumoxid
Lime
burnt lime
calcium monoxide
calx
caustic lime
gebrannter Kalk
limestone
quicklime
calcium oxide
Calcium oxide
KEGG_COMPOUND
calcium oxide
IUPAC
Aetzkalk
ChEBI
Branntkalk
ChEBI
Kalziumoxid
ChEBI
Lime
KEGG_COMPOUND
burnt lime
ChemIDplus
calcium monoxide
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
calx
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
caustic lime
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
gebrannter Kalk
ChEBI
limestone
ChEBI
quicklime
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
Potassium sulfate
potassium sulfate
K2SO4
Kaliumsulfat
dipotassium sulfate
potassium sulphate
potassium sulfate
Potassium sulfate
KEGG_COMPOUND
potassium sulfate
IUPAC
K2SO4
IUPAC
Kaliumsulfat
ChEBI
dipotassium sulfate
ChemIDplus
potassium sulphate
ChEBI
A (13)C-modified compound that is urea in which the carbon is present as its (13)C isotope.
((13)C)urea
Helicosol
Urea (13C)
Urea C13
((13)C)urea
((13)C)urea
IUPAC
Helicosol
KEGG_DRUG
Urea (13C)
KEGG_DRUG
Urea C13
KEGG_DRUG
A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.
potassium chloride
KCl
Kaliumchlorid
Kaon-Cl 10
Klor-con
Klotrix
Monopotassium chloride
[KCl]
muriate of potash
sylvite
potassium chloride
potassium chloride
IUPAC
KCl
IUPAC
Kaliumchlorid
ChEBI
Kaon-Cl 10
KEGG_DRUG
Klor-con
KEGG_DRUG
Klotrix
KEGG_DRUG
Monopotassium chloride
DrugBank
[KCl]
MolBase
muriate of potash
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
sylvite
ChEBI
An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.
Amide
amides
amide
Amide
KEGG_COMPOUND
amides
IUPAC
calcium carbonate
Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans.
application
A particle not known to have substructure.
elementary particle
elementary particles
fundamental particle
elementary particle
IUPAC
elementary particles
ChEBI
A monoatomic entity is a molecular entity consisting of a single atom.
atomic entity
monoatomic entities
monoatomic entity
atomic entity
ChEBI
monoatomic entities
ChEBI
oxoacid derivatives
oxoacid derivative
oxoacid derivatives
ChEBI
inorganic hydrides
inorganic hydride
inorganic hydrides
ChEBI
Any substituent group which does not contain carbon.
inorganic groups
inorganic group
inorganic groups
ChEBI
Any substituent group or skeleton containing carbon.
organic groups
organic group
organic groups
ChEBI
Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having one free valence at a carbon atom.
organyl group
organyl groups
groupe organyle
grupo organilo
grupos organilo
organyl group
organyl group
IUPAC
organyl groups
IUPAC
groupe organyle
IUPAC
grupo organilo
IUPAC
grupos organilo
IUPAC
A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element.
atom
atome
atomo
atoms
atomus
element
elements
atom
atom
IUPAC
atome
IUPAC
atomo
IUPAC
atoms
ChEBI
atomus
ChEBI
element
ChEBI
elements
ChEBI
A nucleus is the positively charged central portion of an atom, excluding the orbital electrons.
nucleus
Atomkern
Kern
noyau
noyau atomique
nuclei
nucleo
nucleo atomico
nucleus atomi
atomic nucleus
nucleus
IUPAC
Atomkern
ChEBI
Kern
ChEBI
noyau
IUPAC
noyau atomique
ChEBI
nuclei
ChEBI
nucleo
IUPAC
nucleo atomico
ChEBI
nucleus atomi
ChEBI
Heavy nuclear particle: proton or neutron.
nucleon
Nukleon
Nukleonen
nucleons
nucleon
nucleon
IUPAC
nucleon
IUPAC
Nukleon
ChEBI
Nukleonen
ChEBI
nucleons
ChEBI
A derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.
primary amide
primary amides
primary amide
primary amide
IUPAC
primary amides
IUPAC
A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number.
homoatomic entity
homoatomic molecular entities
homoatomic molecular entity
elemental molecular entity
homoatomic entity
ChEBI
homoatomic molecular entities
ChEBI
homoatomic molecular entity
ChEBI
elemental hydrogen
elemental oxygen
diatomic oxygen
diatomic nitrogen
elemental nitrogen
An anion consisting of more than one atom.
polyatomic anions
polyatomic anion
polyatomic anions
ChEBI
chemical messenger
molecular messenger
chemical messenger
ChEBI
A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow.
nutrients
nutrient
nutrients
ChEBI
A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms.
heteroorganic entities
organoelement compounds
heteroorganic entity
heteroorganic entities
ChEBI
organoelement compounds
ChEBI
An agrochemical is a substance that is used in agriculture or horticulture.
agrichemical
agrichemicals
agricultural chemicals
agrochemicals
agrochemical
agrichemical
ChEBI
agrichemicals
ChEBI
agricultural chemicals
ChEBI
agrochemicals
ChEBI
A fertilizer is any substance that is added to soil or water to assist the growth of plants.
fertiliser
fertilizers
fertilizer
fertiliser
ChEBI
fertilizers
ChEBI
A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkali metal.
alkali metal molecular entities
alkali metal molecular entity
alkali metal molecular entities
ChEBI
An alkaline earth molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkaline earth metal.
alkaline earth molecular entity
alkaline earth compounds
alkaline earth molecular entities
alkaline-earth compounds
alkaline earth molecular entity
alkaline earth molecular entity
ChEBI
alkaline earth compounds
ChEBI
alkaline earth molecular entities
ChEBI
alkaline-earth compounds
ChEBI
Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth.
pnictogens
group 15 elements
group V elements
nitrogenoideos
nitrogenoides
pnictogene
pnictogenes
pnictogen
pnictogens
IUPAC
group 15 elements
ChEBI
group V elements
ChEBI
nitrogenoideos
ChEBI
nitrogenoides
ChEBI
pnictogene
ChEBI
pnictogenes
ChEBI
A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen.
pnictogen molecular entity
pnictogen molecular entities
pnictogen molecular entity
pnictogen molecular entity
ChEBI
pnictogen molecular entities
ChEBI
Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table.
chalcogen
chalcogens
Chalkogen
Chalkogene
anfigeno
anfigenos
calcogeno
calcogenos
chalcogene
chalcogenes
group 16 elements
group VI elements
chalcogen
chalcogen
IUPAC
chalcogens
IUPAC
Chalkogen
ChEBI
Chalkogene
ChEBI
anfigeno
ChEBI
anfigenos
ChEBI
calcogeno
ChEBI
calcogenos
ChEBI
chalcogene
ChEBI
chalcogenes
ChEBI
group 16 elements
ChEBI
group VI elements
ChEBI
Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen.
chalcogen molecular entity
chalcogen compounds
chalcogen molecular entities
chalcogen molecular entity
chalcogen molecular entity
ChEBI
chalcogen compounds
ChEBI
chalcogen molecular entities
ChEBI
group 14 elements
carbon group element
carbon group elements
carbonoides
cristallogene
cristallogenes
group IV elements
carbon group element atom
group 14 elements
IUPAC
carbon group element
ChEBI
carbon group elements
ChEBI
carbonoides
ChEBI
cristallogene
ChEBI
cristallogenes
ChEBI
group IV elements
ChEBI
group 13 elements
Element der Borgruppe
boron group element
boron group elements
group III elements
boron group element atom
group 13 elements
IUPAC
Element der Borgruppe
ChEBI
boron group element
ChEBI
boron group elements
ChEBI
group III elements
ChEBI
An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table.
main group elements
Hauptgruppenelement
Hauptgruppenelemente
main group element
main group element atom
main group elements
IUPAC
Hauptgruppenelement
ChEBI
Hauptgruppenelemente
ChEBI
main group element
ChEBI
group 12 elements
zinc group element
zinc group elements
zinc group element atom
group 12 elements
IUPAC
zinc group element
ChEBI
zinc group elements
ChEBI
group 6 elements
chromium group element
chromium group elements
chromium group element atom
group 6 elements
IUPAC
chromium group element
ChEBI
chromium group elements
ChEBI
group 7 elements
manganese group element
manganese group elements
manganese group element atom
group 7 elements
IUPAC
manganese group element
ChEBI
manganese group elements
ChEBI
group 8 elements
iron group element
iron group elements
iron group element atom
group 8 elements
IUPAC
iron group element
ChEBI
iron group elements
ChEBI
group 11 elements
coinage metals
copper group element
copper group elements
copper group element atom
group 11 elements
IUPAC
coinage metals
ChEBI
copper group element
ChEBI
copper group elements
ChEBI
oxoacids of sulfur
sulfur oxoacids
sulfur oxoacid
oxoacids of sulfur
ChEBI
sulfur oxoacids
ChEBI
A hydracid is a compound which contains hydrogen that is not bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).
hydracid
hydracids
hydracid
hydracid
IUPAC
hydracids
ChEBI
pnictogen oxoacids
pnictogen oxoacid
pnictogen oxoacids
ChEBI
sulfur oxoacid derivative
sulfur oxoacid derivatives
sulfur oxoacid derivative
sulfur oxoacid derivative
ChEBI
sulfur oxoacid derivatives
ChEBI
monoatomic monoanions
monoatomic monoanion
monoatomic monoanions
ChEBI
elemental chlorine
atomic chlorine
monoatomic chlorine
atomic chlorine
ChEBI
monoatomic halogens
monoatomic halogen
monoatomic halogens
ChEBI
elemental halogen
elemental halogens
elemental halogen
elemental halogen
ChEBI
elemental halogens
ChEBI
diatomic chlorine
nitrogen oxoacids
oxoacids of nitrogen
nitrogen oxoacid
nitrogen oxoacids
ChEBI
oxoacids of nitrogen
ChEBI
A pnictogen oxoacid which contains phosphorus and oxygen, at least one hydrogen atom bound to oxygen, and forms an ion by the loss of one or more protons.
phosphorus oxoacid
Oxosaeure des Phosphors
oxoacids of phosphorus
phosphorus oxoacids
phosphorus oxoacid
phosphorus oxoacid
ChEBI
Oxosaeure des Phosphors
ChEBI
oxoacids of phosphorus
ChEBI
phosphorus oxoacids
ChEBI
nitrogen oxoanion
nitrogen oxoanions
oxoanions of nitrogen
nitrogen oxoanion
nitrogen oxoanion
ChEBI
nitrogen oxoanions
ChEBI
oxoanions of nitrogen
ChEBI
pnictogen oxoanion
pnictogen oxoanions
pnictogen oxoanion
pnictogen oxoanion
ChEBI
pnictogen oxoanions
ChEBI
phosphorus oxoanion
oxoanions of phosphorus
phosphorus oxoanions
phosphorus oxoanion
phosphorus oxoanion
ChEBI
oxoanions of phosphorus
ChEBI
phosphorus oxoanions
ChEBI
elemental pnictogen
elemental pnictogens
elemental pnictogen
elemental pnictogen
ChEBI
elemental pnictogens
ChEBI
sulfur oxoanion
oxoanions of sulfur
sulfur oxoanions
sulfur oxoanion
sulfur oxoanion
ChEBI
oxoanions of sulfur
ChEBI
sulfur oxoanions
ChEBI
chalcogen oxoacid
chalcogen oxoacids
chalcogen oxoacid
chalcogen oxoacid
ChEBI
chalcogen oxoacids
ChEBI
chalcogen oxoanion
chalcogen oxoanions
chalcogen oxoanion
chalcogen oxoanion
ChEBI
chalcogen oxoanions
ChEBI
alkali metal cations
alkali metal cation
alkali metal cations
ChEBI
alkaline earth cations
alkaline earth metal cation
alkaline-earth metal cations
alkaline earth cation
alkaline earth cations
ChEBI
alkaline earth metal cation
ChEBI
alkaline-earth metal cations
ChEBI
An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity.
elemental metal
elemental metals
metal element
metal elements
metals
metal atom
elemental metal
ChEBI
elemental metals
ChEBI
metal element
ChEBI
metal elements
ChEBI
metals
ChEBI
sulfur hydride
hydrides of sulfur
sulfur hydrides
sulphur hydrides
sulfur hydride
sulfur hydride
ChEBI
hydrides of sulfur
ChEBI
sulfur hydrides
ChEBI
sulphur hydrides
ChEBI
s-block element
s-block elements
s-block element atom
s-block element
ChEBI
s-block elements
ChEBI
Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table.
p-block element
p-block elements
p-block element atom
p-block element
ChEBI
p-block elements
ChEBI
d-block element
d-block elements
d-block element atom
d-block element
ChEBI
d-block elements
ChEBI
A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid.
carboxylic acid
carboxylic acids
Carbonsaeure
Carbonsaeuren
Karbonsaeure
RC(=O)OH
acide carboxylique
acides carboxyliques
acido carboxilico
acidos carboxilicos
carboxylic acid
carboxylic acid
IUPAC
carboxylic acids
IUPAC
Carbonsaeure
ChEBI
Carbonsaeuren
ChEBI
Karbonsaeure
ChEBI
RC(=O)OH
IUPAC
acide carboxylique
IUPAC
acides carboxyliques
IUPAC
acido carboxilico
IUPAC
acidos carboxilicos
IUPAC
A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table.
main group compounds
main group molecular entities
main group molecular entity
main group compounds
ChEBI
main group molecular entities
ChEBI
boron group molecular entities
boron group molecular entity
boron group molecular entities
ChEBI
carbon group molecular entity
carbon group molecular entities
carbon group molecular entity
carbon group molecular entity
ChEBI
carbon group molecular entities
ChEBI
noble gas molecular entity
Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring.
cyclic compounds
cyclic compound
cyclic compounds
ChEBI
hydrogen compounds
hydrogen molecular entities
hydrogen molecular entity
hydrogen compounds
ChEBI
hydrogen molecular entities
ChEBI
boron
trona elemental boron
elemental boron
boron
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
trona elemental boron
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character.
aromatic compounds
aromatic molecular entity
aromatics
aromatische Verbindungen
aromatic compound
aromatic compounds
IUPAC
aromatic molecular entity
IUPAC
aromatics
ChEBI
aromatische Verbindungen
ChEBI
organic aromatic compounds
organic aromatic compound
organic aromatic compounds
ChEBI
An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element.
s-block molecular entity
s-block compounds
s-block molecular entities
s-block molecular entity
s-block molecular entity
ChEBI
s-block compounds
ChEBI
s-block molecular entities
ChEBI
A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element.
p-block compounds
p-block molecular entities
p-block molecular entitiy
p-block molecular entity
p-block compounds
ChEBI
p-block molecular entities
ChEBI
p-block molecular entitiy
ChEBI
helium molecular entity
Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements.
hydrides
oxygen hydride
hydrides of oxygen
oxygen hydrides
oxygen hydride
oxygen hydride
ChEBI
hydrides of oxygen
ChEBI
oxygen hydrides
ChEBI
biomacromolecule
A cation consisting of more than one atom.
polyatomic cations
polyatomic cation
polyatomic cations
ChEBI
A carboxylic acid containing one or more amino groups.
Aminocarbonsaeure
Aminokarbonsaeure
Aminosaeure
amino acids
amino acid
Aminocarbonsaeure
ChEBI
Aminokarbonsaeure
ChEBI
Aminosaeure
ChEBI
amino acids
ChEBI
Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring.
organic cyclic compounds
organic cyclic compound
organic cyclic compounds
ChEBI
macromolecule
A substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances.
reagent
reactif
reactivo
reagents
reagent
reagent
IUPAC
reactif
IUPAC
reactivo
IUPAC
reagents
ChEBI
macronutrients
macronutrient
macronutrients
ChEBI
halide salts
halides
halide salt
halide salts
ChEBI
halides
ChEBI
metallic bases
metallic base
metallic bases
ChEBI
alkaline earth base
alkaline earth bases
alkaline earth hydroxides
alkaline-earth bases
alkaline-earth hydroxides
alkaline earth hydroxide
alkaline earth base
ChEBI
alkaline earth bases
ChEBI
alkaline earth hydroxides
ChEBI
alkaline-earth bases
ChEBI
alkaline-earth hydroxides
ChEBI
nitrogen hydrides
nitrogen hydride
nitrogen hydrides
ChEBI
Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.
azanes
azane
azanes
ChEBI
calcium hydroxides
calcium hydroxide
calcium hydroxides
ChEBI
elemental calcium
Kalziumsalz
Kalziumsalze
calcium salts
calcium salt
Kalziumsalz
ChEBI
Kalziumsalze
ChEBI
calcium salts
ChEBI
sulfate salts
sulfates
sulphate salts
sulphates
sulfate salt
sulfate salts
ChEBI
sulfates
ChEBI
sulphate salts
ChEBI
sulphates
ChEBI
A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction.
inhibitor
inhibidor
inhibiteur
inhibitors
inhibitor
inhibitor
IUPAC
inhibidor
ChEBI
inhibiteur
ChEBI
inhibitors
ChEBI
A substance that increases the rate of a reaction without modifying the overall standard Gibbs energy change in the reaction.
catalyst
Katalysator
catalizador
catalyseur
catalyst
catalyst
IUPAC
Katalysator
ChEBI
catalizador
ChEBI
catalyseur
ChEBI
Ammonium, NH4(+), and derivatives formed by substitution by univalent groups.
ammonium ions
azanium ions
ammonium ion
ammonium ions
ChEBI
azanium ions
ChEBI
Compounds (NH4(+))Y(-) and derivatives, in which one or more of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent groups.
azanium compounds
ammonium compounds
ammonium compound
azanium compounds
IUPAC
ammonium compounds
ChEBI
ammonium compounds
IUPAC
Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.
organonitrogen compounds
organonitrogens
organonitrogen compound
organonitrogen compounds
IUPAC
organonitrogens
ChEBI
An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen.
oxoanion
oxoacid anions
oxoanions
oxoanion
oxoanion
ChEBI
oxoacid anions
ChEBI
oxoanions
ChEBI
alkali metal salts
alkali metal salt
alkali metal salts
ChEBI
A drug that affects the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter or blood volume.
cardiovascular agent
cardiovascular drugs
cardiovascular drug
cardiovascular agent
ChEBI
cardiovascular drugs
ChEBI
A negative ion consisting solely of carbon and oxygen atoms, and therefore having the general formula CxOy(n-) for some integers x, y and n.
carbon oxoanion
carbon oxoanions
oxocarbon anion
oxocarbon anions
carbon oxoanion
carbon oxoanion
ChEBI
carbon oxoanions
ChEBI
oxocarbon anion
ChEBI
oxocarbon anions
ChEBI
carbon oxoacids
oxoacids of carbon
carbon oxoacid
carbon oxoacids
ChEBI
oxoacids of carbon
ChEBI
A drug used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.
vasodilator
vasodilator agents
vasodilator agent
vasodilator
ChEBI
vasodilator agents
ChEBI
A phosphorus oxoanion that is the conjugate base of phosphoric acid.
Pi
phosphate
phosphate ions
phosphate ion
Pi
ChEBI
phosphate
ChEBI
phosphate ions
ChEBI
pnictogen hydride
pnictogen hydrides
pnictogen hydride
pnictogen hydride
ChEBI
pnictogen hydrides
ChEBI
inorganic chloride salt
inorganic chloride salts
inorganic chlorides
inorganic chloride
inorganic chloride salt
ChEBI
inorganic chloride salts
ChEBI
inorganic chlorides
ChEBI
Lepton is a fermion that does not experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek lambdaepsilonpitauomicronsigma (small, thin).
leptons
lepton
leptons
ChEBI
Baryon is a fermion that does experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek betaalpharhoupsilonsigma (heavy).
baryons
baryon
baryons
ChEBI
Particle of half-integer spin quantum number following Fermi-Dirac statistics. Fermions are named after Enrico Fermi.
fermion
fermions
fermion
fermion
IUPAC
fermions
ChEBI
A particle smaller than an atom.
subatomic particles
subatomic particle
subatomic particles
ChEBI
A subatomic particle known to have substructure (i.e. consisting of smaller particles).
composite particles
composite particle
composite particles
ChEBI
Hadron is a subatomic particle which experiences the strong force.
hadrons
hadron
hadrons
ChEBI
A nucleus or any of its constituents in any of their energy states.
nuclear particle
nuclear particle
nuclear particle
IUPAC
Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom.
polyatomic entities
polyatomic entity
polyatomic entities
ChEBI
An ion consisting of more than one atom.
polyatomic ions
polyatomic ion
polyatomic ions
ChEBI
phosphorus oxoacid derivative
phosphorus oxoacid derivative
phosphorus oxoacid derivative
ChEBI
phosphorus oxoacids and derivatives
phosphorus oxoacids and derivatives
phosphorus oxoacids and derivatives
ChEBI
alkaline earth salts
alkaline earth salt
alkaline earth salts
ChEBI
Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives.
carbonyl compounds
carbonyl compound
carbonyl compounds
IUPAC
Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element.
oxo compounds
organic oxo compounds
organic oxo compound
oxo compounds
IUPAC
organic oxo compounds
ChEBI
monoanions
monoanion
monoanions
ChEBI
chalcogen hydride
chalcogen hydrides
chalcogen hydride
chalcogen hydride
ChEBI
chalcogen hydrides
ChEBI
argon molecular entity
inorganic ions
inorganic ion
inorganic ions
ChEBI
inorganic cations
inorganic cation
inorganic cations
ChEBI
A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton.
Cation
cation
Kation
Kationen
cationes
cations
cation
Cation
KEGG_COMPOUND
cation
ChEBI
cation
IUPAC
Kation
ChEBI
Kationen
ChEBI
cationes
ChEBI
cations
ChEBI
chalcocarbonic acid
chalcocarbonic acids
chalcocarbonic acids
chalcocarbonic acid
chalcocarbonic acid
ChEBI
chalcocarbonic acids
IUPAC
chalcocarbonic acids
ChEBI
An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond.
organochalcogen compound
organochalcogen compounds
organochalcogen compound
organochalcogen compound
ChEBI
organochalcogen compounds
ChEBI
An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond.
organooxygen compound
organooxygen compounds
organooxygen compound
organooxygen compound
ChEBI
organooxygen compounds
ChEBI
amino-acid anion
amino acid anions
amino-acid anions
amino-acid anion
amino-acid anion
ChEBI
amino acid anions
ChEBI
amino-acid anions
ChEBI
mononuclear parent hydrides
mononuclear hydride
mononuclear hydrides
mononuclear parent hydride
mononuclear parent hydrides
IUPAC
mononuclear hydride
ChEBI
mononuclear hydrides
IUPAC
elemental potassium
An acid is a molecular entity capable of donating a hydron (Bronsted acid) or capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (Lewis acid).
Acid
acid
Saeure
Saeuren
acide
acido
acids
an acid
acid
Acid
KEGG_COMPOUND
acid
IUPAC
Saeure
ChEBI
Saeuren
ChEBI
acide
IUPAC
acido
ChEBI
acids
ChEBI
an acid
UniProt
A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements.
chemical compound
heteroatomic molecular entities
heteroatomic molecular entity
chemical compound
ChEBI
heteroatomic molecular entities
ChEBI
Any heteroatomic molecular entity that is a chemical compound of halogen with other chemical elements.
halides
halide
halides
ChEBI
An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom.
carboxamides
carboxamides
primary carboxamide
carboxamide
carboxamides
IUPAC
carboxamides
ChEBI
primary carboxamide
ChEBI
sulfuric acid derivative
sulfuric acid derivatives
sulfuric acid derivative
sulfuric acid derivative
ChEBI
sulfuric acid derivatives
ChEBI
A carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of at least one OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid.
carboacyl groups
carboxylic acyl group
carboxylic acyl groups
carboacyl group
carboacyl groups
IUPAC
carboxylic acyl group
IUPAC
carboxylic acyl groups
IUPAC
inorganic sodium salt
calcium cation
calcium cations
calcium cation
calcium cation
ChEBI
calcium cations
ChEBI
calcium ion
calcium ions
calcium ion
calcium ion
ChEBI
calcium ions
ChEBI
A molecular entity capable of donating a hydron to an acceptor (Bronsted base).
Bronsted acid
Bronsted-Saeure
acide de Bronsted
donneur d'hydron
hydron donor
Bronsted acid
Bronsted acid
IUPAC
Bronsted-Saeure
ChEBI
acide de Bronsted
IUPAC
donneur d'hydron
IUPAC
hydron donor
IUPAC
A molecular entity capable of accepting a hydron from a donor (Bronsted acid).
Bronsted base
Bronsted-Base
accepteur d'hydron
base de Bronsted
hydron acceptor
Bronsted base
Bronsted base
IUPAC
Bronsted-Base
ChEBI
accepteur d'hydron
IUPAC
base de Bronsted
IUPAC
hydron acceptor
IUPAC
A molecular entity able to provide a pair of electrons and thus capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron-pair acceptor (Lewis acid), thereby producing a Lewis adduct.
Lewis base
Lewis-Base
base de Lewis
donneur d'une paire d'electrons
electron donor
Lewis base
Lewis base
IUPAC
Lewis-Base
ChEBI
base de Lewis
IUPAC
donneur d'une paire d'electrons
ChEBI
electron donor
ChEBI
A monovalent inorganic anion that consists of phosphoric acid in which one of the three OH groups has been deprotonated.
dihydrogen(tetraoxidophosphate)(1-)
dihydrogenphosphate
dihydrogentetraoxophosphate(1-)
dihydrogentetraoxophosphate(V)
dihydroxidodioxidophosphate(1-)
DIHYDROGENPHOSPHATE ION
H2PO4(-)
[PO2(OH)2](-)
dihydrogenphosphate
dihydrogen(tetraoxidophosphate)(1-)
IUPAC
dihydrogenphosphate
IUPAC
dihydrogentetraoxophosphate(1-)
IUPAC
dihydrogentetraoxophosphate(V)
IUPAC
dihydroxidodioxidophosphate(1-)
IUPAC
DIHYDROGENPHOSPHATE ION
PDBeChem
H2PO4(-)
IUPAC
[PO2(OH)2](-)
IUPAC
carbonate
trioxidocarbonate(2-)
CARBONATE ION
CO3(2-)
Karbonat
[CO3](2-)
carbonate
carbonate
IUPAC
trioxidocarbonate(2-)
IUPAC
CARBONATE ION
PDBeChem
CO3(2-)
ChEBI
Karbonat
ChEBI
[CO3](2-)
IUPAC
HYDROXY GROUP
hydroxy
hydroxy group
oxidanyl
-OH
hydroxyl
hydroxyl group
hydroxy group
HYDROXY GROUP
PDBeChem
hydroxy
IUPAC
hydroxy group
UniProt
oxidanyl
IUPAC
-OH
IUPAC
hydroxyl
ChEBI
hydroxyl group
ChEBI
A phosphate ion that is the conjugate base of dihydrogenphosphate.
hydrogen(tetraoxidophosphate)(2-)
hydrogenphosphate
hydrogentetraoxophosphate(2-)
hydrogentetraoxophosphate(V)
hydroxidotrioxidophosphate(2-)
HPO4(2-)
HYDROGENPHOSPHATE ION
INORGANIC PHOSPHATE GROUP
[P(OH)O3](2-)
[PO3(OH)](2-)
hydrogen phosphate
phosphate
hydrogenphosphate
hydrogen(tetraoxidophosphate)(2-)
IUPAC
hydrogenphosphate
IUPAC
hydrogentetraoxophosphate(2-)
IUPAC
hydrogentetraoxophosphate(V)
IUPAC
hydroxidotrioxidophosphate(2-)
IUPAC
HPO4(2-)
IUPAC
HYDROGENPHOSPHATE ION
PDBeChem
INORGANIC PHOSPHATE GROUP
PDBeChem
[P(OH)O3](2-)
MolBase
[PO3(OH)](2-)
IUPAC
hydrogen phosphate
ChEBI
phosphate
UniProt
hydrogen(tetraoxidosulfate)(1-)
hydrogensulfate
hydrogensulfate(1-)
hydrogentetraoxosulfate(1-)
hydrogentetraoxosulfate(VI)
hydroxidotrioxidosulfate(1-)
HSO4(-)
HYDROGEN SULFATE
[SO3(OH)](-)
hydrogensulfate
hydrogen(tetraoxidosulfate)(1-)
IUPAC
hydrogensulfate
IUPAC
hydrogensulfate(1-)
IUPAC
hydrogentetraoxosulfate(1-)
IUPAC
hydrogentetraoxosulfate(VI)
IUPAC
hydroxidotrioxidosulfate(1-)
IUPAC
HSO4(-)
IUPAC
HYDROGEN SULFATE
PDBeChem
[SO3(OH)](-)
IUPAC
OXO GROUP
oxo
=O
oxo group
OXO GROUP
PDBeChem
oxo
IUPAC
=O
IUPAC
mineral
carbonate salt
A liquid that can dissolve other substances (solutes) without any change in their chemical composition.
Loesungsmittel
solvant
solvents
solvent
Loesungsmittel
ChEBI
solvant
ChEBI
solvents
ChEBI
CARBOXY GROUP
carboxy
-C(O)OH
-CO2H
-COOH
carboxyl group
carboxy group
CARBOXY GROUP
PDBeChem
carboxy
IUPAC
-C(O)OH
IUPAC
-CO2H
ChEBI
-COOH
IUPAC
carboxyl group
ChEBI
ammonium salt
Ammoniumsalz
Ammoniumsalze
ammonium salts
ammonium salt
ammonium salt
ChEBI
Ammoniumsalz
ChEBI
Ammoniumsalze
ChEBI
ammonium salts
ChEBI
A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms.
Nitric acid
hydrogen trioxonitrate(1-)
hydroxidodioxidonitrogen
trioxonitric acid
HNO3
HONO2
Salpetersaeure
[NO2(OH)]
acide azotique
acide nitrique
azotic acid
hydrogen nitrate
nitric acid
Nitric acid
KEGG_COMPOUND
hydrogen trioxonitrate(1-)
IUPAC
hydroxidodioxidonitrogen
IUPAC
trioxonitric acid
IUPAC
HNO3
IUPAC
HONO2
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
Salpetersaeure
ChemIDplus
[NO2(OH)]
IUPAC
acide azotique
ChEBI
acide nitrique
ChemIDplus
azotic acid
ChemIDplus
hydrogen nitrate
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
Schwefeloxide
oxides of sulfur
sulfur oxides
sulfur oxide
Schwefeloxide
ChEBI
oxides of sulfur
ChEBI
sulfur oxides
ChEBI
calcium oxides
A solvent that is composed of polar molecules. Polar solvents can dissolve ionic compounds or ionisable covalent compounds.
polar solvent
polar solvents
polar solvent
polar solvent
IUPAC
polar solvents
ChEBI
A polar solvent that is capable of acting as a hydron (proton) donor.
protogenic solvent
protic solvent
protogenic solvent
IUPAC
protophilic solvent
HBA solvent
hydrogen bond acceptor solvent
protophilic solvent
protophilic solvent
IUPAC
HBA solvent
ChEBI
hydrogen bond acceptor solvent
ChEBI
amphiprotic solvent
amphiprotic solvent
amphiprotic solvent
IUPAC
carbamimidic acid
H2N-C(=NH)-OH
H2N-C(OH)=NH
HO-C(=NH)-NH2
Isoharnstoff
carbamimic acid
carbonamidimidic acid
isourea
pseudourea
carbamimidic acid
carbamimidic acid
IUPAC
H2N-C(=NH)-OH
IUPAC
H2N-C(OH)=NH
IUPAC
HO-C(=NH)-NH2
IUPAC
Isoharnstoff
ChEBI
carbamimic acid
ChemIDplus
carbonamidimidic acid
IUPAC
isourea
ChemIDplus
pseudourea
ChemIDplus
Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing =O by =NR; thus tautomers of amides. In organic chemistry an unspecified imidic acid is generally a carboximidic acid, RC(=NR)(OH).
imidic acid
imidic acids
imidic acids
imino acids
imidic acid
imidic acid
ChEBI
imidic acids
IUPAC
imidic acids
ChEBI
imino acids
IUPAC
carboximidic acid
carboximidic acids
carboximidic acids
carboximidic acid
carboximidic acid
ChEBI
carboximidic acids
IUPAC
carboximidic acids
ChEBI
A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.
isoureas
isoureas
isourea
isoureas
IUPAC
isoureas
ChEBI
hydrogen
1H
H
Wasserstoff
hidrogeno
hydrogen
hydrogene
hydrogen atom
hydrogen
IUPAC
1H
IUPAC
H
IUPAC
Wasserstoff
ChEBI
hidrogeno
ChEBI
hydrogen
ChEBI
hydrogene
ChEBI
A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups.
organic amino compounds
organic amino compound
organic amino compounds
ChEBI
onium compound
onium compounds
onium compounds
onium compound
onium compound
ChEBI
onium compounds
IUPAC
onium compounds
ChEBI
Mononuclear cations derived by addition of a hydron to a mononuclear parent hydride of the pnictogen, chalcogen and halogen families.
onium cations
onium cations
onium ion
onium ions
onium cation
onium cations
IUPAC
onium cations
ChEBI
onium ion
ChEBI
onium ions
ChEBI
chloranium
chloronium
H2Cl(+)
[ClH2](+)
chloronium
chloranium
IUPAC
chloronium
IUPAC
H2Cl(+)
IUPAC
[ClH2](+)
IUPAC
Any molecular entity that contains carbon.
organic compounds
organic entity
organic molecular entities
organic molecular entity
organic compounds
ChEBI
organic entity
ChEBI
organic molecular entities
ChEBI
A role played by a chemical compound to induce direct or indirect DNA damage. Such damage can potentially lead to the formation of a malignant tumour, but DNA damage does not lead inevitably to the creation of cancerous cells.
genotoxic agent
genotoxic agents
genotoxins
genotoxin
genotoxic agent
ChEBI
genotoxic agents
ChEBI
genotoxins
ChEBI
A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit.
role
A poison that interferes with the functions of the nervous system.
agente neurotoxico
nerve poison
nerve poisons
neurotoxic agent
neurotoxic agents
neurotoxicant
neurotoxins
neurotoxin
agente neurotoxico
ChEBI
nerve poison
ChEBI
nerve poisons
ChEBI
neurotoxic agent
ChEBI
neurotoxic agents
ChEBI
neurotoxicant
ChEBI
neurotoxins
ChEBI
nitrate salts
nitrate salt
nitrate salts
ChEBI
inorganic nitrate salts
inorganic nitrates
inorganic nitrate salt
inorganic nitrate salts
ChEBI
inorganic nitrates
ChEBI
A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context.
chemical role
Nitrogenous compounds
nitrogen compounds
nitrogen molecular entities
nitrogen molecular entity
Nitrogenous compounds
KEGG_COMPOUND
nitrogen compounds
ChEBI
nitrogen molecular entities
ChEBI
Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having two free valences at carbon atom(s).
organodiyl groups
organodiyl group
organodiyl groups
ChEBI
organic divalent group
organic monovalent group
organic univalent group
organic monovalent group
ChEBI
A biological role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biochemical context.
biochemical role
A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof which causes the development of a pathological process.
etiopathogenetic agent
etiopathogenetic role
aetiopathogenetic role
etiopathogenetic agent
ChEBI
etiopathogenetic role
ChEBI
physiological role
Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.
farmaco
medicament
pharmaceuticals
pharmaceutical
farmaco
ChEBI
medicament
ChEBI
pharmaceuticals
ChEBI
inorganic hydroxides
inorganic hydroxy compound
inorganic hydroxides
ChEBI
Compounds containing one or more phosphoric acid units.
phosphoric acids
A reagent that forms a bond to its reaction partner (the electrophile) by donating both bonding electrons.
nucleophile
nucleophiles
nucleophilic reagents
nucleophilic reagent
nucleophile
ChEBI
nucleophiles
ChEBI
nucleophilic reagents
ChEBI
A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types.
Chemische Substanz
chemical substance
Chemische Substanz
ChEBI
A mixture is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, at least two of which are of a different kind.
Mischung
mixture
Mischung
ChEBI
A metal cation with a valence of two.
a divalent metal cation
divalent metal cation
a divalent metal cation
UniProt
An atom or small molecule with a positive charge that does not contain carbon in covalent linkage, with a valency of one.
a monovalent cation
monovalent inorganic cation
a monovalent cation
UniProt
A molecular messenger in which the molecule is specifically involved in transmitting information between cells. Such molecules are released from the cell sending the signal, cross over the gap between cells by diffusion, and interact with specific receptors in another cell, triggering a response in that cell by activating a series of enzyme controlled reactions which lead to changes inside the cell.
signal molecule
signal molecules
signaling molecule
signaling molecules
signalling molecules
signalling molecule
signal molecule
ChEBI
signal molecules
ChEBI
signaling molecule
ChEBI
signaling molecules
ChEBI
signalling molecules
ChEBI
A family of nitrogen molecular entities which are highly reactive and derived from nitric oxide (.NO) and superoxide (O2.(-)) produced via the enzymatic activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) and NADPH oxidase respectively.
RNI
RNS
reactive nitrogen species
RNI
SUBMITTER
RNS
SUBMITTER
An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.
diazanium sulfate
(NH4)2SO4
ammonium sulfate (2:1)
ammonium sulphate
diammonium sulfate
mascagnite
sulfuric acid ammonium salt (1:2)
sulfuric acid, diammonium salt
ammonium sulfate
diazanium sulfate
IUPAC
(NH4)2SO4
ChEBI
ammonium sulfate (2:1)
ChemIDplus
ammonium sulphate
SUBMITTER
diammonium sulfate
IUPAC
mascagnite
ChemIDplus
sulfuric acid ammonium salt (1:2)
ChemIDplus
sulfuric acid, diammonium salt
ChemIDplus
The ammonium salt of phosphoric acid (molar ratio 1:1).
ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
Ammonium acid phosphate
Ammonium biphosphate
Ammonium diacid phosphate
Ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate
Ammonium dihydrophosphate
Ammonium monobasic phosphate
Ammonium monophosphate
Ammonium orthophosphate dihydrogen
Dihydrogen ammonium phosphate
Monoammonium acid phosphate
Monoammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate
Monoammonium dihydrogen phosphate
Monoammonium hydrogen phosphate
Monoammonium orthophosphate
Monoammonium phosphate
Monobasic ammonium phosphate
Phosphoric acid, monoammonium salt
Primary ammonium phosphate
monoammonium phosphate
ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
IUPAC
Ammonium acid phosphate
ChemIDplus
Ammonium biphosphate
ChemIDplus
Ammonium diacid phosphate
ChemIDplus
Ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate
ChemIDplus
Ammonium dihydrophosphate
ChemIDplus
Ammonium monobasic phosphate
ChemIDplus
Ammonium monophosphate
ChemIDplus
Ammonium orthophosphate dihydrogen
ChemIDplus
Dihydrogen ammonium phosphate
ChemIDplus
Monoammonium acid phosphate
ChemIDplus
Monoammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate
ChemIDplus
Monoammonium dihydrogen phosphate
ChemIDplus
Monoammonium hydrogen phosphate
ChemIDplus
Monoammonium orthophosphate
ChemIDplus
Monoammonium phosphate
ChemIDplus
Monobasic ammonium phosphate
ChemIDplus
Phosphoric acid, monoammonium salt
ChemIDplus
Primary ammonium phosphate
ChemIDplus
monoammonium phosphate
SUBMITTER
The ammonium salt of nitric acid.
Ammonium nitricum
Ammonium saltpeter
Ammonium(I) nitrate (1:1)
Nitrate d'ammonium
Nitrate of ammonia
Nitrato amonico
Nitric acid ammonium salt (1:1)
Nitric acid, ammonium salt
Norway saltpeter
ammonium nitrate
Ammonium nitricum
ChemIDplus
Ammonium saltpeter
ChemIDplus
Ammonium(I) nitrate (1:1)
ChemIDplus
Nitrate d'ammonium
ChemIDplus
Nitrate of ammonia
ChemIDplus
Nitrato amonico
ChemIDplus
Nitric acid ammonium salt (1:1)
ChemIDplus
Nitric acid, ammonium salt
ChemIDplus
Norway saltpeter
ChemIDplus
The inorganic nitrate salt of potassium.
potassium nitrate
Kaliumnitrat
Niter
Nitrate of potash
Nitre
Nitric acid, potassium salt
Salt peter
Saltpeter
saltpetre
potassium nitrate
potassium nitrate
IUPAC
Kaliumnitrat
ChemIDplus
Niter
ChemIDplus
Nitrate of potash
ChemIDplus
Nitre
ChemIDplus
Nitric acid, potassium salt
ChemIDplus
Salt peter
ChemIDplus
Saltpeter
ChemIDplus
saltpetre
SUBMITTER
An inorganic phosphate, being the diammonium salt of phosphoric acid.
Diammonium hydrogen phosphate
diammonium hydrogen phosphate
diazanium hydrogen phosphate
Ammonium monohydrogen orthophosphate
Ammonium orthophosphate dibasic
Ammonium phosphate
Ammonium phosphate, dibasic
Diammonium acid phosphate
Diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate
Diammonium monohydrogen phosphate
Diammonium orthophosphate
Dibasic ammonium phosphate
Hydrogen diammonium phosphate
Phosphoric acid, diammonium salt
Secondary ammonium phosphate
ammonium monohydrogen phosphate
ammonium phosphate dibasic
diammonium phosphate
diammonium hydrogen phosphate
Diammonium hydrogen phosphate
ChemIDplus
diammonium hydrogen phosphate
IUPAC
diazanium hydrogen phosphate
IUPAC
Ammonium monohydrogen orthophosphate
ChemIDplus
Ammonium orthophosphate dibasic
ChemIDplus
Ammonium phosphate
ChemIDplus
Ammonium phosphate, dibasic
ChemIDplus
Diammonium acid phosphate
ChemIDplus
Diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate
ChemIDplus
Diammonium monohydrogen phosphate
ChemIDplus
Diammonium orthophosphate
ChemIDplus
Dibasic ammonium phosphate
ChemIDplus
Hydrogen diammonium phosphate
ChemIDplus
Phosphoric acid, diammonium salt
ChemIDplus
Secondary ammonium phosphate
ChemIDplus
ammonium monohydrogen phosphate
SUBMITTER
ammonium phosphate dibasic
SUBMITTER
diammonium phosphate
SUBMITTER
A substance that removes electrons from another reactant in a redox reaction.
oxidant
oxidants
oxidiser
oxidisers
oxidising agents
oxidizer
oxidizers
oxidizing agent
oxidizing agents
oxidising agent
oxidant
ChEBI
oxidants
ChEBI
oxidiser
ChEBI
oxidisers
ChEBI
oxidising agents
ChEBI
oxidizer
ChEBI
oxidizers
ChEBI
oxidizing agent
ChEBI
oxidizing agents
ChEBI
A substance capable of undergoing rapid and highly exothermic decomposition.
explosive compound
explosive compounds
explosive material
explosives
explosives chemical
explosives chemicals
explosive
explosive compound
ChEBI
explosive compounds
ChEBI
explosive material
ChEBI
explosives
ChEBI
explosives chemical
ChEBI
explosives chemicals
ChEBI
Any substance which is added to food to preserve or enhance its flavour and/or appearance.
food additives
food additive
food additives
ChEBI
A food additive that is used to change or otherwise control the acidity or alkalinity of foods. They may be acids, bases, neutralising agents or buffering agents.
acidity regulator
acidity regulators
food acidity regulators
pH control agent
pH control agents
food acidity regulator
acidity regulator
ChEBI
acidity regulators
ChEBI
food acidity regulators
ChEBI
pH control agent
ChEBI
pH control agents
ChEBI
Inorganic nitrate salt of calcium.
calcium dinitrate
Calcium saltpeter
Calcium(II) nitrate (1:2)
Lime nitrate
Lime saltpeter
Nitric acid, calcium salt
Norge saltpeter
Norway saltpeter
Norwegian saltpeter
Saltpeter
anhydrous calcium nitrate
calcium nitrate
calcium dinitrate
IUPAC
Calcium saltpeter
ChemIDplus
Calcium(II) nitrate (1:2)
ChemIDplus
Lime nitrate
ChemIDplus
Lime saltpeter
ChemIDplus
Nitric acid, calcium salt
ChemIDplus
Norge saltpeter
ChemIDplus
Norway saltpeter
ChemIDplus
Norwegian saltpeter
ChemIDplus
Saltpeter
ChemIDplus
anhydrous calcium nitrate
ChEBI
A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.
lignin
A food additive which is added to flour or dough to improve baking quality and/or colour.
flour treatment agent
dough improver
dough improvers
improving agent
improving agents
flour treatment agent
flour treatment agent
ChEBI
dough improver
ChEBI
dough improvers
ChEBI
improving agent
ChEBI
improving agents
ChEBI
An inorganic cation with a valency of two.
divalent inorganic cation
An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1).
one-carbon compounds
one-carbon compound
one-carbon compounds
ChEBI
Any organic molecular entity that is acidic and contains carbon in covalent linkage.
organic acids
organic acid
organic acids
ChEBI
Any substance that causes disturbance to organisms by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by the organism.
poisonous agent
poisonous agents
poisonous substance
poisonous substances
poisons
toxic agent
toxic agents
toxic substance
toxic substances
poison
poisonous agent
ChEBI
poisonous agents
ChEBI
poisonous substance
ChEBI
poisonous substances
ChEBI
poisons
ChEBI
toxic agent
ChEBI
toxic agents
ChEBI
toxic substance
ChEBI
toxic substances
ChEBI
Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity.
organic compound
organic compounds
organic molecules
organic molecule
organic compound
ChEBI
organic compounds
ChEBI
organic molecules
ChEBI
A compound that causes the contraction of body tissues, typically used to reduce bleeding from minor abrasions.
adstringent
adstringents
astringents
astringent
adstringent
ChEBI
adstringents
ChEBI
astringents
ChEBI
Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in eukaryotes, the taxon that include members of the fungi, plantae and animalia kingdoms.
eukaryotic metabolites
eukaryotic metabolite
eukaryotic metabolites
ChEBI
Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in animals that include diverse creatures from sponges, insects to mammals.
animal metabolites
animal metabolite
animal metabolites
ChEBI
Any animal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in mammals.
mammalian metabolites
mammalian metabolite
mammalian metabolites
ChEBI
Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus).
Mus musculus metabolite
Mus musculus metabolites
mouse metabolites
mouse metabolite
Mus musculus metabolite
ChEBI
Mus musculus metabolites
ChEBI
mouse metabolites
ChEBI
Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
S. cerevisiae metabolite
S. cerevisiae metabolites
S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite
S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites
Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites
baker's yeast metabolite
baker's yeast metabolites
baker's yeast secondary metabolite
baker's yeast secondary metabolites
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
S. cerevisiae metabolite
ChEBI
S. cerevisiae metabolites
ChEBI
S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite
ChEBI
S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites
ChEBI
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites
ChEBI
Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites
ChEBI
baker's yeast metabolite
ChEBI
baker's yeast metabolites
ChEBI
baker's yeast secondary metabolite
ChEBI
baker's yeast secondary metabolites
ChEBI
Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in prokaryotes, the taxon that include members of domains such as the bacteria and archaea.
prokaryotic metabolites
prokaryotic metabolite
prokaryotic metabolites
ChEBI
A gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range, so contributing to the 'greenhouse effect'.
greenhouse gases
greenhouse gas
greenhouse gases
ChEBI
A compressed gas or liquid with a boiling point lower than room temperature which to used to propel and dispense liquids such as deodorants, insecticides, paints, etc. from aerosol cans.
propellants
propellant
propellants
ChEBI
Any enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase (EC 3.*.*.*).
EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitors
EC 3.* inhibitor
EC 3.* inhibitors
EC 3.*.*.* inhibitor
EC 3.*.*.* inhibitors
hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitor
hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitors
hydrolase inhibitor
hydrolase inhibitors
EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitor
EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitors
ChEBI
EC 3.* inhibitor
ChEBI
EC 3.* inhibitors
ChEBI
EC 3.*.*.* inhibitor
ChEBI
EC 3.*.*.* inhibitors
ChEBI
hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitor
ChEBI
hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitors
ChEBI
hydrolase inhibitor
ChEBI
hydrolase inhibitors
ChEBI
Any hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds (EC 3.5.*.*).
EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor
EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors
EC 3.5.* inhibitor
EC 3.5.* inhibitors
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor
EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor
ChEBI
EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors
ChEBI
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor
ChEBI
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors
ChEBI
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors
ChEBI
EC 3.5.* inhibitor
ChEBI
EC 3.5.* inhibitors
ChEBI
An EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*).
EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors
EC 3.5.1.* inhibitor
EC 3.5.1.* inhibitors
non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor
non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors
EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor
EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors
ChEBI
EC 3.5.1.* inhibitor
ChEBI
EC 3.5.1.* inhibitors
ChEBI
non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor
ChEBI
non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors
ChEBI
Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in fungi, the kingdom that includes microorganisms such as the yeasts and moulds.
fungal metabolites
fungal metabolite
fungal metabolites
ChEBI
Any prokaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in bacteria.
bacterial metabolite
Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli.
E.coli metabolite
E.coli metabolites
Escherichia coli metabolites
Escherichia coli metabolite
E.coli metabolite
ChEBI
E.coli metabolites
ChEBI
Escherichia coli metabolites
ChEBI
Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
H. sapiens metabolite
H. sapiens metabolites
Homo sapiens metabolite
Homo sapiens metabolites
human metabolite
H. sapiens metabolite
ChEBI
H. sapiens metabolites
ChEBI
Homo sapiens metabolite
ChEBI
Homo sapiens metabolites
ChEBI
An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of amidase (EC 3.5.1.4).
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitors
EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitor
EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitors
N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitor
N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitors
acylamidase inhibitor
acylamidase inhibitors
acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitor
acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitors
amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitor
amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitors
amidase inhibitor
amidase inhibitors
amidohydrolase inhibitor
amidohydrolase inhibitors
deaminase inhibitor
deaminase inhibitors
fatty acylamidase inhibitor
fatty acylamidase inhibitors
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitors
ChEBI
EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitor
ChEBI
EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitors
ChEBI
N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitor
ChEBI
N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitors
ChEBI
acylamidase inhibitor
ChEBI
acylamidase inhibitors
ChEBI
acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitor
ChEBI
acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitors
ChEBI
amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitor
ChEBI
amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitors
ChEBI
amidase inhibitor
ChEBI
amidase inhibitors
ChEBI
amidohydrolase inhibitor
ChEBI
amidohydrolase inhibitors
ChEBI
deaminase inhibitor
ChEBI
deaminase inhibitors
ChEBI
fatty acylamidase inhibitor
ChEBI
fatty acylamidase inhibitors
ChEBI
A food additive that is a (generally inert) gas which is used to envelop foodstuffs during packing and so protect them from unwanted chemical reactions such as food spoilage or oxidation during subsequent transport and storage. The term includes propellant gases, used to expel foods from a container.
food packaging gases
food packaging gas
food packaging gases
ChEBI
A propellant that is used to expel foods from an aerosol container.
food propellants
food propellant
food propellants
ChEBI
Any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants.
dietary component
dietary components
food components
food component
dietary component
ChEBI
dietary components
ChEBI
food components
ChEBI
A substance used in a thermodynamic heat pump cycle or refrigeration cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. Refrigerants are used in air-conditioning systems and freezers or refrigerators and are assigned a "R" number (by ASHRAE - formerly the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers), which is determined systematically according to their molecular structure.
refrigerants
refrigerant
refrigerants
ChEBI
Any inorganic anion with a valency of three.
trivalent inorganic anions
trivalent inorganic anion
trivalent inorganic anions
ChEBI
Any inorganic anion with a valency of two.
divalent inorganic anions
divalent inorganic anion
divalent inorganic anions
ChEBI
Any inorganic anion with a valency of one.
monovalent inorganic anions
monovalent inorganic anion
monovalent inorganic anions
ChEBI
An animal metabolite produced by arthropods such as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimps and krill.
crustacean metabolites
crustacean metabolite
crustacean metabolites
ChEBI
A Daphnia metabolite produced by the species Daphnia magna.
Daphnia magna metabolites
Daphnia magna metabolite
Daphnia magna metabolites
ChEBI
A crustacean metabolite produced by the genus of small planktonic arthropods, Daphnia
Daphnia metabolites
Daphnia metabolite
Daphnia metabolites
ChEBI
Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in algae including unicellular organisms like chlorella and diatoms to multicellular organisms like giant kelps and brown algae.
algal metabolites
algal metabolite
algal metabolites
ChEBI
A mixture consisting of urea (typically 40-45%), ammonium nitrate (30-35%) and water (30-20%). It is used as a nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture.
UAN
urea ammonium nitrate solution
urea ammonium nitrate
UAN
ChEBI
urea ammonium nitrate solution
ChEBI
A mixture obtained by combining ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate and water. It is widely used as a nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture.
CAN
nitro-limestone
calcium ammonium nitrate
CAN
ChEBI
nitro-limestone
ChEBI
cell
neuron
macroscopic spatial feature
geographic feature
An anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature
resulting from the influence of human beings on nature.
man-made feature
manmade feature
anthropogenic geographic feature
An anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature
resulting from the influence of human beings on nature.
ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088
administrative area
administrative division
administrative entity
boundary region
civil area
district
free trade zone
governed place
leased area (government)
leased zone (government)
neutral zone (political)
prefecture
protectorate
sheikdom
sultanate
trade zone
administrative region
administrative area
ADL:FTT
administrative division
ADL:FTT
administrative division
Getty:TGN
administrative entity
Getty:TGN
boundary region
ADL:FTT
civil area
ADL:FTT
district
ADL:FTT
free trade zone
ADL:FTT
governed place
ADL:FTT
leased area (government)
ADL:FTT
leased zone (government)
ADL:FTT
neutral zone (political)
ADL:FTT
prefecture
ADL:FTT
protectorate
ADL:FTT
sheikdom
ADL:FTT
sultanate
ADL:FTT
trade zone
ADL:FTT
A primary administrative division of a country, such as a state in the United States.
countries, 1st order division
first level subdivision
first-order administrative division
first-order administrative region
A primary administrative division of a country, such as a state in the United States.
Geonames:http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html
countries, 1st order division
ADL:FTT
first level subdivision
Getty:TGN
first-order administrative division
Geonames:feature
A subdivision of a first-order administrative division.
countries, 2nd order division
second level subdivision
second-order administrative division
second-order administrative region
A subdivision of a first-order administrative division.
Geonames:http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html
countries, 2nd order division
ADL:FTT
second level subdivision
Getty:TGN
second-order administrative division
Geonames:feature
A subdivision of a second-order administrative division.
barrio
countries, 3rd order division
third level subdivision
third-order administrative division
third-order administrative region
A subdivision of a second-order administrative division.
Geonames:http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html
barrio
ADL:FTT
countries, 3rd order division
ADL:FTT
third level subdivision
Getty:TGN
third-order administrative division
Geonames:feature
A political association with effective dominion over a geographic area.
nation
independent nation
independent political entity
independent sovereign nation
country
political entity
state
national geopolitical entity
A political association with effective dominion over a geographic area.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State
nation
ADL:FTT
independent nation
Getty:TGN
independent political entity
Getty:TGN
independent sovereign nation
Getty:TGN
country
ADL:FTT
political entity
ADL:FTT
A geographical feature associated with water.
OVERFALLS
eddy
fluvial feature
overfalls
hydrographic feature
A geographical feature associated with water.
MA:ma
OVERFALLS
USGS:SDTS
eddy
ADL:FTT
fluvial feature
ADL:FTT
overfalls
ADL:FTT
overfalls
Geonames:feature
Continuous saline-water bodies that surround the continents and fill the Earth's great depressions.
Ocean
ocean
ocean region
sea
ocean
Continuous saline-water bodies that surround the continents and fill the Earth's great depressions.
ADL:FTT
Ocean
NASA:earthrealm
ocean
Geonames:feature
ocean region
ADL:FTT
sea
USGS:SDTS
A large expanse of saline water usually connected with an ocean.
Sea
sea
channel
closed sea
marginal sea
open sea
open sound
open water
sea
A large expanse of saline water usually connected with an ocean.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea
Sea
NASA:earthrealm
sea
ADL:FTT
sea
Geonames:feature
closed sea
USGS:SDTS
marginal sea
USGS:SDTS
open sea
USGS:SDTS
open sound
USGS:SDTS
open water
USGS:SDTS
A geographical feature associated with water with a halinity above 30 ppt (roughly 35 g/L).
saline hydrographic feature
A geographical feature associated with water with a halinity above 30 ppt (roughly 35 g/L).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinity
A lake whose water contains a considerable concentration of dissolved salts.
salt lake
salina
soda lake
saline lake
A lake whose water contains a considerable concentration of dissolved salts.
MA:ma
salt lake
USGS:SDTS
salina
USGS:SDTS
A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained on a body of land.
catch basin
open water
tarn
broad
llyn
loch
lochan
lough
mere
mortlake
pasteuer lake
lake
A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained on a body of land.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake
catch basin
USGS:SDTS
open water
USGS:SDTS
tarn
ADL:FTT
lochan
ADL:FTT
mortlake
USGS:SDTS
pasteuer lake
USGS:SDTS
A stream which, through permanent or seasonal flow processes, moves from elevated land towards lower elevations through a definite channel and empties either into a sea, lake, or another river or ends on land as bed seepage and evapotranspiration exceed water supply.
rio
braided river
river
A stream which, through permanent or seasonal flow processes, moves from elevated land towards lower elevations through a definite channel and empties either into a sea, lake, or another river or ends on land as bed seepage and evapotranspiration exceed water supply.
ADL:FTT
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River
rio
ADL:FTT
rio
USGS:SDTS
braided river
USGS:SDTS
Linear body of water flowing on the Earth's surface.
watercourse
Stream
stream
streams
braided stream
fork (hydrographic
lode
millstream
stream bend
Creek
beck
brook
burn (hydrographic)
creek
rivulet
stream
Linear body of water flowing on the Earth's surface.
USGS:http://mapping.usgs.gov/www/ti/GNIS/gnis_users_guide_appendixc.html
watercourse
ADL:FTT
watercourse
USGS:SDTS
Stream
NASA:earthrealm
stream
Geonames:feature
streams
Geonames:feature
braided stream
USGS:SDTS
fork (hydrographic
ADL:FTT
lode
USGS:SDTS
stream bend
ADL:FTT
Creek
NASA:earthrealm
beck
USGS:SDTS
brook
ADL:FTT
brook
Getty:TGN
burn (hydrographic)
ADL:FTT
creek
ADL:FTT
creek
Getty:TGN
creek
USGS:SDTS
rivulet
USGS:SDTS
An artificial body of water, often contained by a dam, constructed for the purpose of water storage.
lake
reservoir
covered reservoir
reservoir
An artificial body of water, often contained by a dam, constructed for the purpose of water storage.
MA:ma
lake
USGS:SDTS
reservoir
Geonames:feature
covered reservoir
ADL:FTT
A cylindrical hole, pit, or tunnel drilled or dug down to a depth from which water, oil, or gas can be pumped or brought to the surface.
well
A cylindrical hole, pit, or tunnel drilled or dug down to a depth from which water, oil, or gas can be pumped or brought to the surface.
Geonames:feature
A point where groundwater or steam flows out of the ground, and is thus where the aquifer surface meets the ground surface or where there is a fissure.
SPRING
Spring
spring
seep
spring
A point where groundwater or steam flows out of the ground, and is thus where the aquifer surface meets the ground surface or where there is a fissure.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_%28hydrosphere%29#Classification
SPRING
USGS:SDTS
Spring
NASA:earthrealm
spring
Geonames:feature
seep
USGS:SDTS
A flowing body of water.
culvert
dredged channel
fork
gulch
gully
gut
gutter
kill
lode
narrows
overflow channel
passage
pup
race
ravine
reach
rill
rivulet
run
runnel
seachannel
seaway
spillway
stream
tideway
wash
water gap
awawa
barranca
beck
branch
brook
course
draw
moat
narrows
narrows (hydrographic)
watercourse
A flowing body of water.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watercourse
culvert
USGS:SDTS
dredged channel
USGS:SDTS
fork
USGS:SDTS
gulch
USGS:SDTS
gully
USGS:SDTS
gut
Getty:TGN
gut
USGS:SDTS
gutter
USGS:SDTS
kill
USGS:SDTS
lode
USGS:SDTS
narrows
Geonames:feature
narrows
USGS:SDTS
overflow channel
USGS:SDTS
passage
Getty:TGN
passage
USGS:SDTS
pup
USGS:SDTS
race
USGS:SDTS
ravine
USGS:SDTS
reach
Geonames:feature
reach
Getty:TGN
reach
USGS:SDTS
rill
USGS:SDTS
rivulet
USGS:SDTS
run
Getty:TGN
run
USGS:SDTS
runnel
USGS:SDTS
seachannel
USGS:SDTS
seaway
USGS:SDTS
spillway
Geonames:feature
spillway
USGS:SDTS
stream
ADL:FTT
tideway
USGS:SDTS
wash
USGS:SDTS
water gap
USGS:SDTS
awawa
USGS:SDTS
barranca
USGS:SDTS
beck
USGS:SDTS
branch
USGS:SDTS
brook
USGS:SDTS
course
USGS:SDTS
draw
USGS:SDTS
moat
USGS:SDTS
narrows
Getty:TGN
narrows (hydrographic)
ADL:FTT
A sheet of saline water separated from the open sea by sand or shingle banks. The sheet of water between an offshore reef, especially of coral and mainland. The sheet of water within a ring or horseshoe shaped atoll.
lake
LAGOON
Lagoon
lagoon
lagoons
laguna
barrier lagoon
lagoon
A sheet of saline water separated from the open sea by sand or shingle banks. The sheet of water between an offshore reef, especially of coral and mainland. The sheet of water within a ring or horseshoe shaped atoll.
USGS:SDTS
lake
ADL:FTT
LAGOON
USGS:SDTS
Lagoon
NASA:earthrealm
lagoon
Geonames:feature
lagoons
Geonames:feature
laguna
ADL:FTT
laguna
USGS:SDTS
barrier lagoon
USGS:SDTS
An area that is inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions.
WETLAND
Wetland
wetland
EstuarineWetland
LacustrineWetland
MarineWetland
PalustrineWetland
RiparianWetland
TerrestialWetland
back marsh
backswamp
backwater
barrier flat
blanket bog
bog
cienaga
dismal
everglade
floating marsh
forested wetland
marsh
mire
mud flat
peat cutting area
peatland
quagmire
quaking bog
riparian area
slash
slough
slue
swamp forest
tulelands
WetlandRegion
moor
morass
muskeg
wetland
An area that is inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland
WETLAND
USGS:SDTS
Wetland
NASA:earthrealm
wetland
Geonames:feature
EstuarineWetland
NASA:earthrealm
LacustrineWetland
NASA:earthrealm
MarineWetland
NASA:earthrealm
PalustrineWetland
NASA:earthrealm
RiparianWetland
NASA:earthrealm
TerrestialWetland
NASA:earthrealm
back marsh
USGS:SDTS
backswamp
USGS:SDTS
backwater
ADL:FTT
barrier flat
USGS:SDTS
blanket bog
USGS:SDTS
bog
ADL:FTT
bog
Getty:TGN
cienaga
ADL:FTT
dismal
USGS:SDTS
everglade
USGS:SDTS
floating marsh
USGS:SDTS
forested wetland
ADL:FTT
marsh
ADL:FTT
mire
ADL:FTT
mire
USGS:SDTS
mud flat
ADL:FTT
peat cutting area
ADL:FTT
peatland
ADL:FTT
quagmire
ADL:FTT
quagmire
USGS:SDTS
quaking bog
USGS:SDTS
riparian area
ADL:FTT
slash
USGS:SDTS
slough
ADL:FTT
slough
Getty:TGN
slough
USGS:SDTS
slue
ADL:FTT
swamp forest
USGS:SDTS
tulelands
USGS:SDTS
WetlandRegion
NASA:earthrealm
moor
USGS:SDTS
morass
USGS:SDTS
muskeg
USGS:SDTS
A dense growth of shrubbery planted as a fence or boundary.
HEDGE
hedgerow
shelter belt
hedge
A dense growth of shrubbery planted as a fence or boundary.
USGS:SDTS
HEDGE
USGS:SDTS
hedgerow
USGS:SDTS
shelter belt
USGS:SDTS
An swamp formed of trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics.
wetland
woodland
mangal
mangrove swamp
MangroveForest
mangrove swamp
An swamp formed of trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics.
MA:ma
wetland
ADL:FTT
wetland
USGS:SDTS
woodland
USGS:SDTS
mangrove swamp
Geonames:feature
MangroveForest
NASA:earthrealm
An accumulation of water of varying size.
hydrographic feature
aquatic feature
bodies of water
body of water
waterbody
water body
An accumulation of water of varying size.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_of_water
hydrographic feature
ADL:FTT
bodies of water
Getty:TGN
body of water
ADL:FTT
body of water
Getty:TGN
A feature that has been constructed by deliberate human effort.
constructed feature
construction
A feature that has been constructed by deliberate human effort.
MA:ma
bailing station
barn
cattle dipping tank
corral
dairy
feedlot
grange
grazing allotment
irrigated field
nursery
pastoral site
sheepfold
stockyard
AgriculturalLands
agricultural colony
agricultural facility
agricultural land
agricultural reserve
agricultural site
agricultural feature
bailing station
ADL:FTT
barn
ADL:FTT
cattle dipping tank
ADL:FTT
corral
ADL:FTT
dairy
ADL:FTT
feedlot
ADL:FTT
grange
ADL:FTT
grazing allotment
ADL:FTT
irrigated field
ADL:FTT
nursery
ADL:FTT
nursery
Geonames:feature
pastoral site
ADL:FTT
sheepfold
ADL:FTT
stockyard
ADL:FTT
AgriculturalLands
NASA:earthrealm
agricultural colony
Geonames:feature
agricultural facility
ADL:FTT
agricultural land
Getty:TGN
agricultural reserve
ADL:FTT
agricultural reserve
Geonames:feature
agricultural site
ADL:FTT
A tract of crop or grazing land, as well as the group of buildings with and often surrounding a farmhouse, including barns, sheds, and other outbuildings, used for agricultural production.
agricultural site
FARM
farm
farms
farmstead
nursery
ranch
farm
A tract of crop or grazing land, as well as the group of buildings with and often surrounding a farmhouse, including barns, sheds, and other outbuildings, used for agricultural production.
USGS:SDTS
agricultural site
ADL:FTT
FARM
USGS:SDTS
farm
Geonames:feature
farms
Geonames:feature
farmstead
ADL:FTT
nursery
USGS:SDTS
ranch
Geonames:feature
ranch
Getty:TGN
ranch
USGS:SDTS
A landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. A mountain is generally steeper than a hill, but there is no universally accepted standard definition for the height of a mountain or a hill although a mountain usually has an identifiable summit and a local relief of more than 300m.
Mountain
foothill
cerro
cordillera
knoll
mound
mount
mountain
mountains
mountain
A landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. A mountain is generally steeper than a hill, but there is no universally accepted standard definition for the height of a mountain or a hill although a mountain usually has an identifiable summit and a local relief of more than 300m.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain#United_Kingdom
Mountain
NASA:earthrealm
foothill
ADL:FTT
foothill
USGS:SDTS
cerro
ADL:FTT
cordillera
ADL:FTT
knoll
ADL:FTT
knoll
USGS:SDTS
mound
USGS:SDTS
mount
USGS:SDTS
mountain
Geonames:feature
mountains
Geonames:feature
A rounded elevation of limited extent rising above the surrounding land with local relief of less than 300m.
cerro
foothill
hill
hillock
hills
knoll
mount
mountain
hill
A rounded elevation of limited extent rising above the surrounding land with local relief of less than 300m.
Geonames:feature
foothill
ADL:FTT
foothill
USGS:SDTS
hill
Geonames:feature
hillock
USGS:SDTS
hills
Geonames:feature
knoll
USGS:SDTS
mount
USGS:SDTS
mountain
ADL:FTT
A region of general uniform slope, comparatively level, and of considerable extent.
PLAIN
Plain
plain
interfluve
llanos
outwash plain
plain
A region of general uniform slope, comparatively level, and of considerable extent.
USGS:SDTS
PLAIN
USGS:SDTS
Plain
NASA:earthrealm
plain
Geonames:feature
interfluve
ADL:FTT
llanos
ADL:FTT
outwash plain
USGS:SDTS
An area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a coast and separated from the interior by other features.
coastal plain
An area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a coast and separated from the interior by other features.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_plain
A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a body of water.
Beach
beach berm
lagoon beach
beach
beaches
foreshore flats
rivage
strand
beach
A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a body of water.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach
Beach
NASA:earthrealm
beach berm
USGS:SDTS
lagoon beach
USGS:SDTS
beach
Geonames:feature
beaches
Geonames:feature
foreshore flats
USGS:SDTS
rivage
USGS:SDTS
strand
ADL:FTT
strand
USGS:SDTS
A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a sea.
strand
sea beach
A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a sea.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach
A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a lake.
lacustrine beach
A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a lake.
MA:ma
A feature associated with a volcano, an opening, or rupture, in the Earth's surface or crust, which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface.
volcanic landform
volcanic feature
A feature associated with a volcano, an opening, or rupture, in the Earth's surface or crust, which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano
volcanic landform
Getty:TGN
A region rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall.
DESERT
desert
arid region
desert
A region rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall.
USGS:SDTS
DESERT
USGS:SDTS
desert
Geonames:feature
arid region
ADL:FTT
Area of dry or relatively dry land surrounded by water or low wetland.
cay
eyot
holm
hummock
isle
islet
key
island
Area of dry or relatively dry land surrounded by water or low wetland.
USGS:SDTS
cay
USGS:SDTS
hummock
USGS:SDTS
isle
ADL:FTT
islet
ADL:FTT
islet
Getty:TGN
islet
USGS:SDTS
key
USGS:SDTS
A depression which has been formed as a result of erosion by water or ice and which is low-lying, bordered by higher ground, and especially elongate.
chasm
coulee
dale
glacial gorge
glacial trough
gulch
gully
median valley
shelf valley
glen
goe
gorge
graben
hollow
lavaka
moat
ravine
re-entrant
seachannel
strath
trench
vale
water gap
valley
A depression which has been formed as a result of erosion by water or ice and which is low-lying, bordered by higher ground, and especially elongate.
ADL:FTT
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley
chasm
USGS:SDTS
coulee
USGS:SDTS
dale
USGS:SDTS
glacial gorge
USGS:SDTS
glacial trough
USGS:SDTS
gulch
USGS:SDTS
gully
Getty:TGN
gully
USGS:SDTS
median valley
ADL:FTT
median valley
Geonames:feature
shelf valley
Geonames:feature
glen
ADL:FTT
glen
USGS:SDTS
goe
USGS:SDTS
gorge
Geonames:feature
gorge
USGS:SDTS
graben
USGS:SDTS
hollow
ADL:FTT
hollow
Getty:TGN
hollow
USGS:SDTS
moat
USGS:SDTS
ravine
USGS:SDTS
re-entrant
USGS:SDTS
seachannel
USGS:SDTS
strath
USGS:SDTS
trench
USGS:SDTS
water gap
USGS:SDTS
An area in which grasses (Graminae) are a significant component of the vegetation.
GRASSLAND
grassland
Grassland
down
downland
downs
glade
grazing area
herbaceous area
range
grassland
An area in which grasses (Graminae) are a significant component of the vegetation.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassland
GRASSLAND
USGS:SDTS
grassland
Geonames:feature
Grassland
NASA:earthrealm
down
USGS:SDTS
downland
USGS:SDTS
downs
USGS:SDTS
glade
ADL:FTT
glade
USGS:SDTS
grazing area
ADL:FTT
grazing area
Getty:TGN
herbaceous area
USGS:SDTS
range
USGS:SDTS
A habitat of rolling or flat terrain where grasses predominate. Typically, what is called a meadow has more biodiversity than a grassland as the former contains not only grasses but a significant variety of annual, biennial and perennial plants.
meadow
grassland
hay meadow
meadow
A habitat of rolling or flat terrain where grasses predominate. Typically, what is called a meadow has more biodiversity than a grassland as the former contains not only grasses but a significant variety of annual, biennial and perennial plants.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meadow
meadow
Geonames:feature
grassland
ADL:FTT
grassland
USGS:SDTS
hay meadow
USGS:SDTS
Land having a cover of trees, shrubs, or both.
WOODLAND
brigalow
pine grove
caatinga
chanaral
coniferous forest
copse
deciduous forest
equatorial forest
equatorial rain forest
garique
grove
jungle
mallee scrub
monsoon forest
moor
mott
motte
mulga
mulga scrub
rain forest
reforested area
sagebrush
scrub
shrub
silva
stand
taiga
thicket
thorn forest
tropical rain forest
wood
wooded area
woodland
Land having a cover of trees, shrubs, or both.
USGS:SDTS
WOODLAND
USGS:SDTS
brigalow
USGS:SDTS
pine grove
Geonames:feature
caatinga
USGS:SDTS
chanaral
USGS:SDTS
coniferous forest
USGS:SDTS
copse
USGS:SDTS
deciduous forest
USGS:SDTS
equatorial forest
USGS:SDTS
equatorial rain forest
USGS:SDTS
garique
USGS:SDTS
grove
ADL:FTT
grove
USGS:SDTS
jungle
Getty:TGN
jungle
USGS:SDTS
mallee scrub
USGS:SDTS
monsoon forest
USGS:SDTS
moor
USGS:SDTS
motte
USGS:SDTS
mulga
USGS:SDTS
mulga scrub
USGS:SDTS
rain forest
ADL:FTT
rain forest
Getty:TGN
reforested area
USGS:SDTS
sagebrush
USGS:SDTS
scrub
USGS:SDTS
shrub
USGS:SDTS
silva
USGS:SDTS
stand
USGS:SDTS
taiga
USGS:SDTS
thicket
USGS:SDTS
thorn forest
USGS:SDTS
tropical rain forest
USGS:SDTS
wood
ADL:FTT
wood
Getty:TGN
wood
USGS:SDTS
wooded area
USGS:SDTS
An area with a high density of trees. A small forest may be called a wood.
forest
wood
forest
An area with a high density of trees. A small forest may be called a wood.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest
forest
Geonames:feature
wood
Getty:TGN
Treeless, level, or gently rolling plains characteristic of arctic or subarctic regions, having a permanently frozen subsoil, and usually supporting low growing vegetation such as lichens, mosses, and stunted shrubs.
TUNDRA
tundra
Arctic land
TundraEcosystem
tundra
tundra
Treeless, level, or gently rolling plains characteristic of arctic or subarctic regions, having a permanently frozen subsoil, and usually supporting low growing vegetation such as lichens, mosses, and stunted shrubs.
ADL:FTT
TUNDRA
USGS:SDTS
tundra
Geonames:feature
Arctic land
ADL:FTT
TundraEcosystem
NASA:earthrealm
tundra
http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/8704
An area of land, usually relatively small, enclosed or otherwise and used for agricultural purposes.
agricultural site
field
cropland
grassland
agricultural field
An area of land, usually relatively small, enclosed or otherwise and used for agricultural purposes.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_%28agriculture%29
agricultural site
ADL:FTT
field
Geonames:feature
cropland
USGS:SDTS
grassland
USGS:SDTS
An intentional planting of a crop, on a large scale, usually for uses other than cereal production or pasture. The term is currently most often used for plantings of trees and shrubs. The term tends also to be used for plantings maintained on economic bases other than that of subsistence farming.
agricultural site
cropland
plantation field
plantation
An intentional planting of a crop, on a large scale, usually for uses other than cereal production or pasture. The term is currently most often used for plantings of trees and shrubs. The term tends also to be used for plantings maintained on economic bases other than that of subsistence farming.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantation
agricultural site
ADL:FTT
cropland
USGS:SDTS
plantation field
USGS:SDTS
A forest that has been intentionally established by human intervention.
planted forest
A forest that has been intentionally established by human intervention.
MA:ma
A geographical region whose affairs and population are administered by an authority.
political entity
political entity
A geographical region whose affairs and population are administered by an authority.
MA:ma
political entity
Geonames:feature
A valley that contains, and has been formed by, a stream.
gullie
ravine
stream valley
A valley that contains, and has been formed by, a stream.
MA:ma
ravine
Geonames:feature
ravine
USGS:SDTS
A ridge of rocks, lying near the surface of the sea, which may be visible at low tide, but is usually covered by water.
REEF
atoll reef
bank reef
barrier reef
fringing reef
shore reef
submerged reef
ledge
reef
reef flat
reefs
reef
A ridge of rocks, lying near the surface of the sea, which may be visible at low tide, but is usually covered by water.
USGS:SDTS
REEF
USGS:SDTS
atoll reef
USGS:SDTS
bank reef
USGS:SDTS
barrier reef
ADL:FTT
barrier reef
USGS:SDTS
fringing reef
ADL:FTT
fringing reef
USGS:SDTS
shore reef
USGS:SDTS
submerged reef
USGS:SDTS
ledge
USGS:SDTS
reef
Geonames:feature
reef flat
USGS:SDTS
reefs
Geonames:feature
A hydrographic feature characterized by the dominance of snow or ice.
glacer
Ice
LandIce
glacial landform
glacier feature
glacial feature
A hydrographic feature characterized by the dominance of snow or ice.
MA:ma
glacer
ADL:FTT
Ice
NASA:earthrealm
LandIce
NASA:earthrealm
glacial landform
Getty:TGN
glacier feature
ADL:FTT
Soil at or below the freezing point of water (0C or 32F) for two or more years. Ice is not always present, as may be in the case of nonporous bedrock, but it frequently occurs and it may be in amounts exceeding the potential hydraulic saturation of the ground material.
Permafrost
permafrost
Soil at or below the freezing point of water (0C or 32F) for two or more years. Ice is not always present, as may be in the case of nonporous bedrock, but it frequently occurs and it may be in amounts exceeding the potential hydraulic saturation of the ground material.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permafrost
Permafrost
NASA:earthrealm
An opening of the sea into the land.
coastal inlet
coastal inlet
An opening of the sea into the land.
USGS:SDTS
The sloping margin of a watercourse, serving to confine it to its natural channel.
mount
shore
bank
The sloping margin of a watercourse, serving to confine it to its natural channel.
MA:ma
mount
USGS:SDTS
shore
USGS:SDTS
The sloping margin of a stream, serving to confine it to its natural channel.
stream bank
bank (hydrographic)
stream bank
The sloping margin of a stream, serving to confine it to its natural channel.
MA:ma
stream bank
Geonames:feature
bank (hydrographic)
ADL:FTT
The sloping margin of a river, serving to confine it to its natural channel.
riverbank
river bank
The sloping margin of a river, serving to confine it to its natural channel.
MA:ma
riverbank
Getty:TGN
Aragonite structures produced by living organisms, found in shallow, marine waters with little nutrients in the water.
CoralReef
coral reef
barrier reef
fringing reef
reef
coral reef
Aragonite structures produced by living organisms, found in shallow, marine waters with little nutrients in the water.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coral_reef
CoralReef
NASA:earthrealm
coral reef
ADL:FTT
coral reef
Geonames:feature
coral reef
USGS:SDTS
fringing reef
ADL:FTT
fringing reef
USGS:SDTS
reef
USGS:SDTS
A small, isolated, fertile or green area in a desert region, usually having a spring or well.
OASIS
oasis
desert oasis
A small, isolated, fertile or green area in a desert region, usually having a spring or well.
USGS:SDTS
OASIS
USGS:SDTS
oasis
Geonames:feature
oasis
Getty:TGN
An oceanic island, often having a characteristic ring-like shape surrounding a lagoon. Atolls are formed when coral reef grows around a volcanic island that later subsides into the ocean.
island
atoll
coral atoll
REEF, ISLAND
atoll
reef
atoll
An oceanic island, often having a characteristic ring-like shape surrounding a lagoon. Atolls are formed when coral reef grows around a volcanic island that later subsides into the ocean.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoll
island
ADL:FTT
island
USGS:SDTS
atoll
Geonames:feature
REEF, ISLAND
USGS:SDTS
atoll
USGS:SDTS
reef
USGS:SDTS
A hill of sand built by eolian processes.
mount
ridge
sandy area
Dune
dune
sand dune
interdune trough
sand hill
dune
A hill of sand built by eolian processes.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dune
mount
USGS:SDTS
ridge
USGS:SDTS
sandy area
ADL:FTT
sandy area
Geonames:feature
sandy area
Getty:TGN
Dune
NASA:earthrealm
dune
Geonames:feature
sand dune
USGS:SDTS
interdune trough
ADL:FTT
sand hill
USGS:SDTS
A landform elevated above the surrounding area.
elevation
A landform elevated above the surrounding area.
MA:ma
An artificial slope or wall, usually earthen, which parallels the course of a river, built for the purpose of containing the river.
EMBANKMENT
REVETMENT
berm
dike
dike (manmade)
dyke
embankment
levee
revetment
levee
An artificial slope or wall, usually earthen, which parallels the course of a river, built for the purpose of containing the river.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levee
EMBANKMENT
USGS:SDTS
REVETMENT
USGS:SDTS
berm
ADL:FTT
dike
Geonames:feature
dike
Getty:TGN
dike
USGS:SDTS
dike (manmade)
ADL:FTT
dyke
USGS:SDTS
embankment
ADL:FTT
levee
Geonames:feature
revetment
ADL:FTT
An elevated and comparatively level expanse of land.
PLATEAU
Plateau
highland
intermontane plateau
plateau
table mountain
tableknoll
tableland
tablemount
upland
plateau
An elevated and comparatively level expanse of land.
USGS:SDTS
PLATEAU
USGS:SDTS
Plateau
NASA:earthrealm
highland
Getty:TGN
intermontane plateau
USGS:SDTS
plateau
Geonames:feature
table mountain
ADL:FTT
tableknoll
USGS:SDTS
tableland
ADL:FTT
tableland
USGS:SDTS
tablemount
USGS:SDTS
upland
ADL:FTT
upland
Geonames:feature
upland
Getty:TGN
A tributary valley with the floor at a higher relief than the main channel into which it flows. They are most commonly associated with U-shaped valleys when a tributary glacier flows into a glacier of larger volume.
valley
hanging valley
hanging valley
A tributary valley with the floor at a higher relief than the main channel into which it flows. They are most commonly associated with U-shaped valleys when a tributary glacier flows into a glacier of larger volume.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley#Hanging_valleys
valley
ADL:FTT
hanging valley
Geonames:feature
geological feature
landform
physiographic feature
geological feature
ADL:FTT
Broken rock that appears at the bottom of crags, mountain cliffs or valley shoulders.
TALUS
talus slope
scree
Broken rock that appears at the bottom of crags, mountain cliffs or valley shoulders.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scree
TALUS
USGS:SDTS
talus slope
Geonames:feature
talus slope
Getty:TGN
An island that does not sit on a continental shelf, and is of volcanic origin.
volcanic island
oceanic island
An island that does not sit on a continental shelf, and is of volcanic origin.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island#Oceanic_islands
A wetland associated with the part of the land adjoining or near a sea or ocean.
coastal wetland
A wetland associated with the part of the land adjoining or near a sea or ocean.
MA:ma
A wetland that features permanent inundation of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hummocks, or dry-land protrusions.
wetland
Swamp
swamp
cienaga
swamp
A wetland that features permanent inundation of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hummocks, or dry-land protrusions.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swamp
wetland
ADL:FTT
wetland
USGS:SDTS
Swamp
NASA:earthrealm
swamp
Geonames:feature
cienaga
ADL:FTT
saline wetland
A wetland whose water that contains low concentrations of salts.
freshwater wetland
A wetland whose water that contains low concentrations of salts.
MA:ma
An opening, or rupture, in the Earth's surface or crust, which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface.
mount
Volcano
volcano
volcano
An opening, or rupture, in the Earth's surface or crust, which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano
mount
USGS:SDTS
Volcano
NASA:earthrealm
volcano
Geonames:feature
A valley that contains, or contained, a glacier and was formed by glacial activity. Typically U-shaped in cross-section.
valley
glacial valley
A valley that contains, or contained, a glacier and was formed by glacial activity. Typically U-shaped in cross-section.
MA:ma
valley
USGS:SDTS
An area which is subject to periodic flooding.
FLOOD PLAIN
Floodplain
floodplain
bottomland
flood plain
An area which is subject to periodic flooding.
USGS:SDTS
FLOOD PLAIN
USGS:SDTS
Floodplain
NASA:earthrealm
floodplain
ADL:FTT
bottomland
ADL:FTT
An area of land of low topographic relief that historically supported grasses and herbs, with few trees, and having generally a mesic (moderate or temperate) climate. Dominated by tall grasses (contrast steppe).
grassland
llanos
pampa
plain
veld
prairie
An area of land of low topographic relief that historically supported grasses and herbs, with few trees, and having generally a mesic (moderate or temperate) climate. Dominated by tall grasses (contrast steppe).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prairie
grassland
ADL:FTT
grassland
USGS:SDTS
llanos
ADL:FTT
pampa
Getty:TGN
plain
ADL:FTT
veld
USGS:SDTS
A grassland of the tropics or subtropics with scattered trees.
Savanna
grassland
savannah
savanna
A grassland of the tropics or subtropics with scattered trees.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublands
Savanna
NASA:earthrealm
grassland
ADL:FTT
grassland
USGS:SDTS
savannah
ADL:FTT
A plain without trees (apart from those near rivers and lakes); it is similar to a prairie, although a prairie is generally considered as being dominated by tall grasses, while short grasses are said to be normal in the steppe. It may be semi-desert, or covered with grass or shrubs or both, depending on the season and latitude.
grassland
pampa
pampas
puszta
steppe
A plain without trees (apart from those near rivers and lakes); it is similar to a prairie, although a prairie is generally considered as being dominated by tall grasses, while short grasses are said to be normal in the steppe. It may be semi-desert, or covered with grass or shrubs or both, depending on the season and latitude.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steppe
grassland
ADL:FTT
grassland
USGS:SDTS
pampas
USGS:SDTS
puszta
USGS:SDTS
Grassland used for grazing of ungulate livestock as part of a farm or ranch.
agricultural site
grassland
cropland
grazing area
pasture
Grassland used for grazing of ungulate livestock as part of a farm or ranch.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasture
agricultural site
ADL:FTT
grassland
USGS:SDTS
cropland
USGS:SDTS
grazing area
Geonames:feature
A transition zone between different physiogeographic provinces that involves an elevation differential, often involving high cliffs. Most commonly a transition from one series of sedimentary rocks to another series of a different age and composition. In such cases, the escarpment usually represents the line of erosional loss of the newer rock over the older.
escarpment
scarp
cliff
cuesta
escarpment
A transition zone between different physiogeographic provinces that involves an elevation differential, often involving high cliffs. Most commonly a transition from one series of sedimentary rocks to another series of a different age and composition. In such cases, the escarpment usually represents the line of erosional loss of the newer rock over the older.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escarpment
escarpment
Geonames:feature
cliff
USGS:SDTS
cuesta
ADL:FTT
cuesta
Geonames:feature
cuesta
Getty:TGN
A long and narrow upland with steep sides.
RIDGE
Ridge
beach cusp
beach ridge
icecap ridge
rise (seafloor)
arete
crest
cuesta
hogback
ridge
spur
spur (physiographic)
ridge
A long and narrow upland with steep sides.
USGS:SDTS
RIDGE
USGS:SDTS
Ridge
NASA:earthrealm
beach cusp
USGS:SDTS
beach ridge
ADL:FTT
beach ridge
USGS:SDTS
icecap ridge
ADL:FTT
rise (seafloor)
ADL:FTT
arete
ADL:FTT
arete
USGS:SDTS
crest
USGS:SDTS
cuesta
ADL:FTT
cuesta
USGS:SDTS
hogback
ADL:FTT
ridge
Geonames:feature
spur
Getty:TGN
spur (physiographic)
ADL:FTT
An isolated hill with steep sides and a small flat top, smaller than mesas and plateaus. Buttes are formed by erosion when a cap of hard rock, usually of volcanic origin, covers a layer of softer rock that is easily worn away. This hard rock avoids erosion while the rock around it wears down.
plateau
butte
butte
An isolated hill with steep sides and a small flat top, smaller than mesas and plateaus. Buttes are formed by erosion when a cap of hard rock, usually of volcanic origin, covers a layer of softer rock that is easily worn away. This hard rock avoids erosion while the rock around it wears down.
ADL:FTT
plateau
USGS:SDTS
butte
Geonames:feature
An extent or area of land where surface water from rain and melting snow or ice converges to a single point at lower elevation, usually the exit of the basin, where the waters join another waterbody.
Basin
CATCHMENT
Catchment
Watershed
catchment
drainage basin
watershed
drainage basin
An extent or area of land where surface water from rain and melting snow or ice converges to a single point at lower elevation, usually the exit of the basin, where the waters join another waterbody.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage_basin
Basin
NASA:earthrealm
CATCHMENT
USGS:SDTS
Catchment
NASA:earthrealm
Watershed
NASA:earthrealm
catchment
ADL:FTT
catchment
USGS:SDTS
drainage basin
Geonames:feature
watershed
ADL:FTT
A flooded parcel of arable land used for growing rice and other semiaquatic crops.
paddy field
A flooded parcel of arable land used for growing rice and other semiaquatic crops.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice_paddy
The general region of indefinite width that extends from the sea inland to the first major change in terrain features.
coast line
coastal area
coastline
sea coast
The general region of indefinite width that extends from the sea inland to the first major change in terrain features.
USGS:SDTS
coastal area
USGS:SDTS
coastline
USGS:SDTS
That part of the land in immediate contact with a body of water including the area between high and low water lines.
coastal zone
SHORE
shore
shoreface
beach face
foreshore
inshore
rivage
seashore
strand
shore
That part of the land in immediate contact with a body of water including the area between high and low water lines.
USGS:SDTS
coastal zone
ADL:FTT
SHORE
USGS:SDTS
shore
Geonames:feature
shoreface
USGS:SDTS
beach face
USGS:SDTS
foreshore
USGS:SDTS
inshore
USGS:SDTS
rivage
USGS:SDTS
seashore
USGS:SDTS
strand
USGS:SDTS
A landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area.
barrier basin
depression
non tidal basin
pan
pan (geologic)
pans
tidal basin
depression
A landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_%28geology%29
barrier basin
USGS:SDTS
depression
Geonames:feature
non tidal basin
USGS:SDTS
pan
Geonames:feature
pan
Getty:TGN
pan (geologic)
ADL:FTT
pans
Geonames:feature
tidal basin
USGS:SDTS
A fluvioglacial landform occurring as the result of blocks of ice calving from the front of a receding glacier and becoming partially to wholly buried by glacial outwash. Glacial outwash is generated when sediment laden streams of meltwater flow away from the glacier and are deposited to form broad outwash plains called sandurs. When the ice blocks melt, holes are left in the sandur.
basin
kettle hole
kettle
A fluvioglacial landform occurring as the result of blocks of ice calving from the front of a receding glacier and becoming partially to wholly buried by glacial outwash. Glacial outwash is generated when sediment laden streams of meltwater flow away from the glacier and are deposited to form broad outwash plains called sandurs. When the ice blocks melt, holes are left in the sandur.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kettle_%28geology%29
basin
USGS:SDTS
The plain formed by the large amounts of silt and sediment, picked up as a glacier erodes the underlying rocks as it moves slowly downhill, and at the snout of the glacier, meltwater can carry this sediment away from the glacier and deposit it on a broad plain. The material in the outwash plain is often size-sorted by the water runoff of the melting glacier with the finest materials, like silt, being the most distantly re-deposited, whereas larger boulders are the closest to the original terminus of the glacier.
outwash plain
sandur
The plain formed by the large amounts of silt and sediment, picked up as a glacier erodes the underlying rocks as it moves slowly downhill, and at the snout of the glacier, meltwater can carry this sediment away from the glacier and deposit it on a broad plain. The material in the outwash plain is often size-sorted by the water runoff of the melting glacier with the finest materials, like silt, being the most distantly re-deposited, whereas larger boulders are the closest to the original terminus of the glacier.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandur
An abiotic mesoscopic feature made of the mineral material of the crust of the Earth.
piece of rock
An abiotic mesoscopic feature made of the mineral material of the crust of the Earth.
MA:ma
A piece of rock that is two millimeters (2mm) in its largest dimension (about 1/12 of an inch) and no more than 75 millimeters (about 3 inches).
piece of gravel
A piece of rock that is two millimeters (2mm) in its largest dimension (about 1/12 of an inch) and no more than 75 millimeters (about 3 inches).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravel
A lake purposefully constructed.
artificial lake
A lake purposefully constructed.
MA:ma
A large sea or ocean inlet larger than a bay, deeper than a bight, wider than a fjord, or it may identify a narrow sea or ocean channel between two bodies of land.
sound
A large sea or ocean inlet larger than a bay, deeper than a bight, wider than a fjord, or it may identify a narrow sea or ocean channel between two bodies of land.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_%28geography%29
The physical confine of a river, slough or ocean strait consisting of a bed and banks.
channel of a watercourse
The physical confine of a river, slough or ocean strait consisting of a bed and banks.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_%28geography%29
lake channel
coastal dune
An island that lies in a river.
ait
eyot
fluvial island
river island
An island that lies in a river.
MA:ma
fluvial island
Getty:TGN
An island that lies in a lake.
lake island
An island that lies in a lake.
MA:ma
A biome is an environmental system to which resident ecological communities have evolved adaptations.
major habitat type
EcosytemType
ecosystem
biome
biome
A biome is an environmental system to which resident ecological communities have evolved adaptations.
DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biome
major habitat type
WWF:Biome
EcosytemType
NASA:earthrealm
A terrace associated with a kame.
kame terrace
A terrace associated with a kame.
MA:ma
A biome that applies to the terrestrial realm.
terrestrial realm
terrestrial biome
A biome that applies to the terrestrial realm.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biome#Terrestrial_biomes
An aquatic biome that comprises systems of open-ocean and unprotected coastal habitats, characterized by exposure to wave action, tidal fluctuation, and ocean currents as well as systems that largely resemble these. Water in the marine biome is generally within the salinity range of seawater: 30 to 38 ppt.
marine realm
marine biome
An aquatic biome that comprises systems of open-ocean and unprotected coastal habitats, characterized by exposure to wave action, tidal fluctuation, and ocean currents as well as systems that largely resemble these. Water in the marine biome is generally within the salinity range of seawater: 30 to 38 ppt.
ISBN-10:0618455043
MA:ma
ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean
A reservoir constructed for the purpose of providing water for irrigation.
irrigation reservoir
A reservoir constructed for the purpose of providing water for irrigation.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir
An opening of the sea into the land, or of a lake into its shore.
anse
arm
firth
ria
inlet
An opening of the sea into the land, or of a lake into its shore.
USGS:SDTS
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlet
anse
USGS:SDTS
arm
USGS:SDTS
firth
USGS:SDTS
ria
USGS:SDTS
An opening of a lake into its shore.
lake inlet
An opening of a lake into its shore.
USGS:SDTS
A mountain or a hill.
MOUNT
cerrito
cerro
dome
hill
hillock
hummock
inselberg
knob
knoll
koppje
monadnock
mountain
rise
mount
A mountain or a hill.
USGS:SDTS
MOUNT
USGS:SDTS
cerrito
USGS:SDTS
cerro
ADL:FTT
cerro
USGS:SDTS
dome
USGS:SDTS
hill
USGS:SDTS
hillock
USGS:SDTS
hummock
Getty:TGN
hummock
USGS:SDTS
inselberg
USGS:SDTS
knob
USGS:SDTS
knoll
USGS:SDTS
koppje
USGS:SDTS
monadnock
USGS:SDTS
mountain
ADL:FTT
rise
USGS:SDTS
The summit of a mount.
PEAK
peak
peaks
ahu
ice peak
mountain crest
mountain summit
nunatak
summit
peak
The summit of a mount.
USGS:SDTS
PEAK
USGS:SDTS
peak
Geonames:feature
peaks
Geonames:feature
ahu
ADL:FTT
ice peak
USGS:SDTS
mountain crest
ADL:FTT
mountain summit
ADL:FTT
nunatak
ADL:FTT
summit
ADL:FTT
summit
USGS:SDTS
That part of the land in immediate contact with a sea, including the intertidal zone.
shore
sea shore
That part of the land in immediate contact with a sea, including the intertidal zone.
MA:ma
The portion of the ground surface which lies below water.
BOTTOM
bed
The portion of the ground surface which lies below water.
USGS:SDTS
BOTTOM
USGS:SDTS
A step-like feature between higher and lower ground: a relatively flat or gently inclined shelf of earth, backed and fronted by steep slopes or manmade detaining walls.
TERRACE
bench
ledge
rock terrace
terrace
bench
bench (natural)
terrace
A step-like feature between higher and lower ground: a relatively flat or gently inclined shelf of earth, backed and fronted by steep slopes or manmade detaining walls.
USGS:SDTS
TERRACE
USGS:SDTS
bench
Geonames:feature
ledge
ADL:FTT
rock terrace
USGS:SDTS
terrace
Geonames:feature
bench
Getty:TGN
bench
USGS:SDTS
bench (natural)
ADL:FTT
A generally circular saucer or bowl-shaped depression caused by volcanic or meteorite explosive action.
CRATER
caldera
crater
A generally circular saucer or bowl-shaped depression caused by volcanic or meteorite explosive action.
Geonames:feature
CRATER
USGS:SDTS
caldera
USGS:SDTS
A relatively undissected upland between adjacent stream valleys.
plain
interfluve
interfluve
A relatively undissected upland between adjacent stream valleys.
Geonames:feature
plain
ADL:FTT
interfluve
Geonames:feature
A ridge of sand just inland and parallel to the beach, usually in series.
beach ridge
beach ridge
A ridge of sand just inland and parallel to the beach, usually in series.
Geonames:feature
beach ridge
Geonames:feature
An irregularly shaped hill or mound composed of sorted or stratified sand and gravel that is deposited in contact with the glacial ice. It can have an irregular shape. Kames are often associated with kettles, and this is referred to as kame and kettle topography. When the ice retreats further, the delta kame often collapses. Kame terraces are frequently found along the side of a glacial valley and are the deposits of meltwater streams flowing between the ice and the adjacent valley side.
mount
ridge
kame
An irregularly shaped hill or mound composed of sorted or stratified sand and gravel that is deposited in contact with the glacial ice. It can have an irregular shape. Kames are often associated with kettles, and this is referred to as kame and kettle topography. When the ice retreats further, the delta kame often collapses. Kame terraces are frequently found along the side of a glacial valley and are the deposits of meltwater streams flowing between the ice and the adjacent valley side.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kame
mount
USGS:SDTS
ridge
USGS:SDTS
A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids.
rock
A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids.
MA:ma
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology)
Soil is an environmental material which is primarily composed of minerals, varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms.
regolith
soil
Soil is an environmental material which is primarily composed of minerals, varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil
A significant accumulation of water which is part of a marine biome.
body of marine water
marine waterbody
marine water body
The part of an elevation or depression between the relatively flat surrounding area and the peak of a mount or the bottom of a depression.
flank
side
slope
The part of an elevation or depression between the relatively flat surrounding area and the peak of a mount or the bottom of a depression.
MA:ma
An environmental feature that is, or can be, contained and is predominantly composed of one or a few types of stuff.
mesoscopic physical object
An environmental feature that is, or can be, contained and is predominantly composed of one or a few types of stuff.
MA:ma
The mixture of gases (roughly (by molar content/volume: 78% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount (average around 1%) of water vapor) that surrounds the planet Earth.
air
The mixture of gases (roughly (by molar content/volume: 78% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount (average around 1%) of water vapor) that surrounds the planet Earth.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air
An environmental material primarily composed of dihydrogen oxide in its liquid form.
water
An environmental material primarily composed of dihydrogen oxide in its liquid form.
MA:ma
Water which contains a significant concentration of dissolved salts.
salt water
saline water
Water which has a low concentration of dissolved solutes, particularly that of sodium chloride.
freshwater
sweet water
fresh water
Rock formed from molten magma.
igneous rock
Rock formed from molten magma.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29
An igneous rock that results from magma reaching the surface either as lava or fragmental ejecta.
volcanic rock
An igneous rock that results from magma reaching the surface either as lava or fragmental ejecta.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29
A rock formed by deposition of either clastic sediments, organic matter, or chemical precipitates (evaporites), followed by compaction of the particulate matter and cementation during diagenesis.
sedimentary rock
A rock formed by deposition of either clastic sediments, organic matter, or chemical precipitates (evaporites), followed by compaction of the particulate matter and cementation during diagenesis.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29
aquatic biome
ground water
surface water
The residual semi-solid material left from domestic or industrial processes, or wastewater treatment processes.
sludge
The residual semi-solid material left from domestic or industrial processes, or wastewater treatment processes.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sludge
A sedimentary rock composed largely of the mineral calcite.
limestone
A sedimentary rock composed largely of the mineral calcite.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limestone
A soft, white, porous limestone.
chalk
A soft, white, porous limestone.
MA:ma
beach sand
Water which has physicochemical properties that have been determined by the processes occuring in a sea or ocean.
ocean water
seawater
sea water
Coastal sea water is sea water that is adjacent to a coast.
coastal water
coastal ocean water
coastal oceanic water
coastal seawater
coastal sea water
The aerobically decomposed remnants of organic materials.
compost
The aerobically decomposed remnants of organic materials.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compost
sandy beach
Arenosols are sandy soils, including both soils developed in residual sands after in situ weathering of usually quartz-rich sediments or rock, and soils developed in recently deposited sands such as dunes in deserts and beach lands.
psamment
sandy soil
arenosol
Arenosols are sandy soils, including both soils developed in residual sands after in situ weathering of usually quartz-rich sediments or rock, and soils developed in recently deposited sands such as dunes in deserts and beach lands.
FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf
sandy soil
ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574
Andosols are soils that develop in volcanic ejecta or glasses under almost any climate (except under hyperarid climate conditions). However, Andosols may also develop in other silicate-rich materials under acid weathering in humid and perhumid climates.
andosol
Andosols are soils that develop in volcanic ejecta or glasses under almost any climate (except under hyperarid climate conditions). However, Andosols may also develop in other silicate-rich materials under acid weathering in humid and perhumid climates.
FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf
Acrisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Acrisols have in certain depths a low base saturation and low-activity clays.
acrisol
Acrisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Acrisols have in certain depths a low base saturation and low-activity clays.
FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf
Cambisols combine soils with at least an incipient subsurface soil formation. Transformation of parent material is evident from structure formation and mostly brownish discoloration, increasing clay percentage, and/or carbonate removal.
cambisol
Cambisols combine soils with at least an incipient subsurface soil formation. Transformation of parent material is evident from structure formation and mostly brownish discoloration, increasing clay percentage, and/or carbonate removal.
FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf
Chernozems are soils with a thick black surface layer that is rich in organic matter.
black earth
boroll
chernozem
Chernozems are soils with a thick black surface layer that is rich in organic matter.
FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf
Kastanozems are dry grassland soils, among them the zonal soils of the short-grass steppe belt, south of the Eurasian tall-grass steppe belt with Chernozems. Kastanozems have a similar profile to that of Chernozems but the humus-rich surface horizon is thinner and not as dark as that of the Chernozems and they show more prominent accumulation of secondary carbonates.
kastanozem
Kastanozems are dry grassland soils, among them the zonal soils of the short-grass steppe belt, south of the Eurasian tall-grass steppe belt with Chernozems. Kastanozems have a similar profile to that of Chernozems but the humus-rich surface horizon is thinner and not as dark as that of the Chernozems and they show more prominent accumulation of secondary carbonates.
FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf
Histosols comprise soils formed in organic material. These vary from soils developed in predominantly moss peat in boreal, arctic and subarctic regions, via moss peat, reeds/ sedge peat (fen) and forest peat in temperate regions to mangrove peat and swamp forest peat in the humid tropics. Histosols are found at all altitudes, but the vast majority occurs in lowlands.
histosol
Histosols comprise soils formed in organic material. These vary from soils developed in predominantly moss peat in boreal, arctic and subarctic regions, via moss peat, reeds/ sedge peat (fen) and forest peat in temperate regions to mangrove peat and swamp forest peat in the humid tropics. Histosols are found at all altitudes, but the vast majority occurs in lowlands.
FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf
Gleysols are wetland soils that, unless drained, are saturated with groundwater for long enough periods to develop a characteristic gleyic colour pattern. This pattern is essentially made up of reddish, brownish or yellowish colours at ped surfaces and/or in the upper soil layer or layers, in combination with greyish/bluish colours inside the peds and/or deeper in the soil.
gley soil
gleysol
Gleysols are wetland soils that, unless drained, are saturated with groundwater for long enough periods to develop a characteristic gleyic colour pattern. This pattern is essentially made up of reddish, brownish or yellowish colours at ped surfaces and/or in the upper soil layer or layers, in combination with greyish/bluish colours inside the peds and/or deeper in the soil.
FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf
Gypsisols are soils with substantial secondary accumulation of gypsum (calcium sulfate). These soils are found in the driest parts of the arid climate zone.
gypsisol
Gypsisols are soils with substantial secondary accumulation of gypsum (calcium sulfate). These soils are found in the driest parts of the arid climate zone.
FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf
Ferralsols represent the classical, deeply weathered, red or yellow soils of the humid tropics. These soils have diffuse horizon boundaries, a clay assemblage dominated by low-activity clays (mainly kaolinite) and a high content of sesquioxides.
oxisol
ferralsol
Ferralsols represent the classical, deeply weathered, red or yellow soils of the humid tropics. These soils have diffuse horizon boundaries, a clay assemblage dominated by low-activity clays (mainly kaolinite) and a high content of sesquioxides.
FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf
Nitisols are deep, well-drained, red, tropical soils with diffuse horizon boundaries and a subsurface horizon with more than 30 percent clay and moderate to strong angular blocky structure elements that easily fall apart into characteristic shiny, polyhedric (nutty) elements. Weathering is relatively advanced but Nitisols are far more productive than most other red, tropical soils.
nitisol
Nitisols are deep, well-drained, red, tropical soils with diffuse horizon boundaries and a subsurface horizon with more than 30 percent clay and moderate to strong angular blocky structure elements that easily fall apart into characteristic shiny, polyhedric (nutty) elements. Weathering is relatively advanced but Nitisols are far more productive than most other red, tropical soils.
FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf
Luvisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Luvisols have high-activity clays throughout the argic horizon and a high base saturation at certain depths.
luvisol
Luvisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Luvisols have high-activity clays throughout the argic horizon and a high base saturation at certain depths.
FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf
Phaeozems accommodate soils of relatively wet grassland and forest regions in moderately continental climates. Phaeozems are much like Chernozems and Kastanozems but are leached more intensively. Consequently, they have dark, humus rich surface horizons that, in comparison with Chernozems and Kastanozems, are less rich in bases. Phaeozems may or may not have secondary carbonates but have a high base saturation in the upper metre of the soil.
phaeozem
Phaeozems accommodate soils of relatively wet grassland and forest regions in moderately continental climates. Phaeozems are much like Chernozems and Kastanozems but are leached more intensively. Consequently, they have dark, humus rich surface horizons that, in comparison with Chernozems and Kastanozems, are less rich in bases. Phaeozems may or may not have secondary carbonates but have a high base saturation in the upper metre of the soil.
FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf
Solonchaks are soils that have a high concentration of soluble salts at some time in the year. Solonchaks are largely confined to the arid and semi-arid climate zones and to coastal regions in all climates.
solonchak
Solonchaks are soils that have a high concentration of soluble salts at some time in the year. Solonchaks are largely confined to the arid and semi-arid climate zones and to coastal regions in all climates.
FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf
A soil in which there is a high content of expansive clay known as montmorillonite that forms deep cracks in drier seasons or years. Alternate shrinking and swelling causes self-mulching, where the soil material consistently mixes itself, causing vertisols to have an extremely deep A horizon and no B horizon.
vertisol
A soil in which there is a high content of expansive clay known as montmorillonite that forms deep cracks in drier seasons or years. Alternate shrinking and swelling causes self-mulching, where the soil material consistently mixes itself, causing vertisols to have an extremely deep A horizon and no B horizon.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertisol
Solonetz are soils with a dense, strongly structured, clayey subsurface horizon that has a high proportion of adsorbed Na and/or Mg ions. Solonetz that contain free soda (Na2CO3) are strongly alkaline (field pH > 8.5).
solonetz
Solonetz are soils with a dense, strongly structured, clayey subsurface horizon that has a high proportion of adsorbed Na and/or Mg ions. Solonetz that contain free soda (Na2CO3) are strongly alkaline (field pH > 8.5).
FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf
Regosols form a taxonomic remnant group containing all soils that could not be accommodated in any of the other RSGs. In practice, Regosols are very weakly developed mineral soils in unconsolidated materials that do not have a mollic or umbric horizon, are not very shallow or very rich in gravels (Leptosols), sandy (Arenosols) or with fluvic materials (Fluvisols). Regosols are extensive in eroding lands, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas and in mountainous terrain.
regosol
Regosols form a taxonomic remnant group containing all soils that could not be accommodated in any of the other RSGs. In practice, Regosols are very weakly developed mineral soils in unconsolidated materials that do not have a mollic or umbric horizon, are not very shallow or very rich in gravels (Leptosols), sandy (Arenosols) or with fluvic materials (Fluvisols). Regosols are extensive in eroding lands, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas and in mountainous terrain.
FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf
Podzols are soils with a typically ash-grey upper subsurface horizon, bleached by loss of organic matter and iron oxides, on top of a dark accumulation horizon with brown, reddish or black illuviated humus and/or reddish Fe compounds. Podzols occur in humid areas in the boreal and temperate zones and locally also in the tropics.
podsol
podosolic soil
podzol
Podzols are soils with a typically ash-grey upper subsurface horizon, bleached by loss of organic matter and iron oxides, on top of a dark accumulation horizon with brown, reddish or black illuviated humus and/or reddish Fe compounds. Podzols occur in humid areas in the boreal and temperate zones and locally also in the tropics.
FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf
forest soil
A material which is not the desired output of a process and which is typically the input of a process which removes it from its producer (e.g. a disposal process).
waste material
Fluvisols accommodate genetically young, azonal soils in alluvial deposits.
fluvisol
Fluvisols accommodate genetically young, azonal soils in alluvial deposits.
FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf
A material entity which determines an environmental system.
environmental feature
A material entity which determines an environmental system.
DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43
NM:nm
ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088
Hay is grass, legumes or other herbaceous plants that have been cut, dried, and stored for use as animal fodder, particularly for grazing livestock such as cattle, horses, goats, and sheep.
hay
Hay is grass, legumes or other herbaceous plants that have been cut, dried, and stored for use as animal fodder, particularly for grazing livestock such as cattle, horses, goats, and sheep.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hay
The biomass remaining after sugarcane stalks are crushed to extract their juice.
sugarcane bagasse
bagasse
The biomass remaining after sugarcane stalks are crushed to extract their juice.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagasse
A group of hydrous aluminium phyllosilicate (phyllosilicates being a subgroup of silicate minerals) minerals (see clay minerals), that are typically less than 2 micrometres in diameter. Clay consists of a variety of phyllosilicate minerals rich in silicon and aluminium oxides and hydroxides which include variable amounts of structural water.
clay
A group of hydrous aluminium phyllosilicate (phyllosilicates being a subgroup of silicate minerals) minerals (see clay minerals), that are typically less than 2 micrometres in diameter. Clay consists of a variety of phyllosilicate minerals rich in silicon and aluminium oxides and hydroxides which include variable amounts of structural water.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay
A fermented, high-moisture forage that can be fed to ruminants.
silage
A fermented, high-moisture forage that can be fed to ruminants.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silage
animal manure
grass silage
A material entity that has been processed by humans or their technology in any way, including intermediate products as well as final products.
manufactured good
manufactured product
A material entity that has been processed by humans or their technology in any way, including intermediate products as well as final products.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufactured_product
anthropogenic abiotic mesoscopic feature
A portion of enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of some material entity.
enriched soil
An agricultural byproduct, the dry stalk of a cereal plant, after the nutrient grain or seed has been removed.
straw
An agricultural byproduct, the dry stalk of a cereal plant, after the nutrient grain or seed has been removed.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straw
rye grass silage
chalk soil
savanna soil
compost soil
farm soil
grassland soil
field soil
frozen compost soil
peat
peat soil
peat
ENVO:cjm
steppe soil
volcanic soil
upland soil
desert sand
A portion of environmental material is a fiat object which forms the medium or part of the medium of an environmental system.
portion of environmental material
environmental material
A portion of environmental material is a fiat object which forms the medium or part of the medium of an environmental system.
DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43
MA:ma
ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088
URL:http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/articles/niches.html
A surface layer is the uppermost layer of some material entity.
surface layer
A surface layer is the uppermost layer of some material entity.
URL:http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/surface
Airborne solid particles (also called dust or particulate matter (PM)) or liquid droplets.
aerosol
Airborne solid particles (also called dust or particulate matter (PM)) or liquid droplets.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol
Anthropogenic material in or on which organisms may live.
anthropogenic environmental material
Anthropogenic material in or on which organisms may live.
MA:ma
agricultural environmental material
organic material feature
biotic mesoscopic physical object
abiotic mesoscopic physical object
Silt is granular material of a size somewhere between sand and clay whose mineral origin is quartz and feldspar.
silt
Silt is granular material of a size somewhere between sand and clay whose mineral origin is quartz and feldspar.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silt
A naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles.
sand
A naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand
Gravel is an environmental material which is composed of pieces of rock that are at least two millimeters (2mm) in its largest dimension and no more than 75 millimeters.
gravel
Gravel is an environmental material which is composed of pieces of rock that are at least two millimeters (2mm) in its largest dimension and no more than 75 millimeters.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravel
A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of environments occurring within the marine water column.
marine pelagic feature
A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of environments occurring within the marine water column.
ISBN-10:0618455043
ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088
Particulate material is an environmental material which is composed of microscopic portions of solid or liquid material suspended in another environmental material.
particulate matter
marine reef
Environmental material derived from living organisms.
biomass
organic material
Environmental material derived from living organisms.
ISBN-10:0618455043
ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088
A desert biome is a terrestrial biome which loses more liquid water by evapotranspiration than is supplied by precipitation and includes communities adapted to these conditions.
desert biome
A mangrove biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its spatial extent, mangrove plants (Rhizophoraceae). Mangrove plants are able to withstand high levels of salinity as well as regions of anoxia and frequent tidal inundation. Mangrove biomes often occur near tropical and sub-tropical estuaries and depositional marine coastal environments where fine sediments (often with high organic content) collect in areas protected from high energy wave action.
mangrove biome
A mangrove biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its spatial extent, mangrove plants (Rhizophoraceae). Mangrove plants are able to withstand high levels of salinity as well as regions of anoxia and frequent tidal inundation. Mangrove biomes often occur near tropical and sub-tropical estuaries and depositional marine coastal environments where fine sediments (often with high organic content) collect in areas protected from high energy wave action.
ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangrove
An environmental condition is a range of a determinate quality or combination of qualities that are present in an environmental system.
environmental condition
An environmental condition is a range of a determinate quality or combination of qualities that are present in an environmental system.
DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43
A tropical condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives high yearly solar irradiance per unit area and, on Earth, the Sun reaches a subsolar point at least once during the solar year. This results in a hot and moist year-round climate at low elevations, which have a monthly average temperature above 18 degrees Celsius.
tropical
A tropical condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives high yearly solar irradiance per unit area and, on Earth, the Sun reaches a subsolar point at least once during the solar year. This results in a hot and moist year-round climate at low elevations, which have a monthly average temperature above 18 degrees Celsius.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical
An environmental condition in which annual precipitation is less than half of annual potential evapotranspiration.
arid
Lava is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles, and solids which has extruded beyond a planetary crust.
lava
Lava is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles, and solids which has extruded beyond a planetary crust.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava
A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities.
environment
environmental system
A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities.
DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43
A mineral material is an environmental material which is primarily composed of some substance that is naturally occurring, solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and that has an ordered atomic structure.
mineral material
A mineral material is an environmental material which is primarily composed of some substance that is naturally occurring, solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and that has an ordered atomic structure.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral
Water vapour is a vapour which is the gas phase of water.
aqueous vapor
aqueous vapour
water vapor
water vapour
Water vapour is a vapour which is the gas phase of water.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor
aqueous vapor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor
aqueous vapour
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor
water vapor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor
An atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a material body of sufficient mass that is held in place by the gravity of the body.
atmosphere
An atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a material body of sufficient mass that is held in place by the gravity of the body.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_geography
Atmospheric water vapour is water vapour that is part of an atmosphere.
atmospheric water vapor
atmospheric water vapour
Atmospheric water vapour is water vapour that is part of an atmosphere.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor
atmospheric water vapor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor
Ice is water frozen into a solid state. It can appear transparent or opaque bluish-white color, depending on the presence of impurities or air inclusions. The addition of other materials such as soil may further alter its appearance.
ice
water ice
Ice is water frozen into a solid state. It can appear transparent or opaque bluish-white color, depending on the presence of impurities or air inclusions. The addition of other materials such as soil may further alter its appearance.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice
ice
http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/4131
A layer is a quantity of some material which has comparable thickness and usually covers some surface.
layer
A layer is a quantity of some material which has comparable thickness and usually covers some surface.
Wiktionary:layer
A river where fresh water flows.
freshwater river
A river where fresh water flows.
ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088
An endolithic environment is an environment that exists within solid rock.
endolithic environment
A high temperature environment is an environment in which material entities are exposed to increased levels of heat radiation or which have molecules or atoms moving randomly with increased levels of average kinietic energy.
high temperature environment
An aquatic environment which is determined by freshwater.
fresh water environment
freshwater environment
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by saline water.
saline water environment
An anthropogenic environment is an environmental system which is the product of human activity.
anthropogenic environment
A high osmolarity environment is an environment in which entities are exposed to high concentrations of solutes.
high osmolarity environment
An environment whose dynamics are strongly influenced by water.
aquatic environment
A rocky slope is a slope which has a surface primarily composed of rock.
rocky slope
A marine environment and enviroment which is determined by a marine water body.
marine environment
A marine environment and enviroment which is determined by a marine water body.
NM:nm
An environmental system determined by seawater.
ocean water environment
sea water environment
A planetary surface is a surface layer where the solid or liquid material of a planet comes into contact with atmosphere or outer space.
planetary surface
A layer in a water mass, itself composed primarily of water.
aquatic layer
A dome swamp is a swamp which occurs in a depression where deeper waters at the centre of the swamp allow trees to grow taller relative to those in shallower regions of the depression. This creates a dome-like shape.
dome swamp
A gravelly slope is a slope which has a surface primarily composed of gravel.
gravelly slope
A hillside is a slope that is part of a hill.
brae
hillside
A talus slope is a slope which has a surface layer composed of scree.
scree slope
talus slope
An unbroken expanse (as of ice)
field
An unbroken expanse (as of ice)
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/field
A tropical marine condition is a tropical condition in which the ocean strongly influences the climate and a wet and dry season occur.
tropical marine condition
A tropical marine condition is a tropical condition in which the ocean strongly influences the climate and a wet and dry season occur.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_marine_climate
A semi-evergreen forest is a forest which undergoes a long dry season and, as a consequence, has a two-storey layer structure, a dry canopy, a leaf litter layer that only decays during moist periods trees with very small leaves or which shed their leaves to conserve water and which flower during the dry season and grow during the wet season.
semi-evergreen forest
mesophytic ecosystem
tropical marine semi-evergreen forest
A semi-evergreen forest is a forest which undergoes a long dry season and, as a consequence, has a two-storey layer structure, a dry canopy, a leaf litter layer that only decays during moist periods trees with very small leaves or which shed their leaves to conserve water and which flower during the dry season and grow during the wet season.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_marine_climate
mesophytic ecosystem
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_marine_climate
tropical mangrove forest
tropical mangrove
Snow is an environmental material which is primarily composed of flakes of crystalline water ice.
snow
snow
Snow is an environmental material which is primarily composed of flakes of crystalline water ice.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow
snow
http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/7769
An environmental zone is an environmental feature whose extent is determined by the presence or influence of one or more material entities or processes. An environmental zone may, itself, assume the role of an environmental feature.
environmental area
environmental zone
A boundary layer is a layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface where the effects of viscosity are significant enough to distort the surrounding non-viscous flow.
boundary layer
boundary layer
A boundary layer is a layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface where the effects of viscosity are significant enough to distort the surrounding non-viscous flow.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary_layer
boundary layer
http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/976
mass of biological material
Charcoal is a light, black residue, consisting of carbon and any remaining ash, obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from animal and vegetation substances. Charcoal is usually produced by slow pyrolysis, the heating of wood or other substances in the absence of oxygen.
charcoal
Charcoal is a light, black residue, consisting of carbon and any remaining ash, obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from animal and vegetation substances. Charcoal is usually produced by slow pyrolysis, the heating of wood or other substances in the absence of oxygen.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcoal
A lentic water body is a water body in which the accumulated water, in its totality, has very little to no directed flow.
lentic water body
A lotic water body is a water body in which the accumulated water, in its totality, is flowing.
lotic water body
Hydrological condensation is a process in which atmospheric water vapour undergoes a phase transition from the gas phase to the liquid phase.
condensation
hydrological condensation process
Hydrological condensation is a process in which atmospheric water vapour undergoes a phase transition from the gas phase to the liquid phase.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation
A volcanic process is a process during which lava, tephra (ash, lapilli, volcanic bombs and blocks), and assorted gases are expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure.
volcanic eruption
A volcanic process is a process during which lava, tephra (ash, lapilli, volcanic bombs and blocks), and assorted gases are expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions
Land is a planetary surface that is not covered by liquid.
ground
land
Land is a planetary surface that is not covered by liquid.
Adpated from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface
Outer space is a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays that exists between celestial bodies.
space
outer space
Outer space is a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays that exists between celestial bodies.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_space
A planetary crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet or natural satellite, which is chemically distinct from the underlying mantle.
crust
planetary crust
A planetary crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet or natural satellite, which is chemically distinct from the underlying mantle.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust_(geology)
A planetary structural layer is laminar part of a terrestrial planet or other rocky body large enough to have differentiation by density. Planetary layers have differing physicochemical properties and composition.
planetary structural layer
Magma is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles, and solids that is found beneath the uppermost solid layer of a planetary body. Besides molten rock, magma may also contain suspended crystals, dissolved gas and sometimes gas bubbles.
magma
Magma is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles, and solids that is found beneath the uppermost solid layer of a planetary body. Besides molten rock, magma may also contain suspended crystals, dissolved gas and sometimes gas bubbles.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magma
stream channel
river channel
An explosive eruption is a volcanic process in which pressurised magma is violently expelled and froths into volcanic ash. Explosive eruptions can eject a cloud of rocks, dust, gas, and pyroclastic material which may then collapse, creating a pyroclastic flow of hot volcanic matter.
explosive eruption
An explosive eruption is a volcanic process in which pressurised magma is violently expelled and froths into volcanic ash. Explosive eruptions can eject a cloud of rocks, dust, gas, and pyroclastic material which may then collapse, creating a pyroclastic flow of hot volcanic matter.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosive_eruption
Tephra is fragmental material produced by a volcanic eruption regardless of composition, fragment size or emplacement mechanism.
tephra
Tephra is fragmental material produced by a volcanic eruption regardless of composition, fragment size or emplacement mechanism.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tephra
A role that is realized in some process wherein the bearer is discarded or not utilized further.
waste role
A geological fracture is any separation in a geologic formation, such as a joint or a fault that divides a mass of rock into two or more pieces.
fracture
fissure
geological fracture
A geological fracture is any separation in a geologic formation, such as a joint or a fault that divides a mass of rock into two or more pieces.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fracture_(geology)
fissure
Genomes:fissure
A coast is the area where land meets the sea, ocean, or lake.
coast
A coast is the area where land meets the sea, ocean, or lake.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coast
Hydrological precipitation is a process during which any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapour is pulled to the planetary surface by gravity.
precipitation
hydrological precipitation process
Hydrological precipitation is a process during which any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapour is pulled to the planetary surface by gravity.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation
Soil degradation is a process which results in a change in soil health status resulting in a diminished capacity of the ecosystem in which the soil occurs to provide goods and services for its beneficiaries.
soil degradation
Soil degradation is a process which results in a change in soil health status resulting in a diminished capacity of the ecosystem in which the soil occurs to provide goods and services for its beneficiaries.
FAO:http://www.fao.org/soils-portal/soil-degradation-restoration/en/
Soil erosion is a process in which exogenic processes remove soil from one location on the Earth's crust and transport it to another location where it is deposited.
soil erosion
An unusual accumulation of water above the ground caused by high tide, heavy rain, melting snow or rapid runoff from paved areas.
flood
An unusual accumulation of water above the ground caused by high tide, heavy rain, melting snow or rapid runoff from paved areas.
GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/3298
Condensation is a process during which a gas undergoes a phase transition into a liquid.
condensation process
Condensation is a process during which a gas undergoes a phase transition into a liquid.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation
An aeroform is a geographic feature which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of gaseous or aerosolised material held in shape by one or more environmental processes.
aeroform
Forest which originally covered a region before changes in the environment brought about by people. (Source: PHC)
primary forest
Forest which originally covered a region before changes in the environment brought about by people. (Source: PHC)
http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept?cp=6622
An area which is outside of a town, city, or urban area. Rural areas are primarily used for agriculture or pastoralism and may contain rural settlements.
rural area
An area which is outside of a town, city, or urban area. Rural areas are primarily used for agriculture or pastoralism and may contain rural settlements.
http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/am085e/am085e.pdf
A fire is a process whereby rapid and exothermic oxidation of a material through a combustion process releases heat, light, and other products.
fire
A fire is a process whereby rapid and exothermic oxidation of a material through a combustion process releases heat, light, and other products.
http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept?cp=3212
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire
A conflagration which is uncontrolled and combusts material in a vegetated area, be it rural or wild.
wildland fire
wildfire
A fire which occurs in a large spatial area poses a risk to human life, animal life, health, and/or property.
blaze
large fire
conflagration
A fire which occurs in a large spatial area poses a risk to human life, animal life, health, and/or property.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflagration
A portion of gas which is emitted by a fire or other exothermic reaction, is of increased temperature, and typically emits light in the visible range.
flame
A portion of gas which is emitted by a fire or other exothermic reaction, is of increased temperature, and typically emits light in the visible range.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flame
A flame which is produced by the combustion of hydrocarbon fuel.
hydrocarbon flame
A process whereby a large volume of gas moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces.
wind
mass gaseous flow
A process whereby a large volume of gas moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind
A mass gaseous flow which occurrs in a planet's atmosphere due to internal pressure disequilibria.
atmospheric wind
A mass gaseous flow which occurrs in a planet's atmosphere due to internal pressure disequilibria.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind
A material entity which is composed of one or more chemical entities and has neither independent shape nor volume but tends to expand indefinitely.
gas
gaseous environmental material
A material entity which is composed of one or more chemical entities and has neither independent shape nor volume but tends to expand indefinitely.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gas
An object which is naturally occuring, bound together by gravitational or electromagnetic forces, and surrounded by space.
celestial body
astronomical body
An object which is naturally occuring, bound together by gravitational or electromagnetic forces, and surrounded by space.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_object
A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals.
planet
A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals.
http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/whatisaplanet
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet
1
An object which is composed of one or more gravitationally bound structures that are associated with a position in space.
celestial object
astronomical object
An object which is composed of one or more gravitationally bound structures that are associated with a position in space.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_object
A material part of an astronomical body.
astronomical body part
An environmental material which is in a solid state.
solid environmental material
An environmental material which is in a liquid state.
liquid environmental material
A biosphere is an environmental system which includes, as parts, all the living entities within the gravitational sphere of influence of an astronomical body, and the non-living and dead entities which they interact with.
biosphere
A biosphere is an environmental system which includes, as parts, all the living entities within the gravitational sphere of influence of an astronomical body, and the non-living and dead entities which they interact with.
http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Biosphere
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere
An astronomical body part which is composed of the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet.
hydrosphere
An astronomical body part which is composed of the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrosphere
smoke
Combustion or burning is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke.
combustion process
Combustion or burning is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion
thermolysis
Marl is a mass of calcium carbonate derived from mollusk shells and mixed with silt and clay.
marl
Marl is a mass of calcium carbonate derived from mollusk shells and mixed with silt and clay.
http://corn.agronomy.wisc.edu/Management/pdfs/a3671.pdf
A precipitation process is a process in which a portion of some substance segregates from a material in which that substance or its precursors were dissolved or suspended in and settles due to a force such as gravity or centrifugal force.
precipitation process
A precipitation process is a process in which a portion of some substance segregates from a material in which that substance or its precursors were dissolved or suspended in and settles due to a force such as gravity or centrifugal force.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_%28chemistry%29
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation
An environmental system in which minimal to no anthropisation has occurred and non-human agents are the primary determinants of the system's dynamics and composition.
natural environment
An environmental system in which minimal to no anthropisation has occurred and non-human agents are the primary determinants of the system's dynamics and composition.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropization
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environment
A process during which a natural environmental system is altered by human action.
anthropization
anthropisation
A process during which a natural environmental system is altered by human action.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropization
A planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals.
rocky planet
telluric planet
Earth-like planet
terrestrial planet
A planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_planet
An environmental system which includes, as parts, all the entities which have been constructed or manufactured by humans or their technology within the gravitational sphere of influence of an astronomical body.
technosphere
An environmental system which includes, as parts, all the entities which have been constructed or manufactured by humans or their technology within the gravitational sphere of influence of an astronomical body.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053019616677743
http://www.yourdictionary.com/technosphere
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/11/161130085021.htm
A planned process during which raw or recycled materials are transformed into products for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation.
manufacturing process
A planned process during which raw or recycled materials are transformed into products for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing
An process during which natural or manufactured materials and products are processed and arranged by humans or their technology into structures.
construction process
An environmental system which is determined by materials bearing roughly homogeneous qualities.
environmental system determined by a quality
An environmental system within which an environmental material strongly influences the system's composition and properties.
environmental system determined by a material
An environmental system which is determined by a living organism.
host-associated environment
environmental system determined by an organism
An environmental system determined by an animal.
animal environment
Metazoan-associated environment
animal-associated environment
A meteor is any matter- or energy-based entity which is located in the atmosphere of an astronomical body.
meteor
A meteor which is primarily composed of water.
hydrometeor
A meteor which is primarily composed of rock.
lithometeor
A lake which has formed as the result of processes that are not or are only minimally driven by human activity.
natural lake
A process during which energy is emitted or transmitted in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium.
radiation
A process during which energy is emitted or transmitted in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation
An environment which is determined by materials which bear significant concentrations of salts.
saline environment
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by soil.
soil environment
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by an aerosol.
aerosol environment
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a saline aerosol.
saline aerosol environment
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by an aerosol with a low concentration of dissolved solutes.
non-saline aerosol environment
An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead animal, or a whole small animal.
environment associated with an animal part or small animal
An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead plant, or a whole small plant.
environment associated with a plant part or small plant
A lake contained within a crater.
crater lake
A lake contained within a crater.
MA:ma
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_lake
An astronomical body which is composed of rocky or metallic materials and is considerably smaller than asteroids.
meteoroid
An astronomical body which is composed of rocky or metallic materials and is considerably smaller than asteroids.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteoroid
A material which is composed primarily of one or more pure metals and which shows their properties.
metal
metallic material
A material which is composed primarily of one or more pure metals and which shows their properties.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal
An aerosol which is primarily composed of liquid droplets.
liquid aerosol
An aerosol which is primarily composed of liquid droplets.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol
An aerosol which is primarily composed of solid particles.
solid aerosol
An aerosol which is primarily composed of solid particles.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol
An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components.
ecosystem
An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem
A planet which is primarily composed of hydrogen and helium.
gas planet
A planet which is primarily composed of hydrogen and helium.
http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/whatisaplanet
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_planet_types
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet
An ice is an environmental material which is either frozen or which is maintained in a solid state by gravitational forces or pressure.
ice
A terrestrial planet which has a surface dominated by hot deserts.
dry planet
desert planet
A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by water, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of water.
aquaplanet
panthalassic planet
water world
ocean planet
A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by water, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of water.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_planet
A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by ice, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of ice.
cryoplanet
ice planet
A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by ice, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of ice.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_planet
A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by lava, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of lava.
lava planet
A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by lava, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of lava.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_planet
A gas planet which has an atmosphere composed primarily of helium.
helium planet
A gas planet which has an atmosphere composed primarily of helium.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium_planet
A material which is composed primarily of chemical elements and compounds with relatively low boiling points, equilibrium condensation temperatures below 1300 Kelvin, and which are part of the crust or atmosphere of a moon or planet.
volatile
volatile astrogeological material
A material which is composed primarily of chemical elements and compounds with relatively low boiling points, equilibrium condensation temperatures below 1300 Kelvin, and which are part of the crust or atmosphere of a moon or planet.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatiles
An astrogeological volatile which is composed primarily of chemical compounds with boiling points around those of hydrogen and helium.
gas
astrogeological gas
An astrogeological volatile which is composed primarily of chemical compounds with boiling points around those of hydrogen and helium.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatiles
An oasis is a vegetated area located in a desert, supplied with water from a water source which it surrounds, and surrounded by arid soil, sand, or rock.
cienaga
oasis
A vegetated area is a geographic feature which has ground cover dominated by plant communities.
vegetated area
A hydroform is a geographic feature which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of liquid water held in shape by an environmental process.
hydroform
Coastal water is a marine water body bordering a coast.
coastal water body
Coastal water is a marine water body bordering a coast.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal
A mixture of crushed and coarsely ground bones that is used as an organic fertilizer for plants and formerly in animal feed.
bone meal
A mixture of crushed and coarsely ground bones that is used as an organic fertilizer for plants and formerly in animal feed.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_meal
Plant feed is a biotic mesoscopic physical object consisting of any foodstuff that is used specifically to feed plants.
plant feed
Plant feed is a biotic mesoscopic physical object consisting of any foodstuff that is used specifically to feed plants.
ls:ls
A process in which includes the components of an environmental system as participants.
environmental system process
a type of land degradation in which a relatively dry land region becomes increasingly arid, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife.
desertification
a type of land degradation in which a relatively dry land region becomes increasingly arid, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife.
A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from the overflow of inland and/or tidal waters, and/or the unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source. A great flow along a watercourse or a flow causing inundation of lands not normally covered by water.
flooding
A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from the overflow of inland and/or tidal waters, and/or the unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source. A great flow along a watercourse or a flow causing inundation of lands not normally covered by water.
GEMET: http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/3301
A process which occurs within an atmosphere.
atmospheric process
forest process
An environmental process which is driven by the action of humans.
anthropogenic environmental process
An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove soil and rock from one location on the Earth's crust, then transport it to another location where it is deposited.
erosion
An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove soil and rock from one location on the Earth's crust, then transport it to another location where it is deposited.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion
hydrological process
A process during which the mass of one or more materials, present within a given site, increases.
material accumulation process
A process during which material is displaced from it's original location and transported either to a new location or back to the original location.
material transport process
A depression which is part of a planetary crust, is of geographic scale, and is partially or completely enclosed.
geographic basin
A depression which is part of a planetary crust, is of geographic scale, and is partially or completely enclosed.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basin
A material transport process during which one or more environmental materials are transported by the action of wind.
eolian
æolian
aeolian transport process
A material transport process during which one or more environmental materials are transported by the action of wind.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeolian_processes
A process during which a portion of some environmental material is converted into a different material or a collection of materials.
material transformation process
A geographic feature which is primarily composed of a continuous mass of snow and/or ice.
cryoform
The temperature of some environmental material.
environmental material temperature
temperature of environmental material
The temperature of some air.
air temperature
temperature of air
The intensity of a atmospheric wind.
intensity of atmospheric wind
atmospheric wind intensity
The porosity of some soil.
soil porosity
porosity of soil
The mass density of some soil.
soil mass density
mass density of soil
The concentration of a ammonium when measured in soil.
soil ammonium concentration
concentration of ammonium in soil
The concentration of a nitrate when measured in soil.
soil nitrate concentration
concentration of nitrate in soil
The composition of some soil.
soil composition
composition of soil
The structure of some soil.
soil structure
structure of soil
The acidity of some soil.
soil acidity
acidity of soil
The temperature of some soil.
soil temperature
temperature of soil
The wetness of some soil.
soil wetness
wetness of soil
The temperature of some water.
water temperature
temperature of water
A hydrological precipitation process with a reduced rate relative to some historical average, typically resulting in ecosystemic perturbations.
drought
A process which results in the formation of an island.
island formation process
An environment which is determined by an anatomical entity.
anatomical entity environment
molecular process
molecular_function
catalytic activity
true
ubiquitin-protein ligase activity
receptor activity
nucleus
behavior
feeding behavior
Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end.
biological process
physiological process
biological_process
membrane
true
kinase activity
transferase activity
transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
ligase activity
ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds
acid-amino acid ligase activity
small conjugating protein ligase activity
axon
dendrite
presynaptic membrane
cell projection
neuron projection
true
symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism
interspecies interaction between organisms
synapse part
cell part
synapse
postsynaptic membrane
response to stimulus
interaction with symbiont
multi-organism process
multi-organism behavior
acquisition of nutrients from other organism during symbiotic interaction
acquisition of nutrients from symbiont
true
parasitism
true
mutualism
true
commensalism
A measurement unit label is as a label that is part of a scalar measurement datum and denotes a unit of measure.
measurement unit label
a directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved.
experiment objective
objective specification
a directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take
action specification
A label is a symbol that is part of some other datum and is used to either partially define the denotation of that datum or to provide a means for identifying the datum as a member of the set of data with the same label
datum label
Software is a plan specification composed of a series of instructions that can be
interpreted by or directly executed by a processing unit.
software
A quality of an information bearer that imparts the information content
information carrier
a data item is an information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.
data item
A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing.
information content entity
1
1
a scalar measurement datum is a measurement datum that is composed of two parts, numerals and a unit label.
scalar measurement datum
An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process.
directive information entity
A dot plot is a report graph which is a graphical representation of data where each data point is represented by a single dot placed on coordinates corresponding to data point values in particular dimensions.
dot plot
A diagram that presents one or more tuples of information by mapping those tuples in to a two dimensional space in a non arbitrary way.
graph
A plan specification which describes the inputs and output of mathematical functions as well as workflow of execution for achieving an predefined objective. Algorithms are realized usually by means of implementation as computer programs for execution by automata.
algorithm
The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
curation status specification
A data format specification is the information content borne by the document published defining the specification.
Example: The ISO document specifying what encompasses an XML document; The instructions in a XSD file
data format specification
A data item that is an aggregate of other data items of the same type that have something in common. Averages and distributions can be determined for data sets.
data set
An image is an affine projection to a two dimensional surface, of measurements of some quality of an entity or entities repeated at regular intervals across a spatial range, where the measurements are represented as color and luminosity on the projected on surface.
image
data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term
data about an ontology part
A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts that, when concretized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified.
plan specification
A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device.
measurement datum
A material entity in which a concretization of an information content entity inheres.
material information bearer
A histogram is a report graph which is a statistical description of a
distribution in terms of occurrence frequencies of different event classes.
histogram
A heatmap is a report graph which is a graphical representation of data
where the values taken by a variable(s) are shown as colors in a
two-dimensional map.
heatmap
A dendrogram is a report graph which is a tree diagram
frequently used to illustrate the arrangement of the clusters produced by a
clustering algorithm.
dendrogram
A scatterplot is a graph which uses Cartesian coordinates to display values for two variables for a set of data. The data is displayed as a collection of points, each having the value of one variable determining the position on the horizontal axis and the value of the other variable determining the position on the vertical axis.
scatter plot
The reason for which a term has been deprecated. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
obsolescence reason specification
An information content entity consisting of a two dimensional arrangement of information content entities such that the arrangement itself is about something.
figure
A figure that expresses one or more propositions
diagram
A collection of information content entities intended to be understood together as a whole
document
A scalar measurement datum that is the result of measurement of length quality
length measurement datum
A denotator type indicates how a term should be interpreted from an ontological perspective.
denotator type
A scalar measurement datum that is the result of measurement of mass quality
mass measurement datum
A scalar measurement datum that is the result of measuring a temporal interval
time measurement datum
email address
a planned process in which a document is created or added to by including the specified input in it.
documenting
time stamped measurement datum
all
root
all
Viruses
Teleostomi
bony vertebrates
Euteleostomi
biota
cellular organisms
biota
Dipnotetrapodomorpha
Boreotheria
Boreoeutheria
Bacteria
Homo/Pan/Gorilla group
Homininae
Archaea
eucaryotes
eukaryotes
Eucarya
Eucaryotae
Eukarya
Eukaryotae
eukaryotes
Eukaryota
eucaryotes
eukaryotes
Eucarya
Eucaryotae
Eukarya
Eukaryotae
eukaryotes
Euarchontoglires
Anthropoidea
Simiiformes
ape
apes
Hominoidea
tetrapods
Tetrapoda
amniotes
Amniota
Theria
Theria <Mammalia>
green plants
Chlorobionta
Chlorophyta/Embryophyta group
chlorophyte/embryophyte group
green plants
Viridiplantae
green plants
Chlorobionta
Chlorophyta/Embryophyta group
chlorophyte/embryophyte group
green plants
Fungi/Metazoa group
opisthokonts
Opisthokonta
metazoans
multicellular animals
Animalia
animals
Metazoa
Bilateria
deuterostomes
Deuterostomia
Haplorrhini
mammals
mammals
Mammalia
Eumetazoa
chordates
chordates
Chordata
Vertebrata
vertebrates
vertebrates
Vertebrata <Metazoa>
Gnathostomata
jawed vertebrates
Gnathostomata <vertebrate>
Sarcopterygii
Craniata
Craniata <chordata>
eutherian mammals
placental mammals
placentals
Placentalia
placentals
Eutheria
primate
Primata
primates
Primates
Catarrhini
great apes
Pongidae
Hominidae
Homo
human
man
humans
Homo sapiens
A processual entity that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification.
planned process
a regulatory role involved with making and/or enforcing relevant legislation and governmental orders
regulator role
Biological_feature_identification_objective is an objective role carried out by the proposition defining the aim of a study designed to examine or characterize a particular biological feature.
biological feature identification objective
a role which inheres in material entities and is realized in the processes of making, enforcing or being defined by legislation or orders issued by a governmental body.
regulatory role
a role realized through the process of supplying materials such as animal subjects, reagents or other materials used in an investigation.
material supplier role
A data set that is produced as the output of a class prediction data transformation and consists of a data set with assigned class labels.
classified data set
Is a material entity that is created or changed during material processing.
processed material
a planned process that consists of parts: planning, study design execution, documentation and which produce conclusion(s).
investigation
a role that inheres in a material entity that is realized in an assay in which data is generated about the bearer of the evaluant role
evaluant role
A planned process with the objective to produce information about the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies.
assay
A planned process which results in physical changes in a specified input material
material processing
a role borne by a material entity that is gained during a specimen collection process and that can be realized by use of the specimen in an investigation
specimen role
An intervention design is a study design in which a controlled process applied to the subjects (the intervention) serves as the independent variable manipulated by the experimentalist. The treatment (perturbation or intervention) defined can be defined as a combination of values taken by independent variable manipulated by the experimentalists are applied to the recruited subjects assigned (possibly by applying specific methods) to treatment groups. The specificity of intervention design is the fact that independent variables are being manipulated and a response of the biological system is evaluated via response variables as monitored by possibly a series of assays.
intervention design
A role borne by an entity and that is realized in a process that is part of an investigation in which an objective is achieved. These processes include, among others: planning, overseeing, funding, reviewing.
investigation agent role
An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members.
organization
Organism_feature_identification_objective is a biological_feature_identification_objective role describing a study designed to examine or characterize a biological feature monitored at the level of the organism, e.g. height, weight, stage of development, stage of life cycle.
organism feature identification objective
A plan specification which has sufficient level of detail and quantitative information to communicate it between investigation agents, so that different investigation agents will reliably be able to independently reproduce the process.
protocol
is a process with the objective to place a material entity bearing the 'material to be added role' into a material bearing the 'target of material addition role'.
adding a material entity into a target
material to be added role is a protocol participant role realized by a material which is added into a material bearing the target of material addition role in a material addition process
material to be added role
A planned process in which data gathered in an investigation is evaluated in the context of existing knowledge with the objective to generate more general conclusions or to conclude that the data does not allow one to draw general conclusion
drawing a conclusion based on data
a process of creating or modifying a plan specification
planning
An averaging objective is a data transformation objective where the aim is to perform mean calculations on the input of the data transformation.
averaging objective
is the specification of an objective to add a material into a target material. The adding is asymmetric in the sense that the target material largely retains its identity
adding material objective
an objective specification to determine a specified type of information about an evaluated entity (the material entity bearing evaluant role)
assay objective
target of material addition role is a role realized by an entity into which a material is added in a material addition process
target of material addition role
A regulatory agency is a organization that has responsibility over or for the legislation (acts and regulations) for a given sector of the government.
regulatory agency
an objective specifiction that creates an specific output object from input materials.
material transformation objective
Manufacturing is a process with the intent to produce a processed material which will have a function for future use. A person or organization (having manufacturer role) is a participant in this process
manufacturing
is the objective to manufacture a material of a certain function (device)
manufacturing objective
a planned process that carries out a study design
study design execution
Manufacturer role is a role which inheres in a person or organization and which is realized by a manufacturing process.
manufacturer role
A data set that is produced as the output of a class discovery data transformation and consists of a data set with assigned discovered class labels.
clustered data set
is a material processing with the objective to combine two or more material entities as input into a single material entity as output.
material combination
A planned process with the objective of collecting a specimen.
specimen collection process
A class prediction data transformation (sometimes called supervised classification) is a data transformation that has objective class prediction.
class prediction data transformation
A data item that is produced as the output of a center calculation data transformation and represents the center value of the input data.
center value
A data item that is produced as the output of an averaging data transformation and represents the average value of the input data.
average value
A objective specification to obtain a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation.
specimen collection objective
is an objective to obtain an output material that contains several input materials.
material combination objective
A support vector machine is a data transformation with a class prediction objective based on the construction of a separating hyperplane that maximizes the margin between two data sets of vectors in n-dimensional space.
support vector machine
A decision tree induction objective is a data transformation objective in which a tree-like graph of edges and nodes is created and from which the selection of each branch requires that some type of logical decision is made.
decision tree induction objective
A decision tree building data transformation is a data transformation that has objective decision tree induction.
decision tree building data transformation
a software that provides access to more than 100 tools for gene expression analysis, proteomics, SNP analysis and common data processing tasks.
GenePattern software
Peak matching is a data transformation performed on a dataset of a graph of ordered data points (e.g. a spectrum) with the objective of pattern matching local maxima above a noise threshold
peak matching
A k-nearest neighbors is a data transformation which achieves a class discovery or partitioning objective, in which an input data object with vector y is assigned to a class label based upon the k closest training data set points to y; where k is the largest value that class label is assigned.
k-nearest neighbors
A CART (classification and regression trees) is a data transformation method for producing a classification or regression model with a tree-based structure.
CART
a directive information entity that is part of a study design. Independent variables are entities whose values are selected to determine its relationship to an observed phenomenon (the dependent variable). In such an experiment, an attempt is made to find evidence that the values of the independent variable determine the values of the dependent variable (that which is being measured). The independent variable can be changed as required, and its values do not represent a problem requiring explanation in an analysis, but are taken simply as given. The dependent variable on the other hand, usually cannot be directly controlled
study design independent variable
A data transformation which assesses how the results of a statistical analysis will generalize to an independent data set.
statistical model validation
An organization formed with a goal to have its members conduct investigations
research organization
A person or organization that has a manufacturer role
manufacturer
the part of the execution of an intervention design study which is varied between two or more subjects in the study
study intervention
a process that achieves a training objective
training process
A handedness assay measures the unequal distribution of fine motor skill between the left and right hands typically in human subjects by means of some questionnaire and scoring procedure.
handedness assay
is a role which inheres in a person or organization and is realized in in a planned process which provides access to training, materials or execution of protocols for an organization or person
service provider role
A specimen that has been intentionally physically modified.
processed specimen
An objective specification which is fulfilled by the provision of some training.
training objective
A label that is part of a categorical datum and that indicates the value of the data item on the categorical scale.
categorical label
a directive information entity that describes the dose that will be administered to a target
dose specification
A document with a set of printed or written questions with a choice of answers, devised for the purposes of a survey or statistical study.
questionnaire
a material transformation objective aims to create genetically modified organism or cell
genetic transformation objective
An age measurement datum that is the result of the measurement of the age of an organism since planting, the process of placing a plant in media (e.g. soil) to allow it to grow, which excludes sowing.
age since planting measurement datum
An assay that measures the duration of temporal interval of a process that is part of the life of the bearer, where the initial time point of the measured process is the beginning of some transitional state of the bearer such as birth or when planted.
age measurement assay
An age measurement datum that is the result of the measurement of the age of an organism since germination, the process consisting of physiological and developmental changes by a seed, spore, pollen grain (microspore), or zygote that occur after release from dormancy, and encompassing events prior to and including the first visible indications of growth.
age since germination measurement datum
An age measurement datum that is the result of the measurement of the age of an organism since sowing, the process of placing a seed or spore in some media with the intention to invoke germination.
age since sowing measurement datum
A time measurement datum that is the result of measurement of age of an organism
age measurement datum
an objective specification to generate a population or type of organism within species that have some uniform behavioral, morphological, physiological, or genetic characteristics with similarly bred organisms.
selective organism creation objective
An organism that is bred to have some uniform behavioral, morphological, physiological, or genetic characteristics with similarly bred organisms
selectively maintained organism
A study design in which the pathological condition of a part, organ, or system of an organism is studied. The etiology may be from infection, genetic defect, or environmental stress.
disease state design
A study design that assays differences between multiple strains, cultivars, serovars, isolates, lines from organisms of a single species.
strain comparison design
A scalar measurement datum that represents the number of events occuring over a time interval
rate measurement datum
A measurement datum that is the measure of the latitude coordinate of a site.
latitude coordinate measurement datum
A measurement datum that is the measure of the longitude coordinate of a site.
longitude coordinate measurement datum
An information content entity that is inferred from data.
conclusion based on data
A value specification that is specifies one category out of a fixed number of nominal categories
categorical value specification
1
1
A value specification that consists of two parts: a numeral and a unit label
scalar value specification
An information content entity that specifies a value within a classification scheme or on a quantitative scale.
value specification
An organization that provides funding support for projects such as investigations.
grant agency
A material entity that has two or more specimens as its parts.
collection of specimens
A categorical value specification that is a histologic grade assigned to a tumor slide specimen according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 7th Edition grading system.
histologic grade according to AJCC 7th edition
A categorical value specification that is a histologic grade assigned to a tumor slide specimen according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System.
histologic grade according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System
A categorical value specification that is a histologic grade assigned to a ovarian tumor.
histologic grade for ovarian tumor
A histologic grade for ovarian tumor that is from a two-tier histological classification of tumors.
histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to a two-tier grading system
A histologic grade for ovarian tumor that is from a histological classification by the World Health Organization (WHO).
histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to the World Health Organization
A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of colorectal cancer following the rules of the TNM American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) version 7 classification system as they pertain to staging of the primary tumor. TNM pathologic primary tumor findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery.
pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition
A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of lung cancer following the rules of the TNM American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) version 7 classification system as they pertain to staging of the primary tumor. TNM pathologic primary tumor findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery.
pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition
A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of renal cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of the primary tumor. TNM pathologic primary tumor findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery.
pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition
A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of ovarian cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of the primary tumor. TNM pathologic primary tumor findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery.
pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition
A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of colorectal cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of regional lymph nodes.
pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition
A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of lung cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of regional lymph nodes.
pathologic lymph node stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition
A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of renal cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of regional lymph nodes.
pathologic lymph node stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition
A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of ovarian cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of regional lymph nodes.
pathologic lymph node stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition
A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of colon cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to distant metastases. TNM pathologic distant metastasis findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery.
pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition
A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of lung cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to distant metastases. TNM pathologic distant metastasis findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery.
pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition
A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of renal cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to distant metastases. TNM pathologic distant metastasis findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery.
pathologic distant metastases stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition
A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of ovarian cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to distant metastases. TNM pathologic distant metastasis findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery.
pathologic distant metastases stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition
A categorical value specification that is an assessment of the stage of a cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) v7 staging systems.
clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition
A categorical value specification that is an assessment of the stage of a gynecologic cancer according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging systems.
International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification
A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of ovarian cancer following the rules of the FIGO classification system.
International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification
A categorical value specification that is an assessment of a participant's performance status (general well-being and activities of daily life).
performance status value specification
A performance status value specification designed by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group to assess disease progression and its affect on the daily living abilities of the patient.
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification
A performance status value specification designed for classifying patients 16 years of age or older by their functional impairment.
Karnofsky score vaue specification
A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs.
organism
A material entity that has the specimen role.
specimen
A planned process that produces output data from input data.
data transformation
is a data transformation : leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) involves using a single observation from the original sample as the validation data, and the remaining observations as the training data. This is repeated such that each observation in the sample is used once as the validation data
leave one out cross validation method
A k-means clustering is a data transformation which achieves a class discovery or partitioning objective, which takes as input a collection of objects (represented as points in multidimensional space) and which partitions them into a specified number k of clusters. The algorithm attempts to find the centers of natural clusters in the data. The most common form of the algorithm starts by partitioning the input points into k initial sets, either at random or using some heuristic data. It then calculates the mean point, or centroid, of each set. It constructs a new partition by associating each point with the closest centroid. Then the centroids are recalculated for the new clusters, and the algorithm repeated by alternate applications of these two steps until convergence, which is obtained when the points no longer switch clusters (or alternatively centroids are no longer changed).
k-means clustering
A hierarchical clustering is a data transformation which achieves a class discovery objective, which takes as input data item and builds a hierarchy of clusters. The traditional representation of this hierarchy is a tree (visualized by a dendrogram), with the individual input objects at one end (leaves) and a single cluster containing every object at the other (root).
hierarchical clustering
A dimensionality reduction is data partitioning which transforms each input m-dimensional vector (x_1, x_2, ..., x_m) into an output n-dimensional vector (y_1, y_2, ..., y_n), where n is smaller than m.
dimensionality reduction
A principal components analysis dimensionality reduction is a dimensionality reduction achieved by applying principal components analysis and by keeping low-order principal components and excluding higher-order ones.
principal components analysis dimensionality reduction
An planned process that creates images, diagrams or animations from the input data.
data visualization
An objective specification to transformation input data into output data
data transformation objective
An averaging data transformation is a data transformation that has objective averaging.
averaging data transformation
A partitioning data transformation is a data transformation that has objective partitioning.
partitioning data transformation
A partitioning objective is a data transformation objective where the aim is to generate a collection of disjoint non-empty subsets whose union equals a non-empty input set.
partitioning objective
A class discovery data transformation (sometimes called unsupervised classification) is a data transformation that has objective class discovery.
class discovery data transformation
A center calculation objective is a data transformation objective where the aim is to calculate the center of an input data set.
center calculation objective
A class discovery objective (sometimes called unsupervised classification) is a data transformation objective where the aim is to organize input data (typically vectors of attributes) into classes, where the number of classes and their specifications are not known a priori. Depending on usage, the class assignment can be definite or probabilistic.
class discovery objective
A class prediction objective (sometimes called supervised classification) is a data transformation objective where the aim is to create a predictor from training data through a machine learning technique. The training data consist of pairs of objects (typically vectors of attributes) and
class labels for these objects. The resulting predictor can be used to attach class labels to any valid novel input object. Depending on usage, the prediction can be definite or probabilistic. A classification is learned from the training data and can then be tested on test data.
class prediction objective
A center calculation data transformation is a data transformation that has objective of center calculation.
center calculation data transformation
A cross validation objective is a data transformation objective in which the aim is to partition a sample of data into subsets such that the analysis is initially performed on a single subset, while the other subset(s) are retained for subsequent use in confirming and validating the initial analysis.
cross validation objective
A data visualization which has input of a clustered data set and produces an output of a report graph which is capable of rendering data of this type.
clustered data visualization
A pool of specimens is a mixture of a population of samples which have been gathered from one or more sample populations, obtained by the physical process of mixing individual specimens, e.g. mixing the DNA collected from the individual fish.
pool of specimens
A plan specification comprised of protocols (which may specify how and what kinds of data will be gathered) that are executed as part of an investigation and is realized during a study design execution.
study design
A randomized complete block design is_a study design which assigns randomly treatments to block. The number of units per block equals the number of treatment so each block receives each treatment exactly once (hence the qualifier 'complete'). The design was originally devised from field trials used in agronomy and agriculture. The analysis assumes that there is no interaction between block and treatment. The method was then used in other settings So The randomised complete block design is a design in which the subjects are matched according to a variable which the experimenter wishes to control. The subjects are put into groups (blocks) of the same size as the number of treatments. The members of each block are then randomly assigned to different treatment groups.
randomized complete block design
Latin square design is_a study design which allows in its simpler form controlling 2 levels of nuisance variables (also known as blocking variables).he 2 nuisance factors are divided into a tabular grid with the property that each row and each column receive each treatment exactly once.
latin square design
1
A process by which a substance is intentionally given to an organism resulting in exposure of the organism to that substance.
administering substance in vivo
a material that is added to another one in a material combination process
material to be added
A material entity into which another is being added in a material combinatino process
target of material addition
A disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism.
disease
The totality of all processes through which a given disease instance is realized.
disease course
A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities
quality (PATO)
trait
quality
A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities
PATOC:GVG
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's scalar absolute value of the rate of change of the bearer's position.
velocity
speed
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's scalar absolute value of the rate of change of the bearer's position.
Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity
A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of how long the bearer has existed.
age
A composite chromatic quality composed of hue, saturation and intensity parts.
colour
relative color
color
A composite chromatic quality composed of hue, saturation and intensity parts.
PATOC:GVG
A single physical entity inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's quantities or relative ratios of subparts.
composed of
compositionality
content
structure, composition
composition
A quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance.
concentration
concentration of
A quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance.
Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/concentration
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's orientation in space.
direction
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's orientation in space.
thesaurus.maths:thesaurus.maths
A quality that is the extent of space between two entities.
distance
A quality that is the extent of space between two entities.
PATOC:GVG
A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the number of the bearer's repetitive actions in a particular time.
frequency
A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the number of the bearer's repetitive actions in a particular time.
Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/frequency
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resistance to pressure, being broken, or pierced
impenetrability
toughness
hardness
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's possessing or displaying a distinctive feature in type or degree or effect or force.
intensity
A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure.
morphology
A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure.
PATOC:GVG
A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc).
relational shape quality
shape
A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc).
PATOC:GVG
A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting repetition of placement of its parts.
distribution
pattern
spatial pattern
A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting repetition of placement of its parts.
PATOC:GVG
qualitative
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average.
deviation(from_normal)
The number of entities of this type that are part of the whole organism.
count
presence or absence in organism
quantitative
count in organism
number
presence
amount
The number of entities of this type that are part of the whole organism.
PATOC:GVG
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to detect or perceive external stimulation.
sensitivity
sensitivity toward
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to detect or perceive external stimulation.
PATOC:GVG
A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude.
size
A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude.
WordNet:WordNet
A 1-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's vertical dimension of extension.
height
A 1-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's vertical dimension of extension.
PATOC:GVG
A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance between two points.
length
A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance between two points.
PATOC:GVG
A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter.
mass
A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter.
PATOC:GVG
A physical quality inhering in a bearer that has mass near a gravitational body.
weight
A physical quality inhering in a bearer that has mass near a gravitational body.
Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weight
A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's placement which is defined by the angle between the bearer and an axis, or the angle between the bearer and another object.
angular placement
amount of rotation
angle
angular magnitude
plane angle
orientation
A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's placement which is defined by the angle between the bearer and an axis, or the angle between the bearer and another object.
PATOC:JE
A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity.
location
placement
relational spatial quality
position
A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity.
PATOC:GVG
A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form.
conformation
relational structural quality
structure
A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form.
PATOC:GVG
conformation
VT:1000738
A physical quality of the thermal energy of a system.
temperature
A physical quality of the thermal energy of a system.
PATOC:GVG
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's sensitivity towards a fixed location or value where a change is observed; upper limit.
threshold
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's sensitivity towards a fixed location or value where a change is observed; upper limit.
PATOC:GVG
A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence per unit time.
rate
A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence per unit time.
PATOC:melissa
A quality in which events occur in sequence.
time
A quality in which events occur in sequence.
PATOC:GVG
An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's behavior aggregate of the responses or reactions or movements in a given situation.
behavioral quality
A quality of a single physical entity which is held by a bearer when the latter exhibits complete growth, differentiation, or development.
maturity
A quality of a single physical entity which is held by a bearer when the latter exhibits complete growth, differentiation, or development.
Merriam-Webster:Merriam-Webster
A color that lacks any hues as parts.
black
A color that lacks any hues as parts.
PATOC:GVG
An achromatic color of maximum brightness; the color of objects that reflect nearly all light of all visible wavelengths.
whitish
white
An achromatic color of maximum brightness; the color of objects that reflect nearly all light of all visible wavelengths.
Dictionary:http://dictionary.reference.com/
A color hue with medium wavelength of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between orange and green, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 570 to 590 nanometers.
yellow
A color hue with medium wavelength of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between orange and green, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 570 to 590 nanometers.
Dictionary:http://dictionary.reference.com/
A hardness quality of being rigid and resistant to pressure.
firm
impenetrable
tough
hard
branched
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a horizontal surface without a slope, tilt, or curvature.
plate-like
flat
A size quality which is relatively low.
hypoplasia
underdeveloped
reduced
small
tiny
decreased size
A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the dimension through an object as opposed to its length or width.
thickness
A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the dimension through an object as opposed to its length or width.
WordNet:WordNet
A 3-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of 3-dimensional space it occupies.
volume
A 3-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of 3-dimensional space it occupies.
PATOC:GVG
A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance from one side of an object to another side which is opposite.
breadth
width
A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance from one side of an object to another side which is opposite.
PATOC:GVG
A color between white and black colors.
plumbeous
grey
A color between white and black colors.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey
A color consisting of dark orange, red, of very low intensity.
brown
A color consisting of dark orange, red, of very low intensity.
Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown
An optical quality which obtains by virtue of the ability of the bearer to absorb visible light.
opacity
An optical quality which obtains by virtue of the ability of the bearer to absorb visible light.
PATOC:GVG
A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being clear; not transmitting or reflecting light or radiant energy.
non-transparent
clouding
cloudy
opaque
A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking opacity.
clear
transparent
A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking opacity.
PATOC:GVG
A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being permeated or pervaded by a gas or liquid (as by osmosis or diffusion).
permeability
A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being permeated or pervaded by a gas or liquid (as by osmosis or diffusion).
Biology-online:Biology-online
A permeability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to admit the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices.
porosity
A permeability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to admit the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices.
PATOC:GVG
A porosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being capable of admitting the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices.
porous
A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities.
relational physical quality
physical quality
A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities.
PATOC:GVG
A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of some influence is exerted by the bearer's mass per unit size.
density
mass density
A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of some influence is exerted by the bearer's mass per unit size.
WordNet:WordNet
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's capacity to do work.
energy
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's capacity to do work.
Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy
A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of force per unit area it exerts.
pressure
A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of force per unit area it exerts.
PATOC:GVG
A physical quality which is equal to the energy transferred by a force to a moving object.
W
work
A physical quality which is equal to the energy transferred by a force to a moving object.
Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of ratio of the bearer's output to the bearer's input.
efficiency
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of ratio of the bearer's output to the bearer's input.
WordNet:WordNet
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's rate of change of momentum.
force amplitude
force
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's rate of change of momentum.
thesaurus.maths:thesaurus.maths
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's length being notably higher than its width.
elongated
linear
A quality which inheres in an process.
quality of a process
quality of occurrent
quality of process
relational quality of occurrent
process quality
A quality which inheres in an process.
PATOC:GVG
A physical object quality which inheres in a single-bearer.
quality of a single physical entity
A quality which inheres in a continuant.
monadic quality of a continuant
multiply inhering quality of a physical entity
quality of a continuant
quality of a single physical entity
quality of an object
quality of continuant
monadic quality of an object
monadic quality of continuant
physical object quality
A quality which inheres in a continuant.
PATOC:GVG
A color consisting of yellow hue and high brightness.
blond
light yellow
A color consisting of yellow hue and high brightness.
PATOC:GVG
A physical quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer interacts with electromagnetic radiation.
electromagnetic (EM) radiation quality
A physical quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer interacts with electromagnetic radiation.
Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation
An EM radiation quality that is independent of the EM wavelength range.
full-spectrum EM radiation quality
An EM radiation quality that is independent of the EM wavelength range.
PATOC:GVG
A scalar EM radiation quality which obtains by the capacity of the bearer to scatter or reflect radiation.
radiation reflective quality
A scalar EM radiation quality which obtains by the capacity of the bearer to scatter or reflect radiation.
PATOC:GVG
A reflective quality restricted to a particular wavelength.
albedo
A reflective quality restricted to a particular wavelength.
PATOC:cjm
An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light.
optical quality
An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light.
PATOC:GVG
A temperature which is relatively high.
high temperature
hot
increased temperature
A process quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude of the temporal extent between the starting and ending point.
period
time
duration
A process quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude of the temporal extent between the starting and ending point.
PATOC:mellybelly
A 2-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's two dimensional extent.
area
A 2-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's two dimensional extent.
Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area
A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lack of distinct morphology.
amorphous
A length quality which is equal to the length of any straight line segment that passes through the center of a circle and whose endpoints are on the circular boundary.
diameter
A length quality which is equal to the length of any straight line segment that passes through the center of a circle and whose endpoints are on the circular boundary.
Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diameter
A density quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of some influence exerted by the bearer's mass on a given area.
area density
A density quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of some influence exerted by the bearer's mass on a given area.
Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_density
A density quality which is equal to the mass exerting an influence on a one-dimensional object.
linear density
A density quality which is equal to the mass exerting an influence on a one-dimensional object.
Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_density
A density quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of some influence exerted by the bearer's mass on a given volume.
volumetric density
A density quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of some influence exerted by the bearer's mass on a given volume.
Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_density
A shape quality that obtains by virtue of the bearer having inward facing edges; having a surface or boundary that curves or bulges outward, as the exterior of a sphere.
convex
A shape quality that obtains by virtue of the bearer having inward facing edges; having a surface or boundary that curves or bulges outward, as the exterior of a sphere.
PATOC:GVG
A concentration quality inhering in a medium by virtue of the bearer's tendency to hydronate a specific reference base.
medium acidity
A concentration quality inhering in a medium by virtue of the bearer's tendency to hydronate a specific reference base.
chemicool:chemicool
A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer includes all its components.
wholeness
A broken quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being broken open.
burst
fractured
fragmented
ruptured
cracked
hemorrhaged
split
torn
broken
A quality that is equal to the potential energy per unit charge associated with a static (time-invariant) electric field, also called the electrostatic potential.
electric potential
A quality that is equal to the potential energy per unit charge associated with a static (time-invariant) electric field, also called the electrostatic potential.
Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude in respect to a related entity.
proportion
proportionality
quotient
ratio
rate
proportionality to
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude in respect to a related entity.
PATOC:nw
A position which is relatively high.
high position
increased position
A positional which is relatively low.
low position
decreased position
A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having an oblique or slanted direction.
sloped
A monadic quality of continuant inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being intricate and compounded.
complexity
A monadic quality of continuant inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being intricate and compounded.
WordNet:WordNet
A complexity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being intricate and compounded.
complex
A complexity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being intricate and compounded.
WordNet:WordNet
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable.
solidity
quality of a solid
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity consisting of particles that have neither a defined volume nor defined shape.
gaseous
quality of a gas
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity consisting of particles that have neither a defined volume nor defined shape.
Chemistry:http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryglossary/a/gasdefinition.htm
PATOC:GVG
A physical quality inhering in an entity exhibiting the physical characteristics of an amorphous (non-crystalline) form of matter between a gas and a solid that has a definite volume, but no definite shape.
liquidity
quality of a liquid
The number of parts of a particular type that the bearer entity has. This is a relational quality, and thus holds between two entities: the bearer of the quality, and the type of parts.
extra or missing physical or functional parts
has or lacks parts of type
mereological quality
number of
cardinality
number
has number of
The number of parts of a particular type that the bearer entity has. This is a relational quality, and thus holds between two entities: the bearer of the quality, and the type of parts.
PATOC:CJM
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's motion characteristic.
flow rate
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's motion characteristic.
WordNet:WordNet
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to transmit of an entity through a medium.
conductivity
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to transmit of an entity through a medium.
PATOC:GVG
A surface shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a degree of bending.
curvature
A 1-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's downward or backward or inward dimenision.
depth
A 1-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's downward or backward or inward dimenision.
WordNet:WordNet
A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of osmoles of solute per liter of solution.
osmolarity
A osmolarity which is relatively high.
high osmolarity
increased osmolarity
A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's vertical distance of a point above or below a reference surface.
elevation
A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's vertical distance of a point above or below a reference surface.
Trailillustrated:Trailillustrated
An elevation which is relatively high.
high elevation
elevated
increased elevation
An elevation which is relatively low.
low elevation
decreased elevation
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting complete growth, differentiation, or development.
mature
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting complete growth, differentiation, or development.
Merriam-Webster:Merriam-Webster
A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in one dimension.
1-D size
1-D extent
A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in one dimension.
PATOC:GVG
A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in two dimensions.
2-D size
2-D extent
A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in two dimensions.
PATOC:GVG
A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in three dimensions.
3D size
3-D extent
A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in three dimensions.
PATOC:GVG
An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to lose an entitity by natural process.
shedability
A quality inhering in a plant by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being between evergeen and deciduous.
semi-deciduous(plant)
A quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer interacts with radiation.
radiation quality
A quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer interacts with radiation.
PATOC:GVG
A conductivity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to convey electricity.
electrical conductivity
A conductivity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to convey electricity.
Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conduction
A composition quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing granules.
granular
A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being confined or restricted to multiple locations.
multi-focal
multi-localised
A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being confined or restricted to multiple locations.
PATOC:GVG
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer's being covered by a liquid.
wetness
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer's being covered by a liquid.
wordreference.com:wordreference.com
A wetness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being covered by a liquid.
wet
A wetness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being covered by a liquid.
PATOC:GVG
A wetness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being covered by a liquid.
dry
A wetness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being covered by a liquid.
PATOC:GVG
A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing acid (hydrogen ions).
pH
acidity
A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing acid (hydrogen ions).
biology-online:biology-online
A shape quality in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's curving inward.
concave
A shape quality in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's curving inward.
WordNet:WordNet
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's participation in movement.
movement quality
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's participation in movement.
PATOC:GVG
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being kept below its freezing point.
frozen
A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism.
organismal quality
A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism.
PATOC:CJM
Surface shape that refers to the inward or outward curvature of the surface.
concavity
Surface shape that refers to the inward or outward curvature of the surface.
PATOC:MAH
branchiness
physical quality of a process
A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's layered configuration.
stratification
A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a layered configuration.
stratified
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's processing the form of a thin plate sheet or layer.
laminar
sloped downward
A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being free of curves, bends, or angles.
straight
A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being free of curves, bends, or angles.
merriam-webster:merriam-webster
A quality which inheres in a molecular entity, a single molecule, atom, ion, radical etc.
relational molecular quality
molecular quality
A quality which inheres in a molecular entity, a single molecule, atom, ion, radical etc.
PATOC:GVG
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution.
quality of a substance
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution.
PATOC:GVG
A behavioral quality inhering ina bearer by virtue of the bearer's unequal distribution of fine motor skill between its left and right hands or feet.
handedness
Handedness where the organism preferentially uses the left hand or foot for tasks requiring the use of a single hand or foot or a dominant hand or foot.
left handedness
Handedness where the organism preferentially uses the right hand or foot for tasks requiring the use of a single hand or foot or a dominant hand or foot.
right handedness
Handedness where the organism exhibits no overall dominance in the use of right or left hand or foot in the performance of tasks that require one hand or foot or a dominant hand or foot.
ambidextrous handedness
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's surface becoming more extended in a plane.
compressed
flattened
A quality that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average.
increased quality
A quality that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average.
decreased quality
A quality of an object that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average.
decreased object quality
A quality of an object that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average.
increased object quality
An orientation inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's placement at an angle.
angle
An orientation inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's placement at an angle.
PATOC:GVG
A quality inhering in air by virtue of the partial pressure exerted by the bearer's water vapour content.
humidity
A quality inhering in air by virtue of the partial pressure exerted by the bearer's water vapour content.
https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/90
A material entity that consists of two or more organisms, viruses, or viroids.
collection of organisms
A collection of organisms of at least two different species, living in a particular area.
ecological community
A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism.
genet (broad)
ramet (broad)
planta entera (Spanish, exact)
植物体全体 (Japanese, exact)
bush (narrow)
frutex (narrow)
frutices (narrow)
gametophyte (narrow)
herb (narrow)
liana (narrow)
prothalli (narrow)
prothallium (narrow)
prothallus (narrow)
seedling (narrow)
shrub (narrow)
sporophyte (narrow)
suffrutex (narrow)
suffrutices (narrow)
tree (narrow)
vine (narrow)
woody clump (narrow)
clonal colony (related)
colony (related)
whole plant
cjm
A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism.
POC:curators
planta entera (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
植物体全体 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
frutex (narrow)
FNA:e4dde193-57f7-4ab9-9d25-96b4ca0088ba
frutices (narrow)
FNA:ec8c2064-2a67-43d7-8e14-aecfef5cf33b
prothalli (narrow)
FNA:4b610104-1bb0-4c6b-9bb9-e3cc61d11ac0
prothallus (narrow)
FNA:f8f31520-e4bc-4430-9274-8dd3cee7ffd8
suffrutex (narrow)
FNA:99508f62-7116-4e2b-90c0-19ff55ebd967
suffrutices (narrow)
FNA:ba1b1bd5-75bd-4195-b11c-3aba08da08c2
woody clump (narrow)
FNA:c1ccca7d-2a98-4a9d-8603-c34b551935e0
A floral structure primordium (PO:0025477) that is committed to the development of an ovule (PO:0020003).
portion of ovule primordium tissue (exact)
primordio de óvulo (Spanish, exact)
胚珠原基(可視的) (Japanese, exact)
ovule primordium
A floral structure primordium (PO:0025477) that is committed to the development of an ovule (PO:0020003).
ISBN:0471245208
POC:curators
primordio de óvulo (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
胚珠原基(可視的) (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A floral structure primordium (PO:0025477) that is committed to the development of a gynoecium (PO:0009062).
pistil primordium (exact)
portion of gynoecium primordium tissue (exact)
primordio de gineceo (Spanish, exact)
雌蕊原基(可視的) (Japanese, exact)
gynoecium primordium
A floral structure primordium (PO:0025477) that is committed to the development of a gynoecium (PO:0009062).
POC:curators
primordio de gineceo (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
雌蕊原基(可視的) (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is the most distal part of a shoot system (PO:0009006) and has as parts a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and the youngest primordia (PO:0025127).
ápice del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact)
shoot apex
A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is the most distal part of a shoot system (PO:0009006) and has as parts a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and the youngest primordia (PO:0025127).
POC:curators
ápice del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
An undeveloped shoot system (PO:0009006).
yema (Spanish, exact)
芽 (Japanese, exact)
adventitious bud (narrow)
bud
An undeveloped shoot system (PO:0009006).
POC:curators
yema (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
芽 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
adventitious bud (narrow)
FNA:0eed275a-5dae-414a-bf36-81a08e6c6ba9
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) which is the organogenic region of the meristem, characterized by higher rates of cell division.
zona periférica (Spanish, exact)
周辺帯 (Japanese, exact)
peripheral meristem (related)
peripheral zone
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) which is the organogenic region of the meristem, characterized by higher rates of cell division.
ISBN:0521288959
TAIR_curator:Leonore_Reiser
zona periférica (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
周辺帯 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A portion of reproductive shoot apical meristem tissue (PO:0008028) that gives rise to the floral organs (PO:0025395).
floral meristem (exact)
mersitema floral (Spanish, exact)
花芽分裂組織 (Japanese, exact)
Poaceae floret meristem (narrow)
ear floret meristem (narrow)
floret meristem (narrow)
tassel floret meristem (narrow)
floral apical meristem (related)
flower meristem
A portion of reproductive shoot apical meristem tissue (PO:0008028) that gives rise to the floral organs (PO:0025395).
Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal
POC:curators
mersitema floral (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
花芽分裂組織 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) synthesizing protoplasm and producing new cells by division and with only a primary cell wall.
célula meristemática (Spanish, exact)
stem cell (exact)
分裂組織細胞 (Japanese, exact)
meristematic cell
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) synthesizing protoplasm and producing new cells by division and with only a primary cell wall.
ISBN:0471245208
POC:Laurel_Cooper
célula meristemática (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
分裂組織細胞 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A shoot system that is initiated from a shoot.
sucker (broad)
turion (broad)
sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) que nace en el epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
シュート由来苗条系 (Japanese, exact)
branch (related)
shoot-borne shoot system
A shoot system that is initiated from a shoot.
POC:curators
turion (broad)
FNA:da7c2bd5-34b4-42aa-a036-7b5f71f66d36
sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) que nace en el epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
シュート由来苗条系 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A bud (PO:0000055) that develops from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232).
yema axilar (Spanish, exact)
腋芽 (Japanese, exact)
axillary bud
A bud (PO:0000055) that develops from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232).
POC:curators
yema axilar (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
腋芽 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
An axillary shoot system (PO:0006343) that is part of a stem base (PO:0008039).
epiblasto (epiblastema) axilar basal (Spanish, exact)
基底腋枝系 (Japanese, exact) (exact)
tiller (narrow)
basal axillary branch (related)
ratoon (related)
basal axillary shoot system
An axillary shoot system (PO:0006343) that is part of a stem base (PO:0008039).
Gramene:Anuradha_Pujar
POC:Laurel_Cooper
epiblasto (epiblastema) axilar basal (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
基底腋枝系 (Japanese, exact) (exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A lateral plant organ (PO:0009008) produced by a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148).
filoma (Spanish, exact)
フィロム、葉(的)器官 (Japanese, exact)
phyllome
A lateral plant organ (PO:0009008) produced by a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148).
POC:curators
filoma (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
フィロム、葉(的)器官 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006).
meristema del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
シュート分裂組織 (Japanese, exact)
shoot system meristem
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006).
Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal
POC:Laurel_Cooper
meristema del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
シュート分裂組織 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is the outer layer of an apical meristem (PO:0020144), or the outer layer of a plant embryo proper (PO:0000001), and gives rise to a portion of epidermis (PO:0005679).
portion of protoderm tissue (exact)
protodermis (Spanish, exact)
前表皮、原表皮 (Japanese, exact)
dermatogen cell (related)
protoderm
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is the outer layer of an apical meristem (PO:0020144), or the outer layer of a plant embryo proper (PO:0000001), and gives rise to a portion of epidermis (PO:0005679).
ISBN:0471245208
POC:Laurel_Cooper
protodermis (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
前表皮、原表皮 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A shoot-borne shoot system (PO:0004545) that develops from an axillary bud (PO:0004709).
sistema axilar del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
腋苗条系 (Japanese, exact)
Musa sucker (narrow)
axillary branch (related)
axillary shoot system
A shoot-borne shoot system (PO:0004545) that develops from an axillary bud (PO:0004709).
POC:curators
sistema axilar del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
腋苗条系 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
Musa sucker (narrow)
CO_125:0000042
A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003).
Solanaceae whole plant growth stages (SGN:0000001) (related)
cereal plant growth stage ontology (GRO:0007199) (related)
maize growth stage (GRO:0007002) (related)
plant growth stages in Arabidopsis (TAIR:0000021) (related)
rice growth stage (GRO:0007040) (related)
sorghum growth stage (GRO:0007124) (related)
wheat, barley and oat growth stage (GRO:0007156) (related)
whole plant development stage
A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003).
POC:curators
A shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) that gives rise to the apical growth of reproductive tissues and organs.
meristema apical reproductivo del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
生殖シュート頂端 分裂組織 (Japanese, exact)
reproductive shoot apical meristem
A shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) that gives rise to the apical growth of reproductive tissues and organs.
Gramene:Chih-Wei_Tung
meristema apical reproductivo del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
生殖シュート頂端 分裂組織 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that develops from a gynoecium (PO:0009062), or a single carpel (PO:0009030), and at maturity may have as parts one or more seeds (PO:0009010).
aggregate fruit (broad)
compound fruit (broad)
dehiscent fruit (broad)
diaspore (broad)
indehiscent fruit (broad)
multiple fruit (broad)
propagule (broad)
frucht (exact, German)
fruto (exact, Spanish)
果実 (exact, Japanese)
coenocarp (narrow)
syncarp (narrow)
fruit
A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that develops from a gynoecium (PO:0009062), or a single carpel (PO:0009030), and at maturity may have as parts one or more seeds (PO:0009010).
NYBG:Brandon_Sinn
NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere
POC:Laurel_Cooper
POC:curators
frucht (exact, German)
NYBG:Brandon_Sinn
NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere
fruto (exact, Spanish)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
果実 (exact, Japanese)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
coenocarp (narrow)
FNA:c13b1312-1cc5-4ace-98e2-fde12aec09da
syncarp (narrow)
FNA:67fa41ae-b735-4d89-b5db-7631b873ef7a
A cell which is a plant structure (PO:0009011).
cell (broad)
célula vegetal (Spanish, exact)
植物細胞 (Japanese, exact)
plant cell
A cell which is a plant structure (PO:0009011).
GO:0005623
POC:curators
célula vegetal (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
植物細胞 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces shoot-borne portions of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) and the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them.
sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
シュート系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact)
tree crown (narrow)
Poaceae crown (related)
shoot (related)
thalli (related)
thallus (related)
shoot system
A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces shoot-borne portions of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) and the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them.
POC:Laurel_Cooper
POC:curators
sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
シュート系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
thalli (related)
FNA:d1431b5c-7b86-46a0-8d3c-bd426fe12c85
thallus (related)
FNA:02756ad4-a09c-48d7-8754-903254e557a9
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that consists predominantly of similarly specialized plant cells (PO:0009002) of one or more types.
portion of tissue (broad)
tissue (broad)
porción de un tejido vegetal (Spanish, exact)
植物組織の一部 (Japanese, exact)
plant tissue (related)
portion of plant tissue
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that consists predominantly of similarly specialized plant cells (PO:0009002) of one or more types.
POC:curators
TAIR_curator:Leonore_Reiser
porción de un tejido vegetal (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
植物組織の一部 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that is a functional unit, is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types that derive from a common developmental path.
organ (broad)
órgano vegetal (Spanish, exact)
植物 器官 (Japanese, exact)
compound plant organ (related)
simple plant organ (related)
plant organ
A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that is a functional unit, is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types that derive from a common developmental path.
POC:curators
órgano vegetal (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
植物 器官 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
simple plant organ (related)
PATO:01503
A whole plant (PO:0000003) that participates in the plant embryo stage (PO:0007631).
embryo (broad)
embrión (Spanish, exact)
植物胚 (Japanese, exact)
germ (related)
plant embryo
A whole plant (PO:0000003) that participates in the plant embryo stage (PO:0007631).
POC:curators
embrión (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
植物胚 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that develops from a plant ovule (PO:0020003) and has as parts a plant embryo (PO:0009009) enclosed in a seed coat (PO:0009088).
diaspore (broad)
semilla (Spanish, exact)
種子 (Japanese, exact)
pyrene (narrow)
seed
A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that develops from a plant ovule (PO:0020003) and has as parts a plant embryo (PO:0009009) enclosed in a seed coat (PO:0009088).
POC:curators
semilla (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
種子 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
pyrene (narrow)
FNA:f5c50e73-61e3-48ec-b918-6f85b3f40738
An anatomical structure that is or was part of a plant, or was derived from a part of a plant.
estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact)
植物 構造 (Japanese, exact)
plant structure
An anatomical structure that is or was part of a plant, or was derived from a part of a plant.
CARO:0000003
POC:curators
estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
植物 構造 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A stage in the life of a plant structure (PO:0009011) during which the plant structure undergoes developmental processes.
etapa de desarrollo de estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact)
plant growth and development stage (exact)
Arabidopsis growth (related)
plant structure development stage
A stage in the life of a plant structure (PO:0009011) during which the plant structure undergoes developmental processes.
POC:curators
etapa de desarrollo de estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
Arabidopsis growth (related)
TAIR:0000205
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) in which plant cells (PO:0009002) have retained their embryonic characteristics, or have reverted to them secondarily, and that divide to produce new cells that can undergo differentiation to form mature tissues, i.e. they have a capacity for morphogenesis and growth.
meristem (exact)
meristema (Spanish, exact)
meristematic tissue (exact)
分裂組織 (Japanese, exact)
portion of meristem tissue
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) in which plant cells (PO:0009002) have retained their embryonic characteristics, or have reverted to them secondarily, and that divide to produce new cells that can undergo differentiation to form mature tissues, i.e. they have a capacity for morphogenesis and growth.
APweb:Glossary
Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal
meristema (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
分裂組織 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A determinate reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082) that has as part at least one carpel (PO:0009030) or at least one stamen (PO:0009029) and does not contain any other determinate shoot system (PO:0009006) as a part.
flor (Spanish, exact)
花 (Japanese, exact)
Asteraceae floret (narrow)
basal flower (narrow)
double flower (narrow)
hermaphrodite flower (narrow)
monoclinous flower (narrow)
perfect flower (narrow)
floret (related)
flower
A determinate reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082) that has as part at least one carpel (PO:0009030) or at least one stamen (PO:0009029) and does not contain any other determinate shoot system (PO:0009006) as a part.
POC:curators
flor (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
花 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
basal flower (narrow)
CO_125:0000019
hermaphrodite flower (narrow)
CO_125:0000028
A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is the primary axis of a plant.
caña (Spanish, exact)
culm (exact)
eje primario (Spanish, exact)
primary axis (exact)
primary stem (exact)
tallo (Spanish, exact)
tronco (Spanish, exact)
茎 (Japanese, exact)
bole (narrow)
cane (narrow)
caudex (narrow)
caudices (narrow)
core (narrow)
primocane (narrow)
scape (narrow)
stalk (narrow)
trunk (narrow)
stem
A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is the primary axis of a plant.
POC:curators
caña (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
eje primario (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
primary stem (exact)
FNA:e3b142f6-37cf-4c1f-be07-b64a90feb131
tallo (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
tronco (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
茎 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
bole (narrow)
FNA:a5ba9e16-e0af-4430-a3a0-7aeb052fbffd
caudex (narrow)
FNA:cea24c10-d5ff-435f-aa40-db77dcbd27f0
caudices (narrow)
FNA:3c0e37e8-e363-4962-847e-5f9f2906d0f8
primocane (narrow)
FNA:58fb080c-dd6b-4172-b564-737091c72980
scape (narrow)
FNA:201dbd71-51cd-4138-8f61-3c3fdd55d02d
A collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023) composed all of the carpels (PO:0009030) in a flower (PO:0009046).
pistil (broad)
ginoecio (Spanish, exact)
gynaecium (exact)
gynoecia (exact, plural)
雌蕊群 (Japanese, exact)
Poaceae gynoecium (narrow)
Zea gynoecium (narrow)
apocarpous gynoecium (narrow)
gynoecium of ear floret (narrow)
gynoecium of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (narrow)
gynoecium of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (narrow)
gynoecium of lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear (narrow)
gynoecium of lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (narrow)
gynoecium of tassel floret (narrow)
gynoecium of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (narrow)
gynoecium of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (narrow)
gynoecium of upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (narrow)
gynoecium of upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (narrow)
syncarpous gynoecium (narrow)
gynoecium
A collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023) composed all of the carpels (PO:0009030) in a flower (PO:0009046).
POC:curators
ginoecio (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
gynaecium (exact)
FNA:03f034c5-6bd6-4846-8ef7-c5190d09008c
gynoecia (exact, plural)
FNA:226a743c-7988-4b66-b163-2ce80d7c8a70
雌蕊群 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A plant organ (PO:0009008) that has as parts a nucellus (PO:0020020) in which a female gametophyte (PO:0025279) is located, one or two integuments (PO:0020021), and a funicle (PO:0020006).
óvulo vegetal (Spanish, exact)
胚珠 (Japanese, exact)
Poaceae ovule (narrow)
Zea ovule (narrow)
plant ovule
A plant organ (PO:0009008) that has as parts a nucellus (PO:0020020) in which a female gametophyte (PO:0025279) is located, one or two integuments (PO:0020021), and a funicle (PO:0020006).
POC:curators
óvulo vegetal (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
胚珠 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A maximal portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) located at a shoot apex (PO:0000037) or root tip (PO:0000025).
promeristem (broad)
AM (exact)
meristema apical (Spanish, exact)
頂端分裂組織 (Japanese, exact)
primary meristem (related)
apical meristem
A maximal portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) located at a shoot apex (PO:0000037) or root tip (PO:0000025).
Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal
POC:Laurel_Cooper
POC:curators
meristema apical (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
頂端分裂組織 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A shoot system meristem (PO:0006079) formed at the apex of the shoot axis (PO:0025029), including those originating from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232).
promeristem (broad)
SAM (exact)
meristema apical del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
茎頂分裂組織 (Japanese, exact)
primary shoot meristem (related)
shoot apical meristem
A shoot system meristem (PO:0006079) formed at the apex of the shoot axis (PO:0025029), including those originating from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232).
POC:Laurel_Cooper
UMSL_curator:fz
meristema apical del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
茎頂分裂組織 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
An axial plant organ (PO:0009008).
eje de la planta (Spanish, exact)
plant axes (exact, plural)
植物軸(軸柱) (Japanese, exact)
plant axis
An axial plant organ (PO:0009008).
POC:curators
eje de la planta (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
plant axes (exact, plural)
FNA:2355281f-ab10-4ae2-a3d8-672cace068a8
植物軸(軸柱) (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A collective plant structure (PO:0025497) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and is composed of two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) and the associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007).
estructura vegetal colectiva de órgano (Spanish, exact)
集合植物器官構造 (Japanese, exact)
collective plant organ structure
A collective plant structure (PO:0025497) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and is composed of two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) and the associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007).
POC:curators
estructura vegetal colectiva de órgano (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
集合植物器官構造 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that consists of two or more phyllomes (PO:0006001) originating from the same node or from one or more adjacent nodes with compressed shoot internodes (PO:0005005).
cycle (broad)
verticil (broad)
estructura colectiva del filoma (Spanish, exact)
葉的器官が集まった構造 (Japanese, exact)
floral whorl (narrow)
whorl (narrow)
phyllome whorl (related)
collective phyllome structure
A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that consists of two or more phyllomes (PO:0006001) originating from the same node or from one or more adjacent nodes with compressed shoot internodes (PO:0005005).
POC:curators
cycle (broad)
FNA:d42df0a9-60f4-4c24-9c0b-ba815272f2fe
verticil (broad)
FNA:12607624-3d2a-4113-bd86-0e2557f2f473
estructura colectiva del filoma (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
葉的器官が集まった構造 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
floral whorl (narrow)
GO:0048438
GO:0048457
GO:0048458
GO:0048459
A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces root meristems (PO:0006085), the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them and the parts thereof.
root (broad)
sistema de raíz (Spanish, exact)
根系 (Japanese, exact)
root system
A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces root meristems (PO:0006085), the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them and the parts thereof.
POC:Laurel_Cooper
POC:curators
root (broad)
FNA:b7ce680b-c6ed-4d2e-81e6-66970f7deff9
sistema de raíz (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
根系 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009).
embryo cell (broad)
embryonic cell (broad)
célula embriónica vegetal (Spanish, exact)
embryonic plant cell (exact)
胚性植物細胞 (Japanese, exact)
embryo plant cell
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009).
POC:Laurel_Cooper
POC:curators
célula embriónica vegetal (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
胚性植物細胞 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A plant axis (PO:0025004) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006).
caullome (exact)
eje del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
シュート軸 (Japanese, exact)
shoot (related)
shoot axis
A plant axis (PO:0025004) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006).
POC:curators
eje del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
シュート軸 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A phyllome (PO:0006001) that is not associated with a reproductive structure.
hoja (Spanish, exact)
葉 (Japanese, exact)
leaf
A phyllome (PO:0006001) that is not associated with a reproductive structure.
POC:curators
hoja (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
葉 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A shoot system (PO:0009006) in the sporophytic phase that has as part at least one sporangium (PO:0025094).
sistema de brote reproductivo (Spanish, exact)
生殖シュート 系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact)
reproductive shoot system
A shoot system (PO:0009006) in the sporophytic phase that has as part at least one sporangium (PO:0025094).
POC:curators
sistema de brote reproductivo (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
生殖シュート 系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is part of an plant embryo (PO:0009009).
embryonic plant structure (exact)
estructura vegetal embriónica (Spanish, exact)
胚性植物構造 (Japanese, exact)
embryo plant structure
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is part of an plant embryo (PO:0009009).
POC:curators
estructura vegetal embriónica (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
胚性植物構造 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that has as parts protoderm (PO:0006210) and sub-epidermal meristematic tissue and is committed to the development of a particular plant structure (PO:0009011).
portion of primordial tissue (exact)
portion of primordium tissue (exact)
primordia (exact, plural)
primordio (Spanish, exact)
原基(可視的) (Japanese, exact)
primordium
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that has as parts protoderm (PO:0006210) and sub-epidermal meristematic tissue and is committed to the development of a particular plant structure (PO:0009011).
POC:curators
primordio (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
原基(可視的) (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) and is part of a shoot apex (PO:0000037) and is committed to the development of a phyllome (PO:0006001).
phyllome primordia (exact, plural)
portion of phyllome primordium tissue (exact)
primordio del filoma (Spanish, exact)
フィロム原基(可視的) (Japanese, exact)
phyllome primordium
A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) and is part of a shoot apex (PO:0000037) and is committed to the development of a phyllome (PO:0006001).
PMID:11572953
POC:curators
primordio del filoma (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
フィロム原基(可視的) (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant.
entidad anatómica vegetal (Spanish, exact)
植物 解剖学(形態)的実体 (Japanese, exact)
plant anatomical entity
An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant.
CARO:0000000
POC:curators
entidad anatómica vegetal (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
植物 解剖学(形態)的実体 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A shoot apex that has as part a reproductive shoot apical meristem.
ápice reproductivo del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
生殖シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact)
reproductive shoot apex
A shoot apex that has as part a reproductive shoot apical meristem.
POC:Ramona_Walls
ápice reproductivo del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
生殖シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009).
portion of embryo tissue (broad)
portion of embryonic plant tissue (exact)
tejido embriónico vegetal (Spanish, exact)
植物胚性組織 の一部 (Japanese, exact)
portion of embryo plant tissue
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009).
POC:curators
tejido embriónico vegetal (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
植物胚性組織 の一部 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A maximal whole plant development stage.
vida de la planta entera (Spanish, exact)
植物体の一生 (Japanese, exact)
life of whole plant stage
A maximal whole plant development stage.
POC:curators
vida de la planta entera (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
植物体の一生 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a collective plant structure (PO:0025497).
etapa de desarrollo de una estructura colectiva de la planta (Spanish, exact)
集合的植物構造の発生過程 (Japanese, exact)
collective plant organ structure development stage
A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a collective plant structure (PO:0025497).
POC:curators
etapa de desarrollo de una estructura colectiva de la planta (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
集合的植物構造の発生過程 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A plant organ (PO:0009008) that is part of a flower (PO:0009046).
órgano floral (Spanish, exact)
flower organ (exact)
花器官 (Japanese, exact)
floral organ
A plant organ (PO:0009008) that is part of a flower (PO:0009046).
POC:curators
órgano floral (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
花器官 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a peripheral zone (PO:0000225) of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and will give rise to a phyllome primordium (PO:0025128).
phyllome meristem (broad)
フィロム原基 (Japanese, exact)
phyllome anlagen
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a peripheral zone (PO:0000225) of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and will give rise to a phyllome primordium (PO:0025128).
POC:Laurel_Cooper
POC:curators
フィロム原基 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A primordium (PO:0025127) that is committed to the development of a floral organ (PO:0025395) and is part of a reproductive shoot apex (PO:0025222).
floral structure primordia (exact, plural)
portion of floral structure primordium tissue (exact)
primordio de organo floral (Spanish, exact)
花器官原基 (Japanese, exact)
floral organ primordium
A primordium (PO:0025127) that is committed to the development of a floral organ (PO:0025395) and is part of a reproductive shoot apex (PO:0025222).
POC:curators
primordio de organo floral (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
花器官原基 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that has as parts two or more portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single structural unit demarcated by primarily bona-fide boundaries from other structural units of different types.
estructura vegetal con múltiples tejidos (Spanish, exact)
複数の組織からなる植物構造 (Japanese, exact)
multi-tissue plant structure
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that has as parts two or more portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single structural unit demarcated by primarily bona-fide boundaries from other structural units of different types.
CARO:0000055
POC:curators
estructura vegetal con múltiples tejidos (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
複数の組織からなる植物構造 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003) and includes two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) or adjacent cardinal organ parts (PO:0025001), along with any associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007).
estructura vegetal colectiva (Spanish, exact)
集合的植物構造 (Japanese, exact)
collective plant structure
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003) and includes two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) or adjacent cardinal organ parts (PO:0025001), along with any associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007).
POC:curators
estructura vegetal colectiva (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
集合的植物構造 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
A collective plant organ structure development stage (PO:0025338) that begins with the onset of the plant organ development stage (PO:0025339) and ends with either gametophyte senescent stage (PO:0025343) or sporophyte senescent stage (PO:0007017) or death.
shoot system development stage
A collective plant organ structure development stage (PO:0025338) that begins with the onset of the plant organ development stage (PO:0025339) and ends with either gametophyte senescent stage (PO:0025343) or sporophyte senescent stage (PO:0007017) or death.
POC:Laurel_Cooper
A shoot system development stage (PO:0025527) that has as primary participant a bud (PO:0009006).
bud development stage
A shoot system development stage (PO:0025527) that has as primary participant a bud (PO:0009006).
POC:Laurel_Cooper
A shoot system development stage (PO:0025527) that has as primary participant a reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082).
reproductive shoot system development stage
A shoot system development stage (PO:0025527) that has as primary participant a reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082).
POC:Laurel_Cooper
A plant cell (PO:0009002) that is either part of a multicellular whole plant (PO:0000003) 'in vivo' or a unicellular organism 'in natura' (i.e. part of a natural environment).
native plant cell
A plant cell (PO:0009002) that is either part of a multicellular whole plant (PO:0000003) 'in vivo' or a unicellular organism 'in natura' (i.e. part of a natural environment).
POC:Laurel_Cooper
A whole plant development stage (PO:0007033) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003) during the interval between fertilization (or apogamy) and death.
fase esporofítica (Spanish, exact)
sporophytic development stage (exact)
sporophytic phase (exact)
sporphyte phase (exact)
胞子体発生過程 (Japanese, exact)
sporophyte development stage
A whole plant development stage (PO:0007033) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003) during the interval between fertilization (or apogamy) and death.
POC:curators
fase esporofítica (Spanish, exact)
POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo
胞子体発生過程 (Japanese, exact)
NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki
An exposure event in which a human is exposed to particulate matter in the air. Here the exposure stimulus/stress is the particulate matter, the receptor is the airways and lungs of the human,
An exposure event in which a plant is provided with fertilizer. The exposure receptor is the root system of the plant, the stimulus is the fertilizing chemical, the route is via the soil, possibly mediated by symbotic microbes.
A process occurring within or in the vicinity of an organism that exerts some causal influence on the organism via the interaction between an exposure stimulus and an exposure receptor. The exposure stimulus may be a process, material entity or condition (for example, lack of nutrients). The exposure receptor can be an organism, organism population or a part of an organism.
This class is intended as a grouping for various domain and species-specific exposure classes. The ExO class http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ExO_0000002 'exposure event' assumes that all exposures involve stressors, which limits the applicability of this class to 'positive' exposures, e.g. exposing a plant to beneficial growing conditions.
Chris Mungall
cjm
2017-06-05T17:55:39Z
exposure event or process
https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/pull/173
Any entity that is ordered in discrete units along a linear axis.
Chris Mungall
sequentially ordered entity
Any individual unit of a collection of like units arranged in a linear order
Chris Mungall
An individual unit can be a molecular entity such as a base pair, or an abstract entity, such as the abstraction of a base pair.
sequence atomic unit
Any entity that can be divided into parts such that each part is an atomical unit of a sequence
Chris Mungall
Sequence bearers can be molecular entities, such as a portion of a DNA molecule, or they can be abstract entities, such as an entity representing all human sonic hedgehog regions of the genome with a particular DNA sequence.
sequence bearer
A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated.
May be replaced by a BFO class, as discussed in http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43
Chris Mungall
http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43
system
Anatomical entity that has mass.
material anatomical entity
Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.
anatomical entity
A unit of measurement is a standardized quantity of a physical quality.
unit
A unit of measurement is a standardized quantity of a physical quality.
Wikipedia:Wikipedia
A unit which is a standard measure of the distance between two points.
length unit
A unit which is a standard measure of the distance between two points.
Wikipedia:Wikipedia
A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of matter/energy of a physical object.
mass unit
A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of matter/energy of a physical object.
Wikipedia:Wikipedia
A unit which is a standard measure of the dimension in which events occur in sequence.
time derived unit
time unit
A unit which is a standard measure of the dimension in which events occur in sequence.
Wikipedia:Wikipedia
A unit which is a standard measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter.
temperature derived unit
temperature unit
A unit which is a standard measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter.
Wikipedia:Wikipedia
A unit which is a standardised quantity of an element or compound with uniform composition.
substance unit
A unit which is one of a particular measure to which all measures of that type can be related.
base unit
A unit which is one of a particular measure to which all measures of that type can be related.
NIST:NIST
A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of a 2-dimensional flat surface.
area unit
A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of a 2-dimensional flat surface.
UOC:GVG
A unit which represents a standard measurement of how much of a given substance there is mixed with another substance.
concentration unit
A unit which represents a standard measurement of how much of a given substance there is mixed with another substance.
UOC:GVG
A density unit which is a standard measure of the mass of a substance in a given volume.
mass per unit volume
mass density unit
A density unit which is a standard measure of the mass of a substance in a given volume.
UOC:GVG
A density unit which is a standard measure of the mass exerting an influence on a given area.
mass per unit area unit
area density unit
A density unit which is a standard measure of the mass exerting an influence on a given area.
Wikipedia:Wikipedia
A unit which is a standard measure of the number of rotations in a given time.
rotational frequency unit
A unit which is a standard measure of the number of rotations in a given time.
NIST:NIST
A unit which is a standard measure of the volume of a given mass of substance (the reciprocal of density).
specific volume unit
A unit which is a standard measure of the volume of a given mass of substance (the reciprocal of density).
Wikipedia:Wikipedia
A unit which is a standard measure of the rate of movement. Speed is measured in the same physical units of measurement as velocity, but does not contain the element of direction that velocity has. Speed is thus the magnitude component of velocity.
speed/velocity unit
A unit which is a standard measure of the rate of movement. Speed is measured in the same physical units of measurement as velocity, but does not contain the element of direction that velocity has. Speed is thus the magnitude component of velocity.
Wikipedia:Wikipedia
An area unit which is equal to an area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 meter long.
m^[2]
square metre
square meter
An area unit which is equal to an area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 meter long.
NIST:NIST
An area unit which is equal to one ten thousandth of a square meter or 10^[-4] m^[2].
cm^[2]
square centimetre
square centimeter
An area unit which is equal to one ten thousandth of a square meter or 10^[-4] m^[2].
NIST:NIST
A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in kilograms divided by the volume in cubic meters.
kg/m^[3]
kilogram per cubic metre
kilogram per cubic meter
A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in kilograms divided by the volume in cubic meters.
UOC:GVG
An area density unit which is equal to the mass of an object in kilograms divided by the surface area in meters squared.
Body Mass Index (BMI)
kg/m^[2]
kilogram per square metre
kilogram per square meter
An area density unit which is equal to the mass of an object in kilograms divided by the surface area in meters squared.
NIST:NIST
A rotational frequency unit which is equal to the number complete turn in a period of time that equals to 1 second.
1/s
one turn per second
turns per second
A rotational frequency unit which is equal to the number complete turn in a period of time that equals to 1 second.
NIST:NIST
A speed/velocity unit which is equal to the speed of an object traveling 1 meter distance in one second.
m/s
metre per second
meter per second
A speed/velocity unit which is equal to the speed of an object traveling 1 meter distance in one second.
NIST:NIST
A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of space occupied by any substance, whether solid, liquid, or gas.
volume unit
A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of space occupied by any substance, whether solid, liquid, or gas.
NIST:NIST
A unit which is a standard measure of the number of repetitive actions in a particular time.
frequency unit
A unit which is a standard measure of the number of repetitive actions in a particular time.
NIST:NIST
A unit which is a standard measure of the work done by a certain force (gravitational, electric, magnetic, force of inertia, etc).
energy unit
A unit which is a standard measure of the work done by a certain force (gravitational, electric, magnetic, force of inertia, etc).
NIST:NIST
A unit which is a standard measure of the figure or space formed by the junction of two lines or planes.
angle unit
A unit which is a standard measure of the figure or space formed by the junction of two lines or planes.
Wikipedia:Wikipedia
A unit which is a standard measure of the angle formed by two straight lines in the same plane.
plane angle unit
A unit which is a standard measure of the angle formed by two straight lines in the same plane.
Wikipedia:Wikipedia
A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in kilograms divided by the volume in liters.
kg/L
kilogram per litre
kilogram per liter
A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in kilograms divided by the volume in liters.
UOC:GVG
A unit which is a standard measure of the influence exerted by some mass.
density unit
A unit which is a standard measure of the influence exerted by some mass.
Wikipedia:Wikipedia
A density unit which is a standard measure of the mass exerting an influence on a one-dimensional object.
linear density unit
A density unit which is a standard measure of the mass exerting an influence on a one-dimensional object.
Wikipedia:Wikipedia
An area density unit which is equal to the mass of an object in kilograms divided by one meter.
kg/m
kilogram per metre
kilogram per meter
An area density unit which is equal to the mass of an object in kilograms divided by one meter.
NIST:NIST
A plane angle unit which is equal to 1/360 of a full rotation or 1.7453310^[-2] rad.
degree
A plane angle unit which is equal to 1/360 of a full rotation or 1.7453310^[-2] rad.
Wikipedia:Wikipedia
A unit which is a standard measure of physical quantity consisting of only a numerical number without any units.
dimensionless unit
A unit which is a standard measure of physical quantity consisting of only a numerical number without any units.
Wikipedia:Wikipedia
A dimensionless ratio unit which denotes numbers as fractions of 100.
%
percent
A dimensionless ratio unit which denotes numbers as fractions of 100.
Wikipedia:Wikipedia
A dimensionless unit which denotes an amount or magnitude of one quantity relative to another.
ratio
A dimensionless unit which denotes an amount or magnitude of one quantity relative to another.
Wikipedia:Wikipedia
A specific volume unit which is equal to one liter volume occupied by one kilogram of a particular substance.
l/kg
litre per kilogram
liter per kilogram
A specific volume unit which is equal to one liter volume occupied by one kilogram of a particular substance.
NIST:NIST
A unit which is a standard measure of the work done per unit charge as a charge is moved between two points in an electric field.
electric potential difference unit
A unit which is a standard measure of the work done per unit charge as a charge is moved between two points in an electric field.
Wikipedia:Wikipedia
An electric potential difference unit which is equal to the work per unit charge. One volt is the potential difference required to move one coulomb of charge between two points in a circuit while using one joule of energy.
V
volt
An electric potential difference unit which is equal to the work per unit charge. One volt is the potential difference required to move one coulomb of charge between two points in a circuit while using one joule of energy.
Wikipedia:Wikipedia
An energy unit which is equal to the amount of electrical energy equivalent to a one-watt load drawing power for one hour.
Wh
watt-hour
An energy unit which is equal to the amount of electrical energy equivalent to a one-watt load drawing power for one hour.
Wikipedia:Wikipedia
An energy unit which is equal to 1,000 watt-hours.
kilowatt-hour
An energy unit which is equal to 1,000 watt-hours.
Wikipedia:Wikipedia
An electric potential difference unit which is equal to one million volts or 10^[6] V.
MV
megavolt
An electric potential difference unit which is equal to one million volts or 10^[6] V.
UOC:GVG
A unit which is a standard measure of the volume of fluid which passes through a given surface per unit time .
volumetric flow rate unit
A unit which is a standard measure of the volume of fluid which passes through a given surface per unit time .
Wikipedia:Wikipedia
A unit which represents a standard measurement occurrence of a process per unit time.
rate unit
An area density unit which is equal to the mass of an object in kilograms divided by the surface area in hectares.
kilogram per hectare
An area density unit which is equal to the mass of an object in kilograms divided by the surface area in hectares.
UO:GVG
An area density unit which is equal to the mass of an object in tons divided by the surface area in hectares.
ton per hectare
An area density unit which is equal to the mass of an object in tons divided by the surface area in hectares.
UO:GVG
A state of being, an external or environmental factor or a treatment observed or administered prior to or concurrent with an investigative procedure such as an assessment of a morphological or physiological state or property in a single individual or sample or in a group of individuals or samples, especially a state, factor or treatment which has the potential to influence the outcome of such an assessment.
experimental condition
A state of being, an external or environmental factor or a treatment observed or administered prior to or concurrent with an investigative procedure such as an assessment of a morphological or physiological state or property in a single individual or sample or in a group of individuals or samples, especially a state, factor or treatment which has the potential to influence the outcome of such an assessment.
Multiple_Dictionaries:http://www.thefreedictionary.com/
PMID:22654893
Obsolete Class
ready for release
pending final vetting
requires discussion
## Elucidation
This is used when the statement/axiom is assumed to hold true 'eternally'
## How to interpret (informal)
First the "atemporal" FOL is derived from the OWL using the standard
interpretation. This axiom is temporalized by embedding the axiom
within a for-all-times quantified sentence. The t argument is added to
all instantiation predicates and predicates that use this relation.
## Example
Class: nucleus
SubClassOf: part_of some cell
forall t :
forall n :
instance_of(n,Nucleus,t)
implies
exists c :
instance_of(c,Cell,t)
part_of(n,c,t)
## Notes
This interpretation is *not* the same as an at-all-times relation
axiom holds for all times
## Elucidation
This is used when the first-order logic form of the relation is
binary, and takes no temporal argument.
## Example:
Class: limb
SubClassOf: develops_from some lateral-plate-mesoderm
forall t, t2:
forall x :
instance_of(x,Limb,t)
implies
exists y :
instance_of(y,LPM,t2)
develops_from(x,y)
relation has no temporal argument
term replaced by
m
meter
metre
A length unit which is equal to the length of the path traveled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second.
A length unit which is equal to the length of the path traveled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second.
BIPM:BIPM
NIST:NIST
A mass unit which is equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram kept by the BIPM at Svres, France.
kg
kilogram
A mass unit which is equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram kept by the BIPM at Svres, France.
BIPM:BIPM
NIST:NIST
second
s
A time unit which is equal to the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom.
A time unit which is equal to the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom.
BIPM:BIPM
NIST:NIST
centimeter
centimetre
A length unit which is equal to one hundredth of a meter or 10^[-2] m.
cm
A length unit which is equal to one hundredth of a meter or 10^[-2] m.
NIST:NIST
A length unit which is equal to one thousandth of a meter or 10^[-3] m.
millimeter
mm
micrometre
A length unit which is equal to one thousandth of a meter or 10^[-3] m.
NIST:NIST
gram
g
A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of a kilogram or 10^[-3] kg.
A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of a kilogram or 10^[-3] kg.
NIST:NIST
A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of a gram or 10^[-3] g.
mg
milligram
A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of a gram or 10^[-3] g.
UOC:GVG
degree Celsius
A temperature unit which is equal to one kelvin degree. However, they have their zeros at different points. The centigrade scale has its zero at 273.15 K.
C
A temperature unit which is equal to one kelvin degree. However, they have their zeros at different points. The centigrade scale has its zero at 273.15 K.
NIST:NIST
min
A time unit which is equal to 60 seconds.
minute
A time unit which is equal to 60 seconds.
Wikipedia:Wikipedia
hour
A time unit which is equal to 3600 seconds or 60 minutes.
h
A time unit which is equal to 3600 seconds or 60 minutes.
Wikipedia:Wikipedia
day
A time unit which is equal to 24 hours.
A time unit which is equal to 24 hours.
Wikipedia:Wikipedia
A time unit which is equal to 7 days.
week
A time unit which is equal to 7 days.
Wikipedia:Wikipedia
month
A time unit which is approximately equal to the length of time of one of cycle of the moon's phases which in science is taken to be equal to 30 days.
A time unit which is approximately equal to the length of time of one of cycle of the moon's phases which in science is taken to be equal to 30 days.
Wikipedia:Wikipedia
year
A time unit which is equal to 12 months which in science is taken to be equal to 365.25 days.
A time unit which is equal to 12 months which in science is taken to be equal to 365.25 days.
Wikipedia:Wikipedia
milliliter
millilitre
A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of a liter or 10^[-3] L, or to 1 cubic centimeter.
ml
A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of a liter or 10^[-3] L, or to 1 cubic centimeter.
NIST:NIST
l
L
liter
A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of a cubic meter or 10^[-3] m^[3], or to 1 decimeter.
litre
A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of a cubic meter or 10^[-3] m^[3], or to 1 decimeter.
NIST:NIST
mass percentage
A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of a substance in a mixture as a percentage of the mass of the entire mixture.
weight-weight percentage
w/w
A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of a substance in a mixture as a percentage of the mass of the entire mixture.
Wikipedia:Wikipedia
g/L
gram per litre
gram per liter
A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in liters.
A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in liters.
UOC:GVG
degree Fahrenheit
A temperature unit which is equal to 5/9ths of a kelvin. Negative 40 degrees Fahrenheit is equal to negative 40 degrees Celsius.
F
A temperature unit which is equal to 5/9ths of a kelvin. Negative 40 degrees Fahrenheit is equal to negative 40 degrees Celsius.
Wikipedia:Wikipedia
pH
A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the acidity of a solution in terms of activity of hydrogen ions (H+).
A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the acidity of a solution in terms of activity of hydrogen ions (H+).
Wikipedia:Wikipedia
microliters per minute
microlitres per minute
uL/min
A volumetric flow rate unit which is equal to one microliter volume through a given surface in one minute.
A volumetric flow rate unit which is equal to one microliter volume through a given surface in one minute.
UOC:GVG
true
MF(X)-directly_regulates->MF(Y)-enabled_by->GP(Z) => MF(Y)-has_input->GP(Y) e.g. if 'protein kinase activity'(X) directly_regulates 'protein binding activity (Y)and this is enabled by GP(Z) then X has_input Z
infer input from direct reg
GP(X)-enables->MF(Y)-has_part->MF(Z) => GP(X) enables MF(Z),
e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase coupled transporter activity' has_part 'ATPase activity' then GP(X) enables 'ATPase activity'
enabling an MF enables its parts
true
GP(X)-enables->MF(Y)-part_of->BP(Z) => GP(X) involved_in BP(Z) e.g. if X enables 'protein kinase activity' and Y 'part of' 'signal tranduction' then X involved in 'signal transduction'
involved in BP
From ligand activity to has_ligand
This rule is dubious: added as a quick fix for expected inference in GO-CAM. The problem is most acute for transmembrane proteins, such as receptors or cell adhesion molecules, which have some subfunctions inside the cell (e.g. kinase activity) and some subfunctions outside (e.g. ligand binding). Correct annotation of where these functions occurs leads to incorrect inference about the location of the whole protein. This should probably be weakened to "... -> overlaps"
If a molecular function (X) has a regulatory subfunction, then any gene product which is an input to that subfunction has an activity that directly_regulates X. Note: this is intended for cases where the regaultory subfunction is protein binding, so it could be tightened with an additional clause to specify this.
inferring direct reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction
inferring direct neg reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction
inferring direct positive reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction
From has_ligand to ligand activity
effector input is compound function input
Input of effector is input of its parent MF
if effector directly regulates X, its parent MF directly regulates X
if effector directly positively regulates X, its parent MF directly positively regulates X
if effector directly negatively regulates X, its parent MF directly negatively regulates X